The present study examines accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of American English, Moroccan English, Turkmen English, and Chinese English, from the perspectives of three groups of listeners: native s...The present study examines accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of American English, Moroccan English, Turkmen English, and Chinese English, from the perspectives of three groups of listeners: native speakers of English and Chinese speakers of English with or without international experiences. Of the 145 listeners, 38 had face-to-face interviews. These listener groups were asked to listen to the recordings of the four English varieties and fill in a cloze test.Results indicated that the three listener groups differed significantly in rating comprehensibility of American English, Moroccan English and Chinese English but they did not give Turkmen English statistically different ratings;there were no significant differences in accentedness ratings except for Chinese English;and there were significant differences in the intelligibility scores of the four English varieties. In addition, with respect to seven linguistic variables-speed, clarity, intonation,smoothness and fluency, vocal intensity, pause, vocabulary and grammar, there were significant differences in three listener groups’ rating of six variables in American English except the one of“speed”. By contrast, Chinese English received significantly different ratings only in “proper speed”. No differences were found in the ratings for Moroccan English and Turkmen English.Finally, unlike Chinese listeners without international experiences, native listeners and Chinese listeners with international experiences shared some similarities in correlations between the ratings of accentedness and comprehensibility and those of linguistic variables on Moroccan English,Turkmen English, and Chinese English. However, the results for American English from Chinese listeners without international experiences and native listeners seemed to be more alike. Linguistic variables correlating with accentedness and comprehensibility of American English showed a mixed profile. Qualitative data provided more variant elaborations on the pronunciations and language uses of the speakers.展开更多
The Chinese Neurology and Psychiatry Association conducted a national field trial of its Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders (CCMD-2) involov-ing 26 provinces and municipalities, 80 psyc...The Chinese Neurology and Psychiatry Association conducted a national field trial of its Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders (CCMD-2) involov-ing 26 provinces and municipalities, 80 psychiatric institutes, and 224 professionals. The results were as follows: (1)95.2% of researchers considered the comprehensibility of the CCMD-2 diagnstic criteria good. Within the ten major categories, comprehensibility ranged from 85.7% to 100%. (2) Of those surveyed concerning the acceptibility of the CCCMD-2 diagnostic criteria, 85.9% considered them acceptable. In individual classifications, the rate ranged from 74.1% to 95.2%. (3) 1498 cases were tested. The overall applicability rate which indicated the consistency between the CCMD-2 result and the actual clinical diagnoses was found to be 87.6%, (averaging Kappa = 0.82,P<0.01), better than those obtained from non-Chinese systems of diagnosis.展开更多
Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development...Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.Th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
Rapid urbanization in China has led to spatial antagonism between urban development and farmland protection and ecological security maintenance.Multi-objective spatial collaborative optimization is a powerful method f...Rapid urbanization in China has led to spatial antagonism between urban development and farmland protection and ecological security maintenance.Multi-objective spatial collaborative optimization is a powerful method for achieving sustainable regional development.Previous studies on multi-objective spatial optimization do not involve spatial corrections to simulation results based on the natural endowment of space resources.This study proposes an Ecological Security-Food Security-Urban Sustainable Development(ES-FS-USD)spatial optimization framework.This framework combines the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)and patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model with an ecological protection importance evaluation,comprehensive agricultural productivity evaluation,and urban sustainable development potential assessment and optimizes the territorial space in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region in 2035.The proposed sustainable development(SD)scenario can effectively reduce the destruction of landscape patterns of various land-use types while considering both ecological and economic benefits.The simulation results were further revised by evaluating the land-use suitability of the YRD region.According to the revised spatial pattern for the YRD in 2035,the farmland area accounts for 43.59%of the total YRD,which is 5.35%less than that in 2010.Forest,grassland,and water area account for 40.46%of the total YRD—an increase of 1.42%compared with the case in 2010.Construction land accounts for 14.72%of the total YRD—an increase of 2.77%compared with the case in 2010.The ES-FS-USD spatial optimization framework ensures that spatial optimization outcomes are aligned with the natural endowments of land resources,thereby promoting the sustainable use of land resources,improving the ability of spatial management,and providing valuable insights for decision makers.展开更多
This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standar...This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.展开更多
