This study investigates the transmission dynamics of conjunctivitis using stochastic delay differential equations(SDDEs).A delayed stochastic model is formulated by dividing the population into five distinct compartme...This study investigates the transmission dynamics of conjunctivitis using stochastic delay differential equations(SDDEs).A delayed stochastic model is formulated by dividing the population into five distinct compartments:susceptible,exposed,infected,environmental irritants,and recovered individuals.The model undergoes thorough analytical examination,addressing key dynamical properties including positivity,boundedness,existence,and uniqueness of solutions.Local and global stability around the equilibrium points is studied with respect to the basic reproduction number.The existence of a unique global positive solution for the stochastic delayed model is established.In addition,a stochastic nonstandard finite difference scheme is developed,which is shown to be dynamically consistent and convergent toward the equilibrium states.The scheme preserves the essential qualitative features of the model and demonstrates improved performance when compared to existing numerical methods.Finally,the impact of time delays and stochastic fluctuations on the susceptible and infected populations is analyzed.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children with...AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children without signs or symptoms of ocular surface dysfunction were included.Information on the duration of AC,untreated time,electronic screen time(EST),outdoor exercise time,body mass index(BMI),and frequency of eye rubbing was collected using a health history form.The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness(SPEED)score was used for dry eye assessment.Images of the meibomian glands(MGs)were obtained using Keratograph 5M,and the rate of meibomian gland atrophy(MGAR)was calculated using Image J.All subjects underwent routine eye examinations.RESULTS:The average age of the AC group was 10.43±2.75y(range 6-17y)and 10.35±3.42y(range 6-14y)in the control group.The MGAR in the AC group was 33.42%±11.91%,significantly higher than that in the control group(18.10%±11.74%,P<0.001).Moreover,the MGAR in younger children(aged 12 and below)was significantly higher than in older children(P<0.05).Multi-factor linear regression analysis revealed that EST non-projector was a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.332,95%CI 0.04-0.22,P=0.004),while outdoor exercise time was a protective factor against MGAR(β=-0.407,95%CI-0.39 to-0.10,P=0.001).The untreated time of AC was identified as a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.24,95%CI 0.07-1.98,P=0.037),and the frequency of eye rubbing was associated with MG distortion score(P=0.00).CONCLUSION:Children with AC exhibit exacerbate MGA,with the degree of atrophy worsening as the untreated time of AC prolongs.Children under 12 years old show a higher MGAR,and EST non-projector negatively impacts MGA,while increased outdoor exercise time acts as a protective factor against MGA.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the incidence of acute atopic conjunctivitis in the port environment. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study involving 365 worker patients from the Port of Santos and 365 patients n...Objective: To evaluate the incidence of acute atopic conjunctivitis in the port environment. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study involving 365 worker patients from the Port of Santos and 365 patients not related with port activities (control group). All patients were seen at the same private hospital in the city of Santos. Data were obtained by reviewing the electronic medical records of each patient related to the admission exam (initial) and to any assistance due to ocular allergic symptoms (red eyes) between 2019 and 2021. The analyzed data included age, sex, port section (port workers), refraction, time of symptom onset, disease history, treatment, and clinical outcome. Data were statistically assessed by the Chi-square test. Results: All patents were male. The mean age (34 ± 12 vs 35 ± 11 years) and the prevalence of refractive errors were similar between groups. In contrast, ocular allergic symptoms were significantly higher in group of port workers (34%) compared with non-port workers (17%), p < 0.0001. Likewise, episodes related to ocular allergy were more frequent in port workers, p < 0.05. Workers with activities related to bulk handling were the most affected. Conclusions: The incidence of acute allergic conjunctivitis in port workers requires attention from health authorities. This may lead to prevention and a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease.展开更多
AIM: To demonstrate the effects of two different types of allergic conjunctivitis on severity of keratoconus (KC). ·METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 171 KC patients referred between Jun...AIM: To demonstrate the effects of two different types of allergic conjunctivitis on severity of keratoconus (KC). ·METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 171 KC patients referred between June 2010 and June 2011. The KC patients were divided into 3 groups as KC (group A), KC with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) (group B) and KC with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) (group C). Main outcome measures were demographic and ocular clinical features including age at presentation, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean keratometric measurement (Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP). Groups were compared in term of study variables. · RESULTS: The median age at presentation was significantly lower in group B (P 【0.001). According to the median SE (P =0.003), BCVA(P =0.022), Km(P 【0.001), CCT (P =0.015) and Amsler-Krumeich classification (P 【 0.001), KC was more severe in group B. There was no significant difference in terms of IOP and corrected IOP among the groups (P =0.44), however there were 4 patients who had increased corrected IOP developed after topical corticosteroid use in group B. The differences among the groups persisted even after controlling for age and gender. · CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated a more severe KC in VKC patients despite their younger age which suggests evaluation of VKC patients as a separate group in keratoconus disease.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, the management modalities, as well as the incidence of subepithelial corneal infiltrates(SEI).METHODS: Patients with characteristic cli...AIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, the management modalities, as well as the incidence of subepithelial corneal infiltrates(SEI).METHODS: Patients with characteristic clinical symptoms and signs, who presented to our clinic within the first week of symptoms and received the diagnosis of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis between January 2013 and April 2016, were included in the study. A total of 211 patients were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for the incidence of clinical signs, late complications, management preferences, and the effect of diluted povidone-iodine(d-PVP-I) 2%. RESULTS: Patients’ mean age was 33.03±14.76 y. We observed an increase in the number of cases according to the years. At presentation and/or early follow-up, the clinical signs were conjunctival hyperemia(100%), conjunctival follicules(79.1%), edema of the eyelids(39.3%), chemosis(16.1%), pseudomembrane formation(16.6%), and corneal epitheliopathy(29.9%). During late follow-up 13.3% patients developed conjunctival subepithelial fibrosis, and 39.8% developed SEI. A significant decrease in the incidence of SEI development was observed in patients who used d-PVP-I 2%(P=0.032;33.3% vs 45.9%, respectively in patients who received d-PVP-I 2% and who did not).CONCLUSION: Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis has a tremendous effect on patient’s comfort and abilities in short-term. Additionally, almost half of the patients develop visual problems related to SEI. According to our clinical experience, using d-PVP-I 2% in the first days of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis might be helpful in reducing the risk of SEI as a complication.展开更多
