In this editorial,the authors of this paper comment on the article by Bokov et al published in the recent issue of World Journal of Orthopedics.We reviewed a general overview of oblique lumbar interbody fusions(OLIF)a...In this editorial,the authors of this paper comment on the article by Bokov et al published in the recent issue of World Journal of Orthopedics.We reviewed a general overview of oblique lumbar interbody fusions(OLIF)and lateral lumbar interbody fusions(LLIF),their indications and complications as an increasingly popular minimally invasive technique to address several lumbar pathologies.This editorial thoroughly discusses and reviews the literature regarding factors affecting outcomes of indirect decompression utilized through OLIF and LLIF procedures.Several parameters play a critical role in patient outcomes including restoration of disc height,foraminal height,central canal squared,and foraminal area.The indirect decompression allows for unbuckling of the ligamentum flavum which can significantly decompress the neural elements as well as aid in reduction of spondylolisthesis.However,the authors further highlight the limitations of indirect decompression and factors that may predict unsuccessful outcomes including bony foraminal stenosis,severe central canal stenosis,and osteoporosis.As a result,failure of indirect decompression can lead to persistent pain,radiculopathy and unsatisfied patients.Spinal surgeons may be left to reimage patients and consider additional procedures with direct decompression.展开更多
Ternary hydrides, with their superior chemical and structural flexibility over binary systems, open up new avenues for advancing high-performance superconductor research. The Y-Ca-H system is a promising candidate for...Ternary hydrides, with their superior chemical and structural flexibility over binary systems, open up new avenues for advancing high-performance superconductor research. The Y-Ca-H system is a promising candidate for high-temperature superconductors, as both Im3m YH_(6) and Im3m CaH_(6) exhibit similar structures and excellent superconducting properties, while Y and Ca atoms possess close atomic radii and electronegativities.Here, we report the successful synthesis of Im3m(Y, Ca)H_(6) achieving a maximum superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)) approximately 224 K at 155 GPa through five independent high-temperature and high-pressure experiments. Remarkably, the T_(c) of Im3m(Y, Ca)H_(6) remains highly stable(ΔT_(c) ≤ 1 K) during decompression between 148 and 165 GPa, significantly outperforming binary Im3m CaH_(6) and Im3m YH_(6). The enhanced superconducting properties may stem from the cooperative chemical template effect of Y and Ca atoms near the s-d border, which significantly reinforces H lattice stability and thus maintains superior superconductivity.This study highlights the potential of multicomponent cooperative effects in designing hydride superconductors,offering new insights for achieving high-T_(c) hydrides at lower pressures in the future.展开更多
Objective:Microvascular decompression(MVD)is the gold standard for treating drug-resistant classic trigeminal neuralgia(dcTN),with endoscopy enhancing surgical precision through improved visualization.This study evalu...Objective:Microvascular decompression(MVD)is the gold standard for treating drug-resistant classic trigeminal neuralgia(dcTN),with endoscopy enhancing surgical precision through improved visualization.This study evaluates the efficacy of fully endoscopic MVD for dcTN and presents our early experience.Methods:This retrospective study included patients with dcTN who underwent fully endoscopic MVD in the Department of Neurosurgery,the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2020 to February 2023.We recorded basic patient clinical information,clinical outcomes,offending vessels,complications,and recurrences,and assessed outcomes via the Barrow Neurological Institute(BNI)pain intensity score and the numeric rating scale(NRS)score.Results:All 42 patients had dcTN with preoperative BNI scores of V and NRS scores of 8e10.Endoscopic visualization enabled the precise identification of neurovascular conflicts,including small and deeply located vessels.Immediately after surgery,90.5%of patients achieved complete pain relief(BNI score of I,NRS score of 0).At the final follow-up,85.7%of patients had complete pain relief.All patients’pain was significantly relieved at immediate after surgery(0 vs.9,p<0.001)and at the final follow-up(0 vs.9,p<0.001),with lower NRS scores.Complications,including vertigo,headache,and transient facial numbness,occurred in 14.4%of patients and were manageable.展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction(ACPO)is defined as colonic obstruction without a mechanical or extrinsic inflammatory factor.Colonic decompression is advised for patients with ACPO after the failure of con...BACKGROUND Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction(ACPO)is defined as colonic obstruction without a mechanical or extrinsic inflammatory factor.Colonic decompression is advised for patients with ACPO after the failure of conservative and medical management.AIM To systematically review and analyze the efficacy and safety of colonoscopic decompression in ACPO.METHODS A search was conducted in MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Scopus from inception to August 2024.Studies reporting the clinical success,perforation,recurrence,and need for surgery after colonoscopic decompression in ACPO were included.A random-effects inverse-variance model was used to calculate the pooled proportion.RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in the final analysis.The pooled rates of success after the first session of colonoscopic decompression and overall success were 78.8%(95%CI:72.0-85.6)and 91.5%(95%CI:87.0-96.0),respectively.The first session of colonoscopic decompression had a significantly higher success than the first dose of neostigmine with OR 3.85(95%CI:2.00-7.42).The pooled incidence of perforation was 0.9%(95%CI:0.0-2.0),while recurrence was observed in 17.1%(95%CI:12.9-21.3)of the patients after clinical success.The pooled rates of surgery in all cases undergoing colonoscopic decompression and those who had a successful procedure were 10.5%(95%CI:5.0-15.9)and 3.7%(95%CI:0.3-7.1),respectively.Subgroup analysis,excluding the low-quality studies,did not significantly change the event rates.CONCLUSION Colonoscopic decompression for ACPO is associated with a clinical success rate of>90%with a perforation rate of<1%,demonstrating high efficacy and safety.展开更多
Endoscopic transnasal optic nerve decompression surgery plays a crucial role in minimal invasive treatment of complex traumatic optic neuropathy.However,a major challenge faced during the procedure is the inability to...Endoscopic transnasal optic nerve decompression surgery plays a crucial role in minimal invasive treatment of complex traumatic optic neuropathy.However,a major challenge faced during the procedure is the inability to visualize the optic nerve intraoperatively.To address this issue,an endoscopic image-based augmented reality surgical navigation system is developed in this study.The system aims to virtually fuse the optic nerve onto the endoscopic images,assisting surgeons in determining the optic nerve’s position and reducing surgical risks.First,a calibration algorithm based on a checkerboard grid of immobile points is proposed,building upon existing calibration methods.Additionally,to tackle accuracy issues associated with augmented reality technology,an optical navigation and visual fusion compensation algorithm is proposed to improve the intraoperative tracking accuracy.To evaluate the system’s performance,model experiments were meticulously designed and conducted.The results confirm the accuracy and stability of the proposed system,with an average tracking error of(0.99±0.46)mm.This outcome demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in improving the augmented reality surgical navigation system’s accuracy.Furthermore,the system successfully displays hidden optic nerves and other deep tissues,thus showcasing the promising potential for future applications in orbital and maxillofacial surgery.展开更多