采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和液液萃取(liquid-liquid extraction,LLE)结合全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱(comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry...采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和液液萃取(liquid-liquid extraction,LLE)结合全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱(comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry,GC×GC-TOF-MS)以及香气活度值(odour active value,OAV),对红星二锅头白酒的挥发性成分进行全面解析。研究发现,HS-SPME、LLE分别定性出928、802种挥发性化合物,共计定性出1304种挥发性化合物,共同定性出426种挥发性化合物。基于HS-SPME数据,通过香气数据库筛选出具有香气特征的382种香气化合物,其中酯类相对百分含量占比最高,其次是醇类、酸类和醛类。计算得到了49种香气化合物OAV>1,其中酯类(辛酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯等)和萜烯类(β-大马酮)对白酒风味的贡献最大,醛类(异戊醛、己醛等)和含硫类(二甲基三硫)其次,醇类(1-辛烯-3-醇)和含氮类(2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪)也有一定风味贡献。该研究丰富了红星二锅头白酒的风味研究,也为下一步生产研究及调控提供了理论和数据支撑。展开更多
Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is one of the most consumed vegetable crops around the world,and its breeding is performed by exploiting heterosis in F1hybrid crosses.Male sterility is one of the most desirable agronomic ...Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is one of the most consumed vegetable crops around the world,and its breeding is performed by exploiting heterosis in F1hybrid crosses.Male sterility is one of the most desirable agronomic traits in tomato hybrid seed production,as it can reduce the cost of artificial emasculation and ensure high varietal purity.Abnormal pollen development is a critical factor for male sterility.To date,several genes have been identified to be involved in pollen development,in which EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1(EMS1)controls the formation of tapetum,which is necessary for pollen production(Chang et al.,2011).EMS1 encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase that is specifically expressed in the tapetum.In Arabidopsis,the anthers in the ems1mutant lack tapetal cells but can produce excess microsporocytes,which do not undergo cytokinesis,leading to microsporogenesis failure and male sterility(Zhao et al.,2002).However,there is no evidence of the role of EMS1 in tomato pollen development,which limits a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying tomato male fertility.展开更多
Natural gas hydrates(hereinafter referred to as hydrates)are a promising clean energy source.However,their current development is far from reaching commercial exploitation.Reservoir stimulation tech-nology provides ne...Natural gas hydrates(hereinafter referred to as hydrates)are a promising clean energy source.However,their current development is far from reaching commercial exploitation.Reservoir stimulation tech-nology provides new approaches to enhance hydrate development effectiveness.Addressing the current lack of quantitative and objective methods for evaluating the fracability of hydrate reservoirs,this study clarifies the relationship between geological and engineering fracability and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model for hydrate reservoir fracability based on grey relational analysis and the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method.By integrating results from hydraulic fracturing experiments on hydrate sediments,the fracability of hydrate reservoirs is assessed.The concept of critical construction parameter curves for hydrate reservoirs is introduced for the first time.Additionally,two-dimensional fracability index evaluation charts and three-dimensional fracability construction condition discrimination charts are established.The results indicate that as the comprehensive fracability index increases,the feasibility of forming fractures in hydrate reservoirs improves,and the required normalized fracturing construction parameters gradually decrease.The accuracy rate of the charts in judging experimental results reached 89.74%,enabling quick evaluations of whether hydrate reservoirs are worth fracturing,easy to fracture,and capable of being fractured.This has significant engineering implications forthehydraulicfracturingof hydratereservoirs.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Post-cardiac arrest brain injury remains the leading cause of mortality and longterm disability in patients following cardiac arrest(CA).However,optimizing clinical management strategies for bundled therapy...BACKGROUND:Post-cardiac arrest brain injury remains the leading cause of mortality and longterm disability in patients following cardiac arrest(CA).However,optimizing clinical management strategies for bundled therapy after CA still faces challenges.METHODS:For this literature review,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,and SpringerLink databases for high-quality studies published between December 1982 and July 1,2024.The search included randomized clinical trials,meta-analyses,systematic reviews,and observational studies.References in included studies were also checked to identify additional sources.RESULTS:Many studies have identified potential targets for interventions to mitigate brain injury and improve outcomes for post-resuscitated patients.To optimize clinical management strategies to minimize brain injury after CA,we developed the acronym “SOOTEST-ICU” bundle,which includes “SOOTEST” therapy to optimize peripheral oxygen delivery and “ICU” intervention to optimize the cerebral oxygen cascade.The order of the “SOOTEST” treatment was organized based on the severity and importance of brain oxygen aff ecting brain injury.It includes systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure management,oxygenation and ventilation management,original etiological treatment,temperature control,electrolytes and acid basic status,seizure control,and targeted substrate delivery.The acronym “ICU” intervention includes intracerebral oxygen delivery,cerebral oxygen diff usion,and oxygen utilization.CONCLUSION:The “SOOTEST-ICU” therapy is developed to optimize oxygen and substrate cascades to minimize brain injury after CA.展开更多
