Listeria monocytogenes is the pathogen of listeriosis and it causes severe infections like septicemia, encephalitis, and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals, newborns, and pregnant women. Its wide ...Listeria monocytogenes is the pathogen of listeriosis and it causes severe infections like septicemia, encephalitis, and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals, newborns, and pregnant women. Its wide distribution in the environment and ability to survive or even grow under adverse conditions has made L. monocytogenes an important public health concern and in food industry.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the non-periodic, unstable and even chaotic echoes scattered from microbubbles which are extremely sensitive and may easily collapse, fragment or shrink when ultrasound contrast agents are expose...Objective: To analyze the non-periodic, unstable and even chaotic echoes scattered from microbubbles which are extremely sensitive and may easily collapse, fragment or shrink when ultrasound contrast agents are exposed to ultrasound (US) irradiation. Methods: The combined time-frequency analysis was applied to the original signals instead of the traditional Fourier spectral analysis technique. Results: The results obtained from simulation as well as experiment showed that the subharmonic, 2nd harmonic and ultra harmonic of the microbubbles occurred during the oscillation and varied with time. The dependence on the incident ultrasonic amplitude and microbubble parameters were established. Conclusion: The transient echoes backscattered from the ultrasound agent in the evaluation of the blood perfusion can be analyzed thoroughly by the technique of combined-frequency analysis and the time detail of the frequency contents can be revealed.展开更多
The present paper is addressed to the finite element method combined with dynamic photoelastic analysis of propagating cracks, that is, on the basis of [1] by Chien Wei-zang, finite elements which incorporate the prop...The present paper is addressed to the finite element method combined with dynamic photoelastic analysis of propagating cracks, that is, on the basis of [1] by Chien Wei-zang, finite elements which incorporate the propagating crack-tip singularity intrinsic to two-dimensional elasticity are employed. THe relation between crack opening length and time step obtained from dynamic photoelaslie analysis is used as a definite condition for solving the dynamic equations and simulating the crack propagations as well As an example, the impact response of dynamie-bending-test specimen is investigated and the dynamic stress-intensity factor obtained from the mentioned finite element analysis and dynamic photoelasticity is in reasonable agreement with each other.展开更多
A review of our experience in range of electron spectroscopy of the physical vapor-phase deposition and growth of single- and multilayer nanostructures with atomic scale interfaces is presented. The foundation of an i...A review of our experience in range of electron spectroscopy of the physical vapor-phase deposition and growth of single- and multilayer nanostructures with atomic scale interfaces is presented. The foundation of an innovative methodology for the combined AES-EELS analysis of layered nanostructures is developed. The methodology includes: 1) determination of the composition, thickness, and the mechanism of phase transitions in nanocoatings under the probing depth most appropriated for the range of film thickness 1 - 10 ML;2) quantitative iteration Auger-analysis of the composition, thickness and growth mechanism of nanocoating;3) structural and phase analysis of nanocoatings with use of the analysis of position, shape and energy of the plasmon EELS peak and with subtracting the contribution from the substrate;4) analysis of phase transitions with use of the shift of the plasmon Auger-satellite and 5) non-destructive profiling of the composition of nanocoatings over depth with use of a dependence of the intensity and energy of EELS peaks on the value of the primary electron energy.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effect and histologic result of ADM combined with autologous thin split-thickness skin graft.Methods 23 patients were treated with acellalar dermal matrix(ADM) combined ...Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effect and histologic result of ADM combined with autologous thin split-thickness skin graft.Methods 23 patients were treated with acellalar dermal matrix(ADM) combined with autoiogous展开更多
It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to op...It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to optimize total energy consumption and consumption structure in the future planning year.This paper constructs a methodological system to optimize energy consumption structure in Shandong Province,using a scenario combination of system dynamics(SD)prediction and analysis based on the coupling of key scenario elements affecting different energy consumption from different perspectives.Structural equation modeling and SD sensitivity analysis indicate an overlap between key factors restricting energy consumption.Pairing the key scenario factors can better reflect the internal mechanism of energy consumption development.Based on this,21 scenarios based on different combinations of the key elements are constructed.Through SD prediction and analysis,the most suitable scenario mode for optimizing energy consumption structure in Shandong Province is selected.This paper provides a suitable development range for the average gross domestic product growth rate,the proportion of secondary industry,energy consumption intensity of secondary industry,and the urbanization rate for Shandong Province.This paper can provide a reference for similar research and the government in formulating the optimization scheme of energy consumption structure.展开更多
