BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major ...BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.展开更多
Schizophrenia(SZ)is one of the most common mental diseases.Its main characteristics are abnormal social behavior and inability to correctly understand real things.In recent years,the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)tec...Schizophrenia(SZ)is one of the most common mental diseases.Its main characteristics are abnormal social behavior and inability to correctly understand real things.In recent years,the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)technique has been popularly utilized to study SZ.However,it is still a great challenge to reveal the essential information contained in the MRI data.In this paper,we proposed a biomarker selection approach based on the multiple hypothesis testing techniques to explore the difference between SZ and healthy controls by using both functional and structural MRI data,in which biomarkers represent both abnormal brain functional connectivity and abnormal brain regions.By implementing the biomarker selection approach,six abnormal brain regions and twenty-three abnormal functional connectivity in the brains of SZ are explored.It is discovered that compared with healthy controls,the significantly reduced gray matter volumes are mainly distributed in the limbic lobe and the basal ganglia,and the significantly increased gray matter volumes are distributed in the frontal gyrus.Meanwhile,it is revealed that the significantly strengthened connections are those between the middle frontal gyrus and the superior occipital gyrus,the superior occipital gyrus and the middle occipital gyrus as well as the middle occipital gyrus and the fusiform gyrus,and the rest connections are significantly weakened.展开更多
Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network lev...Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.展开更多
Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism during general anesthesia in adults.However,the mechanism of propofol-induced moderate-deep sedation(PMDS)in modulating pediatric...Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism during general anesthesia in adults.However,the mechanism of propofol-induced moderate-deep sedation(PMDS)in modulating pediatric neural activity remains unknown,which therefore was investigated in the present study based on functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods:A total of 41 children(5.10�1.14 years,male/female 21/20)with fMRI were employed to construct the functional connectivity network(FCN).The network communication,graph-theoretic properties,and network hub identification were statistically analyzed(t test and Bonferroni correction)between sedation(21 children)and awake(20 children)groups.All involved analyses were established on the whole-brain FCN and seven sub-networks,which included the default mode network(DMN),dorsal attentional network(DAN),salience network(SAN),auditory network(AUD),visual network(VIS),subcortical network(SUB),and other networks(Other).Results:Under PMDS,significant decreases in network communication were observed between SUB-VIS,SUB-DAN,and VIS-DAN,and between brain regions from the temporal lobe,limbic system,and subcortical tissues.However,no significant decrease in thalamus-related communication was observed.Most graph-theoretic properties were significantly decreased in the sedation group,and all graphical features of the DMN showed significant group differences.The superior parietal cortex with different neurological functions was identified as a network hub that was not greatly affected.Conclusions:Although the children had a depressed level of neural activity under PMDS,the crucial thalamus-related communication was maintained,and the network hub superior parietal cortex stayed active,which highlighted clinical prac-tices that the human body under PMDS is still perceptible to external stimuli and can be awakened by sound or touch.展开更多
In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glu...In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glutamine andγ‑aminobutyric acid[GABA])in the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex are associated with the brain’s functional connectivity and an individual’s psychopathology.Neurotransmitters were measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy while functional connectivity was measured with resting-state fMRI(n=121).Seed-based and network-based analyses revealed associations of neurotransmitter concentrations and functional connectivities between regions/networks that are connected to prefrontal cortices via structural connections that are thought to be under dynamic development during adolescence.These regions tend to be boundary areas between functional networks.Furthermore,several connectivities were found to be associated with individual’s levels of internalizing psychopathology.These findings provide insights into specific neurochemical mechanisms underlying the brain’s macroscale functional organization,its development during adolescence,and its potential associations with symptoms associated with internalizing psychopathology.展开更多
The ability to localize sound sources rapidly allows human beings to efficiently understand the surrounding environment.Previous studies have suggested that there is an auditory“where”pathway in the cortex for proce...The ability to localize sound sources rapidly allows human beings to efficiently understand the surrounding environment.Previous studies have suggested that there is an auditory“where”pathway in the cortex for processing sound locations.The neural activation in regions along this pathway encodes sound locations by opponent hemifield coding,in which each unilateral region is activated by sounds coming from the contralateral hemifield.However,it is still unclear how these regions interact with each other to form a unified representation of the auditory space.In the present study,we investigated whether functional connectivity in the auditory“where”pathway encoded sound locations during passive listening.Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while passively listening to sounds from five distinct horizontal locations(−90°,−45°,0°,45°,90°).We were able to decode sound locations from the functional connectivity patterns of the“where”pathway.Furthermore,we found that such neural representation of sound locations was primarily based on the coding of sound lateralization angles to the frontal midline.In addition,whole-brain analysis indicated that functional connectivity between occipital regions and the primary auditory cortex also encoded sound locations by lateralization angles.Overall,our results reveal a lateralization-angle-based representation of sound locations encoded by functional connectivity patterns,which could add on the activation-based opponent hemifield coding to provide a more precise representation of the auditory space.展开更多