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bloodletting at Erjian（耳尖EX- HN 6） combined with traditional Chinese herbal medication （heat-clearing I recipe） ultrasonic atomization in treatment of acute catarrha...Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bloodletting at Erjian（耳尖EX- HN 6） combined with traditional Chinese herbal medication （heat-clearing I recipe） ultrasonic atomization in treatment of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis （fulminant wind and invading fever）. Method One hundred and twenty- two patients （244 eyes） were randomly divided into 3 groups. In group A （40 cases, 80 eyes）, levofloxacin hydrochloride eye drops were administrated for four times per day; in group B （42 cases, 84 eyes）, ＂heat-clearing I recipe＂ ultrasonic atomization was applied for twice per day with 20 rain for each time; and in group C （40 cases, 80 eyes）, bloodletting at EX-HN 6 was applied before ultrasonic atomization on the first 3 days of treatment, with once per day. Result （1） The total effective rate of group C was 100.00% which was significantly superior to 88.75% in group A （P〈0.05）; （2） the average course of treatment of clinical cured patients of group C was significantly shorter than those of group A and group B （P〈0.05）. Conclusion It is indicated from this study that ＂heat-clearing I recipe＂ ultrasonic atomization combined with bloodletting at EX-HN 6 in treatment of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis （fulminant wind and invading fever） have definite efficacy, its clinical efficacy is significantly superior to traditional levofloxacin treatment, and its course of treatment is obviously shorter than that of simple traditional Chinese medicine ultrasonic atomization. Cold ultrasonic atomization can effectively relieve local burning sensation, obviously relieve reddening and swelling and heat pain of patients, and ease subjective discomfort and emotional tension of patients.展开更多
The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic ins...The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic instrument in vitro . The content of T cell subsets of peripheral blood and cytokine were determined by using indirect immune fluorescence method, and IL 4 and INF γ were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that the level of total IgE was substantially reduced ( P <0.01) after treatment in the BCG PSN group. Meanwhile, CD + 8 was decreased, CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio elevated with significant differences ( P <0.05) as compared with pre treatment results. The changes in total IgE, CD + 8 ,CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio after treatment also presented significant differences ( P <0.05) between BCG PSN group and routine treatment group. The level of IL 4 in serum declined ( P <0.05) after treatment in the BCG PSN group, and INF γ went up ( P <0 05). IL 4 and INF γ in serum showed significant differences ( P <0.05) between two groups after treatment. It is concluded that BCG PSN has a bi directional immunoregulating effect. It can bring CD + 4 and CD + 8 into homeostasis, thereby preventing the occurrence of anaphylaxis. At the same time, BCG PSN can restrain Th 2, decrease the synthesis of IL 4, switch the balance of Th l/Th 2 to Th 1 side, boost up the predominance of Th 1 relatively, which is propitious to perennial stabilization and recovery of vernal conjunctivitis.展开更多
AIM: To assess the efficacy of topical Semaphorin 3A(SEMA3A) in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS: Experimental allergic conjunctivitis(EAC)mice model induced by short ragweed pollen(SRW) in 4-week-old ...AIM: To assess the efficacy of topical Semaphorin 3A(SEMA3A) in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS: Experimental allergic conjunctivitis(EAC)mice model induced by short ragweed pollen(SRW) in 4-week-old of BALB/c mice, mice were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining, immunofluor-escence and light microscope photographs. Early phase took the samples in 24 h after instillation and late phase took the samples between 4 to 14 d after the start of treatment. The study use of topical SEMA3A(10 U, 100 U,1000 U) eye drops and subconjunctival injection of SEMA3 A with same concentration. For comparison, five types of allergy eyedrops were quantified using clinical characteristics.· RESULTS: Clinical score of composite ocular symptoms of the mice treated with SEMA3 A were significantly decreased both in the immediate phase and the late phase compared to those treated with commercial ophthalmic formulations and non-treatment mice. SEMA3 A treatment attenuates infiltration of eosinophils entering into conjunctiva in EAC mice. The score of eosinophil infiltration in the conjunctiva of SEMA3 A 1000 U-treated group were significantly lower than low-concentration of SEMA3 A treated groups and non-treated group. SEMA3 A treatment also suppressed T-cell proliferation in vitro and decreased serum total Ig E levels in EAC mice. Moreover, treatment of SEMA3 A suppressed Th2-related cytokines(IL-5, IL-13 and IL-4)and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α)release, but increased regulatory cytokine IL-10 concentration in the conjunctiva of EAC mice.CONCLUSION: SEMA3 A as a biological agent, showed the beneficial activity in ocular allergic processes with the less damage to the intraocular tissue. It is expected that SEMA3 A may be contributed in patients with a more severe spectrum of refractory ocular allergic diseases including allergic conjunctivitis in the near future.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE Web of Science, Cochrane Central Database and CNKI wa...AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE Web of Science, Cochrane Central Database and CNKI was undertaken for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing besifloxacin with other treatments or placebo. The primary outcome measures were clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, and bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens. Safety outcomes were the number of adverse effects(AEs). The final search was performed on August 2018.RESULTS: Eight RCTs were included. Five studies compared the efficacy and safety of besifloxacin with placebo, 2 studies compared besifloxacin with moxifloxacin, and 1 study compared besifloxacin with gatifloxacin. A total of 3105 patients met the inclusion criteria. Besifloxacin presented higher efficacy and safety than did placebo in clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens and the number of AEs. There was no significant difference between besifloxacin and moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin in the comparison items mentioned above.CONCLUSION: Besifloxacin is highly effective and safe for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Further comparative trials regarding the effect of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis will aid in treatment decisions.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the feasibility and mechanism of immune tolerance in allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS:The allergic conjunctivitis immune tolerance mice model was established by ragweed pollen(RW)and the related cyto...AIM:To investigate the feasibility and mechanism of immune tolerance in allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS:The allergic conjunctivitis immune tolerance mice model was established by ragweed pollen(RW)and the related cytokines were detected.The mice were divided into 9 groups and the maslinic acid(MA)or PBS were given for different group after modeling.The expression levels of chemokine ligand 5(CCL5)and P-65 in the conjunctival tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)and Western blot.The percentage of interleukin-17(IL-17)and CD4+CD25+in the splenocyte supernatant was analyzed by flow cytometry.Fur thermore,the serum and splenocyte supernatant concentration of total-IgE,interleukin-10(IL-10),and IL-17 was analyzed by enzyme linked immune response(ELISA).RESULTS:After the model was established,symptoms of conjunctivitis were alleviated,the level of P-65,CCL5,IL-17,and total-IgE was raised,while the expression of IL-10,CD4+CD25+was decreased.This result fully demonstrated that a typical IL-17/regulatory-T-cells(Treg cells)imbalance and NF-κB activation.When the NF-κB signal pathway was suppressed,it showed that there was a further relief of conjunctivitis in mice.At the same time,the expression of total-IgE,IL-17,and CCL5 was decreased and the expression of anti-inflammatory factor(IL-10,CD4+CD25+)was increased.CONCLUSION:In the state of immune tolerance,symptoms of conjunctivitis in mice are alleviated,the Th-17 cells of allergic conjunctivitis mice are inhibited,and Treg cells activity is enhanced.展开更多