Objective: Thorough, prompt enteral decompression technique without contamination was de- veloped to ensure safety for emergent colon resection and primary anastomosis. Methods: After isolating the mesentery, the “to...Objective: Thorough, prompt enteral decompression technique without contamination was de- veloped to ensure safety for emergent colon resection and primary anastomosis. Methods: After isolating the mesentery, the “to be resected colon segment” was cut at its lower end, then the proximal cut end was put into a plastic bag which was adhered to one side of the operating table. After releasing the clamp, the content could ?ow into this bag. The operator could squeeze the bowel with two hands by turns, from proximal to farness, and from small bowel to large bowel, until the entire bowel content was fully discharged. Then the upper end of this “to be resected colon segment” was cut, and was removed together with the plastic bag. Results: 31 cases of left colon cancer with acute obstruction were decompressed with this technique. They all recovered smoothly, without anastomosis ?stula. Another 6 cases of hepatic seg- mentectomy with incidental colonectomy were decompressed with this technique and had the same results. This technique was also used in di?erent kinds of acute small intestinal obstruction and gained satisfactory results. Conclusion: This technique could be considered as the preferable choice for intraoperative enteral decompression.展开更多
SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminu...SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams was investigated.The macro/micro-features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed.Results demonstrate that an appropriate increase in SiC content and the uniform distribution of SiC can improve the foaming stability,optimize the cell diameter and cell wall thickness,ameliorate the cell distribution,and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams.However,either insufficient or excessive SiC leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles,which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation.With 6wt%SiC,both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state,resulting in the highest compressive strength and optimal energy absorption capacity.展开更多
Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.Howev...Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.However,the increasing demand for higher resolution and real-time imaging results in significant data volume,limiting data storage,transmission and processing efficiency of system.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to compress the raw data without compromising image quality.This paper presents a photoacoustic-computed tomography 3D data compression method and system based on Wavelet-Transformer.This method is based on the cooperative compression framework that integrates wavelet hard coding with deep learning-based soft decoding.It combines the multiscale analysis capability of wavelet transforms with the global feature modeling advantage of Transformers,achieving high-quality data compression and reconstruction.Experimental results using k-wave simulation suggest that the proposed compression system has advantages under extreme compression conditions,achieving a raw data compression ratio of up to 1:40.Furthermore,three-dimensional data compression experiment using in vivo mouse demonstrated that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)values of reconstructed images reached 38.60 and 0.9583,effectively overcoming detail loss and artifacts introduced by raw data compression.All the results suggest that the proposed system can significantly reduce storage requirements and hardware cost,enhancing computational efficiency and image quality.These advantages support the development of photoacoustic-computed tomography toward higher efficiency,real-time performance and intelligent functionality.展开更多
Dear Editor,The letter proposes a tensor low-rank orthogonal compression(TLOC)model for a convolutional neural network(CNN),which facilitates its efficient and highly-accurate low-rank representation.Model compression...Dear Editor,The letter proposes a tensor low-rank orthogonal compression(TLOC)model for a convolutional neural network(CNN),which facilitates its efficient and highly-accurate low-rank representation.Model compression is crucial for deploying deep neural network(DNN)models on resource-constrained embedded devices.展开更多
To achieve the potential performance gain of massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems,base stations(BS)require downlink channel state information(CSI)fed back by users to execute beamforming design,especial...To achieve the potential performance gain of massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems,base stations(BS)require downlink channel state information(CSI)fed back by users to execute beamforming design,especially in the frequency division duplex(FDD)systems.However,due to the enormous number of antennas in massive MIMO systems,the feedback overhead of downlink CSI acquisition is extremely large.To address this issue,deep learning(DL)techniques have been introduced to de velop high-accuracy feedback strategies under limited backhaul constraints.In this paper,we provide an overview of DL-based CSI compression and feedback approaches in massive MIMO systems.Specifically,we introduce the conventional CSI compression and feedback schemes and the existing problems.Besides,we elaborate on various DL techniques employed in CSI compression from the perspective of network architecture and analyze the advantages of different techniques.We also enumerate the applications of DL-based methods for solving practical challenges in CSI compression and feedback.In addition,we brief the remaining issues in deep CSI compression and indicate potential directions in future wireless networks.展开更多
Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluat...Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.展开更多
An in-depth understanding of the behaviours of solid propellants under low-velocity impact loads is crucial for enhancing their safety in applications such as aerospace propulsion.This study investigated the dynamic r...An in-depth understanding of the behaviours of solid propellants under low-velocity impact loads is crucial for enhancing their safety in applications such as aerospace propulsion.This study investigated the dynamic responses of single ammonium perchlorate(AP)/octogen(HMX)particles embedded in a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)binder under dynamic compression loading via real-time synchrotron-based X-ray phase contrast imaging and a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system.The compression of the viscoelastic binder and subsequent dynamic fracturing of the AP/HMX particles were captured.During compression,transverse cracks developed within the AP particles,and their propagation led to particle fracturing,resulting in ductile fracturing.Unlike AP,HMX generated numerous short cracks within the internal and edge regions simultaneously,leading to fragmentation and brittle fracturing.Moreover,particle damage reduced the modulus of the sample,shifting its dynamic stress response from nonlinear elasticity to strain softening and further strain hardening as the binder exhibited plastic deformation.A compression simulation incorporating a real particle microscopic structure was established to study the mechanical response of the interface and particles.The simulation results agreed with the experimental observations.These results indicate that the shear stress at the HTPB-AP interface is greater than that at the HTPB-HMX interface,which is a factor influencing the differences in the mesoscale damage mechanisms of the particles.展开更多