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors,remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score(PRS)impacts ...Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors,remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score(PRS)impacts functional networks and symptomology.This study capitalized on data from 11,430 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to explore the interplay between PRSADHD,brain function,and behavioral problems,along with their interactive effects.The results showed that children with a higher PRSADHD exhibited more severe attention deficits and rule-breaking problems,and experienced sleep disturbances,particularly in initiating and maintaining sleep.We also identified the central executive network,default mode network,and sensory-motor network as the functional networks most associated with PRS and symptoms in ADHD cases,with potential mediating roles.Particularly,the impact of PRSADHD was enhanced in children experiencing heightened sleep disturbances,emphasizing the need for early intervention in sleep issues to potentially mitigate subsequent ADHD symptoms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explo...BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explore the potential characteristics of the brain network and functional connectivity(FC)of SA.METHODS Twenty-six SA individuals and 47 usual aging individuals were recruited from community-dwelling elderly,which were taken the magnetic resonance imaging scan and the global cognitive function assessment by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).The resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed by DPABISurf,and the brain functional network was conducted by DPABINet.The support vector machine model was constructed with altered functional connectivities to evaluate the identification value of SA.RESULTS The results found that the 6 inter-network FCs of 5 brain networks were significantly altered and related to MMSE performance.The FC of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus was mostly increased and positively related to MMSE score,and the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole:Middle temporal gyrus was the only one decreased and negatively related to MMSE score.All 17 significantly altered FCs of SA were taken into the support vector machine model,and the area under the curve was 0.895.CONCLUSION The identification of key brain networks and FC of SA could help us better understand the brain mechanism and further explore neuroimaging biomarkers of SA.展开更多
Major depressive disorder（MDD） is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,correlating with genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors.Molecular,functional,and structural imaging approache...Major depressive disorder（MDD） is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,correlating with genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors.Molecular,functional,and structural imaging approaches have been increasingly used to detect neurobiological changes,analyze neurochemical correlates,and parse pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD.We reviewed recent neuroimaging publications on MDD in terms of molecular,functional,and structural alterations as detected mainly by magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） and positron emission tomography.Altered structure and function of brain regions involved in the cognitive control of affective state have been demonstrated.An abnormal default mode network,as revealed by resting-state functional MRI,is likely associated with aberrant metabolicand serotonergic function revealed by radionuclide imaging.Further multi-modal investigations are essential to clarify the characteristics of the cortical network and serotonergic system associated with behavioral and genetic variations in MDD.展开更多
The functional brain network using blood-oxygen-level-dependent（BOLD） functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） has revealed the potentials for probing brain architecture,as well as for identifying clinical biom...The functional brain network using blood-oxygen-level-dependent（BOLD） functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） has revealed the potentials for probing brain architecture,as well as for identifying clinical biomarkers for brain diseases.In the general context of Brainnetome,this review focuses on the development of approaches for modeling and analyzing functional brain networks with BOLD fMRI.The prospects for these approaches are also discussed.展开更多
Objective:To clarify altered whole brain functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)in functional dyspepsia(FD)patients,and then to explore cerebral influence of acupuncture with deqi treating for FD...Objective:To clarify altered whole brain functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)in functional dyspepsia(FD)patients,and then to explore cerebral influence of acupuncture with deqi treating for FD.Methods:Thirty-two FD patients and 35 healthy subjects(HS)were firstly scanned by the resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD-fMRI)to compare differences of ACC-based functional connectivity(FC).Then 32 FD patients were randomized to receive 20 sessions’acupuncture treatment with(n=16)and without deqi(n=16),as well as underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)scans after treatment.After group re-division according to deqi response,changes of ACC subregions-based resting-state FC(rsFC)were compared between the actual with and without deqi group.Two seeds with bilateral of each were selected as regions of interest(ROIs)of the ACC,including two from the dorsal ACC:S2(BA24)(x=±5,y=2,z=46,r=3.5 mm)and two from the pregenual ACC:17(BA24)(x=±5,y=38,z=6,r=3.5 mm).The clinical changes of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index(NDI)that measuring symptoms and quality of life(QOL)were also used to further assess the correlation with ACC subregions rsFC in FD patients.Results:Compared to HS,FD patients showed significantly increased ACC subregions rsFC with left fusiform gyrus,temporal cortex,hippocampus(HIPP)/amygdala,temporal pole,and right INS,superior occipital gyrus,and bilateral precuneus,superior parietal lobule(SPL),and decreased rsFC with left postcentral/precentral gyrus(PoG/PrG),supplementary motor area(SMA)and right cerebellum.32 FD patients which were then re-divided into the actual deqi group(n=16)and actual without deqi group(n=16).The decrease of the NDI symptom score(pre-pos)in the actual deqi group was significantly greater than that in the actual without deqi group(P<0.05).Among the two groups,the actual deqi group showed increased ACC subregions rsFC with right SMA and bilateral PrG/PoG,and decreased rsFC with right precuneus,middle occipital gyrus,bilateral posterior cingulate cortex(PCC),HIPP/paraHIPP,angular gyrus and SPL after treatment.In addition,the changed NDI QOL scores(pre-post)of the actual deqi group was significantly positively correlated with their Fisher’s transformed Z value of the altered ACC subregion(left I7)rsFC with right SPL(r=-0.597,P=0.04<0.05,FDR corrected P>0.05).Conclusion:The results tested the hypothesis that the advantage of deqi on efficacy is related to affecting the ACC subregions rsFC.It suggested that deqi might participate in the adaptive modulation of disrupted relationship between the ACC subregions and the default mode network(DMN).展开更多
People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstra...People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, suggesting its important role in emotion processing in patients. We used the resting-state functional connectivity approach, setting a functionally relevant region, the vMPFC, as a seed region to examine the intrinsic functional interactions and communication between the vMPFC and other brain regions in schizophrenic patients. We found hypo-connectivity between the vMPFC and the medial frontal cortex, right middle temporal lobe （MTL）, right hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex （PHC） and amygdala. Further, there was a decreased strength of the negative connectivity （or anticorrelation） between the vMPFC and the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC） and pre-supplementary motor areas. Among these connectivity alterations, reduced vMPFC-DLPFC connectivity was positively correlated with positive symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, while vMPFC-right MTL/PHC/amygdala functional connectivity was positively correlated with the performance of emotional regulation in patients. These findings imply that communication and coordination throughout the brain networks are disrupted in schizophrenia. The emotional correlates of vMPFC connectivity suggest a role of the hypo-connectivity between these regions in the neuropathology of abnormal social cognition in chronic schizophrenia.展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with both genetic and environmental risks.Neuroimaging approaches have been widely employed to parse the neurophysiological mechan...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with both genetic and environmental risks.Neuroimaging approaches have been widely employed to parse the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ASD,and provide critical insights into the anatomical,functional,and neurochemical changes.We reviewed recent advances in neuroimaging studies that focused on ASD by using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography(PET),or single-positron emission tomography(SPECT).Longitudinal structural MRI has delineated an abnormal developmental trajectory of ASD that is associated with cascading neurobiological processes,and functional MRI has pointed to disrupted functional neural networks.Meanwhile,PET and SPECT imaging have revealed that metabolic and neurotransmitter abnormalities may contribute to shaping the aberrant neural circuits of ASD.Future large-scale,multi-center,multimodal investigations are essential to elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of ASD,and facilitate the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and better-targeted therapy.展开更多