Advanced geological prediction is a crucial means to ensure safety and efficiency in tunnel construction.However,diff erent advanced geological forecasting methods have their own limitations,resulting in poor detectio...Advanced geological prediction is a crucial means to ensure safety and efficiency in tunnel construction.However,diff erent advanced geological forecasting methods have their own limitations,resulting in poor detection accuracy.Using multiple methods to carry out a comprehensive evaluation can eff ectively improve the accuracy of advanced geological prediction results.In this study,geological information is combined with the detection results of geophysical methods,including transient electromagnetic,induced polarization,and tunnel seismic prediction,to establish a comprehensive analysis method of adverse geology.First,the possible main adverse geological problems are determined according to the geological information.Subsequently,various physical parameters of the rock mass in front of the tunnel face can then be derived on the basis of multisource geophysical data.Finally,based on the analysis results of geological information,the multisource data fusion algorithm is used to determine the type,location,and scale of adverse geology.The advanced geological prediction results that can provide eff ective guidance for tunnel construction can then be obtained.展开更多
Objective ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein(ZWINT)has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the growth,invasion,and migration of cancers.Nevertheless,whether the expression levels of ZWINT are significantly c...Objective ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein(ZWINT)has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the growth,invasion,and migration of cancers.Nevertheless,whether the expression levels of ZWINT are significantly correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes of patients with breast cancer remains elusive.This study systematically investigated the clinical significance of ZWINT expression in breast cancer through integrated molecular subtyping and survival analysis.Methods We systematically characterized the spatial expression pattern of ZWINT across various breast cancer subtypes and assessed its prognostic significance using an integrated bioinformatics approach that involved multi-omics analysis.The approach included the Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v5.1(bc-GenExMiner v5.1),TNMplot,MuTarget,PrognoScan database,and Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).Results Our analysis revealed consistent upregulation of ZWINT mRNA and protein expression across distinct clinicopathological subtypes of breast cancer.ZWINT overexpression demonstrated significant co-occurrence with truncating mutations in cadherin 1(CDH1)and tumor protein p53(TP53),suggesting potential functional crosstalk in tumor progression pathways.The overexpression of ZWINT correlated with adverse clinical outcomes,showing 48%increased mortality risk(overall survival:HR 1.48,95%CI 1.23–1.79),66%higher recurrence probability(relapse-free survival:1.66,95%CI 1.50–1.84),and 63%elevated metastasis risk(distant metastasis-free survival:HR 1.63,95%CI 1.39–1.90).Multivariate Cox regression incorporating TNM staging and molecular subtypes confirmed ZWINT as an independent prognostic determinant(P<0.001,Harrell’s C-index=0.7827),which was validated through bootstrap resampling(1000 iterations).Conclusion ZWINT may serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis and a possible therapeutic target alongside TP53/CDH1 in breast cancer.展开更多
Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcom...Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.展开更多
“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People,s Republic of Chi...“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People,s Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was“Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University”,which was changed into “Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis”in 1958owing to the name change of the university.展开更多
“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People s Republic of Chi...“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People s Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was“Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University”,which was changed into“Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis”in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.展开更多
Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant infl...Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant influence factors will have a vital impact on ship's design and operation.On the other hand,MPP is essentially a criterion for manoeuvring safety at actual seas.However,the practical assessment methods adopted in IMO guidelines do not directly and accurately account for ship's coursekeeping ability in severe seas.A time-domain comprehensive method with supplementary course-keeping ability criteria has been proposed in the authors'preliminary research.Based on an updated mathematical model and criteria,this paper presents more detailed elaborations,results and discussions on the time-domain method,including the comparative analyses with a power line method and two steady-state equilibrium methods based on IMO guidelines and draft.Discussions on the influences of key factors,involving criterion conditions and calculation parameters,are also presented.The results indicate that different methods exhibit varying advantages and complexity in MPP assessment,thus constituting a multi-level assessment framework for MPP.In particular,the time-domain comprehensive assessment has a higher accuracy with more realistic description of manoeuvre behaviors,capable of offering a solution for the ships that cannot meet other assessments,or for the assessment requiring additional course-keeping ability.Furthermore,an expanded range of wave direction sets a stricter but potentially necessary requirement,while using the self-propulsion factors at low speeds can eliminate the unnecessary conservation of assessment result caused by those at design speed.展开更多