A direct digital design method （DDDM） of worm-gear drive is proposed. It is directly based on the simulation of manufacturing process and completely different from the conventional modeling method. The loaded tooth ...A direct digital design method （DDDM） of worm-gear drive is proposed. It is directly based on the simulation of manufacturing process and completely different from the conventional modeling method. The loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA） method is analyzed, in which the advanced surface to surface searching technique is included. The influence of misalignment errors and contact deformations on contact zone and transmission error （TE） is discussed. Combined modification approach on worm tooth surface is presented. By means of DDDM and LTCA, it is very conven- ient to verify the effect of worm-gear drive＇s modification approach. The analysis results show that, the modification in profile direction reduces the sensitivity of worm-gear drive to misalignment errors and the modification in longitudinal direction decreases the TE. Thus the optimization design of worm-gear drive can be achieved prior to the actual manufacturing process.展开更多
Human serum albumin(HSA)injectable product is a severely afflicted area on drug safety due to its high price and restricted supply.Raman spectroscopy performances high specificity on HSA detection and it is even possi...Human serum albumin(HSA)injectable product is a severely afflicted area on drug safety due to its high price and restricted supply.Raman spectroscopy performances high specificity on HSA detection and it is even possible to determine HSA injectable products noninvasively.In this study,we developed a noninvasive rapid screening method for of HSA injectable products by using portable Raman spectrometer.Qualitative models were established by using principal component analysis combined with classical least squares(PCA-CLS)algorithm,while quanti-tative model was established by using partial least squares(PLS)algorithm.Model transfer in different instruments of both the same and different apparatus modules was further discussed in this paper.A total of 34 HSA injectable samples collected from markets were used for verification.The identification results showed 100%accuracy and the predicted concentrations of those identified as true HSA were consistent with their labeled concentrations.The quantitative results also indicated that model transfer was excellent in the same apparatus modules of Raman spectrometer at all concentration levels,and still good enough in the different apparatus modules although the relative standard deviation(RSD)value showed a little increasing trend at low HSA concentration level.In conclusion,the method was proved to be feasible and efficient for screening HSA injections,especially on its screening speed and the consideration of glass containers.Moreover,with inspiring results on the model transfer,the method could be used as a universal screening mean to different Raman instruments.展开更多
This study aims to explore the efficacy of interferon-α（IFN-α） combined with either entecavir（ETV） or adefovir（ADV） therapy versus IFN-α mono-therapy for chronic hepatitis B（CHB） patients, and to identify t...This study aims to explore the efficacy of interferon-α（IFN-α） combined with either entecavir（ETV） or adefovir（ADV） therapy versus IFN-α mono-therapy for chronic hepatitis B（CHB） patients, and to identify the factors associated with treatment outcomes. Totally, 159 CHB patients receiving interferon-based treatment for 48 weeks were enrolled in this retrospective study, including IFN-α mono-therapy group（group A, n=44）, IFN-α plus ADV group（group B, n=53） and IFN-α plus ETV group（group C, n=62）. The primary measures of efficacy assessments were the changes in HBs Ag. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of treatment outcomes. The predictive values of the factors were assessed by ROC analysis. For patients with baseline hepatitis B surface antigen（HBs Ag） level 〈1000 IU/m L, the reductions in mean HBs Ag levels at week 48 were greater in group C than that in group A（P〈0.05）. Higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion was achieved in the combined therapy group than in IFN-α mono-therapy group at week 48（P〈0.05）. Two factors were independently associated with HBeAg seroconversion： baseline HBeAg level 〈2.215 log10 index/m L and △HBeAg（decline in HBeAg from baseline） 〉0.175 log10 at week 12. In conclusion, interferon-α plus ETV therapy can accelerate HBs Ag decline as compared with interferon-α mono-therapy in CHB patients with lower baseline HBs Ag levels, and the combination therapy was superior to IFN-α mono-therapy in increasing the rate of HBeAg seroconversion. Baseline HBeAg and △HBeAg at week 12 can independently predict HBeAg seroconversion in patients subject to interferon-based therapy for 48 weeks.展开更多