Human functional MRI studies in acute and various chronic pain conditions have revolutionized how we view pain, and have led to a new theory that complex multi-dimensional pain experience （sensory-discriminative, aff...Human functional MRI studies in acute and various chronic pain conditions have revolutionized how we view pain, and have led to a new theory that complex multi-dimensional pain experience （sensory-discriminative, affective/motivational, and cognitive） is represented by concurrent activity in widely-distributed brain regions （termed a network or pain matrix）. Despite these break- through discoveries, the specific functions proposed for these regions remain elusive, because detailed electrophys- iological characterizations of these regions in the primate brain are lacking. To fill in this knowledge gap, we have studied the cortical areas around the central and lateral sulci of the non-human primate brain with combined submillimeter resolution functional imaging （optical imaging and fMRI） and intracranial electrophysiological recording. In this mini-review, I summarize and present data showing that the cortical circuitry engaged in nociceptive processing is much more complex than previously recognized. Electrophysiological evidence supports the engage- ment of a distinct nociceptive-processing network within SI （i.e., areas 3a, 3b, 1 and 2）, SII, and other areas along the lateral sulcus. Deafferentation caused by spinal cord injury profoundly alters the relationships between fMRI and electrophysiological signals. This finding has significant implications for using fMRI to study chronic pain conditions involving deafferentation in humans.展开更多
Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a precursor to Alzheimer’s disease.It is imperative to develop a proper treatment for this neurological disease in the aging society.This observational study investigated the effects ...Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a precursor to Alzheimer’s disease.It is imperative to develop a proper treatment for this neurological disease in the aging society.This observational study investigated the effects of acupuncture therapy on MCI patients.Eleven healthy individuals and eleven MCI patients were recruited for this study.Oxy-and deoxy-hemoglobin signals in the prefrontal cortex during working-memory tasks were monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Before acupuncture treatment,working-memory experiments were conducted for healthy control(HC)and MCI groups(MCI-0),followed by 24 sessions of acupuncture for the MCI group.The acupuncture sessions were initially carried out for 6 weeks(two sessions per week),after which experiments were performed again on the MCI group(MCI-1).This was followed by another set of acupuncture sessions that also lasted for 6 weeks,after which the experiments were repeated on the MCI group(MCI-2).Statistical analyses of the signals and classifications based on activation maps as well as temporal features were performed.The highest classification accuracies obtained using binary connectivity maps were 85.7%HC vs.MCI-0,69.5%HC vs.MCI-1,and 61.69%HC vs.MCI-2.The classification accuracies using the temporal features mean from 5 seconds to 28 seconds and maximum(i.e,max(5:28 seconds))values were 60.6%HC vs.MCI-0,56.9%HC vs.MCI-1,and 56.4%HC vs.MCI-2.The results reveal that there was a change in the temporal characteristics of the hemodynamic response of MCI patients due to acupuncture.This was reflected by a reduction in the classification accuracy after the therapy,indicating that the patients’brain responses improved and became comparable to those of healthy subjects.A similar trend was reflected in the classification using the image feature.These results indicate that acupuncture can be used for the treatment of MCI patients.展开更多
Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain f...Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain functional connectivity network of acupuncture stimulation. Objective： To offer an overview of the different influences of acupuncture on the brain functional connec- tivity network from studies using resting-state fMRI. Search strategy： The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMA guidelines, The database PubMed was searched from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 with restriction to human studies in English language. Inclusion criteria： Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed using the keywords ＂acupuncture＂ and ＂neuroimaging＂ or ＂resting-state fMRI＂ or ＂functional connectivity＂, Data extraction and analysis： Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors. Results： Forty-four resting-state fMRI studies were included in this systematic review according to inclu- sion criteria. Thirteen studies applied manual acupuncture vs. sham, four studies applied electro- acupuncture vs. sham, two studies also compared transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation vs. sham, and nine applied sham acupoint as control. Nineteen studies with a total number of 574 healthy subjects selected to perform fMRI only considered healthy adult volunteers. The brain functional connec- tivity of the patients had varying degrees of change. Compared with sham acupuncture, verum acupunc- ture could increase default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity with pain-, affective- and memory-related brain areas. It has significantly greater connectivity of genuine acupuncture between the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, limbic/paralimbic and precuneus compared with sham acupuncture. Some research had also shown that acupuncture could adjust the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network, brainstem, cerebellum, subcortical and hippocampus brain areas. Conclusion： It can be presumed that the functional connectivity network is closely related to the mech- anism of acupuncture, and central integration plays a critical role in the acupuncture mechanism.展开更多
Preoperative sleep loss can amplify post-operative mechanical hyperalgesia.However,the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.In the current study,rats were randomly allocated to a control group and an acute ...Preoperative sleep loss can amplify post-operative mechanical hyperalgesia.However,the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.In the current study,rats were randomly allocated to a control group and an acute sleep deprivation(ASD)group which experienced 6 h ASD before surgery.Then the variations in cerebral function and activity were investigated with multi-modal techniques,such as nuclear magnetic resonance,functional magnetic resonance imaging,c-Fos immunofluorescence,and electrophysiology.The results indicated that ASD induced hyperalgesia,and the metabolic kinetics were remarkably decreased in the striatum and midbrain.The functional connectivity(FC)between the nucleus accumbens(NAc,a subregion of the ventral striatum)and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vLPAG)was significantly reduced,and the c-Fos expression in the NAc and the vLPAG was suppressed.Furthermore,the electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that both the neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG,and the coherence of the NAc-vLPAG were suppressed in both resting and task states.This study showed that neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG were weakened and the FC between the NAc and the vLPAG was also suppressed in rats with ASD-induced hyperalgesia.This study highlights the importance of preoperative sleep management for surgical patients.展开更多