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China has further strengthened its industrial system,making it more complete,efficient,and resilient.Today,China has solidified its position as the world’s largest manufacturer,d...During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China has further strengthened its industrial system,making it more complete,efficient,and resilient.Today,China has solidified its position as the world’s largest manufacturer,distinguished by its uniquely comprehensive industrial system.展开更多
Dear Editor, The family Xenodermidae encompasses six recognized genera, among which Achalinus Peters, 1869, represents the most species-rich taxon. This genus is extensively distributed across eastern and southeastern...Dear Editor, The family Xenodermidae encompasses six recognized genera, among which Achalinus Peters, 1869, represents the most species-rich taxon. This genus is extensively distributed across eastern and southeastern Asia, from northern Vietnam through southwestern China, with some populations extending into Japan (Zhao, 2006;Li et al., 2024). Recent advancements in comprehensive fieldwork and molecular techniques have facilitated the revelation of previously underestimated biodiversity within the genus Achalinus. Scientific literature has recorded the discovery and description of over 20 new species within the past five years (Li et al., 2024;Xu et al., 2025). Currently, 28 species are recognized within the genus, with a substantial majority (21 species) found in China (Uetz et al., 2025).展开更多
[Objectives]To identify the drought resistance of main wheat varieties in Shandong Province and screen suitable cultivars for dryland cultivation.[Methods]Employing eight varieties including Jimai 60 as test materials...[Objectives]To identify the drought resistance of main wheat varieties in Shandong Province and screen suitable cultivars for dryland cultivation.[Methods]Employing eight varieties including Jimai 60 as test materials,this study simulated drought stress using 20%PEG-6000 and measured changes in germination-stage indicators.A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the membership function method,incorporating relative coleoptile length,relative germ length,relative radicle length,relative germination rate,relative germination potential,and stress germination index.[Results]Drought stress not only reduced wheat seed germination rate but also inhibited the growth of the germ,coleoptile,and radicle.The D values of the eight varieties were ranked as follows:Jimai 60>Linmai 9>Yannong 999>Shannong 30>Shannong 28>Luyuan 502>Yannong 1212>Jimai 22.Based on D values,the eight dominant wheat varieties were classified into three categories:highly drought-resistant varieties(Linmai 9 and Jimai 60),moderately drought-resistant varieties(Yannong 999 and Shannong 30),and sensitive varieties(the others).Linmai 9 and Jimai 60 are recommended as suitable wheat varieties for dryland cultivation in Shandong Province.[Conclusions]Drought stress induced by 20%PEG-6000 reduced germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of wheat varieties while inhibiting the growth of coleoptiles and radicles.These indicators can provide a preliminary assessment of drought resistance in wheat cultivars.However,since filter paper was selected as the growth medium,root length measurement errors were introduced during root washing,leading to variations in final experimental results.Futuer studies could attempt using sterilized sand as an alternative growth medium.展开更多
Both China and Indonesia are influential maritime powers in the Asia-Pacific region.Strengthening practical maritime cooperation is highly significant to both sides as an important component of comprehensive strategic...Both China and Indonesia are influential maritime powers in the Asia-Pacific region.Strengthening practical maritime cooperation is highly significant to both sides as an important component of comprehensive strategic cooperation.Maritime cooperation has become a prominent part of the“five pillar”cooperation framework between the two countries alongside political,economic,people-to-people exchange,and security,playing a positive role in elevating the China-Indonesia comprehensive strategic partnership to a higher level.展开更多
文摘The present study examines accentedness, comprehensibility, and intelligibility of American English, Moroccan English, Turkmen English, and Chinese English, from the perspectives of three groups of listeners: native speakers of English and Chinese speakers of English with or without international experiences. Of the 145 listeners, 38 had face-to-face interviews. These listener groups were asked to listen to the recordings of the four English varieties and fill in a cloze test.Results indicated that the three listener groups differed significantly in rating comprehensibility of American English, Moroccan English and Chinese English but they did not give Turkmen English statistically different ratings;there were no significant differences in accentedness ratings except for Chinese English;and there were significant differences in the intelligibility scores of the four English varieties. In addition, with respect to seven linguistic variables-speed, clarity, intonation,smoothness and fluency, vocal intensity, pause, vocabulary and grammar, there were significant differences in three listener groups’ rating of six variables in American English except the one of“speed”. By contrast, Chinese English received significantly different ratings only in “proper speed”. No differences were found in the ratings for Moroccan English and Turkmen English.Finally, unlike Chinese listeners without international experiences, native listeners and Chinese listeners with international experiences shared some similarities in correlations between the ratings of accentedness and comprehensibility and those of linguistic variables on Moroccan English,Turkmen English, and Chinese English. However, the results for American English from Chinese listeners without international experiences and native listeners seemed to be more alike. Linguistic variables correlating with accentedness and comprehensibility of American English showed a mixed profile. Qualitative data provided more variant elaborations on the pronunciations and language uses of the speakers.