Coxsackievirus A24 variant(CVA24v)is a major pathogen that causes continued outbreaks and pandemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC).In China,the first confirmed outbreak of CVA24v-related AHC occurred in Beij...Coxsackievirus A24 variant(CVA24v)is a major pathogen that causes continued outbreaks and pandemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC).In China,the first confirmed outbreak of CVA24v-related AHC occurred in Beijing in 1988,followed by another two significant outbreaks respectively in 1994 and 2007,which coincides with the three-stage dynamic distribution of AHC in the world after 1970s.To illustrate the genetic characteristics of CVA24v in different periods,a total of 23 strains were isolated from those three outbreaks and the whole genome of those isolations were sequenced and analyzed.Compared with the prototype strain,the 23 strains shared four nucleotide deletions in the 5'UTR except the 0744 strain isolated in 2007.And at the 98th site,one nucleotide insertion was found in all the strains collected from 2007.From 1994 to 2007,amino acid polarity in the VP1 region at the 25th and the 32nd site were changed.Both the 3C and VP1 phylogenetic tree indicated that isolates from 1988 and 1994 belonged to Genotype III(GIII),and 2007 strains to Genotype IV(GIV).According to the Bayesian analysis based on complete genome sequence,the most recent common ancestors for the isolates in1988,1994 and 2007 were respectively estimated around October 1987,February 1993 and December 2004.The evolutionary rate of the CVA24v was estimated to be 7.45×10^(-3) substitutions/site/year.Our study indicated that the early epidemic of CVA24v in Chinese mainland was the GIII.Point mutations and amino acid changes in different genotypes of CVA24v may generate intensity differences of the AHC outbreak.CVA24v has been evolving constantly with a relatively rapid rate.展开更多
AIM:To detect the quantitative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin-8(IL8),antimicrobial peptides human beta defense-2(HBD2),and human beta defense-3(HBD3)genes in bacterial conjunctivitis.METHODS:The...AIM:To detect the quantitative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin-8(IL8),antimicrobial peptides human beta defense-2(HBD2),and human beta defense-3(HBD3)genes in bacterial conjunctivitis.METHODS:The human conjunctival epithelial cells were obtained using the impression cytology technique from healthy controls and patients.The genes expression levels were determined utilizing a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR).The contribution of causative agent type,the number of isolates and severity of clinical features,in the increase of genes expression was also determined.RESULTS:The RT-q PCR showed that IL8,HBD2,and HBD3 expression increased in bacterial conjunctivitis as compared to healthy control(P<0.001).In gram-negative bacterial conjunctivitis,HBD2 was highly up-regulated(P<0.001)compared to other types of bacterial conjunctivitis.In mixed bacterial conjunctivitis,a direct correlation between HBD2 up-regulation and HBD3 up-regulation was observed(P<0.05).The severity of clinical features was related to the up-regulation of IL8 and HBD2(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:IL8,HBD2,and HBD3 are immuneeffectors in infectious conjunctivitis.HBD2 is active during different bacterial conjunctivitis but is more released with gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria.HBD3 is an obvious defender in different bacterial conjunctivitis.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubM ed, EMBASE Web of Science, Cochrane Central Database and CNKI ...AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubM ed, EMBASE Web of Science, Cochrane Central Database and CNKI was undertaken for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing besifloxacin with other treatments or placebo. The primary outcome measures were clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, and bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens. Safety outcomes were the number of adverse effects(AEs). The final search was performed on August 2018. RESULTS: Six RCTs were included. Four studies compared the efficacy and safety of besifloxacin with placebo, 1 study compared besifloxacin with moxifloxacin, and 1 study compared besifloxacin with gatifloxacin. A total of 2780 patients met the inclusion criteria. Besifloxacin presented higher efficacy and safety than did placebo in clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens and the number of AEs. There was no significant difference between besifloxacin and moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin in the comparison items mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Besifloxacin is highly effective and safe for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Further comparative trials regarding the effect of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis will aid in treatment decisions.展开更多
Objective： To assess the relationship between allergic conjunctivitis（AC） and allergic rhinitis（AR） in pediatric ophthalmology and E.N.T outpatient clinic. Methods：Eight hundred and ninety two patients were enro...Objective： To assess the relationship between allergic conjunctivitis（AC） and allergic rhinitis（AR） in pediatric ophthalmology and E.N.T outpatient clinic. Methods：Eight hundred and ninety two patients were enrolled in survey during Mar. 2005-Jan. 2007, 407 allergic conjunctivitis cases were placed in the ophthalmology clinic group and 485 allergic rhinitis cases were from the E.N.T clinic. The comorbid disorders, histories, symptoms, signs of patients were recorded. Type 1 allergy was tested in 479 cases by a specific IgE antibody blood test. Eosinophils were detected in superficial conjunctival scrapings of the superior tarsal conjunctiva and mucosa surface scrapings of middle nasal meatus in 88 cases with both diseases. Results：302（74%）, 374（92%）, 116（29%） in 407 cases with allergic conjunctivitis had concomitant eczema, rhinitis and asthma, respectively; 334（69%）, 430（89%）, 145（30%） in 485 cases with allergic rhinitis had concomitant eczema, allergic conjunctivitis and asthma, respectively. The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis concomitant allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis concomitant allergic conjunctivitis had no significant difference（x2=2,6, P 〉 0.05）. The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis concomitant eczema and asthma also had no significant difference （x2=3.08; x2=0.21, P 〉 0.05）. The degree of severity of two kinds of disease symptoms is not parallel, in the patients with seasonal allergic conjuctivitis（SAC） and perennial allergic conjunctivitis（PAC）, the clinical signs of AR were always severer（x2=258.2, P 〈 0.05） than those of AC. However, the results coincided with the cases with vernal keratoconjuctivitis（VKC）（x2=66.5, P 〈 0.05）; Eosinophils were revealed in 50（57%） conjunctival scrapings and nasal mucosa scrapings（x2=1.5, P〉 0.05）, 47（53%） cases had positive results in both scrapings. The main aeroallergens were house dust mites, house dust and fungi, and the main food-allergens were fish, crab and shrimp. Conclusion：The two disorders were shown to share more similarities than differences, as suggested that allergic conjunctivitis should be considered in future guidelines on preventing the development of rhinitis and asthma in children.展开更多