Balanced acupuncture, a single-acupoint balance therapy, regulates the balance of the cerebral center, and is characterized by exerting quick effects and a short treatment course. A total of 20 low-back and leg pain p...Balanced acupuncture, a single-acupoint balance therapy, regulates the balance of the cerebral center, and is characterized by exerting quick effects and a short treatment course. A total of 20 low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with balanced acupuncture or body acupuncture. Central mechanisms of vaded acupunctures were compared using resting-state functional MRI. Patients from both groups received functional MRI before and after acupuncture. Functional connectivity in brain regions that were strongly associated with the bilatera amygdala was analyzed utilizing AFNI software. Visual analogue scale scores were greater in the balanced acupuncture group compared with the body acupuncture group. Function of the endogenous pain regulation network was enhanced in patients in the balanced acupuncture group, but was not changed in the body acupuncture group. This result indicates that the analgesic effects of body acupuncture do not work through the central nervous system. These data suggest that balanced acupuncture exerts analgesic effects on low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation by regulating the function of the endogenous pain regulation network.展开更多
Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functi...Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functional connections,ignoring the instantaneous connection mode of the whole brain.In this case-control study,we used a new method called dynamic functional connectivity(DFC)to look for abnormalities in patients with AD and aMCI.We calculated dynamic functional connectivity strength from functional magnetic resonance imaging data for each participant,and then used a support vector machine to classify AD patients and normal controls.Finally,we highlighted brain regions and brain networks that made the largest contributions to the classification.We found differences in dynamic function connectivity strength in the left precuneus,default mode network,and dorsal attention network among normal controls,aMCI patients,and AD patients.These abnormalities are potential imaging markers for the early diagnosis of AD.展开更多
Patients with age-related hearing loss face hearing difficulties in daily life.The causes of age-related hearing loss are complex and include changes in peripheral hearing,central processing,and cognitive-related abil...Patients with age-related hearing loss face hearing difficulties in daily life.The causes of age-related hearing loss are complex and include changes in peripheral hearing,central processing,and cognitive-related abilities.Furthermore,the factors by which aging relates to hearing loss via changes in audito ry processing ability are still unclear.In this cross-sectional study,we evaluated 27 older adults(over 60 years old) with age-related hearing loss,21 older adults(over 60years old) with normal hearing,and 30 younger subjects(18-30 years old) with normal hearing.We used the outcome of the uppe r-threshold test,including the time-compressed thres h old and the speech recognition threshold in noisy conditions,as a behavioral indicator of auditory processing ability.We also used electroencephalogra p hy to identify presbycusis-related abnormalities in the brain while the participants were in a spontaneous resting state.The timecompressed threshold and speech recognition threshold data indicated significant diffe rences among the groups.In patients with age-related hearing loss,information masking(babble noise) had a greater effect than energy masking(speech-shaped noise) on processing difficulties.In terms of resting-state electroencephalography signals,we observed enhanced fro ntal lobe(Brodmann’s area,BA11) activation in the older adults with normal hearing compared with the younger participants with normal hearing,and greater activation in the parietal(BA7) and occipital(BA19) lobes in the individuals with age-related hearing loss compared with the younger adults.Our functional connection analysis suggested that compared with younger people,the older adults with normal hearing exhibited enhanced connections among networks,including the default mode network,sensorimotor network,cingulo-opercular network,occipital network,and frontoparietal network.These results suggest that both normal aging and the development of age-related hearing loss have a negative effect on advanced audito ry processing capabilities and that hearing loss accele rates the decline in speech comprehension,especially in speech competition situations.Older adults with normal hearing may have increased compensatory attentional resource recruitment represented by the to p-down active listening mechanism,while those with age-related hearing loss exhibit decompensation of network connections involving multisensory integration.展开更多
基金Supported by Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Laboratory,No.SZS2024016Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou,No.DZXYJ202413.
文摘BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.
基金This work was supported by NSFC(No.11471006 and No.81601456),Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Xi’an(No.2019421315KYPT004JC006)and the HPC Platform,Xi’an Jiaotong University.
文摘Schizophrenia(SZ)is one of the most common mental diseases.Its main characteristics are abnormal social behavior and inability to correctly understand real things.In recent years,the magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)technique has been popularly utilized to study SZ.However,it is still a great challenge to reveal the essential information contained in the MRI data.In this paper,we proposed a biomarker selection approach based on the multiple hypothesis testing techniques to explore the difference between SZ and healthy controls by using both functional and structural MRI data,in which biomarkers represent both abnormal brain functional connectivity and abnormal brain regions.By implementing the biomarker selection approach,six abnormal brain regions and twenty-three abnormal functional connectivity in the brains of SZ are explored.It is discovered that compared with healthy controls,the significantly reduced gray matter volumes are mainly distributed in the limbic lobe and the basal ganglia,and the significantly increased gray matter volumes are distributed in the frontal gyrus.Meanwhile,it is revealed that the significantly strengthened connections are those between the middle frontal gyrus and the superior occipital gyrus,the superior occipital gyrus and the middle occipital gyrus as well as the middle occipital gyrus and the fusiform gyrus,and the rest connections are significantly weakened.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81871836(to MZ),82172554(to XH),and 81802249(to XH),81902301(to JW)the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2018YFC2001600(to JX)and 2018YFC2001604(to JX)+3 种基金Shanghai Rising Star Program,No.19QA1409000(to MZ)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.2018YQ02(to MZ)Shanghai Youth Top Talent Development PlanShanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program,No.RY411.19.01.10(to XH)。
文摘Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,ZR2024MH072Open Project of Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging and Artificial Intelligence of Hunan Province,Xiangnan University,YXZN2022002+2 种基金Projects of Xiamen Scientific and Technological Plan,3502Z20199096 and 3502Z20209220the National Natural Science Foundation of China,61802330the Yantai City Science and Technology Innovation Development Plan,2023XDRH006.