文摘The Chinese Neurology and Psychiatry Association conducted a national field trial of its Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Mental Disorders (CCMD-2) involov-ing 26 provinces and municipalities, 80 psychiatric institutes, and 224 professionals. The results were as follows: (1)95.2% of researchers considered the comprehensibility of the CCMD-2 diagnstic criteria good. Within the ten major categories, comprehensibility ranged from 85.7% to 100%. (2) Of those surveyed concerning the acceptibility of the CCCMD-2 diagnostic criteria, 85.9% considered them acceptable. In individual classifications, the rate ranged from 74.1% to 95.2%. (3) 1498 cases were tested. The overall applicability rate which indicated the consistency between the CCMD-2 result and the actual clinical diagnoses was found to be 87.6%, (averaging Kappa = 0.82,P<0.01), better than those obtained from non-Chinese systems of diagnosis.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System(Grant No.CARS-23-D06)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant Nos.2024NC2-GJHX-29 and 2024NC-ZDCYL-05-08)Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance Project(Grant No.LMZD202202).
文摘Substrate and nutrient supply are essential for vegetable cultivation in greenhouse.The strategies for plant nutrient supply vary depending on the cultivation methods or substrate dosages employed.With the development of mechanization,wide-row spacing substrate cultivation became an optimize mode of the greenhouse cucumber cultivation,aligning with the trend of intelligent agriculture.To determine the optimal nutrient solution supply amount(NS)and supply frequency(SF)for promoting the integrated growth of cucumber under wide-row spacing substrate cultivation,we explored the effects of substrate supply amount(SS),NS,and SF on cucumber yield,quality,and element utilization efficiency.A five-level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design with three experimental factors(NS,SF,and SS)was implemented for 23 coupling treatments over three growing seasons,including spring(2022S and 2023S)and autumn(2022A).The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)combining weights based on game theory was applied to construct cucumber comprehensive growth evaluation model.Single and two experimental factors analyses revealed significant effects of single factors and the coupling of NS-SS,NS-SF and SS-SF on the integrated growth of cucumber for all three growing seasons.For the NS-SF-SS combination,the optimal parameters for comprehensive cucumber growth were determined as follows:levels of^(-1).68 for NS,-0.7 for SF,and^(-1).682 for SS in 2022A;-0.43 for NS,-0.06 for SF,and 0.34 for SS in 2022S;0.3 for NS,-0.02 for SF,and 0.04 for SS in 2023S.Furthermore,for SS ranges of 2.00-3.01,3.01-4.50,4.50-5.99,5.99-7.00(L·plant^(-1)),the corresponding NS and SF intervals maximizing cucumber integrated growth in spring were:0.28-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.26-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.25-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.23-0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),respectively.With the same SS,the corresponding NS and SF intervals that maximized cucumber integrated growth in autumn were:0.10(L·plant^(-1))and 8(times·d^(-1)),0.18(L·plant^(-1))and 7(times·d^(-1)),0.30(L·plant^(-1))and 6(times·d^(-1)),0.49(L·plant^(-1))and 5(times·d^(-1)),respectively.The results provide a theoretical basis for solution management,and further in-depth research on cucumber cultivation.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42301470,No.52270185,No.42171389Capacity Building Program of Local Colleges and Universities in Shanghai,No.21010503300。
文摘Rapid urbanization in China has led to spatial antagonism between urban development and farmland protection and ecological security maintenance.Multi-objective spatial collaborative optimization is a powerful method for achieving sustainable regional development.Previous studies on multi-objective spatial optimization do not involve spatial corrections to simulation results based on the natural endowment of space resources.This study proposes an Ecological Security-Food Security-Urban Sustainable Development(ES-FS-USD)spatial optimization framework.This framework combines the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)and patch-generating land use simulation(PLUS)model with an ecological protection importance evaluation,comprehensive agricultural productivity evaluation,and urban sustainable development potential assessment and optimizes the territorial space in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)region in 2035.The proposed sustainable development(SD)scenario can effectively reduce the destruction of landscape patterns of various land-use types while considering both ecological and economic benefits.The simulation results were further revised by evaluating the land-use suitability of the YRD region.According to the revised spatial pattern for the YRD in 2035,the farmland area accounts for 43.59%of the total YRD,which is 5.35%less than that in 2010.Forest,grassland,and water area account for 40.46%of the total YRD—an increase of 1.42%compared with the case in 2010.Construction land accounts for 14.72%of the total YRD—an increase of 2.77%compared with the case in 2010.The ES-FS-USD spatial optimization framework ensures that spatial optimization outcomes are aligned with the natural endowments of land resources,thereby promoting the sustainable use of land resources,improving the ability of spatial management,and providing valuable insights for decision makers.
