Rh(III)‐catalyzed C–H activation of N‐protected anilines and chemo‐divergent couplings with acroleins/enones have been realized for synthesis of three classes of heterocycles.The oxidative coupling of N‐pyridylan...Rh(III)‐catalyzed C–H activation of N‐protected anilines and chemo‐divergent couplings with acroleins/enones have been realized for synthesis of three classes of heterocycles.The oxidative coupling of N‐pyridylaniline afforded dihydroquinolones with the acrolein being a major hydrogen acceptor.When the directing group was replaced by pyrimidyl in the same system,redox‐neutral coupling occurred to afford hemiaminal ethers.Oxidative annulation of N‐pyridylanilines with enones using AgBF4 oxidant afforded atropisomeric quinolinium salts.展开更多
The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with the...The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with their influences on geoengineering are complicated or unfortunately are overlooked, we should pay more attentions to internal features of rocks grades IV and V （even in local but mostly controlling zones）. With increasing attentions to the characteristics, mechanism and influences of engineering construction-triggered geohazards, it is crucial to fully understand the disturbance of these geohazards on project construction. A reasonable determination method in construction procedure, i.e. the shape of working face, the type of engineering support and the choice of feasible procedure, should be considered in order to mitigate the construction-triggered geohazards. Due to their high sensitivity to groundwater and in-situ stress, various UGBs exhibit hysteretic nature and failure modes. To give a complete understanding on the internal causes, the emphasis on advanced comprehensive geological forecasting and overall reinforcement treatment is therefore of more practical significance. Compre- hensive evaluation of influential factors, identification of UGB, and measures of discontinuity dynamic controlling comprises the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method. In a case of a cut slope, the variations of UGBs and the impacts of key environmental factors are presented, where more severe construction-triggered geohazards emerged in construction stage than those predicted in design and field investigation stages. As a result, the weight ratios of different influential factors with respect to field investigation, design and construction are obtained.展开更多
A novel variable displacement compressor (VDC) for automotive air conditioner (AAC) is introduced, which inherits the advantages of common wobble plate type VDC. It has fewer parts and makes less noise, and instead of...A novel variable displacement compressor (VDC) for automotive air conditioner (AAC) is introduced, which inherits the advantages of common wobble plate type VDC. It has fewer parts and makes less noise, and instead of pneumatic valve the displacement is controlled by electronic control valve. In order to know the control mechanism well and get a good control effect, a mathematical model for the variable displacement mechanism is developed according to the geometrical and kinematical information of the compressor. Using the model, the effect of relevant parameters on variable displace control is estimated. It is helpful to make the optimum decision in the flow control of AAC. As the novel displacement control device, the structure and control rule of electronic control valve is introduced. It can get better effect than the conventional pneumatic valves. And by using this new electronic control device, the optimum systemic control of AAC is available.展开更多
This paper proposes an event-triggered stochastic model predictive control for discrete-time linear time-invariant(LTI)systems under additive stochastic disturbances.It first constructs a probabilistic invariant set a...This paper proposes an event-triggered stochastic model predictive control for discrete-time linear time-invariant(LTI)systems under additive stochastic disturbances.It first constructs a probabilistic invariant set and a probabilistic reachable set based on the priori knowledge of system uncertainties.Assisted with enhanced robust tubes,the chance constraints are then formulated into a deterministic form.To alleviate the online computational burden,a novel event-triggered stochastic model predictive control is developed,where the triggering condition is designed based on the past and future optimal trajectory tracking errors in order to achieve a good trade-off between system resource utilization and control performance.Two triggering parametersσandγare used to adjust the frequency of solving the optimization problem.The probabilistic feasibility and stability of the system under the event-triggered mechanism are also examined.Finally,numerical studies on the control of a heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)system confirm the efficacy of the proposed control.展开更多
A one dimensional model is developed for defective gap mode（DGM）with two types of boundary conditions：conducting mesh and conducting sleeve.For a periodically modulated system without defect,the normalized width of...A one dimensional model is developed for defective gap mode（DGM）with two types of boundary conditions：conducting mesh and conducting sleeve.For a periodically modulated system without defect,the normalized width of spectral gaps equals to the modulation factor,which is consistent with previous studies.For a periodic system with local defects introduced by the boundary conditions,it shows that the conducting-mesh-induced DGM is always well confined by spectral gaps while the conducting-sleeve-induced DGM is not.The defect location can be a useful tool to dynamically control the frequency and spatial periodicity of DGM inside spectral gaps.This controllability can be potentially applied to the interaction between gap eigenmodes and energetic particles in fusion plasmas,and optical microcavities and waveguides in photonic crystals.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to analyze the meteorological epidemic factors for occurrence and prevalence of tobacco bacterial wilt （ Ralstonia solanaca- rum）, and to study control effects of different soil conditioner...