文摘Background:Previous studies have demonstrated the underlying neurophysiologic mechanism during general anesthesia in adults.However,the mechanism of propofol-induced moderate-deep sedation(PMDS)in modulating pediatric neural activity remains unknown,which therefore was investigated in the present study based on functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).Methods:A total of 41 children(5.10�1.14 years,male/female 21/20)with fMRI were employed to construct the functional connectivity network(FCN).The network communication,graph-theoretic properties,and network hub identification were statistically analyzed(t test and Bonferroni correction)between sedation(21 children)and awake(20 children)groups.All involved analyses were established on the whole-brain FCN and seven sub-networks,which included the default mode network(DMN),dorsal attentional network(DAN),salience network(SAN),auditory network(AUD),visual network(VIS),subcortical network(SUB),and other networks(Other).Results:Under PMDS,significant decreases in network communication were observed between SUB-VIS,SUB-DAN,and VIS-DAN,and between brain regions from the temporal lobe,limbic system,and subcortical tissues.However,no significant decrease in thalamus-related communication was observed.Most graph-theoretic properties were significantly decreased in the sedation group,and all graphical features of the DMN showed significant group differences.The superior parietal cortex with different neurological functions was identified as a network hub that was not greatly affected.Conclusions:Although the children had a depressed level of neural activity under PMDS,the crucial thalamus-related communication was maintained,and the network hub superior parietal cortex stayed active,which highlighted clinical prac-tices that the human body under PMDS is still perceptible to external stimuli and can be awakened by sound or touch.
基金supported by NIMH grant R01105501(PI:MTB and BLK).
文摘In this study,we systematically tested the hypothesis that during the critical developmental period of adolescence,on a macro scale,the concentrations of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters(glutamate/glutamine andγ‑aminobutyric acid[GABA])in the dorsal and ventral lateral prefrontal cortex are associated with the brain’s functional connectivity and an individual’s psychopathology.Neurotransmitters were measured via magnetic resonance spectroscopy while functional connectivity was measured with resting-state fMRI(n=121).Seed-based and network-based analyses revealed associations of neurotransmitter concentrations and functional connectivities between regions/networks that are connected to prefrontal cortices via structural connections that are thought to be under dynamic development during adolescence.These regions tend to be boundary areas between functional networks.Furthermore,several connectivities were found to be associated with individual’s levels of internalizing psychopathology.These findings provide insights into specific neurochemical mechanisms underlying the brain’s macroscale functional organization,its development during adolescence,and its potential associations with symptoms associated with internalizing psychopathology.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFF1203502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171300,62301343,and 62394314)+1 种基金the Project of Cultivation for Young Top-Notch Talents of Beijing Municipal Institutions(BPHR202203109)the Capital Medical University Research and Development Fund(PYZ22027).
文摘The ability to localize sound sources rapidly allows human beings to efficiently understand the surrounding environment.Previous studies have suggested that there is an auditory“where”pathway in the cortex for processing sound locations.The neural activation in regions along this pathway encodes sound locations by opponent hemifield coding,in which each unilateral region is activated by sounds coming from the contralateral hemifield.However,it is still unclear how these regions interact with each other to form a unified representation of the auditory space.In the present study,we investigated whether functional connectivity in the auditory“where”pathway encoded sound locations during passive listening.Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while passively listening to sounds from five distinct horizontal locations(−90°,−45°,0°,45°,90°).We were able to decode sound locations from the functional connectivity patterns of the“where”pathway.Furthermore,we found that such neural representation of sound locations was primarily based on the coding of sound lateralization angles to the frontal midline.In addition,whole-brain analysis indicated that functional connectivity between occipital regions and the primary auditory cortex also encoded sound locations by lateralization angles.Overall,our results reveal a lateralization-angle-based representation of sound locations encoded by functional connectivity patterns,which could add on the activation-based opponent hemifield coding to provide a more precise representation of the auditory space.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373062,82022035,and 82001450)the Scientific and Technological Innovation 2030-The Major Project of the Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology(2021ZD0200500)the Startup Funds for Talents at Beijing Normal University,and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710434).
文摘Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors,remains poorly understood regarding how its polygenic risk score(PRS)impacts functional networks and symptomology.This study capitalized on data from 11,430 children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to explore the interplay between PRSADHD,brain function,and behavioral problems,along with their interactive effects.The results showed that children with a higher PRSADHD exhibited more severe attention deficits and rule-breaking problems,and experienced sleep disturbances,particularly in initiating and maintaining sleep.We also identified the central executive network,default mode network,and sensory-motor network as the functional networks most associated with PRS and symptoms in ADHD cases,with potential mediating roles.Particularly,the impact of PRSADHD was enhanced in children experiencing heightened sleep disturbances,emphasizing the need for early intervention in sleep issues to potentially mitigate subsequent ADHD symptoms.