AIM:To assess the efficacy of ketotifen in treating allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS:A systematic search of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses was conducted on the Pub Med and Web Science of Science until October 202...AIM:To assess the efficacy of ketotifen in treating allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS:A systematic search of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses was conducted on the Pub Med and Web Science of Science until October 2021 to address this knowledge gap.Mean difference with 95%CI and P values were used to assess the efficacy of ketotifen.The heterogeneity(I^(2))was used to evaluate the impact of heterogeneity.RESULTS:Eight randomized controlled trials(RCTs)involving 1589 patients were included in this Meta-analysis.The results revealed that after treating with ketotifen,itching(MD=-0.91,95%CI:-1.63 to-0.20,I^(2)=94%,P=0.01),tearing(MD=-0.40,95%CI:-0.61 to-0.18,I^(2)=75%,P=0.0003)and total signs and symptoms(MD=-0.85,95%CI:-1.12 to-0.58,I2=0,P<0.00001)showed better benefit effect compared to the placebo group.CONCLUSION:Topical ketotifen is an effective treatment for patients with allergic conjunctivitis.展开更多
AIM： To analyze the possible risk factors in the development of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis（SAC） through an evaluation of skin allergy tests and data obtained from questionnaires.METHODS： The study included a...AIM： To analyze the possible risk factors in the development of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis（SAC） through an evaluation of skin allergy tests and data obtained from questionnaires.METHODS： The study included a total of 75 SAC patients and 71 control subjects without SAC diagnosis who were admitted to the Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty Ophthalmology Clinic between March 2016 and December 2016. Skin prick tests were performed for all participants. Serum levels of total IgE and 25-OH vitamin D were also measured. In the tear, total IgE levels were measured. Moreover, possible risk factors for the onset of SAC（smoking, paracetamol exposure, vitamin D supplementation and environmental factors etc.） were examined for all patients by both prenatal and postnatal aspects.RESULTS： The patients with SAC were found to have a history of maternal paracetamol exposure during the prenatal period. Likewise, in the same patient group, the duration of postnatal vitamin D supplementation was shorter（P〈0.001）. However, no significant correlation was found between SAC and maternal antibiotic exposure, maternal smoking, the mode of delivery and birth weight, as well as presence of pets. Moreover, patients with SAC were more likely to have asthma, allergic rhinitis and oral allergy syndrome. We have also found that SAC patients＇ mothers and siblings were more likely to have allergic conjunctivitis. Likewise, their fathers were more likely to have allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION： Prenatal maternal paracetamol exposure and shorter duration of vitamin D supplementation in the postnatal period may play a role in development of SAC. Therefore prevention of unnecessary gestational paracetamol intake and vitamin D supplementation during infancy could potentially reduce the onset and development of SAC.展开更多
This paper introduces the curative effects on 142 cases (278 eyes) of African epi-demic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis treated by acupuncture, and 128 (90. 1%) cases (250 eyes) of allpatients have been improved. Three gro...This paper introduces the curative effects on 142 cases (278 eyes) of African epi-demic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis treated by acupuncture, and 128 (90. 1%) cases (250 eyes) of allpatients have been improved. Three groups were clinically observed in the present report. There were55 cases (104 eyes) in the first group for body acupuncture, of which 46 (83. 6%) cases were effec-tively treated; In the second group for auricular acupuncture, 34 (91. 6% ) cases (68 eyes) out of 37cases (74 eyes) were improved; There were 50 cases (100 eyes) in the third group for boyauricular-acupuncture, among which 48 (96. 0%) cases (96 eyes) were improved. The curative effects of thethird group were better than those of the other two groups.展开更多
Dear Editor,Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms(DRESS)syndrome is a drug reaction featuring high fever,eosinophilia,skin rashes,and multi-organ involvement that may be fatal.Ocular manifestations,includi...Dear Editor,Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms(DRESS)syndrome is a drug reaction featuring high fever,eosinophilia,skin rashes,and multi-organ involvement that may be fatal.Ocular manifestations,including cicatrizing conjunctivitis,corneal infiltration,and anterior uveitis,are rarely reported[1-6]but may cause serious complications if untreated.Therefore,it is important to diagnose DRESS syndrome in patients with ocular features promptly with appropriate treatment.This article reports a case diagnosed with DRESS syndrome associated with pseudomembranous conjunctivitis secondary to carfilzomib.展开更多
Although ocular itch in allergic conjunctivitis(ACJ)is conventionally thought to result from proinflammation mediators,especially released by mast cells,the unsatisfying effect of anti-histamine strategy indicates tha...Although ocular itch in allergic conjunctivitis(ACJ)is conventionally thought to result from proinflammation mediators,especially released by mast cells,the unsatisfying effect of anti-histamine strategy indicates that ocular itch and conjunctival inflammation are at least partially uncoupled.Here we showed that FceRI,an immune receptor for IgE immune complex(IgE-IC),was expressed in a subpopulation of conjunctivitis sensory neurons and IgG-IC directly activated these neurons to evoke acute ocular itch without obvious concurrent inflammation and mast cells activation for naive mice.These effects were diminished in both global and MrgprA3+neuron-specific Fcer1-knockout mice,but not in mast cell deficient mice.展开更多
Coagulase-negative staphylococcus(C-NS)are regarded as normal flora of the lids and conjunctiva.The ability of these organisms to cause conjunctivitis and blepharitis can be overlooked or disregarded.To elucidate the ...Coagulase-negative staphylococcus(C-NS)are regarded as normal flora of the lids and conjunctiva.The ability of these organisms to cause conjunctivitis and blepharitis can be overlooked or disregarded.To elucidate the role of individual C-NS species in these eye diseases we compared Staphylococcus sp.isolated from the conjunctiva and lids of 50 healthy volunteers with 248 strains of Staphylococcus isolated from patients with staphylococcal conjunctivitis or blepharitis.S.epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated from the conjunctiva and lids of both groups.S.aureus was isolated only from infected patients.No individual C-NS species was found to be significantly associated with eye disease,but the colony count of C-NS after isolation was a useful indicator of conjunctivitis and blepharitis.The ability of Staphylococcus to ferment mannitol or mannose was associated with isolates only from infected patients.展开更多
基金supported by Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number(PNURSP2025R899)Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabiasupported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia(KFU252831)。
文摘This study investigates the transmission dynamics of conjunctivitis using stochastic delay differential equations(SDDEs).A delayed stochastic model is formulated by dividing the population into five distinct compartments:susceptible,exposed,infected,environmental irritants,and recovered individuals.The model undergoes thorough analytical examination,addressing key dynamical properties including positivity,boundedness,existence,and uniqueness of solutions.Local and global stability around the equilibrium points is studied with respect to the basic reproduction number.The existence of a unique global positive solution for the stochastic delayed model is established.In addition,a stochastic nonstandard finite difference scheme is developed,which is shown to be dynamically consistent and convergent toward the equilibrium states.The scheme preserves the essential qualitative features of the model and demonstrates improved performance when compared to existing numerical methods.Finally,the impact of time delays and stochastic fluctuations on the susceptible and infected populations is analyzed.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Zhejiang Province(No.LGD22H120002).