文摘This study investigated the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,volatile flavor components,microbial communities,and sensory evaluation of high-temperature Daqu(HTD)during the maturation process,and a standard system was established for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD.There were obvious changes in the physicochemical properties,enzyme activities,and volatile flavor components at different storage periods,which affected the sensory evaluation of HTD to a certain extent.The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed significant microbial diversity,and showed that the bacterial community changed significantly more than did the fungal community.During the storage process,the dominant bacterial genera were Kroppenstedtia and Thermoascus.The correlation between dominant microorganisms and quality indicators highlighted their role in HTD quality.Lactococcus,Candida,Pichia,Paecilomyces,and protease activity played a crucial role in the formation of isovaleraldehyde.Acidic protease activity had the greatest impact on the microbial community.Moisture promoted isobutyric acid generation.Furthermore,the comprehensive quality evaluation standard system was established by the entropy weight method combined with multi-factor fuzzy mathematics.Consequently,this study provides innovative insights for comprehensive quality evaluation of HTD during storage and establishes a groundwork for scientific and rational storage of HTD and quality control of sauce-flavor Baijiu.
文摘采用顶空固相微萃取(headspace solid-phase microextraction,HS-SPME)和液液萃取(liquid-liquid extraction,LLE)结合全二维气相色谱飞行时间质谱(comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography time of flight mass spectrometry,GC×GC-TOF-MS)以及香气活度值(odour active value,OAV),对红星二锅头白酒的挥发性成分进行全面解析。研究发现,HS-SPME、LLE分别定性出928、802种挥发性化合物,共计定性出1304种挥发性化合物,共同定性出426种挥发性化合物。基于HS-SPME数据,通过香气数据库筛选出具有香气特征的382种香气化合物,其中酯类相对百分含量占比最高,其次是醇类、酸类和醛类。计算得到了49种香气化合物OAV>1,其中酯类(辛酸乙酯、异戊酸乙酯等)和萜烯类(β-大马酮)对白酒风味的贡献最大,醛类(异戊醛、己醛等)和含硫类(二甲基三硫)其次,醇类(1-辛烯-3-醇)和含氮类(2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪)也有一定风味贡献。该研究丰富了红星二锅头白酒的风味研究,也为下一步生产研究及调控提供了理论和数据支撑。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32372723,U1906205)Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2023CXPT018,2022TZXD0025)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2023MC206)Key Research and Development Task Special Project of Xinjiang(Grant No.2022B02002)。
文摘Tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is one of the most consumed vegetable crops around the world,and its breeding is performed by exploiting heterosis in F1hybrid crosses.Male sterility is one of the most desirable agronomic traits in tomato hybrid seed production,as it can reduce the cost of artificial emasculation and ensure high varietal purity.Abnormal pollen development is a critical factor for male sterility.To date,several genes have been identified to be involved in pollen development,in which EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1(EMS1)controls the formation of tapetum,which is necessary for pollen production(Chang et al.,2011).EMS1 encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase that is specifically expressed in the tapetum.In Arabidopsis,the anthers in the ems1mutant lack tapetal cells but can produce excess microsporocytes,which do not undergo cytokinesis,leading to microsporogenesis failure and male sterility(Zhao et al.,2002).However,there is no evidence of the role of EMS1 in tomato pollen development,which limits a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying tomato male fertility.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074332).
文摘Natural gas hydrates(hereinafter referred to as hydrates)are a promising clean energy source.However,their current development is far from reaching commercial exploitation.Reservoir stimulation tech-nology provides new approaches to enhance hydrate development effectiveness.Addressing the current lack of quantitative and objective methods for evaluating the fracability of hydrate reservoirs,this study clarifies the relationship between geological and engineering fracability and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model for hydrate reservoir fracability based on grey relational analysis and the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation method.By integrating results from hydraulic fracturing experiments on hydrate sediments,the fracability of hydrate reservoirs is assessed.The concept of critical construction parameter curves for hydrate reservoirs is introduced for the first time.Additionally,two-dimensional fracability index evaluation charts and three-dimensional fracability construction condition discrimination charts are established.The results indicate that as the comprehensive fracability index increases,the feasibility of forming fractures in hydrate reservoirs improves,and the required normalized fracturing construction parameters gradually decrease.The accuracy rate of the charts in judging experimental results reached 89.74%,enabling quick evaluations of whether hydrate reservoirs are worth fracturing,easy to fracture,and capable of being fractured.This has significant engineering implications forthehydraulicfracturingof hydratereservoirs.