Micropillar compression tests were used to investigate the influence of hydrogen on the deformation behavior and hydrogen embrittlement(HE)of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel QN_(2)109.Results indicate that...Micropillar compression tests were used to investigate the influence of hydrogen on the deformation behavior and hydrogen embrittlement(HE)of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel QN_(2)109.Results indicate that the hydrogen increases the dislocation density,reduces the yield stress,and accelerates the formation and intersection of slip bands,with hydrogen-induced cracks initiating at slip band intersections.X-ray diffraction confirms the absence of martensitic transformation,ruling out the role of martensitic transformation in HE.The micropillar compression technique is highly sensitive for characterizing hydrogen-material interactions,owing to the material’s low hydrogen diffusivity and the small size of its hydrogen-affected zone.These findings align with the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism.展开更多
The deformation and failure of coal walls in front of a working face cause significant difficulties during mining operations.This study reveals the nonuniform distribution of bearing pressure in front of coal walls ba...The deformation and failure of coal walls in front of a working face cause significant difficulties during mining operations.This study reveals the nonuniform distribution of bearing pressure in front of coal walls based on in situ monitoring data and numerical simulation.Therefore,an eccentric compression mechanical model was established to study the deformation and failure characteristics of a coal wall.The slenderness ratio of the compression bar is introduced to define coal walls.The results showed that instability failure occurs when λ>λ_(c) and material failure occurs when λ≤λ_(c).The instability failure-type coal wall spalling was related to the mining height,eccentricity of roof pressure,the horizontal force,and the reaction moment of the floor.The material failure-type coal wall spalling was related to the cohesion,the internal friction angle of the coal,the upper pressure,and the horizontal force of coal walls.Unstable and destructive coal wall peeling usually occurs at a height of 0.5–0.6 times the mining height,while material damage to coal wall peeling is determined to occur within the range of 0.4-0.6 times the mining depth.The findings contribute to the understanding of the deformation and failure of coal walls.展开更多
To investigate the damage evolution caused by stress-driven and sub-critical crack propagation within the Beishan granite under multi-creep triaxial compressive conditions,the distributed optical fiber sensing and X-r...To investigate the damage evolution caused by stress-driven and sub-critical crack propagation within the Beishan granite under multi-creep triaxial compressive conditions,the distributed optical fiber sensing and X-ray computed tomography were combined to obtain the strain distribution over the sample surface and internal fractures of the samples.The Gini and skewness(G-S)coefficients were used to quantify strain localization during tests,where the Gini coefficient reflects the degree of clustering of elements with high strain values,i.e.,strain localization/delocalization.The strain localization-induced asymmetry of data distribution is quantified by the skewness coefficient.A precursor to granite failure is defined by the rapid and simultaneous increase of the G-S coefficients,which are calculated from strain increment,giving an earlier warning of failure by about 8%peak stress than those from absolute strain values.Moreover,the process of damage accumulation due to stress-driven crack propagation in Beishan granite is different at various confining pressures as the stress exceeds the crack initiation stress.Concretely,strain localization is continuous until brittle failure at higher confining pressure,while both strain localization and delocalization occur at lower confining pressure.Despite the different stress conditions,a similar statistical characteristic of strain localization during the creep stage is observed.The Gini coefficient increases,and the skewness coefficient decreases slightly as the creep stress is below 95%peak stress.When the accelerated strain localization begins,the Gini and skewness coefficients increase rapidly and simultaneously.展开更多
In the field of rock engineering,the influence of water is a dynamic process that exhibits varying effects over time and across different locations.To further understand how water influences the mechanical properties ...In the field of rock engineering,the influence of water is a dynamic process that exhibits varying effects over time and across different locations.To further understand how water influences the mechanical properties and acoustic emission(AE)behavior of rocks,this study conducted uniaxial compression experiments on sandstones with varying degrees of wetting under both natural conditions and water-chemical environments.In addition,the study combined AE equipment with digital image correlation(DIC)to monitor the entire failure process.Using the sliding window algorithm,the variation in the variance of AE characteristic parameters during the process of sandstone loading to failure is analyzed from the perspective of critical slowing down.This analysis enables the effective identification of the early warning signal before failure.The experimental findings suggest that an increase in wetting height results in a gradual decrease in peak stress,accompanied by a concomitant increase in the percentage of shear cracks.The characteristic parameters,including energy,amplitude,and ringing count,all exhibit critical slowing phenomena.The waveform of AE characteristic parameters of the same sample is similar,and the mutation time of the precursor signal is roughly the same.All signals appear in the irreversible plastic deformation stage of microcrack initiation.The integration of critical slowing down theory and the b-value early warning method facilitates a more comprehensive evaluation of the stability of rock mass,thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency and safety of disaster prevention measures.展开更多
We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based im...We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based imaging with sub-micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution,supported by hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations,we reveal how return current density depends precisely on wire diameter,material properties,and incident laser energy.We identify deviations from simple theoretical predictions due to geometrically influenced electron escape dynamics.These results refine and confirm the scaling laws essential for predictive modeling in high-energy-density physics and inertial fusion research.展开更多
Objective:To observe the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/polylactide-co-glycolic acid(rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis.Methods:Bilateral femoral ...Objective:To observe the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/polylactide-co-glycolic acid(rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis.Methods:Bilateral femoral head necrosis models of rabbit were established by steroid injection.A total of 48 rabbits(96 femoral head necrosis) were randomly divided into 4groups:Group A,control group with12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Group B,treated with rhBMP-2/PLCA implantation after core depression,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Group C,treated with rhBMP-2 implantation after core depression,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Croup D treated with core depression group without implantation,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis.All animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks.The ability of repairing bone defect was evaluated by X-ray radiograph.Bone mineral density analysis of the defect regions were used to evaluate the level of ossification.The morphologic change and bone formation was assessed by HE staining.The angiogenesis was evaluated by VEGF immunohistochemistry.Results:The osteogenetic ability and quality of femoral head necrosis in group B were better than those of other groups after 12 weeks by X-ray radiograph and morphologic investigation.And the angiogenesis in group B was better than other groups.Group C had similar osteogenetic quality of femoral head necrosis and angiogenesis with group D.Conclusions:The treatment of rhBMP-2/PLCA implantation after core depression can promote the repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis.It is a promising and efficient synthetic bone material to treat the femoral head necrosis.展开更多