In this study, the winter-summer-winter seasonal variation characteristics of the atmospheric temperature in northern East Asia(NEA) during the past 60 years are analyzed. The results revealed a type of new seasonal v...In this study, the winter-summer-winter seasonal variation characteristics of the atmospheric temperature in northern East Asia(NEA) during the past 60 years are analyzed. The results revealed a type of new seasonal variation mechanism of temperature: winter-winter recurrence(WWR). This study initially discussed the formation mechanism of WWR from the angle of the relationship between the WWR and the atmospheric internal factors and external forcing.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1) The winter-summer-winter continuous variation of the AO anomaly index has consistent characteristics with the atmospheric variation of the WWR in the NEA, and their 60-year correlation coefficient reaches 0.43, passing the 95% significance level. It is indicated that the seasonal anomaly of the AO has a certain influence on the WWR;(2) Overall, the PDO maintains a negative phase in the negative WWR years,while it displays the opposite feature in the positive WWR years. The negative(positive) anomaly of PDO is favourable to the occurrence of sustainable low(high) temperatures in the NEA, and may be the important external driving factor for motivating the WWR in the NEA;(3) The binary regression, based on the PDO and AO indexes successfully reproduces the curve of T_(WWR-HG), which is significantly correlated with the WWR index TWWR, and can reproduce the time-height profile of the WWR characteristics from 400 to 1,000 hPa. Therefore, it is concluded that the WWR of the atmospheric temperatures in the NEA is the result of the combined action of the PDO and AO.展开更多
Correct combination of plastid(cp)and nuclear(nr)DNA data for plant phylogenetic reconstructions is not a new issue,but with an increasing number of nrDNA loci being used,it is of ever greater practical concern.For ac...Correct combination of plastid(cp)and nuclear(nr)DNA data for plant phylogenetic reconstructions is not a new issue,but with an increasing number of nrDNA loci being used,it is of ever greater practical concern.For accurately reconstructing the phylogeny and evolutionary history of plant groups,correct treatment of phylogenetic incongruence is a vital step in the proper analysis of cpDNA and nrDNA data.We first evaluated the current status of analyzing cpDNA and nrDNA data by searching all articles published in the journal Systematic Botany between 2005 and 2011.Many studies combining cpDNA and nrDNA data did not rigorously assess the combinability of the data sets,or did not address in detail possible reasons for incongruence between the two data sets.By reviewing various methods,we outline a procedure to more accurately analyze and/or combine cpDNA and nrDNA data,which includes four steps:identifying significant incongruence,determining conflicting taxa,providing possible interpretations for incongruence,and reconstructing the phylogeny after treating incongruence.Particular attention is given to explanation of the cause of incongruence.We hope that our procedure will help raise awareness of the importance of rigorous analysis and help identify the cause of incongruence before combining cpDNA and nrDNA data.展开更多
In this Letter, we report a combination of non-invasive analysis of the cross-section structure, phase, and chemical composition combining optical coherence tomography(OCT) with spectroscopic methods such as X-ray ana...In this Letter, we report a combination of non-invasive analysis of the cross-section structure, phase, and chemical composition combining optical coherence tomography(OCT) with spectroscopic methods such as X-ray analytical microscope(μ-XRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy(μ-RS), which allow us to effectively and conveniently identify the colorants used for each color region and the glass-making process of an ancient multicolored stratified glass eye bead. The results reveal that the sophisticated colors of the glass bead arise from the transition metals and chemical compound crystals deliberately added in the same base glass and carefully adjusted by the glass maker to obtain four colors. We also propose and discuss the provenance of the glass bead.It was probably introduced to China through the Northern Silk Road from Egypt or the Eastern Mediterranean areas about 1400 years ago. The combined multi-analytical technique is the promising approach for precious cultural heritage research.展开更多
The integrity requirement should be satisfied when GNSS is used in aviation.There are now two ways for integrity monitoring,that is,receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) and GNSS integrity channel(GIC) based ...The integrity requirement should be satisfied when GNSS is used in aviation.There are now two ways for integrity monitoring,that is,receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) and GNSS integrity channel(GIC) based on augmentation system.The rapid development of the Beidou satellite navigation system(COMPASS) will significantly improve the satellite geometry.Besides,the effects of first order ionosphere delay will be mitigated by the combination of GNSS multi-frequency signals.The availability of RAIM will be enhanced,which makes it possible to provide a worldwide seamless integrity service for aviation by using RAIM.The contribution of COMPASS to the availability of RAIM is analyzed by simulation;and the integrity requirement of which aviation approaching phrase can be satisfied when using COMPASS single system and its combination with other satellite navigation system is analyzed.Moreover,the influence of user range accuracy(URA) of COMPASS on integrity performance is discussed.展开更多
