In this paper, the authors outline a formal system for reasoning about agents＇ knowledge in knowledge games-a special type of multi-agent system. Knowledge games are card games where the agents＇ actions involve an e...In this paper, the authors outline a formal system for reasoning about agents＇ knowledge in knowledge games-a special type of multi-agent system. Knowledge games are card games where the agents＇ actions involve an exchange of information with other agents in the game. The authors＇ system is modeled using Coq-a formal proof management system. To the best of the authors＂ knowledge, there are no papers in which knowledge games are considered using a Coq proof assistant. The authors use the dynamic logic of common knowledge, where they particularly focus on the epistemic consequences of epistemic actions carried out by agents. The authors observe the changes in the system that result from such actions. Those changes that can occur in such a system that are of interest to the authors take the form of agents＇ knowledge about the state of the system, knowledge about other agents＇ knowledge, higher-order agents＇ knowledge and so on, up to common knowledge. Besides an axiomatic ofepistemic logic, the authors use a known axiomatization of card games that is extended with some new axioms that are required for the authors＇ approach. Due to a deficit in implementations grounded in theory that enable players to compute their knowledge in any state of the game, the authors show how the authors＇ approach can be used for these purposes.展开更多
As background knowledge of geographic information retrieval(GIR),the gazetteers have their limitations.In this paper we propose to develop and implement a com-mon sense geographic knowledge base(CSGKB)instead of the g...As background knowledge of geographic information retrieval(GIR),the gazetteers have their limitations.In this paper we propose to develop and implement a com-mon sense geographic knowledge base(CSGKB)instead of the gazetteers.We define that CSGKB is concerned with the representation of geographic knowledge in human brain and the simulation of geographic reasoning in daily life.Traditional geographic information system(GIS)is based on the model of map with its data based on geographic coordinates and its computation based on geometry.However,CSGKB,which is made up of geographic features and relationships and is based on qualitative spatio-temporal reasoning,can be viewed as the direct model of geographic world.This paper also discusses the characters of CSGKB and pre-sents its structure which is composed of knowledge base,inference engine,geo-graphic ontology and learner.The applications using CSGKB include geographic information retrieval(GIR),natural language processing(NLP),named entity rec-ognition(NER),Semantic Web,etc.At present,our work focuses on the design of geographic ontology and the implementation of the CSGKB knowledge base.In this paper we describe the CSGKB ontology structure,top ontology,geographic loca-tion ontology,spatial relationship ontology,and domain ontologies.Finally,we in-troduce the current state of implementation of CSGKB and give an outlook on our future researches.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the authors outline a formal system for reasoning about agents＇ knowledge in knowledge games-a special type of multi-agent system. Knowledge games are card games where the agents＇ actions involve an exchange of information with other agents in the game. The authors＇ system is modeled using Coq-a formal proof management system. To the best of the authors＂ knowledge, there are no papers in which knowledge games are considered using a Coq proof assistant. The authors use the dynamic logic of common knowledge, where they particularly focus on the epistemic consequences of epistemic actions carried out by agents. The authors observe the changes in the system that result from such actions. Those changes that can occur in such a system that are of interest to the authors take the form of agents＇ knowledge about the state of the system, knowledge about other agents＇ knowledge, higher-order agents＇ knowledge and so on, up to common knowledge. Besides an axiomatic ofepistemic logic, the authors use a known axiomatization of card games that is extended with some new axioms that are required for the authors＇ approach. Due to a deficit in implementations grounded in theory that enable players to compute their knowledge in any state of the game, the authors show how the authors＇ approach can be used for these purposes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40701134)the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2007AA12Z216)
文摘As background knowledge of geographic information retrieval(GIR),the gazetteers have their limitations.In this paper we propose to develop and implement a com-mon sense geographic knowledge base(CSGKB)instead of the gazetteers.We define that CSGKB is concerned with the representation of geographic knowledge in human brain and the simulation of geographic reasoning in daily life.Traditional geographic information system(GIS)is based on the model of map with its data based on geographic coordinates and its computation based on geometry.However,CSGKB,which is made up of geographic features and relationships and is based on qualitative spatio-temporal reasoning,can be viewed as the direct model of geographic world.This paper also discusses the characters of CSGKB and pre-sents its structure which is composed of knowledge base,inference engine,geo-graphic ontology and learner.The applications using CSGKB include geographic information retrieval(GIR),natural language processing(NLP),named entity rec-ognition(NER),Semantic Web,etc.At present,our work focuses on the design of geographic ontology and the implementation of the CSGKB knowledge base.In this paper we describe the CSGKB ontology structure,top ontology,geographic loca-tion ontology,spatial relationship ontology,and domain ontologies.Finally,we in-troduce the current state of implementation of CSGKB and give an outlook on our future researches.