基金supported by the High-Level Public Health Technical Talent Building Program (Discipline Leader-01-01)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH 2022-1-2032)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (82072136)Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan (DFL20240302)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Post-cardiac arrest brain injury remains the leading cause of mortality and longterm disability in patients following cardiac arrest(CA).However,optimizing clinical management strategies for bundled therapy after CA still faces challenges.METHODS:For this literature review,we searched PubMed,Web of Science,and SpringerLink databases for high-quality studies published between December 1982 and July 1,2024.The search included randomized clinical trials,meta-analyses,systematic reviews,and observational studies.References in included studies were also checked to identify additional sources.RESULTS:Many studies have identified potential targets for interventions to mitigate brain injury and improve outcomes for post-resuscitated patients.To optimize clinical management strategies to minimize brain injury after CA,we developed the acronym “SOOTEST-ICU” bundle,which includes “SOOTEST” therapy to optimize peripheral oxygen delivery and “ICU” intervention to optimize the cerebral oxygen cascade.The order of the “SOOTEST” treatment was organized based on the severity and importance of brain oxygen aff ecting brain injury.It includes systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure management,oxygenation and ventilation management,original etiological treatment,temperature control,electrolytes and acid basic status,seizure control,and targeted substrate delivery.The acronym “ICU” intervention includes intracerebral oxygen delivery,cerebral oxygen diff usion,and oxygen utilization.CONCLUSION:The “SOOTEST-ICU” therapy is developed to optimize oxygen and substrate cascades to minimize brain injury after CA.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 42293351,41877239,51422904 and 51379112).
文摘Advanced geological prediction is a crucial means to ensure safety and efficiency in tunnel construction.However,diff erent advanced geological forecasting methods have their own limitations,resulting in poor detection accuracy.Using multiple methods to carry out a comprehensive evaluation can eff ectively improve the accuracy of advanced geological prediction results.In this study,geological information is combined with the detection results of geophysical methods,including transient electromagnetic,induced polarization,and tunnel seismic prediction,to establish a comprehensive analysis method of adverse geology.First,the possible main adverse geological problems are determined according to the geological information.Subsequently,various physical parameters of the rock mass in front of the tunnel face can then be derived on the basis of multisource geophysical data.Finally,based on the analysis results of geological information,the multisource data fusion algorithm is used to determine the type,location,and scale of adverse geology.The advanced geological prediction results that can provide eff ective guidance for tunnel construction can then be obtained.
基金supported by the Research Project of Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province(No.2023SFYM008)Key Project of Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.JCZRLH202500304).
文摘Objective ZW10 interacting kinetochore protein(ZWINT)has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the growth,invasion,and migration of cancers.Nevertheless,whether the expression levels of ZWINT are significantly correlated with clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic outcomes of patients with breast cancer remains elusive.This study systematically investigated the clinical significance of ZWINT expression in breast cancer through integrated molecular subtyping and survival analysis.Methods We systematically characterized the spatial expression pattern of ZWINT across various breast cancer subtypes and assessed its prognostic significance using an integrated bioinformatics approach that involved multi-omics analysis.The approach included the Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v5.1(bc-GenExMiner v5.1),TNMplot,MuTarget,PrognoScan database,and Database for Annotation,Visualization,and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).Results Our analysis revealed consistent upregulation of ZWINT mRNA and protein expression across distinct clinicopathological subtypes of breast cancer.ZWINT overexpression demonstrated significant co-occurrence with truncating mutations in cadherin 1(CDH1)and tumor protein p53(TP53),suggesting potential functional crosstalk in tumor progression pathways.The overexpression of ZWINT correlated with adverse clinical outcomes,showing 48%increased mortality risk(overall survival:HR 1.48,95%CI 1.23–1.79),66%higher recurrence probability(relapse-free survival:1.66,95%CI 1.50–1.84),and 63%elevated metastasis risk(distant metastasis-free survival:HR 1.63,95%CI 1.39–1.90).Multivariate Cox regression incorporating TNM staging and molecular subtypes confirmed ZWINT as an independent prognostic determinant(P<0.001,Harrell’s C-index=0.7827),which was validated through bootstrap resampling(1000 iterations).Conclusion ZWINT may serve as a potential biomarker for prognosis and a possible therapeutic target alongside TP53/CDH1 in breast cancer.
文摘Dear Editor,Local recurrence and cervical lymph node metastases are major causes of mortality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC).To date,none of the proposed strategies for predicting outcomes in this disease have proven fully effective,and a comprehensive physical examination remains the primary method for early detection and monitoring of HNSCC.
文摘“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People,s Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was“Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University”,which was changed into “Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis”in 1958owing to the name change of the university.
文摘“Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)”is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the People s Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was“Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University”,which was changed into“Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis”in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.