The advent of CUDA-enabled GPU makes it possible to provide cloud applications with high-performance data security services.Unfortunately,recent studies have shown that GPU-based applications are also susceptible to s...The advent of CUDA-enabled GPU makes it possible to provide cloud applications with high-performance data security services.Unfortunately,recent studies have shown that GPU-based applications are also susceptible to side-channel attacks.These published work studied the side-channel vulnerabilities of GPU-based AES implementations by taking the advantage of the cache sharing among multiple threads or high parallelism of GPUs.Therefore,for GPU-based bitsliced cryptographic implementations,which are immune to the cache-based attacks referred to above,only a power analysis method based on the high-parallelism of GPUs may be effective.However,the leakage model used in the power analysis is not efficient at all in practice.In light of this,we investigate electro-magnetic(EM)side-channel vulnerabilities of a GPU-based bitsliced AES implementation from the perspective of bit-level parallelism and thread-level parallelism in order to make the best of the localization effect of EM leakage with parallelism.Specifically,we propose efficient multi-bit and multi-thread combinational analysis techniques based on the intrinsic properties of bitsliced ciphers and the effect of multi-thread parallelism of GPUs,respectively.The experimental result shows that the proposed combinational analysis methods perform better than non-combinational and intuitive ones.Our research suggests that multi-thread leakages can be used to improve attacks if the multi-thread leakages are not synchronous in the time domain.展开更多
The advent of CUDA-enabled GPU makes it possible to provide cloud applications with high-performance data security services.Unfortunately,recent studies have shown that GPU-based applications are also susceptible to s...The advent of CUDA-enabled GPU makes it possible to provide cloud applications with high-performance data security services.Unfortunately,recent studies have shown that GPU-based applications are also susceptible to side-channel attacks.These published work studied the side-channel vulnerabilities of GPU-based AES implementations by taking the advantage of the cache sharing among multiple threads or high parallelism of GPUs.Therefore,for GPU-based bitsliced cryptographic implementations,which are immune to the cache-based attacks referred to above,only a power analysis method based on the high-parallelism of GPUs may be effective.However,the leakage model used in the power analysis is not efficient at all in practice.In light of this,we investigate electro-magnetic(EM)side-channel vulnerabilities of a GPU-based bitsliced AES implementation from the perspective of bit-level parallelism and thread-level parallelism in order to make the best of the localization effect of EM leakage with parallelism.Specifically,we propose efficient multi-bit and multi-thread combinational analysis techniques based on the intrinsic properties of bitsliced ciphers and the effect of multi-thread parallelism of GPUs,respectively.The experimental result shows that the proposed combinational analysis methods perform better than non-combinational and intuitive ones.Our research suggests that multi-thread leakages can be used to improve attacks if the multi-thread leakages are not synchronous in the time domain.展开更多
Land use/cover change(LUCC)and climate change have important influences on ecosystem services(ESs)and their interactions,particularly in regions with rapid socioeconomic development.However,little research has disting...Land use/cover change(LUCC)and climate change have important influences on ecosystem services(ESs)and their interactions,particularly in regions with rapid socioeconomic development.However,little research has distinguished the impacts of these 2 factors on ES interactions.Therefore,the impacts of LUCC and climate change on water-related ecosystem service(WES)trade-offs in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)were measured by combining spatial analysis with ES valuation.These results indicated that water yield,soil retention,and water purification presented varying degrees of increase from 1990 to 2020,with rates of 4.53%,21.80%and 5.40%,respectively.The order of the mean WES tradeoffs in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions remained stable at the grid scale from 1990 to 2020,while there were important changes at the county scale.Climate change had a greater impact on WES trade-offs than LUCC,with climate change dominating 88.17%of the total area.The effect of climate change on WES trade-offs across areas was in the order of downstream>midstream>upstream,while the effect of LUCC was not obvious.The relative importance of drivers on WES trade-offs from 1990 to 2020 was dominated by climate dominance(71.50%),followed by LUCC to climate dominance(13.66%)and least by LUCC dominance(0.65%).This research emphasized the importance of LUCC and climate change on ES trade-offs in heavily disturbed areas,providing important guidance for multi-objective land management that sustainably provides ESs.展开更多
Vibrational power flow on combined plates with a change in mass and stiffness or with viscoelastic damping layer used widely in engineering is studied. The expressions of flexural displacement and other physical quan...Vibrational power flow on combined plates with a change in mass and stiffness or with viscoelastic damping layer used widely in engineering is studied. The expressions of flexural displacement and other physical quantities are obtained using Laplace transformation and transfer matrix approach, then influences of changes in mass and stiffness of discontinuous material and the free damping layer on the input power flow and the transmitted power flow are discussed. The conclusions provide theory basis for structural optimization design and reducing noise and vibration展开更多
文摘Listeria monocytogenes is the pathogen of listeriosis and it causes severe infections like septicemia, encephalitis, and meningitis, especially in immunocompromised individuals, newborns, and pregnant women. Its wide distribution in the environment and ability to survive or even grow under adverse conditions has made L. monocytogenes an important public health concern and in food industry.
