The boundary integral equation method （BIEM） is now widely used in numerical studies on earthquake rupture dynamics, and is proved to be a powerful tool to deal with problems on complex fault system. However, since ...The boundary integral equation method （BIEM） is now widely used in numerical studies on earthquake rupture dynamics, and is proved to be a powerful tool to deal with problems on complex fault system. However, since this method heavily lies on the specific forms of Green＇s function and only the Green＇s function in full-space has a closed analytic expression, it is usually limited to a full-space medium. In this study, as a first step to extend this method to an arbitrary complex fault system in half-space, the boundary integral equations （BIEs） for dynamic strike-slip on vertical complex fault system in half-space are derived based on exact Green＇s function for isotropic and homogeneous half-space. Effect of the geometry of the complex fault system are dealt with carefully. Final BIEs is composed of two parts： contribution from full-space, which has been thoroughly investigated by Aochi and his co-workers by using the Green＇s function for full-space, and that from free surface, which is studied in detail in this study.展开更多
In industrial processes,there exist faults that have complex effect on process variables.Complex and simple faults are defined according to their effect dimensions.The conventional approaches based on structured resid...In industrial processes,there exist faults that have complex effect on process variables.Complex and simple faults are defined according to their effect dimensions.The conventional approaches based on structured residuals cannot isolate complex faults.This paper presents a multi-level strategy for complex fault isolation.An extraction procedure is employed to reduce the complex faults to simple ones and assign them to several levels.On each level,faults are isolated by their different responses in the structured residuals.Each residual is obtained insensitive to one fault but more sensitive to others.The faults on different levels are verified to have different residual responses and will not be confused.An entire incidence matrix containing residual response characteristics of all faults is obtained,based on which faults can be isolated.The proposed method is applied in the Tennessee Eastman process example,and the effectiveness and advantage are demonstrated.展开更多
The geological background of the Subei basin is that of small relief subsidence, low geothermal gradient, multi-sedimentary hiatuses, intense reconstruction of the basin, frequent magmatic activity, and a unique combi...The geological background of the Subei basin is that of small relief subsidence, low geothermal gradient, multi-sedimentary hiatuses, intense reconstruction of the basin, frequent magmatic activity, and a unique combination of source rock and reservoir. This geological background resulted in characteristics such as many small fault blocks, multiple oil-bearing formations, scattered oil distribution, mini- to small-sized reservoirs, and difficulties in exploration. Aimed at such characteristics, an effective exploration strategy was adopted, and the oil reserves, production and economic benefits of the Jiangsu oilfield were significantly increased. This exploration strategy included understanding the hydrocarbon generation mechanism of source rocks, progressive evaluation of oil resources, comprehensive research on the faulted systems, the distribution of oil reservoirs and their controlling factors. The techniques used included integration of acquisition, processing and interpretation with 3-D seismics as the core technology, trap description and evaluation, directional drilling and cluster drilling, integration of cuttings logging, gas chromatographic logging and geochemical logging, and integration of early reservoir description and progressive exploration and development. This strategy could be guidance for other complex fault blocks.展开更多
Oil and gas facilities used in the petroleum industry can be considered as complex dynamic systems in that they require different types of equipment with various causal relationships among components and process varia...Oil and gas facilities used in the petroleum industry can be considered as complex dynamic systems in that they require different types of equipment with various causal relationships among components and process variables under monitoring.As the systems grow increasingly large,high speed,automated and intelligent,the nonlinear relations among these process variables and their effects on accidents are to be fully understood for both system reliability and safety assurance.Failures that occur during the process can both cause tremendous loss to the petroleum industry and compromise product quality and affect the environment.Therefore,failures should be detected as soon as possible,and the root causes need to be identified so that corrections can be made in time to avoid further loss,which relate to the safety prognostic technology.By investigation of the relationship of accident causing factors in complex systems,new progress into diagnosis and prognostic technology from international research institutions is reviewed,and research highlights from China University of Petroleum（Beijing） in this area are also presented.By analyzing the present domestic and overseas research situations,the current problems and future directions in the fundamental research and engineering applications are proposed.展开更多