文摘AIM:To investigate the factors influencing meibomian gland atrophy(MGA)in children with allergic conjunctivitis(AC).METHODS:In this cross-sectional study,60 children with AC aged 6-17y and 20 age-matched children without signs or symptoms of ocular surface dysfunction were included.Information on the duration of AC,untreated time,electronic screen time(EST),outdoor exercise time,body mass index(BMI),and frequency of eye rubbing was collected using a health history form.The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness(SPEED)score was used for dry eye assessment.Images of the meibomian glands(MGs)were obtained using Keratograph 5M,and the rate of meibomian gland atrophy(MGAR)was calculated using Image J.All subjects underwent routine eye examinations.RESULTS:The average age of the AC group was 10.43±2.75y(range 6-17y)and 10.35±3.42y(range 6-14y)in the control group.The MGAR in the AC group was 33.42%±11.91%,significantly higher than that in the control group(18.10%±11.74%,P<0.001).Moreover,the MGAR in younger children(aged 12 and below)was significantly higher than in older children(P<0.05).Multi-factor linear regression analysis revealed that EST non-projector was a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.332,95%CI 0.04-0.22,P=0.004),while outdoor exercise time was a protective factor against MGAR(β=-0.407,95%CI-0.39 to-0.10,P=0.001).The untreated time of AC was identified as a risk factor for MGAR(β=0.24,95%CI 0.07-1.98,P=0.037),and the frequency of eye rubbing was associated with MG distortion score(P=0.00).CONCLUSION:Children with AC exhibit exacerbate MGA,with the degree of atrophy worsening as the untreated time of AC prolongs.Children under 12 years old show a higher MGAR,and EST non-projector negatively impacts MGA,while increased outdoor exercise time acts as a protective factor against MGA.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the incidence of acute atopic conjunctivitis in the port environment. Methods: This is a descriptive, retrospective study involving 365 worker patients from the Port of Santos and 365 patients not related with port activities (control group). All patients were seen at the same private hospital in the city of Santos. Data were obtained by reviewing the electronic medical records of each patient related to the admission exam (initial) and to any assistance due to ocular allergic symptoms (red eyes) between 2019 and 2021. The analyzed data included age, sex, port section (port workers), refraction, time of symptom onset, disease history, treatment, and clinical outcome. Data were statistically assessed by the Chi-square test. Results: All patents were male. The mean age (34 ± 12 vs 35 ± 11 years) and the prevalence of refractive errors were similar between groups. In contrast, ocular allergic symptoms were significantly higher in group of port workers (34%) compared with non-port workers (17%), p < 0.0001. Likewise, episodes related to ocular allergy were more frequent in port workers, p < 0.05. Workers with activities related to bulk handling were the most affected. Conclusions: The incidence of acute allergic conjunctivitis in port workers requires attention from health authorities. This may lead to prevention and a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease.
文摘AIM: To demonstrate the effects of two different types of allergic conjunctivitis on severity of keratoconus (KC). ·METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 171 KC patients referred between June 2010 and June 2011. The KC patients were divided into 3 groups as KC (group A), KC with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) (group B) and KC with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) (group C). Main outcome measures were demographic and ocular clinical features including age at presentation, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean keratometric measurement (Km), central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP). Groups were compared in term of study variables. · RESULTS: The median age at presentation was significantly lower in group B (P 【0.001). According to the median SE (P =0.003), BCVA(P =0.022), Km(P 【0.001), CCT (P =0.015) and Amsler-Krumeich classification (P 【 0.001), KC was more severe in group B. There was no significant difference in terms of IOP and corrected IOP among the groups (P =0.44), however there were 4 patients who had increased corrected IOP developed after topical corticosteroid use in group B. The differences among the groups persisted even after controlling for age and gender. · CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrated a more severe KC in VKC patients despite their younger age which suggests evaluation of VKC patients as a separate group in keratoconus disease.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis, the management modalities, as well as the incidence of subepithelial corneal infiltrates(SEI).METHODS: Patients with characteristic clinical symptoms and signs, who presented to our clinic within the first week of symptoms and received the diagnosis of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis between January 2013 and April 2016, were included in the study. A total of 211 patients were included in the study. Patients were evaluated for the incidence of clinical signs, late complications, management preferences, and the effect of diluted povidone-iodine(d-PVP-I) 2%. RESULTS: Patients’ mean age was 33.03±14.76 y. We observed an increase in the number of cases according to the years. At presentation and/or early follow-up, the clinical signs were conjunctival hyperemia(100%), conjunctival follicules(79.1%), edema of the eyelids(39.3%), chemosis(16.1%), pseudomembrane formation(16.6%), and corneal epitheliopathy(29.9%). During late follow-up 13.3% patients developed conjunctival subepithelial fibrosis, and 39.8% developed SEI. A significant decrease in the incidence of SEI development was observed in patients who used d-PVP-I 2%(P=0.032;33.3% vs 45.9%, respectively in patients who received d-PVP-I 2% and who did not).CONCLUSION: Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis has a tremendous effect on patient’s comfort and abilities in short-term. Additionally, almost half of the patients develop visual problems related to SEI. According to our clinical experience, using d-PVP-I 2% in the first days of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis might be helpful in reducing the risk of SEI as a complication.
