Derris fordii and Derris elliptica belong to the Derris genus of the Fabaceae family, distinguished by their high isoflavonoid content, particularly rotenoids, which hold significance in pharmaceuticals and agricultur...Derris fordii and Derris elliptica belong to the Derris genus of the Fabaceae family, distinguished by their high isoflavonoid content, particularly rotenoids, which hold significance in pharmaceuticals and agriculture. Rotenone, as a prominent rotenoid, has a longstanding history of use in pesticides, veterinary applications, medicine, and medical research. The accumulation of rotenoids within Derris plants adheres to species-specific and tissue-specific patterns and is also influenced by environmental factors. Current research predominantly addresses extraction techniques, pharmacological applications, and pesticide formulations, whereas investigations into the biosynthesis pathway and regulatory mechanism of rotenoids remain relatively scarce. In this study, we observed notable differences in rotenone content across the roots, stems, and leaves of D. fordii, as well as within the roots of D. elliptica. Utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we analyzed the transcriptomes and expression profiles of unigenes from these four tissues, identifying a total of 121,576 unigenes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four comparison groups demonstrated significant enrichment in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Key unigenes implicated in the rotenoid biosynthesis pathway were identified, with PAL, C4H, CHS, CHI, IFS, and HI4OMT playing critical roles in D. fordii, while IFS and HI4OMT were determined to be essential for rotenoid biosynthesis in D. elliptica. These findings enhance our understanding of the biosynthesis mechanism of rotenoids in Derris species. The unigenes identified in this study represent promising candidates for future investigations aimed at validating their roles in rotenoid biosynthesis.展开更多
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is an important traditional herb in eastern Asia. It contains ginsenosides, which are primary bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. Although ginseng has been cultivated since at leas...Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is an important traditional herb in eastern Asia. It contains ginsenosides, which are primary bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. Although ginseng has been cultivated since at least the Ming dynasty to increase production, cultivated ginseng has lower quantities of ginsenosides and lower disease resistance than ginseng grown under natural conditions. We extracted root RNA from six varieties of fifth-year P. ginseng cultivars representing four different growth conditions, and performed Illumina paired-end sequencing. In total, 163,165,706 raw reads were obtained and used to generate a de novo transcriptome that consisted of 151,763 contigs(76,336 unigenes), of which 100,648 contigs(66.3%) were successfully annotated. Differential expression analysis revealed that most differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were upregulated(246 out of 258, 95.3%) in ginseng grown under natural conditions compared with that grown under artificial conditions. These DEGs were enriched in gene ontology(GO) terms including response to stimuli and localization. In particular, some key ginsenoside biosynthesis-related genes, including HMG-Co A synthase(HMGS), mevalonate kinase(MVK), and squalene epoxidase(SE), were upregulated in wild-grown ginseng. Moreover, a high proportion of disease resistance-related genes were upregulated in wild-grown ginseng. This study is the first transcriptome analysis to compare wild-grown and cultivated ginseng, and identifies genes that may produce higher ginsenoside content and better disease resistance in the wild; these genes may have the potential to improve cultivated ginseng grown in artificial environments.展开更多
Trichoderma reesei Rut-C-30 is a well-known robust producer of cellulolytic enzymes,which are used to degrade lignocellulosic biomass for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals.However,studies of its ...Trichoderma reesei Rut-C-30 is a well-known robust producer of cellulolytic enzymes,which are used to degrade lignocellulosic biomass for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals.However,studies of its sec-ondary metabolism and regulation remain scarce.Ypr1 was previously described as a regulator of the biosynthesis of the yellow pigment sorbicillin(a bioactive agent with great pharmaceutical interest)in T.reesei and several other fungi.However,the manner in which this regulator affects global gene transcription has not been explored.In this study,we report the effect of Ypr1 on the regulation of both the secondary and primary metabolism of T.reesei Rut-C30.A global gene transcription profile was obtained using a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the wild-type strain T.reesei Rut-C-30 and its ypr1 deletion mutant.The results of this analysis suggest that,in addition to its role in regulating sorbicillin and the major extracellular(hemi)cellulases,Ypr1 also affects the transcription of genes encoding several other secondary metabolites.Although the primary metabolism of T.reeseiΔypr1 became less active compared with that of T.reesei Rut-C-30,several gene clusters involved in its secondary metabolism were activated,such as the gene clusters for the biosynthesis of specific polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides,together with the“sorbicillinoid-cellulase”super cluster,indicating that specific secondary metabolites and cellulases may be co-regulated in T.reesei Rut-C-30.The results presented in this study may benefit the development of genetic engineering strategies for the production of sorbicillin by T.reesei Rut-C-30,and provide insights for enhancing sorbicillin production in other filamentous fungal producers.展开更多
基金Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent Special Fund,Project No.AD21220130Guangxi Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain,Project No.20-065-7Guangxi Institute of Botany Fund,Project No.21014.