In the middle and second half of oilfield development,further exploration and development of petroleum reservoirs in complex fault blocks are major tasks.Based on the characteristics of fully developed farewell faults...In the middle and second half of oilfield development,further exploration and development of petroleum reservoirs in complex fault blocks are major tasks.Based on the characteristics of fully developed farewell faults in the Wenweigu oil field and the data from 3D earthquakes,RFT,HDT and other techniques,farewell faults and their distribution were identified.Conformation of the fault blocks has been provided and the precision of describing the farewell faults improved.Research technology of farewell faults has applied these methods in this region.展开更多
The first-principles method based on the projector augmented wave method within the generalized gradient approximation was employed to calculate the superlattice intrinsic stacking fault（SISF） and complex stacking f...The first-principles method based on the projector augmented wave method within the generalized gradient approximation was employed to calculate the superlattice intrinsic stacking fault（SISF） and complex stacking fault（CSF） energies of the binary Ni3Al alloys with different Al contents and the ternary Ni3Al intermetallic alloys with addition of alloying elements,such as Pd,Pt,Ti,Mo,Ta,W and Re.The results show that the energies of SISF and CSF increase significantly with increase of Al contents in Ni3Al.Addition of Pd and Pt occupying the Ni sublattices does not change the SISF and CSF energies of Ni3Al markedly in comparison with the Ni-23.75Al alloy.While addition of alloying elements,such as Ti,Mo,Ta,W and Re,occupying the Al sublattices dramatically increases the SISF and CSF energies of Ni3Al.The results suggest that the energies of SISF and CSF are dependent both on the Al contents and on the site occupancy of the ternary alloying element in Ni3Al intermetallic alloys.展开更多
The spatial and temproal evolution of strain. fault displacement and acoustic emissions during deformation of fault systems with different geometrical textures are studied experimentally under biaxial compresison, and...The spatial and temproal evolution of strain. fault displacement and acoustic emissions during deformation of fault systems with different geometrical textures are studied experimentally under biaxial compresison, and the characteristics of typical instability events are analysed. The results show that fault systems with different geometrical textures have different evolutional images of physical field during deformation. Based on the characteristics of physical field and the deformation mechanism, various types of instability - two types of stick-slip, fracturing type and mixed type instability can be recognized. Different types of instability differ clearly in their precursors, and the instability type is closely related with the geometrical texture and the deformation stage of the fault system. Therefore, it is very significant for earthquake prediction and precursor analysis to investigatethe geometrical textures of natural active faults.展开更多
Metamorphic core complexes are a basic structural pattern related to extensional tectonics. Several characteristics of different scales of metamorphic core complexes in the Fangshan and Yunmengshan (Beijing) , Zhongti...Metamorphic core complexes are a basic structural pattern related to extensional tectonics. Several characteristics of different scales of metamorphic core complexes in the Fangshan and Yunmengshan (Beijing) , Zhongtiaoshan (Shanxi) , and Dengfong (Henan) are examined. A three-layer model for metam orphic core complexes is suggested . The conclusion is that metam orphic core complexes are the result of multiphase intracontinental crustal extensions and are an important tectonic pattern. which exposes the basement metam orphic rocks to the ground surface in the intracontinental cover .展开更多
Take the lacustrine delta in the second member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in block Wang43, Dongying depression, Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the deposition architectural characteristics of lacustrine deltaic sa...Take the lacustrine delta in the second member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in block Wang43, Dongying depression, Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the deposition architectural characteristics of lacustrine deltaic sand bodies controlled by syn-depositional faults in complex fault blocks of rift basin are examined from the aspect of the tectonic-deposition response, using cores, well logs and three-dimensional seismic data. The small-scale syn-depositional faults in complex fault blocks are dense and different in dip, the activity along the strike of syn-depositional fault varies in different positions, and all these control the sedimentary process of deltaic sand bodies. Influenced by syn-depositional faults, the deltaic distributary channel is more likely to pass through the position with weak fault activity, and be deflected or limited at the position with strong fault activity. In downthrown side of a single syn-depositional fault or micro-graben areas, sand bodies increase in thickness and planar scale, and sand bodies of multiple stages are likely to stack over each other vertically. In micro-horst areas controlled by syn-depositional faults, the sand bodies decrease in abundance, and appear in intermittent superimposed pattern vertically. This study can provide new research ideas and theoretical basis for exploration and development research in complex fault blocks.展开更多
This paper derives from the representation theory the formula for calculating the radiation excited by heterogeneous fault rupture based on box-like discretization scheme. Preliminary validation indicates that our alg...This paper derives from the representation theory the formula for calculating the radiation excited by heterogeneous fault rupture based on box-like discretization scheme. Preliminary validation indicates that our algorithm has very high computation precision and efficiency; therefore, it is a very practical tool to investigate strong ground motion problems. Additionally, the equations given in this study can also be used to invert the fault rupture process.展开更多