[Objective] The paper was to analyze the meteorological epidemic factors for occurrence and prevalence of tobacco bacterial wilt （ Ralstonia solanaca- rum）, and to study control effects of different soil conditioners on the bacterial disease in Gacligongshan demonstration area of green, ecological, high quality tobac- co leaf production. [Method] The plots attacked by tobacco bacterial wilt over the years were selected and the incidence of the disease was periodically surveyed in tobacco growth period in 2012, 2103 and 2014, respectively. 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were counted according to the meteorological data, and the relationship between meteorological factors and disease index was analyzed. The control effects of three kinds of soil conditioners ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime on tobacco bacterial wilt were tested. [ Result] The analysis results of meteorological factors showed that 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were positively correlated to disease index. The variation curve of 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall reflected the change trend of disease index. The pH values were increased by 0.57, 0.50 and 0.72 respectively after applying ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime. The aver- age control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt were 60.74% -62. 18%, 53.05% -59.53%, and 48.59% -58.53%, respectively. [ Conclusion] 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall could be used as important reference for disease forecasting and controUing. The usage of soil conditioner has a certain preven- tion and control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt disease by forming soil conditions conducive to flue-cured tobacco growth but adverse to disease survival, which is an effective auxiliary method against the disease.展开更多
The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) plays an important role in the constrained delivery of electrical power from the source to an isolated pool of load or from a source to the grid. The proposed system can co...The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) plays an important role in the constrained delivery of electrical power from the source to an isolated pool of load or from a source to the grid. The proposed system can compensate voltage sag/swell, reactive power compensation and harmonics in the linear and nonlinear loads. In this work, the off line drained data from conventional fuzzy logic controller. A novel control system with a Combined Neural Network (CNN) is used instead of the traditionally four fuzzy logic controllers. The performance of combined neural network controller compared with Proportional Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The system performance is also verified experimentally.展开更多
A series connected power semiconductor array, with digital control capability could be used for developing single phase AC regulators or other applications such as AC electronic loads. This technique together with an ...A series connected power semiconductor array, with digital control capability could be used for developing single phase AC regulators or other applications such as AC electronic loads. This technique together with an ordinary gapless transformer could be used to develop a low cost AC voltage regulator (AVR) to provide better or comparable specifications with bulky ferro-resonant AVR types. One primary advantage of the technique is that digital control can be used to minimize harmonics. Commencing with a review of AC voltage regulator techniques for single phase power conditioning systems, an analysis and design aspects of this technique is presented with experimental results for AVRs. Guidelines on how to utilize the technique in a generalized basis is also summarized together with a summary of a technique for achieving harmonic control.展开更多
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(21525208,21472186)the fund for new technology of methanol conversion of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(Chinese Academy of Sciences)~~
文摘Rh(III)‐catalyzed C–H activation of N‐protected anilines and chemo‐divergent couplings with acroleins/enones have been realized for synthesis of three classes of heterocycles.The oxidative coupling of N‐pyridylaniline afforded dihydroquinolones with the acrolein being a major hydrogen acceptor.When the directing group was replaced by pyrimidyl in the same system,redox‐neutral coupling occurred to afford hemiaminal ethers.Oxidative annulation of N‐pyridylanilines with enones using AgBF4 oxidant afforded atropisomeric quinolinium salts.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41372324)support from the Chinese Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project under Grant No. 2010CB732001
文摘The new Austrian tunneling method （NATM） is widely applied in design and construction of underground engineering projects. When the type and distribution of unfavorable geological bodies （UGBs） associated with their influences on geoengineering are complicated or unfortunately are overlooked, we should pay more attentions to internal features of rocks grades IV and V （even in local but mostly controlling zones）. With increasing attentions to the characteristics, mechanism and influences of engineering construction-triggered geohazards, it is crucial to fully understand the disturbance of these geohazards on project construction. A reasonable determination method in construction procedure, i.e. the shape of working face, the type of engineering support and the choice of feasible procedure, should be considered in order to mitigate the construction-triggered geohazards. Due to their high sensitivity to groundwater and in-situ stress, various UGBs exhibit hysteretic nature and failure modes. To give a complete understanding on the internal causes, the emphasis on advanced comprehensive geological forecasting and overall reinforcement treatment is therefore of more practical significance. Compre- hensive evaluation of influential factors, identification of UGB, and measures of discontinuity dynamic controlling comprises the geoengineering condition evaluation and dynamic controlling method. In a case of a cut slope, the variations of UGBs and the impacts of key environmental factors are presented, where more severe construction-triggered geohazards emerged in construction stage than those predicted in design and field investigation stages. As a result, the weight ratios of different influential factors with respect to field investigation, design and construction are obtained.