AIM: To report the effects of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(iv GC) and orbital decompression(OD) surgery for treatment of sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: A retrospective revie...AIM: To report the effects of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(iv GC) and orbital decompression(OD) surgery for treatment of sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from patients with sight-threatening TAO [definite or highly suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)] treated with iv GC(60 cases) and OD(25 cases) was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2001 and January 2009. Patients were initially treated with iv GC(iv GC group). If no significant improvement in visual function was obtained, they then received OD surgery(OD group). The pre-versus post-treatment efficacies of either iv GC or OD in these patients were assessed using several indices, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular alignment, ocular motility, and exophthalmos. RESULTS: Nighty-one eyes had definite DON while 79 were considered to have highly suspected DON. In the iv GC group, 51 individuals(85.0%) eventually demonstrated normal vision, while 10 patients(16.7%) demonstrated a reduction in deviation(P<0.01), and 35 cases(58.3%) showed slight improvements in ocular motility(P<0.01). In OD group, visual acuity improved in 24 cases(96.0%, P<0.01) and all patients showed varying reductions of exophthalmos(mean: 4.35±1.13 mm, P<0.01). Eight cases(32.0%) experienced an 8-15 PD reduction of deviation and ocular motility improved in 12 cases(48.0%), while 3 patients(12.0%) developed new-onset strabismus with diplopia post-surgically(P<0.01). Patients were followed up at an average of 1.55±1.07 y. CONCLUSION: Both iv GC and OD show good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of sight-threatening TAO. Thepresence of extremely poor eyesight(≥0.5 log MAR) was corrected in some patients with iv GC alone, thus sparing these patients from subsequent OD surgery. In patients who were refractory to steroids, subsequent OD surgery often provided satisfactory outcomes, however, new-onset strabismus with diplopia was observed in 12.0% of these cases.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and tolerance of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing surgery for colorectal carcinoma. METHODS： Three hundred and...AIM： To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and tolerance of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing surgery for colorectal carcinoma. METHODS： Three hundred and sixteen patients submitted to operations associated with colorectostorny from January 2004 to September 2005 were randomized to two groups： In experimental group （n = 161）, the nasogastric tube was removed after the operation from 12 to 24 hours and was promised immediately oral feeding; In control group （n = 155）, the nasogastric tube was maintained until the passage of flatus per rectum. Variables assessed included the time to first passage of flatus, the time to first passage of stool, the time elapsed postoperative stay, and postoperative complications such as anastornotic leakage, acute dilation of stomach, wound infection and dehiscense, fever, pulmonary infection and pharyngolaryngitis. RESULTS： The median and average days to the first passage of flatus （3.0±0.9 vs 3.6±1.2, P〈0.001）, the first passage of stool （4.1± 1.1 vs 4.8±1.4 P〈0.001） and the length of postoperative stay （8.4±3.4 vs 9.6±5.0, P〈0.05） were shorter in the experimental group than in the control group. The postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage （1.24% vs 2.58%）, acute dilation of stomach （1.86% vs 0.06%） and wound complications （2.48% vs 1.94%） were similar in the groups, but fever （3.73% vs 9.68%, P〈0.05）, pulmonary infection （0.62% vs 4.52%, P〈0.05） and pharyngolaryngitis （3.11% vs 23.23%, P〈0.001） were much more in the control group than in the experimental group. CONCLUSION： The present study shows that applicationof gastrointestinal decompression after colorectostomy can not effectively reduce postoperative complications. On the contrary, it may increase the incidence rate of fever, pharyngolaryngitis and pulmonary infection. These strategies of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing colorectostomy are feasible and safe and associated with reduced postoperative discomfort and can accelerate the return of bowel function and improve rehabilitation.展开更多
文摘In this editorial,the authors of this paper comment on the article by Bokov et al published in the recent issue of World Journal of Orthopedics.We reviewed a general overview of oblique lumbar interbody fusions(OLIF)and lateral lumbar interbody fusions(LLIF),their indications and complications as an increasingly popular minimally invasive technique to address several lumbar pathologies.This editorial thoroughly discusses and reviews the literature regarding factors affecting outcomes of indirect decompression utilized through OLIF and LLIF procedures.Several parameters play a critical role in patient outcomes including restoration of disc height,foraminal height,central canal squared,and foraminal area.The indirect decompression allows for unbuckling of the ligamentum flavum which can significantly decompress the neural elements as well as aid in reduction of spondylolisthesis.However,the authors further highlight the limitations of indirect decompression and factors that may predict unsuccessful outcomes including bony foraminal stenosis,severe central canal stenosis,and osteoporosis.As a result,failure of indirect decompression can lead to persistent pain,radiculopathy and unsatisfied patients.Spinal surgeons may be left to reimage patients and consider additional procedures with direct decompression.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No.2022YFA1405500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52372257)。
文摘Ternary hydrides, with their superior chemical and structural flexibility over binary systems, open up new avenues for advancing high-performance superconductor research. The Y-Ca-H system is a promising candidate for high-temperature superconductors, as both Im3m YH_(6) and Im3m CaH_(6) exhibit similar structures and excellent superconducting properties, while Y and Ca atoms possess close atomic radii and electronegativities.Here, we report the successful synthesis of Im3m(Y, Ca)H_(6) achieving a maximum superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)) approximately 224 K at 155 GPa through five independent high-temperature and high-pressure experiments. Remarkably, the T_(c) of Im3m(Y, Ca)H_(6) remains highly stable(ΔT_(c) ≤ 1 K) during decompression between 148 and 165 GPa, significantly outperforming binary Im3m CaH_(6) and Im3m YH_(6). The enhanced superconducting properties may stem from the cooperative chemical template effect of Y and Ca atoms near the s-d border, which significantly reinforces H lattice stability and thus maintains superior superconductivity.This study highlights the potential of multicomponent cooperative effects in designing hydride superconductors,offering new insights for achieving high-T_(c) hydrides at lower pressures in the future.