基金supported by the President Fund of GUCAS(No. O85101CM03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.90715019 and 40821062)partially by National Basic Research Program of China (No.2004CB418404)
文摘The boundary integral equation method （BIEM） is now widely used in numerical studies on earthquake rupture dynamics, and is proved to be a powerful tool to deal with problems on complex fault system. However, since this method heavily lies on the specific forms of Green＇s function and only the Green＇s function in full-space has a closed analytic expression, it is usually limited to a full-space medium. In this study, as a first step to extend this method to an arbitrary complex fault system in half-space, the boundary integral equations （BIEs） for dynamic strike-slip on vertical complex fault system in half-space are derived based on exact Green＇s function for isotropic and homogeneous half-space. Effect of the geometry of the complex fault system are dealt with carefully. Final BIEs is composed of two parts： contribution from full-space, which has been thoroughly investigated by Aochi and his co-workers by using the Green＇s function for full-space, and that from free surface, which is studied in detail in this study.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60574047)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2007AA04Z168,2009AA04Z154)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education in China(20050335018)
文摘In industrial processes,there exist faults that have complex effect on process variables.Complex and simple faults are defined according to their effect dimensions.The conventional approaches based on structured residuals cannot isolate complex faults.This paper presents a multi-level strategy for complex fault isolation.An extraction procedure is employed to reduce the complex faults to simple ones and assign them to several levels.On each level,faults are isolated by their different responses in the structured residuals.Each residual is obtained insensitive to one fault but more sensitive to others.The faults on different levels are verified to have different residual responses and will not be confused.An entire incidence matrix containing residual response characteristics of all faults is obtained,based on which faults can be isolated.The proposed method is applied in the Tennessee Eastman process example,and the effectiveness and advantage are demonstrated.
文摘The geological background of the Subei basin is that of small relief subsidence, low geothermal gradient, multi-sedimentary hiatuses, intense reconstruction of the basin, frequent magmatic activity, and a unique combination of source rock and reservoir. This geological background resulted in characteristics such as many small fault blocks, multiple oil-bearing formations, scattered oil distribution, mini- to small-sized reservoirs, and difficulties in exploration. Aimed at such characteristics, an effective exploration strategy was adopted, and the oil reserves, production and economic benefits of the Jiangsu oilfield were significantly increased. This exploration strategy included understanding the hydrocarbon generation mechanism of source rocks, progressive evaluation of oil resources, comprehensive research on the faulted systems, the distribution of oil reservoirs and their controlling factors. The techniques used included integration of acquisition, processing and interpretation with 3-D seismics as the core technology, trap description and evaluation, directional drilling and cluster drilling, integration of cuttings logging, gas chromatographic logging and geochemical logging, and integration of early reservoir description and progressive exploration and development. This strategy could be guidance for other complex fault blocks.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51104168)the Excellent Doctoral Dissertation Supervisor Project of Beijing (Grant YB20111141401)+3 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-12-0972)PetroChina Innovation Foundation (Grant No. 2011D-5006-0408)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (3132027)Supported by Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum (No. YJRC-2013-35)
文摘Oil and gas facilities used in the petroleum industry can be considered as complex dynamic systems in that they require different types of equipment with various causal relationships among components and process variables under monitoring.As the systems grow increasingly large,high speed,automated and intelligent,the nonlinear relations among these process variables and their effects on accidents are to be fully understood for both system reliability and safety assurance.Failures that occur during the process can both cause tremendous loss to the petroleum industry and compromise product quality and affect the environment.Therefore,failures should be detected as soon as possible,and the root causes need to be identified so that corrections can be made in time to avoid further loss,which relate to the safety prognostic technology.By investigation of the relationship of accident causing factors in complex systems,new progress into diagnosis and prognostic technology from international research institutions is reviewed,and research highlights from China University of Petroleum（Beijing） in this area are also presented.By analyzing the present domestic and overseas research situations,the current problems and future directions in the fundamental research and engineering applications are proposed.