文摘A novel variable displacement compressor (VDC) for automotive air conditioner (AAC) is introduced, which inherits the advantages of common wobble plate type VDC. It has fewer parts and makes less noise, and instead of pneumatic valve the displacement is controlled by electronic control valve. In order to know the control mechanism well and get a good control effect, a mathematical model for the variable displacement mechanism is developed according to the geometrical and kinematical information of the compressor. Using the model, the effect of relevant parameters on variable displace control is estimated. It is helpful to make the optimum decision in the flow control of AAC. As the novel displacement control device, the structure and control rule of electronic control valve is introduced. It can get better effect than the conventional pneumatic valves. And by using this new electronic control device, the optimum systemic control of AAC is available.
基金supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(62073194)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2023MF028)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202312008)
文摘This paper proposes an event-triggered stochastic model predictive control for discrete-time linear time-invariant(LTI)systems under additive stochastic disturbances.It first constructs a probabilistic invariant set and a probabilistic reachable set based on the priori knowledge of system uncertainties.Assisted with enhanced robust tubes,the chance constraints are then formulated into a deterministic form.To alleviate the online computational burden,a novel event-triggered stochastic model predictive control is developed,where the triggering condition is designed based on the past and future optimal trajectory tracking errors in order to achieve a good trade-off between system resource utilization and control performance.Two triggering parametersσandγare used to adjust the frequency of solving the optimization problem.The probabilistic feasibility and stability of the system under the event-triggered mechanism are also examined.Finally,numerical studies on the control of a heating,ventilation,and air conditioning(HVAC)system confirm the efficacy of the proposed control.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11405271)
文摘A one dimensional model is developed for defective gap mode（DGM）with two types of boundary conditions：conducting mesh and conducting sleeve.For a periodically modulated system without defect,the normalized width of spectral gaps equals to the modulation factor,which is consistent with previous studies.For a periodic system with local defects introduced by the boundary conditions,it shows that the conducting-mesh-induced DGM is always well confined by spectral gaps while the conducting-sleeve-induced DGM is not.The defect location can be a useful tool to dynamically control the frequency and spatial periodicity of DGM inside spectral gaps.This controllability can be potentially applied to the interaction between gap eigenmodes and energetic particles in fusion plasmas,and optical microcavities and waveguides in photonic crystals.
基金Supported by Key Science and Technology Project of China National Tobacco Corporation(110201202015)Science and Technology Project of Yunnan Tobacco Company(2012YN11)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to analyze the meteorological epidemic factors for occurrence and prevalence of tobacco bacterial wilt （ Ralstonia solanaca- rum）, and to study control effects of different soil conditioners on the bacterial disease in Gacligongshan demonstration area of green, ecological, high quality tobac- co leaf production. [Method] The plots attacked by tobacco bacterial wilt over the years were selected and the incidence of the disease was periodically surveyed in tobacco growth period in 2012, 2103 and 2014, respectively. 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were counted according to the meteorological data, and the relationship between meteorological factors and disease index was analyzed. The control effects of three kinds of soil conditioners ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime on tobacco bacterial wilt were tested. [ Result] The analysis results of meteorological factors showed that 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall were positively correlated to disease index. The variation curve of 10 d effective accumulated temperature and rainfall reflected the change trend of disease index. The pH values were increased by 0.57, 0.50 and 0.72 respectively after applying ＂Zhuanggenfeng＂, refined fulvic acid and lime. The aver- age control effects on tobacco bacterial wilt were 60.74% -62. 18%, 53.05% -59.53%, and 48.59% -58.53%, respectively. [ Conclusion] 10 d Effective accumulated temperature and rainfall could be used as important reference for disease forecasting and controUing. The usage of soil conditioner has a certain preven- tion and control effect on tobacco bacterial wilt disease by forming soil conditions conducive to flue-cured tobacco growth but adverse to disease survival, which is an effective auxiliary method against the disease.
文摘The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) plays an important role in the constrained delivery of electrical power from the source to an isolated pool of load or from a source to the grid. The proposed system can compensate voltage sag/swell, reactive power compensation and harmonics in the linear and nonlinear loads. In this work, the off line drained data from conventional fuzzy logic controller. A novel control system with a Combined Neural Network (CNN) is used instead of the traditionally four fuzzy logic controllers. The performance of combined neural network controller compared with Proportional Integral (PI) controller and Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The system performance is also verified experimentally.
文摘A series connected power semiconductor array, with digital control capability could be used for developing single phase AC regulators or other applications such as AC electronic loads. This technique together with an ordinary gapless transformer could be used to develop a low cost AC voltage regulator (AVR) to provide better or comparable specifications with bulky ferro-resonant AVR types. One primary advantage of the technique is that digital control can be used to minimize harmonics. Commencing with a review of AC voltage regulator techniques for single phase power conditioning systems, an analysis and design aspects of this technique is presented with experimental results for AVRs. Guidelines on how to utilize the technique in a generalized basis is also summarized together with a summary of a technique for achieving harmonic control.