文摘Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of bloodletting at Erjian（耳尖EX- HN 6） combined with traditional Chinese herbal medication （heat-clearing I recipe） ultrasonic atomization in treatment of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis （fulminant wind and invading fever）. Method One hundred and twenty- two patients （244 eyes） were randomly divided into 3 groups. In group A （40 cases, 80 eyes）, levofloxacin hydrochloride eye drops were administrated for four times per day; in group B （42 cases, 84 eyes）, ＂heat-clearing I recipe＂ ultrasonic atomization was applied for twice per day with 20 rain for each time; and in group C （40 cases, 80 eyes）, bloodletting at EX-HN 6 was applied before ultrasonic atomization on the first 3 days of treatment, with once per day. Result （1） The total effective rate of group C was 100.00% which was significantly superior to 88.75% in group A （P〈0.05）; （2） the average course of treatment of clinical cured patients of group C was significantly shorter than those of group A and group B （P〈0.05）. Conclusion It is indicated from this study that ＂heat-clearing I recipe＂ ultrasonic atomization combined with bloodletting at EX-HN 6 in treatment of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis （fulminant wind and invading fever） have definite efficacy, its clinical efficacy is significantly superior to traditional levofloxacin treatment, and its course of treatment is obviously shorter than that of simple traditional Chinese medicine ultrasonic atomization. Cold ultrasonic atomization can effectively relieve local burning sensation, obviously relieve reddening and swelling and heat pain of patients, and ease subjective discomfort and emotional tension of patients.
文摘The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic instrument in vitro . The content of T cell subsets of peripheral blood and cytokine were determined by using indirect immune fluorescence method, and IL 4 and INF γ were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that the level of total IgE was substantially reduced ( P <0.01) after treatment in the BCG PSN group. Meanwhile, CD + 8 was decreased, CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio elevated with significant differences ( P <0.05) as compared with pre treatment results. The changes in total IgE, CD + 8 ,CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio after treatment also presented significant differences ( P <0.05) between BCG PSN group and routine treatment group. The level of IL 4 in serum declined ( P <0.05) after treatment in the BCG PSN group, and INF γ went up ( P <0 05). IL 4 and INF γ in serum showed significant differences ( P <0.05) between two groups after treatment. It is concluded that BCG PSN has a bi directional immunoregulating effect. It can bring CD + 4 and CD + 8 into homeostasis, thereby preventing the occurrence of anaphylaxis. At the same time, BCG PSN can restrain Th 2, decrease the synthesis of IL 4, switch the balance of Th l/Th 2 to Th 1 side, boost up the predominance of Th 1 relatively, which is propitious to perennial stabilization and recovery of vernal conjunctivitis.
基金A grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology
文摘AIM: To assess the efficacy of topical Semaphorin 3A(SEMA3A) in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS: Experimental allergic conjunctivitis(EAC)mice model induced by short ragweed pollen(SRW) in 4-week-old of BALB/c mice, mice were evaluated using haematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining, immunofluor-escence and light microscope photographs. Early phase took the samples in 24 h after instillation and late phase took the samples between 4 to 14 d after the start of treatment. The study use of topical SEMA3A(10 U, 100 U,1000 U) eye drops and subconjunctival injection of SEMA3 A with same concentration. For comparison, five types of allergy eyedrops were quantified using clinical characteristics.· RESULTS: Clinical score of composite ocular symptoms of the mice treated with SEMA3 A were significantly decreased both in the immediate phase and the late phase compared to those treated with commercial ophthalmic formulations and non-treatment mice. SEMA3 A treatment attenuates infiltration of eosinophils entering into conjunctiva in EAC mice. The score of eosinophil infiltration in the conjunctiva of SEMA3 A 1000 U-treated group were significantly lower than low-concentration of SEMA3 A treated groups and non-treated group. SEMA3 A treatment also suppressed T-cell proliferation in vitro and decreased serum total Ig E levels in EAC mice. Moreover, treatment of SEMA3 A suppressed Th2-related cytokines(IL-5, IL-13 and IL-4)and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IFN-γ, IL-17 and TNF-α)release, but increased regulatory cytokine IL-10 concentration in the conjunctiva of EAC mice.CONCLUSION: SEMA3 A as a biological agent, showed the beneficial activity in ocular allergic processes with the less damage to the intraocular tissue. It is expected that SEMA3 A may be contributed in patients with a more severe spectrum of refractory ocular allergic diseases including allergic conjunctivitis in the near future.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis.METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE Web of Science, Cochrane Central Database and CNKI was undertaken for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing besifloxacin with other treatments or placebo. The primary outcome measures were clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, and bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens. Safety outcomes were the number of adverse effects(AEs). The final search was performed on August 2018.RESULTS: Eight RCTs were included. Five studies compared the efficacy and safety of besifloxacin with placebo, 2 studies compared besifloxacin with moxifloxacin, and 1 study compared besifloxacin with gatifloxacin. A total of 3105 patients met the inclusion criteria. Besifloxacin presented higher efficacy and safety than did placebo in clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens and the number of AEs. There was no significant difference between besifloxacin and moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin in the comparison items mentioned above.CONCLUSION: Besifloxacin is highly effective and safe for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Further comparative trials regarding the effect of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis will aid in treatment decisions.