文摘In the middle and second half of oilfield development,further exploration and development of petroleum reservoirs in complex fault blocks are major tasks.Based on the characteristics of fully developed farewell faults in the Wenweigu oil field and the data from 3D earthquakes,RFT,HDT and other techniques,farewell faults and their distribution were identified.Conformation of the fault blocks has been provided and the precision of describing the farewell faults improved.Research technology of farewell faults has applied these methods in this region.
基金Project(50871065) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(08DJ1400402,09JC1407200,10DZ2290904) supported by the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality,China
文摘The first-principles method based on the projector augmented wave method within the generalized gradient approximation was employed to calculate the superlattice intrinsic stacking fault（SISF） and complex stacking fault（CSF） energies of the binary Ni3Al alloys with different Al contents and the ternary Ni3Al intermetallic alloys with addition of alloying elements,such as Pd,Pt,Ti,Mo,Ta,W and Re.The results show that the energies of SISF and CSF increase significantly with increase of Al contents in Ni3Al.Addition of Pd and Pt occupying the Ni sublattices does not change the SISF and CSF energies of Ni3Al markedly in comparison with the Ni-23.75Al alloy.While addition of alloying elements,such as Ti,Mo,Ta,W and Re,occupying the Al sublattices dramatically increases the SISF and CSF energies of Ni3Al.The results suggest that the energies of SISF and CSF are dependent both on the Al contents and on the site occupancy of the ternary alloying element in Ni3Al intermetallic alloys.
文摘The spatial and temproal evolution of strain. fault displacement and acoustic emissions during deformation of fault systems with different geometrical textures are studied experimentally under biaxial compresison, and the characteristics of typical instability events are analysed. The results show that fault systems with different geometrical textures have different evolutional images of physical field during deformation. Based on the characteristics of physical field and the deformation mechanism, various types of instability - two types of stick-slip, fracturing type and mixed type instability can be recognized. Different types of instability differ clearly in their precursors, and the instability type is closely related with the geometrical texture and the deformation stage of the fault system. Therefore, it is very significant for earthquake prediction and precursor analysis to investigatethe geometrical textures of natural active faults.
文摘Metamorphic core complexes are a basic structural pattern related to extensional tectonics. Several characteristics of different scales of metamorphic core complexes in the Fangshan and Yunmengshan (Beijing) , Zhongtiaoshan (Shanxi) , and Dengfong (Henan) are examined. A three-layer model for metam orphic core complexes is suggested . The conclusion is that metam orphic core complexes are the result of multiphase intracontinental crustal extensions and are an important tectonic pattern. which exposes the basement metam orphic rocks to the ground surface in the intracontinental cover .
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05011-002,2016ZX05010-001,2016ZX05011-001)the National Basic Research Program(973)Program(2015CB250901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902122)
文摘Take the lacustrine delta in the second member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in block Wang43, Dongying depression, Bohai Bay Basin as an example, the deposition architectural characteristics of lacustrine deltaic sand bodies controlled by syn-depositional faults in complex fault blocks of rift basin are examined from the aspect of the tectonic-deposition response, using cores, well logs and three-dimensional seismic data. The small-scale syn-depositional faults in complex fault blocks are dense and different in dip, the activity along the strike of syn-depositional fault varies in different positions, and all these control the sedimentary process of deltaic sand bodies. Influenced by syn-depositional faults, the deltaic distributary channel is more likely to pass through the position with weak fault activity, and be deflected or limited at the position with strong fault activity. In downthrown side of a single syn-depositional fault or micro-graben areas, sand bodies increase in thickness and planar scale, and sand bodies of multiple stages are likely to stack over each other vertically. In micro-horst areas controlled by syn-depositional faults, the sand bodies decrease in abundance, and appear in intermittent superimposed pattern vertically. This study can provide new research ideas and theoretical basis for exploration and development research in complex fault blocks.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (40474011 and 40521002).
文摘This paper derives from the representation theory the formula for calculating the radiation excited by heterogeneous fault rupture based on box-like discretization scheme. Preliminary validation indicates that our algorithm has very high computation precision and efficiency; therefore, it is a very practical tool to investigate strong ground motion problems. Additionally, the equations given in this study can also be used to invert the fault rupture process.