基金supported by financial assistance from the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LY18H160020.
文摘Objective:Microvascular decompression(MVD)is the gold standard for treating drug-resistant classic trigeminal neuralgia(dcTN),with endoscopy enhancing surgical precision through improved visualization.This study evaluates the efficacy of fully endoscopic MVD for dcTN and presents our early experience.Methods:This retrospective study included patients with dcTN who underwent fully endoscopic MVD in the Department of Neurosurgery,the First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2020 to February 2023.We recorded basic patient clinical information,clinical outcomes,offending vessels,complications,and recurrences,and assessed outcomes via the Barrow Neurological Institute(BNI)pain intensity score and the numeric rating scale(NRS)score.Results:All 42 patients had dcTN with preoperative BNI scores of V and NRS scores of 8e10.Endoscopic visualization enabled the precise identification of neurovascular conflicts,including small and deeply located vessels.Immediately after surgery,90.5%of patients achieved complete pain relief(BNI score of I,NRS score of 0).At the final follow-up,85.7%of patients had complete pain relief.All patients’pain was significantly relieved at immediate after surgery(0 vs.9,p<0.001)and at the final follow-up(0 vs.9,p<0.001),with lower NRS scores.Complications,including vertigo,headache,and transient facial numbness,occurred in 14.4%of patients and were manageable.
文摘BACKGROUND Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction(ACPO)is defined as colonic obstruction without a mechanical or extrinsic inflammatory factor.Colonic decompression is advised for patients with ACPO after the failure of conservative and medical management.AIM To systematically review and analyze the efficacy and safety of colonoscopic decompression in ACPO.METHODS A search was conducted in MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Scopus from inception to August 2024.Studies reporting the clinical success,perforation,recurrence,and need for surgery after colonoscopic decompression in ACPO were included.A random-effects inverse-variance model was used to calculate the pooled proportion.RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in the final analysis.The pooled rates of success after the first session of colonoscopic decompression and overall success were 78.8%(95%CI:72.0-85.6)and 91.5%(95%CI:87.0-96.0),respectively.The first session of colonoscopic decompression had a significantly higher success than the first dose of neostigmine with OR 3.85(95%CI:2.00-7.42).The pooled incidence of perforation was 0.9%(95%CI:0.0-2.0),while recurrence was observed in 17.1%(95%CI:12.9-21.3)of the patients after clinical success.The pooled rates of surgery in all cases undergoing colonoscopic decompression and those who had a successful procedure were 10.5%(95%CI:5.0-15.9)and 3.7%(95%CI:0.3-7.1),respectively.Subgroup analysis,excluding the low-quality studies,did not significantly change the event rates.CONCLUSION Colonoscopic decompression for ACPO is associated with a clinical success rate of>90%with a perforation rate of<1%,demonstrating high efficacy and safety.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82330063 and M-0019)the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Nos.YG2022QN056,YG2023ZD19,and YG2023ZD15)+2 种基金the Cross Disciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.JYJC202115)the Translation Clinical R&D Project of Medical Robot of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(No.IMR-NPH202002)the Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty,Shanghai Eye Disease Research Center(No.2022ZZ01003)。
文摘Endoscopic transnasal optic nerve decompression surgery plays a crucial role in minimal invasive treatment of complex traumatic optic neuropathy.However,a major challenge faced during the procedure is the inability to visualize the optic nerve intraoperatively.To address this issue,an endoscopic image-based augmented reality surgical navigation system is developed in this study.The system aims to virtually fuse the optic nerve onto the endoscopic images,assisting surgeons in determining the optic nerve’s position and reducing surgical risks.First,a calibration algorithm based on a checkerboard grid of immobile points is proposed,building upon existing calibration methods.Additionally,to tackle accuracy issues associated with augmented reality technology,an optical navigation and visual fusion compensation algorithm is proposed to improve the intraoperative tracking accuracy.To evaluate the system’s performance,model experiments were meticulously designed and conducted.The results confirm the accuracy and stability of the proposed system,with an average tracking error of(0.99±0.46)mm.This outcome demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in improving the augmented reality surgical navigation system’s accuracy.Furthermore,the system successfully displays hidden optic nerves and other deep tissues,thus showcasing the promising potential for future applications in orbital and maxillofacial surgery.
文摘Objective: Thorough, prompt enteral decompression technique without contamination was de- veloped to ensure safety for emergent colon resection and primary anastomosis. Methods: After isolating the mesentery, the “to be resected colon segment” was cut at its lower end, then the proximal cut end was put into a plastic bag which was adhered to one side of the operating table. After releasing the clamp, the content could ?ow into this bag. The operator could squeeze the bowel with two hands by turns, from proximal to farness, and from small bowel to large bowel, until the entire bowel content was fully discharged. Then the upper end of this “to be resected colon segment” was cut, and was removed together with the plastic bag. Results: 31 cases of left colon cancer with acute obstruction were decompressed with this technique. They all recovered smoothly, without anastomosis ?stula. Another 6 cases of hepatic seg- mentectomy with incidental colonectomy were decompressed with this technique and had the same results. This technique was also used in di?erent kinds of acute small intestinal obstruction and gained satisfactory results. Conclusion: This technique could be considered as the preferable choice for intraoperative enteral decompression.