基金Supported by the Provincial Innovation Team for Cataract and Ocular Fundus Disease in the Second People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province(No.2017HC010)the Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province for the Prevention and Treatment of Ophthalmology(No.2017DG008)Expert Workstation of Yao Ke(No.2017IC064)。
文摘AIM:To investigate the feasibility and mechanism of immune tolerance in allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS:The allergic conjunctivitis immune tolerance mice model was established by ragweed pollen(RW)and the related cytokines were detected.The mice were divided into 9 groups and the maslinic acid(MA)or PBS were given for different group after modeling.The expression levels of chemokine ligand 5(CCL5)and P-65 in the conjunctival tissue were analyzed by immunohistochemistry,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(q RT-PCR)and Western blot.The percentage of interleukin-17(IL-17)and CD4+CD25+in the splenocyte supernatant was analyzed by flow cytometry.Fur thermore,the serum and splenocyte supernatant concentration of total-IgE,interleukin-10(IL-10),and IL-17 was analyzed by enzyme linked immune response(ELISA).RESULTS:After the model was established,symptoms of conjunctivitis were alleviated,the level of P-65,CCL5,IL-17,and total-IgE was raised,while the expression of IL-10,CD4+CD25+was decreased.This result fully demonstrated that a typical IL-17/regulatory-T-cells(Treg cells)imbalance and NF-κB activation.When the NF-κB signal pathway was suppressed,it showed that there was a further relief of conjunctivitis in mice.At the same time,the expression of total-IgE,IL-17,and CCL5 was decreased and the expression of anti-inflammatory factor(IL-10,CD4+CD25+)was increased.CONCLUSION:In the state of immune tolerance,symptoms of conjunctivitis in mice are alleviated,the Th-17 cells of allergic conjunctivitis mice are inhibited,and Treg cells activity is enhanced.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Major project of China(Project No.2017ZX10104001)the National key research and development project(Project No.2021YFC0863000)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Project No.L192014)。
文摘Coxsackievirus A24 variant(CVA24v)is a major pathogen that causes continued outbreaks and pandemics of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC).In China,the first confirmed outbreak of CVA24v-related AHC occurred in Beijing in 1988,followed by another two significant outbreaks respectively in 1994 and 2007,which coincides with the three-stage dynamic distribution of AHC in the world after 1970s.To illustrate the genetic characteristics of CVA24v in different periods,a total of 23 strains were isolated from those three outbreaks and the whole genome of those isolations were sequenced and analyzed.Compared with the prototype strain,the 23 strains shared four nucleotide deletions in the 5'UTR except the 0744 strain isolated in 2007.And at the 98th site,one nucleotide insertion was found in all the strains collected from 2007.From 1994 to 2007,amino acid polarity in the VP1 region at the 25th and the 32nd site were changed.Both the 3C and VP1 phylogenetic tree indicated that isolates from 1988 and 1994 belonged to Genotype III(GIII),and 2007 strains to Genotype IV(GIV).According to the Bayesian analysis based on complete genome sequence,the most recent common ancestors for the isolates in1988,1994 and 2007 were respectively estimated around October 1987,February 1993 and December 2004.The evolutionary rate of the CVA24v was estimated to be 7.45×10^(-3) substitutions/site/year.Our study indicated that the early epidemic of CVA24v in Chinese mainland was the GIII.Point mutations and amino acid changes in different genotypes of CVA24v may generate intensity differences of the AHC outbreak.CVA24v has been evolving constantly with a relatively rapid rate.
文摘AIM:To detect the quantitative expression levels of the pro-inflammatory interleukin-8(IL8),antimicrobial peptides human beta defense-2(HBD2),and human beta defense-3(HBD3)genes in bacterial conjunctivitis.METHODS:The human conjunctival epithelial cells were obtained using the impression cytology technique from healthy controls and patients.The genes expression levels were determined utilizing a reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-q PCR).The contribution of causative agent type,the number of isolates and severity of clinical features,in the increase of genes expression was also determined.RESULTS:The RT-q PCR showed that IL8,HBD2,and HBD3 expression increased in bacterial conjunctivitis as compared to healthy control(P<0.001).In gram-negative bacterial conjunctivitis,HBD2 was highly up-regulated(P<0.001)compared to other types of bacterial conjunctivitis.In mixed bacterial conjunctivitis,a direct correlation between HBD2 up-regulation and HBD3 up-regulation was observed(P<0.05).The severity of clinical features was related to the up-regulation of IL8 and HBD2(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:IL8,HBD2,and HBD3 are immuneeffectors in infectious conjunctivitis.HBD2 is active during different bacterial conjunctivitis but is more released with gram-negative bacteria compared to gram-positive bacteria.HBD3 is an obvious defender in different bacterial conjunctivitis.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubM ed, EMBASE Web of Science, Cochrane Central Database and CNKI was undertaken for randomized controlled trials(RCTs) comparing besifloxacin with other treatments or placebo. The primary outcome measures were clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, and bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens. Safety outcomes were the number of adverse effects(AEs). The final search was performed on August 2018. RESULTS: Six RCTs were included. Four studies compared the efficacy and safety of besifloxacin with placebo, 1 study compared besifloxacin with moxifloxacin, and 1 study compared besifloxacin with gatifloxacin. A total of 2780 patients met the inclusion criteria. Besifloxacin presented higher efficacy and safety than did placebo in clinical resolution, rates of bacterial eradication, individual clinical outcomes, cure rates, bacterial eradication rates of different kinds of pathogens and the number of AEs. There was no significant difference between besifloxacin and moxifloxacin or gatifloxacin in the comparison items mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Besifloxacin is highly effective and safe for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis. Further comparative trials regarding the effect of besifloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial conjunctivitis will aid in treatment decisions.
文摘Objective： To assess the relationship between allergic conjunctivitis（AC） and allergic rhinitis（AR） in pediatric ophthalmology and E.N.T outpatient clinic. Methods：Eight hundred and ninety two patients were enrolled in survey during Mar. 2005-Jan. 2007, 407 allergic conjunctivitis cases were placed in the ophthalmology clinic group and 485 allergic rhinitis cases were from the E.N.T clinic. The comorbid disorders, histories, symptoms, signs of patients were recorded. Type 1 allergy was tested in 479 cases by a specific IgE antibody blood test. Eosinophils were detected in superficial conjunctival scrapings of the superior tarsal conjunctiva and mucosa surface scrapings of middle nasal meatus in 88 cases with both diseases. Results：302（74%）, 374（92%）, 116（29%） in 407 cases with allergic conjunctivitis had concomitant eczema, rhinitis and asthma, respectively; 334（69%）, 430（89%）, 145（30%） in 485 cases with allergic rhinitis had concomitant eczema, allergic conjunctivitis and asthma, respectively. The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis concomitant allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis concomitant allergic conjunctivitis had no significant difference（x2=2,6, P 〉 0.05）. The prevalence of allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis concomitant eczema and asthma also had no significant difference （x2=3.08; x2=0.21, P 〉 0.05）. The degree of severity of two kinds of disease symptoms is not parallel, in the patients with seasonal allergic conjuctivitis（SAC） and perennial allergic conjunctivitis（PAC）, the clinical signs of AR were always severer（x2=258.2, P 〈 0.05） than those of AC. However, the results coincided with the cases with vernal keratoconjuctivitis（VKC）（x2=66.5, P 〈 0.05）; Eosinophils were revealed in 50（57%） conjunctival scrapings and nasal mucosa scrapings（x2=1.5, P〉 0.05）, 47（53%） cases had positive results in both scrapings. The main aeroallergens were house dust mites, house dust and fungi, and the main food-allergens were fish, crab and shrimp. Conclusion：The two disorders were shown to share more similarities than differences, as suggested that allergic conjunctivitis should be considered in future guidelines on preventing the development of rhinitis and asthma in children.