文摘Objective: To analyze the non-periodic, unstable and even chaotic echoes scattered from microbubbles which are extremely sensitive and may easily collapse, fragment or shrink when ultrasound contrast agents are exposed to ultrasound (US) irradiation. Methods: The combined time-frequency analysis was applied to the original signals instead of the traditional Fourier spectral analysis technique. Results: The results obtained from simulation as well as experiment showed that the subharmonic, 2nd harmonic and ultra harmonic of the microbubbles occurred during the oscillation and varied with time. The dependence on the incident ultrasonic amplitude and microbubble parameters were established. Conclusion: The transient echoes backscattered from the ultrasound agent in the evaluation of the blood perfusion can be analyzed thoroughly by the technique of combined-frequency analysis and the time detail of the frequency contents can be revealed.
文摘The present paper is addressed to the finite element method combined with dynamic photoelastic analysis of propagating cracks, that is, on the basis of [1] by Chien Wei-zang, finite elements which incorporate the propagating crack-tip singularity intrinsic to two-dimensional elasticity are employed. THe relation between crack opening length and time step obtained from dynamic photoelaslie analysis is used as a definite condition for solving the dynamic equations and simulating the crack propagations as well As an example, the impact response of dynamie-bending-test specimen is investigated and the dynamic stress-intensity factor obtained from the mentioned finite element analysis and dynamic photoelasticity is in reasonable agreement with each other.
文摘A review of our experience in range of electron spectroscopy of the physical vapor-phase deposition and growth of single- and multilayer nanostructures with atomic scale interfaces is presented. The foundation of an innovative methodology for the combined AES-EELS analysis of layered nanostructures is developed. The methodology includes: 1) determination of the composition, thickness, and the mechanism of phase transitions in nanocoatings under the probing depth most appropriated for the range of film thickness 1 - 10 ML;2) quantitative iteration Auger-analysis of the composition, thickness and growth mechanism of nanocoating;3) structural and phase analysis of nanocoatings with use of the analysis of position, shape and energy of the plasmon EELS peak and with subtracting the contribution from the substrate;4) analysis of phase transitions with use of the shift of the plasmon Auger-satellite and 5) non-destructive profiling of the composition of nanocoatings over depth with use of a dependence of the intensity and energy of EELS peaks on the value of the primary electron energy.
文摘Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effect and histologic result of ADM combined with autologous thin split-thickness skin graft.Methods 23 patients were treated with acellalar dermal matrix(ADM) combined with autoiogous
文摘It is urgent to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions to actively deal with global warming.This paper investigates Shandong Province,a typical province of energy consumption,as the research object,aiming to optimize total energy consumption and consumption structure in the future planning year.This paper constructs a methodological system to optimize energy consumption structure in Shandong Province,using a scenario combination of system dynamics(SD)prediction and analysis based on the coupling of key scenario elements affecting different energy consumption from different perspectives.Structural equation modeling and SD sensitivity analysis indicate an overlap between key factors restricting energy consumption.Pairing the key scenario factors can better reflect the internal mechanism of energy consumption development.Based on this,21 scenarios based on different combinations of the key elements are constructed.Through SD prediction and analysis,the most suitable scenario mode for optimizing energy consumption structure in Shandong Province is selected.This paper provides a suitable development range for the average gross domestic product growth rate,the proportion of secondary industry,energy consumption intensity of secondary industry,and the urbanization rate for Shandong Province.This paper can provide a reference for similar research and the government in formulating the optimization scheme of energy consumption structure.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.E50575234).