基金Doctoral Startup Fund(20192066,20212028)Laijin Excellent Doctoral Fund(20202021)+1 种基金Scientific and Technological Innovation of Colleges and Universities in Shanxi Province(2020L0342)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202303021222178)。
文摘SiC/Al-based composite foams were prepared by a two-step foaming method.The influence of the SiC content and its distribution uniformity on the foaming stability,cell structure,and mechanical properties of the aluminum foams was investigated.The macro/micro-features of the aluminum foams were characterized and analyzed.Results demonstrate that an appropriate increase in SiC content and the uniform distribution of SiC can improve the foaming stability,optimize the cell diameter and cell wall thickness,ameliorate the cell distribution,and enhance the hardness and compressive strength of the aluminum foams.However,either insufficient or excessive SiC leads to uneven distribution of SiC particles,which is unfavorable to foaming stability and good cell structure formation.With 6wt%SiC,both the foaming stability and cell structure of the aluminum foam reach the optimal state,resulting in the highest compressive strength and optimal energy absorption capacity.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China[Grant No.2023YFF0713600]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.62275062]+3 种基金Project of Shandong Innovation and Startup Community of High-end Medical Apparatus and Instruments[Grant No.2023-SGTTXM-002 and 2024-SGTTXM-005]the Shandong Province Technology Innovation Guidance Plan(Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund)[Grant No.YDZX2023115]the Taishan Scholar Special Funding Project of Shandong Provincethe Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials and Medical Devices in Weihai[Grant No.ZL202402].
文摘Photoacoustic-computed tomography is a novel imaging technique that combines high absorption contrast and deep tissue penetration capability,enabling comprehensive three-dimensional imaging of biological targets.However,the increasing demand for higher resolution and real-time imaging results in significant data volume,limiting data storage,transmission and processing efficiency of system.Therefore,there is an urgent need for an effective method to compress the raw data without compromising image quality.This paper presents a photoacoustic-computed tomography 3D data compression method and system based on Wavelet-Transformer.This method is based on the cooperative compression framework that integrates wavelet hard coding with deep learning-based soft decoding.It combines the multiscale analysis capability of wavelet transforms with the global feature modeling advantage of Transformers,achieving high-quality data compression and reconstruction.Experimental results using k-wave simulation suggest that the proposed compression system has advantages under extreme compression conditions,achieving a raw data compression ratio of up to 1:40.Furthermore,three-dimensional data compression experiment using in vivo mouse demonstrated that the maximum peak signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)and structural similarity index(SSIM)values of reconstructed images reached 38.60 and 0.9583,effectively overcoming detail loss and artifacts introduced by raw data compression.All the results suggest that the proposed system can significantly reduce storage requirements and hardware cost,enhancing computational efficiency and image quality.These advantages support the development of photoacoustic-computed tomography toward higher efficiency,real-time performance and intelligent functionality.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Key R&D Program of Chongqing(CSTB2025TIAD-STX0032)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF0908200)+1 种基金the Chongqing Technology Innovation and Application Development Special Key Project(CSTB2024TIAD-KPX0018)the Southwest University Graduate Student Research Innovation(SWUB24051)。
文摘Dear Editor,The letter proposes a tensor low-rank orthogonal compression(TLOC)model for a convolutional neural network(CNN),which facilitates its efficient and highly-accurate low-rank representation.Model compression is crucial for deploying deep neural network(DNN)models on resource-constrained embedded devices.
基金supported by ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.IA20240319003the NSFC under Grant No.62571112。
文摘To achieve the potential performance gain of massive multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)systems,base stations(BS)require downlink channel state information(CSI)fed back by users to execute beamforming design,especially in the frequency division duplex(FDD)systems.However,due to the enormous number of antennas in massive MIMO systems,the feedback overhead of downlink CSI acquisition is extremely large.To address this issue,deep learning(DL)techniques have been introduced to de velop high-accuracy feedback strategies under limited backhaul constraints.In this paper,we provide an overview of DL-based CSI compression and feedback approaches in massive MIMO systems.Specifically,we introduce the conventional CSI compression and feedback schemes and the existing problems.Besides,we elaborate on various DL techniques employed in CSI compression from the perspective of network architecture and analyze the advantages of different techniques.We also enumerate the applications of DL-based methods for solving practical challenges in CSI compression and feedback.In addition,we brief the remaining issues in deep CSI compression and indicate potential directions in future wireless networks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42277147)Ningbo Public Welfare Research Program(Grant No.2024S081)Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024J186).