文摘AIM:To assess the efficacy of ketotifen in treating allergic conjunctivitis.METHODS:A systematic search of systematic reviews and Meta-analyses was conducted on the Pub Med and Web Science of Science until October 2021 to address this knowledge gap.Mean difference with 95%CI and P values were used to assess the efficacy of ketotifen.The heterogeneity(I^(2))was used to evaluate the impact of heterogeneity.RESULTS:Eight randomized controlled trials(RCTs)involving 1589 patients were included in this Meta-analysis.The results revealed that after treating with ketotifen,itching(MD=-0.91,95%CI:-1.63 to-0.20,I^(2)=94%,P=0.01),tearing(MD=-0.40,95%CI:-0.61 to-0.18,I^(2)=75%,P=0.0003)and total signs and symptoms(MD=-0.85,95%CI:-1.12 to-0.58,I2=0,P<0.00001)showed better benefit effect compared to the placebo group.CONCLUSION:Topical ketotifen is an effective treatment for patients with allergic conjunctivitis.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project Unit of Abant Izzet Baysal University(Project No.:BAP-2016.08.13.1057)
文摘AIM： To analyze the possible risk factors in the development of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis（SAC） through an evaluation of skin allergy tests and data obtained from questionnaires.METHODS： The study included a total of 75 SAC patients and 71 control subjects without SAC diagnosis who were admitted to the Abant Izzet Baysal University Medical Faculty Ophthalmology Clinic between March 2016 and December 2016. Skin prick tests were performed for all participants. Serum levels of total IgE and 25-OH vitamin D were also measured. In the tear, total IgE levels were measured. Moreover, possible risk factors for the onset of SAC（smoking, paracetamol exposure, vitamin D supplementation and environmental factors etc.） were examined for all patients by both prenatal and postnatal aspects.RESULTS： The patients with SAC were found to have a history of maternal paracetamol exposure during the prenatal period. Likewise, in the same patient group, the duration of postnatal vitamin D supplementation was shorter（P〈0.001）. However, no significant correlation was found between SAC and maternal antibiotic exposure, maternal smoking, the mode of delivery and birth weight, as well as presence of pets. Moreover, patients with SAC were more likely to have asthma, allergic rhinitis and oral allergy syndrome. We have also found that SAC patients＇ mothers and siblings were more likely to have allergic conjunctivitis. Likewise, their fathers were more likely to have allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION： Prenatal maternal paracetamol exposure and shorter duration of vitamin D supplementation in the postnatal period may play a role in development of SAC. Therefore prevention of unnecessary gestational paracetamol intake and vitamin D supplementation during infancy could potentially reduce the onset and development of SAC.
文摘This paper introduces the curative effects on 142 cases (278 eyes) of African epi-demic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis treated by acupuncture, and 128 (90. 1%) cases (250 eyes) of allpatients have been improved. Three groups were clinically observed in the present report. There were55 cases (104 eyes) in the first group for body acupuncture, of which 46 (83. 6%) cases were effec-tively treated; In the second group for auricular acupuncture, 34 (91. 6% ) cases (68 eyes) out of 37cases (74 eyes) were improved; There were 50 cases (100 eyes) in the third group for boyauricular-acupuncture, among which 48 (96. 0%) cases (96 eyes) were improved. The curative effects of thethird group were better than those of the other two groups.
基金Supported by the SNUBH Research Fund(No.13-2020-007)TRC Research Grant of the Korea University Medicine and Korea Institute of Science and Technology and Korea University Ansan Hospital grant,by Korea University grants(No.K1625491,No.K1722121,No.K1811051,No.K1913161,No.K2010921)+3 种基金the Korea Medical Device Development Fund grant funded by the Korea government(the Ministry of Science and ICT,the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy,the Ministry of Health&Welfare,the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)(No.1711174253,RS-2020-KD000296)Korea Environment Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through Technology Development Project for Safety Management of Household Chemical Products,funded by Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(No.2020002960007,NTIS-1485018521)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(NRF-2021R1F1A1062017)the Technology Development Program(S3127902,S3305836)funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS,Korea)。
文摘Dear Editor,Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms(DRESS)syndrome is a drug reaction featuring high fever,eosinophilia,skin rashes,and multi-organ involvement that may be fatal.Ocular manifestations,including cicatrizing conjunctivitis,corneal infiltration,and anterior uveitis,are rarely reported[1-6]but may cause serious complications if untreated.Therefore,it is important to diagnose DRESS syndrome in patients with ocular features promptly with appropriate treatment.This article reports a case diagnosed with DRESS syndrome associated with pseudomembranous conjunctivitis secondary to carfilzomib.
文摘Although ocular itch in allergic conjunctivitis(ACJ)is conventionally thought to result from proinflammation mediators,especially released by mast cells,the unsatisfying effect of anti-histamine strategy indicates that ocular itch and conjunctival inflammation are at least partially uncoupled.Here we showed that FceRI,an immune receptor for IgE immune complex(IgE-IC),was expressed in a subpopulation of conjunctivitis sensory neurons and IgG-IC directly activated these neurons to evoke acute ocular itch without obvious concurrent inflammation and mast cells activation for naive mice.These effects were diminished in both global and MrgprA3+neuron-specific Fcer1-knockout mice,but not in mast cell deficient mice.
文摘Coagulase-negative staphylococcus(C-NS)are regarded as normal flora of the lids and conjunctiva.The ability of these organisms to cause conjunctivitis and blepharitis can be overlooked or disregarded.To elucidate the role of individual C-NS species in these eye diseases we compared Staphylococcus sp.isolated from the conjunctiva and lids of 50 healthy volunteers with 248 strains of Staphylococcus isolated from patients with staphylococcal conjunctivitis or blepharitis.S.epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated from the conjunctiva and lids of both groups.S.aureus was isolated only from infected patients.No individual C-NS species was found to be significantly associated with eye disease,but the colony count of C-NS after isolation was a useful indicator of conjunctivitis and blepharitis.The ability of Staphylococcus to ferment mannitol or mannose was associated with isolates only from infected patients.