文摘A direct digital design method （DDDM） of worm-gear drive is proposed. It is directly based on the simulation of manufacturing process and completely different from the conventional modeling method. The loaded tooth contact analysis （LTCA） method is analyzed, in which the advanced surface to surface searching technique is included. The influence of misalignment errors and contact deformations on contact zone and transmission error （TE） is discussed. Combined modification approach on worm tooth surface is presented. By means of DDDM and LTCA, it is very conven- ient to verify the effect of worm-gear drive＇s modification approach. The analysis results show that, the modification in profile direction reduces the sensitivity of worm-gear drive to misalignment errors and the modification in longitudinal direction decreases the TE. Thus the optimization design of worm-gear drive can be achieved prior to the actual manufacturing process.
基金Youth Develop-ment Research Foundation(No.2015C03)of Na-tional Institutes of Food and Drug Control,P.R.China.
文摘Human serum albumin(HSA)injectable product is a severely afflicted area on drug safety due to its high price and restricted supply.Raman spectroscopy performances high specificity on HSA detection and it is even possible to determine HSA injectable products noninvasively.In this study,we developed a noninvasive rapid screening method for of HSA injectable products by using portable Raman spectrometer.Qualitative models were established by using principal component analysis combined with classical least squares(PCA-CLS)algorithm,while quanti-tative model was established by using partial least squares(PLS)algorithm.Model transfer in different instruments of both the same and different apparatus modules was further discussed in this paper.A total of 34 HSA injectable samples collected from markets were used for verification.The identification results showed 100%accuracy and the predicted concentrations of those identified as true HSA were consistent with their labeled concentrations.The quantitative results also indicated that model transfer was excellent in the same apparatus modules of Raman spectrometer at all concentration levels,and still good enough in the different apparatus modules although the relative standard deviation(RSD)value showed a little increasing trend at low HSA concentration level.In conclusion,the method was proved to be feasible and efficient for screening HSA injections,especially on its screening speed and the consideration of glass containers.Moreover,with inspiring results on the model transfer,the method could be used as a universal screening mean to different Raman instruments.
基金supported by grants from National Science and Technology Major Project for Infectious Diseases of China(No.2013ZX10002001-001-006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81461130019)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(No.Transregio TRR60)
文摘This study aims to explore the efficacy of interferon-α（IFN-α） combined with either entecavir（ETV） or adefovir（ADV） therapy versus IFN-α mono-therapy for chronic hepatitis B（CHB） patients, and to identify the factors associated with treatment outcomes. Totally, 159 CHB patients receiving interferon-based treatment for 48 weeks were enrolled in this retrospective study, including IFN-α mono-therapy group（group A, n=44）, IFN-α plus ADV group（group B, n=53） and IFN-α plus ETV group（group C, n=62）. The primary measures of efficacy assessments were the changes in HBs Ag. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of treatment outcomes. The predictive values of the factors were assessed by ROC analysis. For patients with baseline hepatitis B surface antigen（HBs Ag） level 〈1000 IU/m L, the reductions in mean HBs Ag levels at week 48 were greater in group C than that in group A（P〈0.05）. Higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion was achieved in the combined therapy group than in IFN-α mono-therapy group at week 48（P〈0.05）. Two factors were independently associated with HBeAg seroconversion： baseline HBeAg level 〈2.215 log10 index/m L and △HBeAg（decline in HBeAg from baseline） 〉0.175 log10 at week 12. In conclusion, interferon-α plus ETV therapy can accelerate HBs Ag decline as compared with interferon-α mono-therapy in CHB patients with lower baseline HBs Ag levels, and the combination therapy was superior to IFN-α mono-therapy in increasing the rate of HBeAg seroconversion. Baseline HBeAg and △HBeAg at week 12 can independently predict HBeAg seroconversion in patients subject to interferon-based therapy for 48 weeks.