文摘Rock brittleness is a critical property in geotechnical and energy engineering,as it directly influences the prediction of rock failure and stability assessment.Although numerous methods have been developed to evaluate brittleness,many fail to comprehensively account for the impacts of microstructural changes,mineralogical characteristics,and stress conditions on energy evolution during failure.This study proposes a novel approach for brittleness evaluation based on the energy evolution throughout the post-peak failure process,integrating two micromechanical mechanisms:crack propagation and frictional sliding.A new brittleness index is defined as the ratio of generated surface energy to released elastic energy,providing a unified framework for assessing both Class I and Class II mechanical behaviors.The brittleness of cyan,white,and gray sandstones was investigated under various confining pressures and moisture conditions using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and conventional triaxial compression(CTC)tests.The results demonstrate that brittleness decreases with increasing confining pressure,due to suppressed crack propagation,and increases under saturated conditions,as moisture enhances crack propagation.By establishing connections between mineral composition,microstructural features,and stress-induced responses,the proposed method overcame limitations of previous approaches and offered a more precise tool for evaluating rock brittleness under diverse environmental scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2341288 and 12302492)。
文摘An in-depth understanding of the behaviours of solid propellants under low-velocity impact loads is crucial for enhancing their safety in applications such as aerospace propulsion.This study investigated the dynamic responses of single ammonium perchlorate(AP)/octogen(HMX)particles embedded in a hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)binder under dynamic compression loading via real-time synchrotron-based X-ray phase contrast imaging and a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)system.The compression of the viscoelastic binder and subsequent dynamic fracturing of the AP/HMX particles were captured.During compression,transverse cracks developed within the AP particles,and their propagation led to particle fracturing,resulting in ductile fracturing.Unlike AP,HMX generated numerous short cracks within the internal and edge regions simultaneously,leading to fragmentation and brittle fracturing.Moreover,particle damage reduced the modulus of the sample,shifting its dynamic stress response from nonlinear elasticity to strain softening and further strain hardening as the binder exhibited plastic deformation.A compression simulation incorporating a real particle microscopic structure was established to study the mechanical response of the interface and particles.The simulation results agreed with the experimental observations.These results indicate that the shear stress at the HTPB-AP interface is greater than that at the HTPB-HMX interface,which is a factor influencing the differences in the mesoscale damage mechanisms of the particles.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U24A20105 and 52071209)the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of CITIC Group(Grant No.2022ZXKYA06100,with Hongzhou Lu as the principal grant recipient)the Program of Shanghai Academic and Technology Research Leader(Grant No.18XD1402200).
文摘Micropillar compression tests were used to investigate the influence of hydrogen on the deformation behavior and hydrogen embrittlement(HE)of nitrogen-alloyed austenitic stainless steel QN_(2)109.Results indicate that the hydrogen increases the dislocation density,reduces the yield stress,and accelerates the formation and intersection of slip bands,with hydrogen-induced cracks initiating at slip band intersections.X-ray diffraction confirms the absence of martensitic transformation,ruling out the role of martensitic transformation in HE.The micropillar compression technique is highly sensitive for characterizing hydrogen-material interactions,owing to the material’s low hydrogen diffusivity and the small size of its hydrogen-affected zone.These findings align with the hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity mechanism.
基金Youth Innovation Team of Shandong Higher Education Institutions,Grant/Award Number:2022KJ214Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:SDCXZG‐202303031+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:2023M732109National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52209141Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China,Grant/Award Number:ZR2021QE069。
文摘The deformation and failure of coal walls in front of a working face cause significant difficulties during mining operations.This study reveals the nonuniform distribution of bearing pressure in front of coal walls based on in situ monitoring data and numerical simulation.Therefore,an eccentric compression mechanical model was established to study the deformation and failure characteristics of a coal wall.The slenderness ratio of the compression bar is introduced to define coal walls.The results showed that instability failure occurs when λ>λ_(c) and material failure occurs when λ≤λ_(c).The instability failure-type coal wall spalling was related to the mining height,eccentricity of roof pressure,the horizontal force,and the reaction moment of the floor.The material failure-type coal wall spalling was related to the cohesion,the internal friction angle of the coal,the upper pressure,and the horizontal force of coal walls.Unstable and destructive coal wall peeling usually occurs at a height of 0.5–0.6 times the mining height,while material damage to coal wall peeling is determined to occur within the range of 0.4-0.6 times the mining depth.The findings contribute to the understanding of the deformation and failure of coal walls.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52339001).
文摘To investigate the damage evolution caused by stress-driven and sub-critical crack propagation within the Beishan granite under multi-creep triaxial compressive conditions,the distributed optical fiber sensing and X-ray computed tomography were combined to obtain the strain distribution over the sample surface and internal fractures of the samples.The Gini and skewness(G-S)coefficients were used to quantify strain localization during tests,where the Gini coefficient reflects the degree of clustering of elements with high strain values,i.e.,strain localization/delocalization.The strain localization-induced asymmetry of data distribution is quantified by the skewness coefficient.A precursor to granite failure is defined by the rapid and simultaneous increase of the G-S coefficients,which are calculated from strain increment,giving an earlier warning of failure by about 8%peak stress than those from absolute strain values.Moreover,the process of damage accumulation due to stress-driven crack propagation in Beishan granite is different at various confining pressures as the stress exceeds the crack initiation stress.Concretely,strain localization is continuous until brittle failure at higher confining pressure,while both strain localization and delocalization occur at lower confining pressure.Despite the different stress conditions,a similar statistical characteristic of strain localization during the creep stage is observed.The Gini coefficient increases,and the skewness coefficient decreases slightly as the creep stress is below 95%peak stress.When the accelerated strain localization begins,the Gini and skewness coefficients increase rapidly and simultaneously.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52104207 and 52374214)the Shandong Provincial Youth Innovation Team Development Program for Higher Education Institutions(Grant No.2023KJ305).
文摘In the field of rock engineering,the influence of water is a dynamic process that exhibits varying effects over time and across different locations.To further understand how water influences the mechanical properties and acoustic emission(AE)behavior of rocks,this study conducted uniaxial compression experiments on sandstones with varying degrees of wetting under both natural conditions and water-chemical environments.In addition,the study combined AE equipment with digital image correlation(DIC)to monitor the entire failure process.Using the sliding window algorithm,the variation in the variance of AE characteristic parameters during the process of sandstone loading to failure is analyzed from the perspective of critical slowing down.This analysis enables the effective identification of the early warning signal before failure.The experimental findings suggest that an increase in wetting height results in a gradual decrease in peak stress,accompanied by a concomitant increase in the percentage of shear cracks.The characteristic parameters,including energy,amplitude,and ringing count,all exhibit critical slowing phenomena.The waveform of AE characteristic parameters of the same sample is similar,and the mutation time of the precursor signal is roughly the same.All signals appear in the irreversible plastic deformation stage of microcrack initiation.The integration of critical slowing down theory and the b-value early warning method facilitates a more comprehensive evaluation of the stability of rock mass,thereby significantly enhancing the efficiency and safety of disaster prevention measures.