基金Supported by the Wuxi Municipal Health Commission Major Project,No.Z202107。
文摘BACKGROUND Successful aging(SA)refers to the ability to maintain high levels of physical,cognitive,psychological,and social engagement in old age,with high cognitive function being the key to achieving SA.AIM To explore the potential characteristics of the brain network and functional connectivity(FC)of SA.METHODS Twenty-six SA individuals and 47 usual aging individuals were recruited from community-dwelling elderly,which were taken the magnetic resonance imaging scan and the global cognitive function assessment by Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE).The resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging data were preprocessed by DPABISurf,and the brain functional network was conducted by DPABINet.The support vector machine model was constructed with altered functional connectivities to evaluate the identification value of SA.RESULTS The results found that the 6 inter-network FCs of 5 brain networks were significantly altered and related to MMSE performance.The FC of the right orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus was mostly increased and positively related to MMSE score,and the FC of the right supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole:Middle temporal gyrus was the only one decreased and negatively related to MMSE score.All 17 significantly altered FCs of SA were taken into the support vector machine model,and the area under the curve was 0.895.CONCLUSION The identification of key brain networks and FC of SA could help us better understand the brain mechanism and further explore neuroimaging biomarkers of SA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81425015 and 81271601)the International S&T Cooperation Program of China (2015DFG32740)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR13H180001)
文摘Major depressive disorder（MDD） is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,correlating with genetic susceptibility and environmental risk factors.Molecular,functional,and structural imaging approaches have been increasingly used to detect neurobiological changes,analyze neurochemical correlates,and parse pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MDD.We reviewed recent neuroimaging publications on MDD in terms of molecular,functional,and structural alterations as detected mainly by magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） and positron emission tomography.Altered structure and function of brain regions involved in the cognitive control of affective state have been demonstrated.An abnormal default mode network,as revealed by resting-state functional MRI,is likely associated with aberrant metabolicand serotonergic function revealed by radionuclide imaging.Further multi-modal investigations are essential to clarify the characteristics of the cortical network and serotonergic system associated with behavioral and genetic variations in MDD.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Development Program(973) of China(2011CB707800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91132301 and 81101040)
文摘The functional brain network using blood-oxygen-level-dependent（BOLD） functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） has revealed the potentials for probing brain architecture,as well as for identifying clinical biomarkers for brain diseases.In the general context of Brainnetome,this review focuses on the development of approaches for modeling and analyzing functional brain networks with BOLD fMRI.The prospects for these approaches are also discussed.
基金grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of Outstanding Youth Fund in China:81622052National Natural Science Foundation of China:81473602+2 种基金the major program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China:81590950the Ten Thousand Talent Program:W02020595Youth Science and Technology Innovative Team of Sichuan Province:2019JDTD0011。
文摘Objective:To clarify altered whole brain functional connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)in functional dyspepsia(FD)patients,and then to explore cerebral influence of acupuncture with deqi treating for FD.Methods:Thirty-two FD patients and 35 healthy subjects(HS)were firstly scanned by the resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging(BOLD-fMRI)to compare differences of ACC-based functional connectivity(FC).Then 32 FD patients were randomized to receive 20 sessions’acupuncture treatment with(n=16)and without deqi(n=16),as well as underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)scans after treatment.After group re-division according to deqi response,changes of ACC subregions-based resting-state FC(rsFC)were compared between the actual with and without deqi group.Two seeds with bilateral of each were selected as regions of interest(ROIs)of the ACC,including two from the dorsal ACC:S2(BA24)(x=±5,y=2,z=46,r=3.5 mm)and two from the pregenual ACC:17(BA24)(x=±5,y=38,z=6,r=3.5 mm).The clinical changes of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index(NDI)that measuring symptoms and quality of life(QOL)were also used to further assess the correlation with ACC subregions rsFC in FD patients.Results:Compared to HS,FD patients showed significantly increased ACC subregions rsFC with left fusiform gyrus,temporal cortex,hippocampus(HIPP)/amygdala,temporal pole,and right INS,superior occipital gyrus,and bilateral precuneus,superior parietal lobule(SPL),and decreased rsFC with left postcentral/precentral gyrus(PoG/PrG),supplementary motor area(SMA)and right cerebellum.32 FD patients which were then re-divided into the actual deqi group(n=16)and actual without deqi group(n=16).The decrease of the NDI symptom score(pre-pos)in the actual deqi group was significantly greater than that in the actual without deqi group(P<0.05).Among the two groups,the actual deqi group showed increased ACC subregions rsFC with right SMA and bilateral PrG/PoG,and decreased rsFC with right precuneus,middle occipital gyrus,bilateral posterior cingulate cortex(PCC),HIPP/paraHIPP,angular gyrus and SPL after treatment.In addition,the changed NDI QOL scores(pre-post)of the actual deqi group was significantly positively correlated with their Fisher’s transformed Z value of the altered ACC subregion(left I7)rsFC with right SPL(r=-0.597,P=0.04<0.05,FDR corrected P>0.05).Conclusion:The results tested the hypothesis that the advantage of deqi on efficacy is related to affecting the ACC subregions rsFC.It suggested that deqi might participate in the adaptive modulation of disrupted relationship between the ACC subregions and the default mode network(DMN).
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission(D0906001040191,D101107047810005,D101100050010051)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(7102086)+3 种基金the Fund for Capital Medical Development and Research(2007-3059)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81171409)Startup Foundation for Distinguished Research Professors of the Institute for Psychology(Y0CX492S03)Fund for Outstanding Talents in Beijing(2012D003034000003)
文摘People with schizophrenia exhibit impaired social cognitive functions, particularly emotion regulation. Abnormal activations of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex （vMPFC） during emotional tasks have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, suggesting its important role in emotion processing in patients. We used the resting-state functional connectivity approach, setting a functionally relevant region, the vMPFC, as a seed region to examine the intrinsic functional interactions and communication between the vMPFC and other brain regions in schizophrenic patients. We found hypo-connectivity between the vMPFC and the medial frontal cortex, right middle temporal lobe （MTL）, right hippocampus, parahippocampal cortex （PHC） and amygdala. Further, there was a decreased strength of the negative connectivity （or anticorrelation） between the vMPFC and the bilateral dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex （DLPFC） and pre-supplementary motor areas. Among these connectivity alterations, reduced vMPFC-DLPFC connectivity was positively correlated with positive symptoms on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, while vMPFC-right MTL/PHC/amygdala functional connectivity was positively correlated with the performance of emotional regulation in patients. These findings imply that communication and coordination throughout the brain networks are disrupted in schizophrenia. The emotional correlates of vMPFC connectivity suggest a role of the hypo-connectivity between these regions in the neuropathology of abnormal social cognition in chronic schizophrenia.