基金State Key development program for Basic Research(2017YFC15023003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41575082,41530531)Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest(GYHY201306021)
文摘In this study, the winter-summer-winter seasonal variation characteristics of the atmospheric temperature in northern East Asia(NEA) during the past 60 years are analyzed. The results revealed a type of new seasonal variation mechanism of temperature: winter-winter recurrence(WWR). This study initially discussed the formation mechanism of WWR from the angle of the relationship between the WWR and the atmospheric internal factors and external forcing.The main conclusions are summarized as follows:(1) The winter-summer-winter continuous variation of the AO anomaly index has consistent characteristics with the atmospheric variation of the WWR in the NEA, and their 60-year correlation coefficient reaches 0.43, passing the 95% significance level. It is indicated that the seasonal anomaly of the AO has a certain influence on the WWR;(2) Overall, the PDO maintains a negative phase in the negative WWR years,while it displays the opposite feature in the positive WWR years. The negative(positive) anomaly of PDO is favourable to the occurrence of sustainable low(high) temperatures in the NEA, and may be the important external driving factor for motivating the WWR in the NEA;(3) The binary regression, based on the PDO and AO indexes successfully reproduces the curve of T_(WWR-HG), which is significantly correlated with the WWR index TWWR, and can reproduce the time-height profile of the WWR characteristics from 400 to 1,000 hPa. Therefore, it is concluded that the WWR of the atmospheric temperatures in the NEA is the result of the combined action of the PDO and AO.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270269,30800059,30990241)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-Z-2)
文摘Correct combination of plastid(cp)and nuclear(nr)DNA data for plant phylogenetic reconstructions is not a new issue,but with an increasing number of nrDNA loci being used,it is of ever greater practical concern.For accurately reconstructing the phylogeny and evolutionary history of plant groups,correct treatment of phylogenetic incongruence is a vital step in the proper analysis of cpDNA and nrDNA data.We first evaluated the current status of analyzing cpDNA and nrDNA data by searching all articles published in the journal Systematic Botany between 2005 and 2011.Many studies combining cpDNA and nrDNA data did not rigorously assess the combinability of the data sets,or did not address in detail possible reasons for incongruence between the two data sets.By reviewing various methods,we outline a procedure to more accurately analyze and/or combine cpDNA and nrDNA data,which includes four steps:identifying significant incongruence,determining conflicting taxa,providing possible interpretations for incongruence,and reconstructing the phylogeny after treating incongruence.Particular attention is given to explanation of the cause of incongruence.We hope that our procedure will help raise awareness of the importance of rigorous analysis and help identify the cause of incongruence before combining cpDNA and nrDNA data.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program (No. 2019YFC1520203)the National Social Science Foundation of China (NSSF)(No. 18AZD029)。
文摘In this Letter, we report a combination of non-invasive analysis of the cross-section structure, phase, and chemical composition combining optical coherence tomography(OCT) with spectroscopic methods such as X-ray analytical microscope(μ-XRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy(μ-RS), which allow us to effectively and conveniently identify the colorants used for each color region and the glass-making process of an ancient multicolored stratified glass eye bead. The results reveal that the sophisticated colors of the glass bead arise from the transition metals and chemical compound crystals deliberately added in the same base glass and carefully adjusted by the glass maker to obtain four colors. We also propose and discuss the provenance of the glass bead.It was probably introduced to China through the Northern Silk Road from Egypt or the Eastern Mediterranean areas about 1400 years ago. The combined multi-analytical technique is the promising approach for precious cultural heritage research.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41020144004 and 41104022)the National High-tech R&D Program of China(Grant No.2013AA122501)
文摘The integrity requirement should be satisfied when GNSS is used in aviation.There are now two ways for integrity monitoring,that is,receiver autonomous integrity monitoring(RAIM) and GNSS integrity channel(GIC) based on augmentation system.The rapid development of the Beidou satellite navigation system(COMPASS) will significantly improve the satellite geometry.Besides,the effects of first order ionosphere delay will be mitigated by the combination of GNSS multi-frequency signals.The availability of RAIM will be enhanced,which makes it possible to provide a worldwide seamless integrity service for aviation by using RAIM.The contribution of COMPASS to the availability of RAIM is analyzed by simulation;and the integrity requirement of which aviation approaching phrase can be satisfied when using COMPASS single system and its combination with other satellite navigation system is analyzed.Moreover,the influence of user range accuracy(URA) of COMPASS on integrity performance is discussed.