基金partially supported by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding(CASUS)financed by Germany’s Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBF)+2 种基金the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliamentfunding from the European Union’s Just Transition Fund(JTF)within the project Röntgenlaser-Optimierung der Laserfusion(ROLF),Contract No.5086999001co-financed by the Saxon State Government out of the State Budget approved by the Saxon State Parliament.
文摘We present the first systematic experimental validation of return-current-driven cylindrical implosion scaling in micrometer-sized Cu and Al wires irradiated by J-class femtosecond laser pulses.Employing XFEL-based imaging with sub-micrometer spatial and femtosecond temporal resolution,supported by hydrodynamic and particle-in-cell simulations,we reveal how return current density depends precisely on wire diameter,material properties,and incident laser energy.We identify deviations from simple theoretical predictions due to geometrically influenced electron escape dynamics.These results refine and confirm the scaling laws essential for predictive modeling in high-energy-density physics and inertial fusion research.
基金supported by Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation of China:sd2018762872
文摘Objective:To observe the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2/polylactide-co-glycolic acid(rhBMP-2/PLGA) with core decompression on repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis.Methods:Bilateral femoral head necrosis models of rabbit were established by steroid injection.A total of 48 rabbits(96 femoral head necrosis) were randomly divided into 4groups:Group A,control group with12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Group B,treated with rhBMP-2/PLCA implantation after core depression,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Group C,treated with rhBMP-2 implantation after core depression,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis;Croup D treated with core depression group without implantation,with 12 rabbits,24 femoral head necrosis.All animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks.The ability of repairing bone defect was evaluated by X-ray radiograph.Bone mineral density analysis of the defect regions were used to evaluate the level of ossification.The morphologic change and bone formation was assessed by HE staining.The angiogenesis was evaluated by VEGF immunohistochemistry.Results:The osteogenetic ability and quality of femoral head necrosis in group B were better than those of other groups after 12 weeks by X-ray radiograph and morphologic investigation.And the angiogenesis in group B was better than other groups.Group C had similar osteogenetic quality of femoral head necrosis and angiogenesis with group D.Conclusions:The treatment of rhBMP-2/PLCA implantation after core depression can promote the repair of rabbit femoral head necrosis.It is a promising and efficient synthetic bone material to treat the femoral head necrosis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81670885)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province, China (No.2013B020400003)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (No.15570001)
文摘AIM: To report the effects of intravenous high-dose glucocorticoids(iv GC) and orbital decompression(OD) surgery for treatment of sight-threatening thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records from patients with sight-threatening TAO [definite or highly suspected dysthyroid optic neuropathy(DON)] treated with iv GC(60 cases) and OD(25 cases) was conducted at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2001 and January 2009. Patients were initially treated with iv GC(iv GC group). If no significant improvement in visual function was obtained, they then received OD surgery(OD group). The pre-versus post-treatment efficacies of either iv GC or OD in these patients were assessed using several indices, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure, ocular alignment, ocular motility, and exophthalmos. RESULTS: Nighty-one eyes had definite DON while 79 were considered to have highly suspected DON. In the iv GC group, 51 individuals(85.0%) eventually demonstrated normal vision, while 10 patients(16.7%) demonstrated a reduction in deviation(P<0.01), and 35 cases(58.3%) showed slight improvements in ocular motility(P<0.01). In OD group, visual acuity improved in 24 cases(96.0%, P<0.01) and all patients showed varying reductions of exophthalmos(mean: 4.35±1.13 mm, P<0.01). Eight cases(32.0%) experienced an 8-15 PD reduction of deviation and ocular motility improved in 12 cases(48.0%), while 3 patients(12.0%) developed new-onset strabismus with diplopia post-surgically(P<0.01). Patients were followed up at an average of 1.55±1.07 y. CONCLUSION: Both iv GC and OD show good therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of sight-threatening TAO. Thepresence of extremely poor eyesight(≥0.5 log MAR) was corrected in some patients with iv GC alone, thus sparing these patients from subsequent OD surgery. In patients who were refractory to steroids, subsequent OD surgery often provided satisfactory outcomes, however, new-onset strabismus with diplopia was observed in 12.0% of these cases.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and tolerance of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing surgery for colorectal carcinoma. METHODS： Three hundred and sixteen patients submitted to operations associated with colorectostorny from January 2004 to September 2005 were randomized to two groups： In experimental group （n = 161）, the nasogastric tube was removed after the operation from 12 to 24 hours and was promised immediately oral feeding; In control group （n = 155）, the nasogastric tube was maintained until the passage of flatus per rectum. Variables assessed included the time to first passage of flatus, the time to first passage of stool, the time elapsed postoperative stay, and postoperative complications such as anastornotic leakage, acute dilation of stomach, wound infection and dehiscense, fever, pulmonary infection and pharyngolaryngitis. RESULTS： The median and average days to the first passage of flatus （3.0±0.9 vs 3.6±1.2, P〈0.001）, the first passage of stool （4.1± 1.1 vs 4.8±1.4 P〈0.001） and the length of postoperative stay （8.4±3.4 vs 9.6±5.0, P〈0.05） were shorter in the experimental group than in the control group. The postoperative complications such as anastomotic leakage （1.24% vs 2.58%）, acute dilation of stomach （1.86% vs 0.06%） and wound complications （2.48% vs 1.94%） were similar in the groups, but fever （3.73% vs 9.68%, P〈0.05）, pulmonary infection （0.62% vs 4.52%, P〈0.05） and pharyngolaryngitis （3.11% vs 23.23%, P〈0.001） were much more in the control group than in the experimental group. CONCLUSION： The present study shows that applicationof gastrointestinal decompression after colorectostomy can not effectively reduce postoperative complications. On the contrary, it may increase the incidence rate of fever, pharyngolaryngitis and pulmonary infection. These strategies of early removing gastrointestinal decompression and early oral feeding in the patients undergoing colorectostomy are feasible and safe and associated with reduced postoperative discomfort and can accelerate the return of bowel function and improve rehabilitation.