基金the National Key Research and the Development Program of China(2016YFA0100900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81761148029,81725009,81425015,and 81900255).
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder associated with both genetic and environmental risks.Neuroimaging approaches have been widely employed to parse the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ASD,and provide critical insights into the anatomical,functional,and neurochemical changes.We reviewed recent advances in neuroimaging studies that focused on ASD by using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography(PET),or single-positron emission tomography(SPECT).Longitudinal structural MRI has delineated an abnormal developmental trajectory of ASD that is associated with cascading neurobiological processes,and functional MRI has pointed to disrupted functional neural networks.Meanwhile,PET and SPECT imaging have revealed that metabolic and neurotransmitter abnormalities may contribute to shaping the aberrant neural circuits of ASD.Future large-scale,multi-center,multimodal investigations are essential to elucidate the neurophysiological underpinnings of ASD,and facilitate the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and better-targeted therapy.
基金supported by NIH Grant R01 NS069909an imaging track Grant from the Dana Foundation
文摘Human functional MRI studies in acute and various chronic pain conditions have revolutionized how we view pain, and have led to a new theory that complex multi-dimensional pain experience （sensory-discriminative, affective/motivational, and cognitive） is represented by concurrent activity in widely-distributed brain regions （termed a network or pain matrix）. Despite these break- through discoveries, the specific functions proposed for these regions remain elusive, because detailed electrophys- iological characterizations of these regions in the primate brain are lacking. To fill in this knowledge gap, we have studied the cortical areas around the central and lateral sulci of the non-human primate brain with combined submillimeter resolution functional imaging （optical imaging and fMRI） and intracranial electrophysiological recording. In this mini-review, I summarize and present data showing that the cortical circuitry engaged in nociceptive processing is much more complex than previously recognized. Electrophysiological evidence supports the engage- ment of a distinct nociceptive-processing network within SI （i.e., areas 3a, 3b, 1 and 2）, SII, and other areas along the lateral sulcus. Deafferentation caused by spinal cord injury profoundly alters the relationships between fMRI and electrophysiological signals. This finding has significant implications for using fMRI to study chronic pain conditions involving deafferentation in humans.
基金supported by National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea(No.NRF-2020R1A2B5B03096000,to KSH).
文摘Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a precursor to Alzheimer’s disease.It is imperative to develop a proper treatment for this neurological disease in the aging society.This observational study investigated the effects of acupuncture therapy on MCI patients.Eleven healthy individuals and eleven MCI patients were recruited for this study.Oxy-and deoxy-hemoglobin signals in the prefrontal cortex during working-memory tasks were monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Before acupuncture treatment,working-memory experiments were conducted for healthy control(HC)and MCI groups(MCI-0),followed by 24 sessions of acupuncture for the MCI group.The acupuncture sessions were initially carried out for 6 weeks(two sessions per week),after which experiments were performed again on the MCI group(MCI-1).This was followed by another set of acupuncture sessions that also lasted for 6 weeks,after which the experiments were repeated on the MCI group(MCI-2).Statistical analyses of the signals and classifications based on activation maps as well as temporal features were performed.The highest classification accuracies obtained using binary connectivity maps were 85.7%HC vs.MCI-0,69.5%HC vs.MCI-1,and 61.69%HC vs.MCI-2.The classification accuracies using the temporal features mean from 5 seconds to 28 seconds and maximum(i.e,max(5:28 seconds))values were 60.6%HC vs.MCI-0,56.9%HC vs.MCI-1,and 56.4%HC vs.MCI-2.The results reveal that there was a change in the temporal characteristics of the hemodynamic response of MCI patients due to acupuncture.This was reflected by a reduction in the classification accuracy after the therapy,indicating that the patients’brain responses improved and became comparable to those of healthy subjects.A similar trend was reflected in the classification using the image feature.These results indicate that acupuncture can be used for the treatment of MCI patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81473784)University Science Research Project of Anhui Province of China(No.KJ2017A298)+1 种基金the Key Project of the Youth Elite Support Plan in Universities of Anhui Province of China(No.gxyq ZD2016134)Construction Project of Scientific Research Innovation Platform of Anhui Province of China(No.2015TD033)
文摘Background： Functional magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） is a novel method for studying the changes of brain networks due to acupuncture treatment. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the brain functional connectivity network of acupuncture stimulation. Objective： To offer an overview of the different influences of acupuncture on the brain functional connec- tivity network from studies using resting-state fMRI. Search strategy： The authors performed a systematic search according to PRISMA guidelines, The database PubMed was searched from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016 with restriction to human studies in English language. Inclusion criteria： Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed using the keywords ＂acupuncture＂ and ＂neuroimaging＂ or ＂resting-state fMRI＂ or ＂functional connectivity＂, Data extraction and analysis： Selection of included articles, data extraction and methodological quality assessments were respectively conducted by two review authors. Results： Forty-four resting-state fMRI studies were included in this systematic review according to inclu- sion criteria. Thirteen studies applied manual acupuncture vs. sham, four studies applied electro- acupuncture vs. sham, two studies also compared transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation vs. sham, and nine applied sham acupoint as control. Nineteen studies with a total number of 574 healthy subjects selected to perform fMRI only considered healthy adult volunteers. The brain functional connec- tivity of the patients had varying degrees of change. Compared with sham acupuncture, verum acupunc- ture could increase default mode network and sensorimotor network connectivity with pain-, affective- and memory-related brain areas. It has significantly greater connectivity of genuine acupuncture between the periaqueductal gray, anterior cingulate cortex, left posterior cingulate cortex, right anterior insula, limbic/paralimbic and precuneus compared with sham acupuncture. Some research had also shown that acupuncture could adjust the limbic-paralimbic-neocortical network, brainstem, cerebellum, subcortical and hippocampus brain areas. Conclusion： It can be presumed that the functional connectivity network is closely related to the mech- anism of acupuncture, and central integration plays a critical role in the acupuncture mechanism.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071208,81870851,31771193,and 81971775)the Outstanding Talented Young Doctor Program of Hubei Province(HB20200407)+2 种基金the Translational Medicine,and interdisciplinary Research Joint Fund of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University(ZNJC202012)the Medical Sci-Tech Innovation Platform of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan Universitythe Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB32030200).