基金This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61632020,UI936209)Beijing National Science Foundation(No.4192067).
文摘The advent of CUDA-enabled GPU makes it possible to provide cloud applications with high-performance data security services.Unfortunately,recent studies have shown that GPU-based applications are also susceptible to side-channel attacks.These published work studied the side-channel vulnerabilities of GPU-based AES implementations by taking the advantage of the cache sharing among multiple threads or high parallelism of GPUs.Therefore,for GPU-based bitsliced cryptographic implementations,which are immune to the cache-based attacks referred to above,only a power analysis method based on the high-parallelism of GPUs may be effective.However,the leakage model used in the power analysis is not efficient at all in practice.In light of this,we investigate electro-magnetic(EM)side-channel vulnerabilities of a GPU-based bitsliced AES implementation from the perspective of bit-level parallelism and thread-level parallelism in order to make the best of the localization effect of EM leakage with parallelism.Specifically,we propose efficient multi-bit and multi-thread combinational analysis techniques based on the intrinsic properties of bitsliced ciphers and the effect of multi-thread parallelism of GPUs,respectively.The experimental result shows that the proposed combinational analysis methods perform better than non-combinational and intuitive ones.Our research suggests that multi-thread leakages can be used to improve attacks if the multi-thread leakages are not synchronous in the time domain.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61632020,UI936209)Beijing National Science Foundation(No.4192067).
文摘The advent of CUDA-enabled GPU makes it possible to provide cloud applications with high-performance data security services.Unfortunately,recent studies have shown that GPU-based applications are also susceptible to side-channel attacks.These published work studied the side-channel vulnerabilities of GPU-based AES implementations by taking the advantage of the cache sharing among multiple threads or high parallelism of GPUs.Therefore,for GPU-based bitsliced cryptographic implementations,which are immune to the cache-based attacks referred to above,only a power analysis method based on the high-parallelism of GPUs may be effective.However,the leakage model used in the power analysis is not efficient at all in practice.In light of this,we investigate electro-magnetic(EM)side-channel vulnerabilities of a GPU-based bitsliced AES implementation from the perspective of bit-level parallelism and thread-level parallelism in order to make the best of the localization effect of EM leakage with parallelism.Specifically,we propose efficient multi-bit and multi-thread combinational analysis techniques based on the intrinsic properties of bitsliced ciphers and the effect of multi-thread parallelism of GPUs,respectively.The experimental result shows that the proposed combinational analysis methods perform better than non-combinational and intuitive ones.Our research suggests that multi-thread leakages can be used to improve attacks if the multi-thread leakages are not synchronous in the time domain.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant number 2021194)
文摘Land use/cover change(LUCC)and climate change have important influences on ecosystem services(ESs)and their interactions,particularly in regions with rapid socioeconomic development.However,little research has distinguished the impacts of these 2 factors on ES interactions.Therefore,the impacts of LUCC and climate change on water-related ecosystem service(WES)trade-offs in the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)were measured by combining spatial analysis with ES valuation.These results indicated that water yield,soil retention,and water purification presented varying degrees of increase from 1990 to 2020,with rates of 4.53%,21.80%and 5.40%,respectively.The order of the mean WES tradeoffs in the upstream,midstream,and downstream regions remained stable at the grid scale from 1990 to 2020,while there were important changes at the county scale.Climate change had a greater impact on WES trade-offs than LUCC,with climate change dominating 88.17%of the total area.The effect of climate change on WES trade-offs across areas was in the order of downstream>midstream>upstream,while the effect of LUCC was not obvious.The relative importance of drivers on WES trade-offs from 1990 to 2020 was dominated by climate dominance(71.50%),followed by LUCC to climate dominance(13.66%)and least by LUCC dominance(0.65%).This research emphasized the importance of LUCC and climate change on ES trade-offs in heavily disturbed areas,providing important guidance for multi-objective land management that sustainably provides ESs.
文摘Vibrational power flow on combined plates with a change in mass and stiffness or with viscoelastic damping layer used widely in engineering is studied. The expressions of flexural displacement and other physical quantities are obtained using Laplace transformation and transfer matrix approach, then influences of changes in mass and stiffness of discontinuous material and the free damping layer on the input power flow and the transmitted power flow are discussed. The conclusions provide theory basis for structural optimization design and reducing noise and vibration
