The load spectrum of the main bearing of tunnel boring machine( TBM) is difficult to establish because of the complex factors affecting the driving load of tunneling. In this paper, a simulation model of dynamic load ...The load spectrum of the main bearing of tunnel boring machine( TBM) is difficult to establish because of the complex factors affecting the driving load of tunneling. In this paper, a simulation model of dynamic load of cutterhead is established,with a view to structural features and special conditions, based on a complex combination stratum, the cutter layout model and cutterhead control parameters,and it is a dynamic load boundary of the main drive bearing. Combined with the load distribution calculation of the main bearing and Hertz contact theory, the prediction model of dynamic load spectrum of the main drive bearing is completed during tunneling,and in accordance with the predicted results,the static and dynamics characteristics of load spectrum for the main drive bearing on the thrust and tilting moment are analyzed. The results of cutterhead load show that,in the certain complex stratum, the fluctuations of load for thrust rollers can reflect formation interface information of complex stratum in current tunneling. The main drive bearing bear the thrust and overturning moment of cutterhead under the composite,the external load has a greater influence on the load-spectrum of reverse thrust roller than that of main thrust roller,and the maximum contact stress of the two row roller is almost the same. The load spectrum,obtained by this method,can provide a meaningful reference for the design and checking of the main drive bearing,and also can be the basis of its fatigue reliability.展开更多
The epidermis, and in particular its outermost layer, the stratum corneum, contributes much of the barrier function of the skin and is a readily visible representation of skin health. Maintaining the health of the ski...The epidermis, and in particular its outermost layer, the stratum corneum, contributes much of the barrier function of the skin and is a readily visible representation of skin health. Maintaining the health of the skin barrier has arguably become more important than ever in the modern world, in which a large majority of people are exposed to environmental insults. These external factors can damage the integrity of the skin barrier and prematurely age the skin. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to maintain and protect the stratum corneum. Here, we briefly review the complex, multilayered structure of the skin and relate it to clinically translatable function, with an emphasis on the stratum corneum. In the context of epidermal structure and function, the formulation and clinical data for Phelityl® Reviving Cream will be reviewed. Phelityl Reviving Cream was shown to be associated with improvements in both immediate- and long-term parameters, including a significant positive effect on the skin barrier and immediate and long-lasting hydration.展开更多
基金Scientific Research Project of Department of Education of Liaoning Province,China(No.L2014228)
文摘The load spectrum of the main bearing of tunnel boring machine( TBM) is difficult to establish because of the complex factors affecting the driving load of tunneling. In this paper, a simulation model of dynamic load of cutterhead is established,with a view to structural features and special conditions, based on a complex combination stratum, the cutter layout model and cutterhead control parameters,and it is a dynamic load boundary of the main drive bearing. Combined with the load distribution calculation of the main bearing and Hertz contact theory, the prediction model of dynamic load spectrum of the main drive bearing is completed during tunneling,and in accordance with the predicted results,the static and dynamics characteristics of load spectrum for the main drive bearing on the thrust and tilting moment are analyzed. The results of cutterhead load show that,in the certain complex stratum, the fluctuations of load for thrust rollers can reflect formation interface information of complex stratum in current tunneling. The main drive bearing bear the thrust and overturning moment of cutterhead under the composite,the external load has a greater influence on the load-spectrum of reverse thrust roller than that of main thrust roller,and the maximum contact stress of the two row roller is almost the same. The load spectrum,obtained by this method,can provide a meaningful reference for the design and checking of the main drive bearing,and also can be the basis of its fatigue reliability.
文摘The epidermis, and in particular its outermost layer, the stratum corneum, contributes much of the barrier function of the skin and is a readily visible representation of skin health. Maintaining the health of the skin barrier has arguably become more important than ever in the modern world, in which a large majority of people are exposed to environmental insults. These external factors can damage the integrity of the skin barrier and prematurely age the skin. Therefore, it has become increasingly important to maintain and protect the stratum corneum. Here, we briefly review the complex, multilayered structure of the skin and relate it to clinically translatable function, with an emphasis on the stratum corneum. In the context of epidermal structure and function, the formulation and clinical data for Phelityl® Reviving Cream will be reviewed. Phelityl Reviving Cream was shown to be associated with improvements in both immediate- and long-term parameters, including a significant positive effect on the skin barrier and immediate and long-lasting hydration.