文摘Currently,the International Maritime Organization(IMO)has approved and implemented the assessment requirement for Minimum Propulsion Power(MPP)of ships in adverse sea conditions.The assessment method and relevant influence factors will have a vital impact on ship's design and operation.On the other hand,MPP is essentially a criterion for manoeuvring safety at actual seas.However,the practical assessment methods adopted in IMO guidelines do not directly and accurately account for ship's coursekeeping ability in severe seas.A time-domain comprehensive method with supplementary course-keeping ability criteria has been proposed in the authors'preliminary research.Based on an updated mathematical model and criteria,this paper presents more detailed elaborations,results and discussions on the time-domain method,including the comparative analyses with a power line method and two steady-state equilibrium methods based on IMO guidelines and draft.Discussions on the influences of key factors,involving criterion conditions and calculation parameters,are also presented.The results indicate that different methods exhibit varying advantages and complexity in MPP assessment,thus constituting a multi-level assessment framework for MPP.In particular,the time-domain comprehensive assessment has a higher accuracy with more realistic description of manoeuvre behaviors,capable of offering a solution for the ships that cannot meet other assessments,or for the assessment requiring additional course-keeping ability.Furthermore,an expanded range of wave direction sets a stricter but potentially necessary requirement,while using the self-propulsion factors at low speeds can eliminate the unnecessary conservation of assessment result caused by those at design speed.
文摘During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,China has further strengthened its industrial system,making it more complete,efficient,and resilient.Today,China has solidified its position as the world’s largest manufacturer,distinguished by its uniquely comprehensive industrial system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32200379)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,China(2023GXNSFBA026309)the Survey and Assessment of Priority Areas for Biodiversity Conservation in the Terrestrial Area of Guangxi,China(2022-2023).
文摘Dear Editor, The family Xenodermidae encompasses six recognized genera, among which Achalinus Peters, 1869, represents the most species-rich taxon. This genus is extensively distributed across eastern and southeastern Asia, from northern Vietnam through southwestern China, with some populations extending into Japan (Zhao, 2006;Li et al., 2024). Recent advancements in comprehensive fieldwork and molecular techniques have facilitated the revelation of previously underestimated biodiversity within the genus Achalinus. Scientific literature has recorded the discovery and description of over 20 new species within the past five years (Li et al., 2024;Xu et al., 2025). Currently, 28 species are recognized within the genus, with a substantial majority (21 species) found in China (Uetz et al., 2025).
基金Supported by National Wheat Industry Technology System"Linyi Integrated Experimental Station"(CARS-03-66)Shandong Provincial Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System"Linyi Integrated Experimental Station"(SDATT-01-18).
文摘[Objectives]To identify the drought resistance of main wheat varieties in Shandong Province and screen suitable cultivars for dryland cultivation.[Methods]Employing eight varieties including Jimai 60 as test materials,this study simulated drought stress using 20%PEG-6000 and measured changes in germination-stage indicators.A comprehensive evaluation was conducted using the membership function method,incorporating relative coleoptile length,relative germ length,relative radicle length,relative germination rate,relative germination potential,and stress germination index.[Results]Drought stress not only reduced wheat seed germination rate but also inhibited the growth of the germ,coleoptile,and radicle.The D values of the eight varieties were ranked as follows:Jimai 60>Linmai 9>Yannong 999>Shannong 30>Shannong 28>Luyuan 502>Yannong 1212>Jimai 22.Based on D values,the eight dominant wheat varieties were classified into three categories:highly drought-resistant varieties(Linmai 9 and Jimai 60),moderately drought-resistant varieties(Yannong 999 and Shannong 30),and sensitive varieties(the others).Linmai 9 and Jimai 60 are recommended as suitable wheat varieties for dryland cultivation in Shandong Province.[Conclusions]Drought stress induced by 20%PEG-6000 reduced germination rate,germination potential,and germination index of wheat varieties while inhibiting the growth of coleoptiles and radicles.These indicators can provide a preliminary assessment of drought resistance in wheat cultivars.However,since filter paper was selected as the growth medium,root length measurement errors were introduced during root washing,leading to variations in final experimental results.Futuer studies could attempt using sterilized sand as an alternative growth medium.
文摘Both China and Indonesia are influential maritime powers in the Asia-Pacific region.Strengthening practical maritime cooperation is highly significant to both sides as an important component of comprehensive strategic cooperation.Maritime cooperation has become a prominent part of the“five pillar”cooperation framework between the two countries alongside political,economic,people-to-people exchange,and security,playing a positive role in elevating the China-Indonesia comprehensive strategic partnership to a higher level.