文摘Preoperative sleep loss can amplify post-operative mechanical hyperalgesia.However,the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown.In the current study,rats were randomly allocated to a control group and an acute sleep deprivation(ASD)group which experienced 6 h ASD before surgery.Then the variations in cerebral function and activity were investigated with multi-modal techniques,such as nuclear magnetic resonance,functional magnetic resonance imaging,c-Fos immunofluorescence,and electrophysiology.The results indicated that ASD induced hyperalgesia,and the metabolic kinetics were remarkably decreased in the striatum and midbrain.The functional connectivity(FC)between the nucleus accumbens(NAc,a subregion of the ventral striatum)and the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vLPAG)was significantly reduced,and the c-Fos expression in the NAc and the vLPAG was suppressed.Furthermore,the electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that both the neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG,and the coherence of the NAc-vLPAG were suppressed in both resting and task states.This study showed that neuronal activity in the NAc and the vLPAG were weakened and the FC between the NAc and the vLPAG was also suppressed in rats with ASD-induced hyperalgesia.This study highlights the importance of preoperative sleep management for surgical patients.
基金funded by the Scientific Research Innovation Program regarding Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Central mechanism of balanced acupuncture for lumbar disc herniationusing functional MRI), No. 09CX068
文摘Balanced acupuncture, a single-acupoint balance therapy, regulates the balance of the cerebral center, and is characterized by exerting quick effects and a short treatment course. A total of 20 low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation were treated with balanced acupuncture or body acupuncture. Central mechanisms of vaded acupunctures were compared using resting-state functional MRI. Patients from both groups received functional MRI before and after acupuncture. Functional connectivity in brain regions that were strongly associated with the bilatera amygdala was analyzed utilizing AFNI software. Visual analogue scale scores were greater in the balanced acupuncture group compared with the body acupuncture group. Function of the endogenous pain regulation network was enhanced in patients in the balanced acupuncture group, but was not changed in the body acupuncture group. This result indicates that the analgesic effects of body acupuncture do not work through the central nervous system. These data suggest that balanced acupuncture exerts analgesic effects on low-back and leg pain patients with lumbar disc herniation by regulating the function of the endogenous pain regulation network.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81471120Fund Projects in Technology of the Foundation Strengthening Program of China,No.2019-JCJQ-JJ-151(both to XZ).
文摘Numerous studies have shown abnormal brain functional connectivity in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI).However,most studies examined traditional resting state functional connections,ignoring the instantaneous connection mode of the whole brain.In this case-control study,we used a new method called dynamic functional connectivity(DFC)to look for abnormalities in patients with AD and aMCI.We calculated dynamic functional connectivity strength from functional magnetic resonance imaging data for each participant,and then used a support vector machine to classify AD patients and normal controls.Finally,we highlighted brain regions and brain networks that made the largest contributions to the classification.We found differences in dynamic function connectivity strength in the left precuneus,default mode network,and dorsal attention network among normal controls,aMCI patients,and AD patients.These abnormalities are potential imaging markers for the early diagnosis of AD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171138 (to YQZ),82071 062 (to YXC)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.2021A1515012038 (to YXC)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,No.20ykpy91 (to YXC)the Sun Yat-Sen Clinical Research Cultivating Program,No.SYS-Q-201903 (to YXC)。
文摘Patients with age-related hearing loss face hearing difficulties in daily life.The causes of age-related hearing loss are complex and include changes in peripheral hearing,central processing,and cognitive-related abilities.Furthermore,the factors by which aging relates to hearing loss via changes in audito ry processing ability are still unclear.In this cross-sectional study,we evaluated 27 older adults(over 60 years old) with age-related hearing loss,21 older adults(over 60years old) with normal hearing,and 30 younger subjects(18-30 years old) with normal hearing.We used the outcome of the uppe r-threshold test,including the time-compressed thres h old and the speech recognition threshold in noisy conditions,as a behavioral indicator of auditory processing ability.We also used electroencephalogra p hy to identify presbycusis-related abnormalities in the brain while the participants were in a spontaneous resting state.The timecompressed threshold and speech recognition threshold data indicated significant diffe rences among the groups.In patients with age-related hearing loss,information masking(babble noise) had a greater effect than energy masking(speech-shaped noise) on processing difficulties.In terms of resting-state electroencephalography signals,we observed enhanced fro ntal lobe(Brodmann’s area,BA11) activation in the older adults with normal hearing compared with the younger participants with normal hearing,and greater activation in the parietal(BA7) and occipital(BA19) lobes in the individuals with age-related hearing loss compared with the younger adults.Our functional connection analysis suggested that compared with younger people,the older adults with normal hearing exhibited enhanced connections among networks,including the default mode network,sensorimotor network,cingulo-opercular network,occipital network,and frontoparietal network.These results suggest that both normal aging and the development of age-related hearing loss have a negative effect on advanced audito ry processing capabilities and that hearing loss accele rates the decline in speech comprehension,especially in speech competition situations.Older adults with normal hearing may have increased compensatory attentional resource recruitment represented by the to p-down active listening mechanism,while those with age-related hearing loss exhibit decompensation of network connections involving multisensory integration.