文摘Derris fordii and Derris elliptica belong to the Derris genus of the Fabaceae family, distinguished by their high isoflavonoid content, particularly rotenoids, which hold significance in pharmaceuticals and agriculture. Rotenone, as a prominent rotenoid, has a longstanding history of use in pesticides, veterinary applications, medicine, and medical research. The accumulation of rotenoids within Derris plants adheres to species-specific and tissue-specific patterns and is also influenced by environmental factors. Current research predominantly addresses extraction techniques, pharmacological applications, and pesticide formulations, whereas investigations into the biosynthesis pathway and regulatory mechanism of rotenoids remain relatively scarce. In this study, we observed notable differences in rotenone content across the roots, stems, and leaves of D. fordii, as well as within the roots of D. elliptica. Utilizing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we analyzed the transcriptomes and expression profiles of unigenes from these four tissues, identifying a total of 121,576 unigenes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across four comparison groups demonstrated significant enrichment in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Key unigenes implicated in the rotenoid biosynthesis pathway were identified, with PAL, C4H, CHS, CHI, IFS, and HI4OMT playing critical roles in D. fordii, while IFS and HI4OMT were determined to be essential for rotenoid biosynthesis in D. elliptica. These findings enhance our understanding of the biosynthesis mechanism of rotenoids in Derris species. The unigenes identified in this study represent promising candidates for future investigations aimed at validating their roles in rotenoid biosynthesis.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation of China(2011DFA32730)
文摘Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer is an important traditional herb in eastern Asia. It contains ginsenosides, which are primary bioactive compounds with medicinal properties. Although ginseng has been cultivated since at least the Ming dynasty to increase production, cultivated ginseng has lower quantities of ginsenosides and lower disease resistance than ginseng grown under natural conditions. We extracted root RNA from six varieties of fifth-year P. ginseng cultivars representing four different growth conditions, and performed Illumina paired-end sequencing. In total, 163,165,706 raw reads were obtained and used to generate a de novo transcriptome that consisted of 151,763 contigs(76,336 unigenes), of which 100,648 contigs(66.3%) were successfully annotated. Differential expression analysis revealed that most differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were upregulated(246 out of 258, 95.3%) in ginseng grown under natural conditions compared with that grown under artificial conditions. These DEGs were enriched in gene ontology(GO) terms including response to stimuli and localization. In particular, some key ginsenoside biosynthesis-related genes, including HMG-Co A synthase(HMGS), mevalonate kinase(MVK), and squalene epoxidase(SE), were upregulated in wild-grown ginseng. Moreover, a high proportion of disease resistance-related genes were upregulated in wild-grown ginseng. This study is the first transcriptome analysis to compare wild-grown and cultivated ginseng, and identifies genes that may produce higher ginsenoside content and better disease resistance in the wild; these genes may have the potential to improve cultivated ginseng grown in artificial environments.
基金This work is supported by the State Key Research and Development Program(2022YFE0108500).
文摘Trichoderma reesei Rut-C-30 is a well-known robust producer of cellulolytic enzymes,which are used to degrade lignocellulosic biomass for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals.However,studies of its sec-ondary metabolism and regulation remain scarce.Ypr1 was previously described as a regulator of the biosynthesis of the yellow pigment sorbicillin(a bioactive agent with great pharmaceutical interest)in T.reesei and several other fungi.However,the manner in which this regulator affects global gene transcription has not been explored.In this study,we report the effect of Ypr1 on the regulation of both the secondary and primary metabolism of T.reesei Rut-C30.A global gene transcription profile was obtained using a comparative transcriptomic analysis of the wild-type strain T.reesei Rut-C-30 and its ypr1 deletion mutant.The results of this analysis suggest that,in addition to its role in regulating sorbicillin and the major extracellular(hemi)cellulases,Ypr1 also affects the transcription of genes encoding several other secondary metabolites.Although the primary metabolism of T.reeseiΔypr1 became less active compared with that of T.reesei Rut-C-30,several gene clusters involved in its secondary metabolism were activated,such as the gene clusters for the biosynthesis of specific polyketides and non-ribosomal peptides,together with the“sorbicillinoid-cellulase”super cluster,indicating that specific secondary metabolites and cellulases may be co-regulated in T.reesei Rut-C-30.The results presented in this study may benefit the development of genetic engineering strategies for the production of sorbicillin by T.reesei Rut-C-30,and provide insights for enhancing sorbicillin production in other filamentous fungal producers.
