Quantum entanglement is a bizarre, counterintuitive phenomenon which shows that entangled subatomic particles remain related even when they are far apart, which was described by Einstein as “spooky action at a dista...Quantum entanglement is a bizarre, counterintuitive phenomenon which shows that entangled subatomic particles remain related even when they are far apart, which was described by Einstein as “spooky action at a distance”. Although this phenomenon could be interpreted by a few theories, for example, the famous Copenhagen interpretation which describes that these states exist simultaneously by a wave function, however, there is still no unquestioned theory and it continues to puzzle people around the world. Here we propose a hypothesis that gravity cuts out stop functioning between subatomic particles based on the observations of a thought experiment. It is well known that the Universe is filled with various subatomic particles (e.g. cosmic neutrino background, CνB) and gravity is a universal force making any particle in the Universe attract any other. Based on these observations, it is expected that the CνB particles walking abreast will be combined together by their gravity after some time/distance, which will thus result in a greatly uneven distribution of CνB. However, the observational evidence showed that CνB is highly isotropic and homogenous, suggesting that gravity would no longer work at the subatomic scale. Thus, the relation of the paired subatomic particles would become some pure correlation of mass (or equivalent energy) status. In this case, time would be not required anymore due to the ineffectiveness of gravity. The proposed new interpretation matches the experimental observations well and finally possible thought experiments are presented to test this theory.展开更多
Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this...Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this work, we systematically study the entanglement entropy(EE) and derivative entanglement entropy(DEE) near quantum phase transitions in various quantum many-body systems. A one-parameter scaling relation between the DEE and system size at the critical point has been derived for the first time, which successfully obtains the critical exponent via data collapse. Furthermore, we find that the EE peaks at the(emergent) symmetryenhanced first-order transition, reflecting higher symmetry breaking. This work provides a new paradigm for quantum many-body research from the perspective of EE and DEE.展开更多
The rapid advancements of ultrafast intense laser technology have opened new avenues for investigating entanglement in laser-induced systems. However, the application of these advances in quantum technology requires a...The rapid advancements of ultrafast intense laser technology have opened new avenues for investigating entanglement in laser-induced systems. However, the application of these advances in quantum technology requires a reliable and universally applicable method for enhancing and regulating entanglement. Here we demonstrate how a few-cycle intense laser field can significantly enhance the degree of entanglement compared to its multi-cycle counterpart, using the example of electron–electron entanglement of orbital angular momentum(OAM) states in recollision-excitation non-sequential double ionization of Ar atoms. By confining the ionization dynamics to a specific narrow time window, the few-cycle pulse purifies the electron trajectories, thereby ensuring high coherence between entangled OAM channels and enhancing entanglement. Furthermore, the degree of entanglement can be efficiently modulated by varying the carrier envelope phase of the few-cycle laser pulse, which is achieved by altering the population across OAM channels. Optimizing coherence through electron trajectory purification with a designed specific temporal waveform of laser field provides a general pathway for enhancing entanglement in laser-induced systems.展开更多
Hybrid entangled states(HESs),which involve different particles with various degrees of freedom,have garnered significant attention and been applied in a wide range of quantum technologies.However,similar to other cat...Hybrid entangled states(HESs),which involve different particles with various degrees of freedom,have garnered significant attention and been applied in a wide range of quantum technologies.However,similar to other categories of entanglement,maximally HESs inevitably degrade to mixed states due to the environmental noise and operational imperfections.To address the degradation problem,measurement-based entanglement purification offers a feasible and robust solution alternative to conventional gate-based purification methods.In this paper,we propose a measurement-based hybrid entanglement purification protocol(MB-HEPP)for a certain kind of HES which consists of polarization photons and coherent states.We extend our methodology to several conditions,such as the multi-copy and multi-party scenarios,and the photon-loss condition.Compared with previous HEPPs,this protocol has several advantages.First,it does not depend on post-selection and the purified HESs can be retained for further application.Second,it does not require the Bell state measurement,but only uses the parity check with conventional linear optical elements,which makes it have the higher success probability and more feasible.Our MB-HEPP has potential applications in future heterogeneous quantum networks.展开更多
Enhancing gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel mechanics without compromising biocompatibility remains challenging,as conventional chemical crosslinking often disrupts degradation behavior.A cooling-induced entan-gleme...Enhancing gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel mechanics without compromising biocompatibility remains challenging,as conventional chemical crosslinking often disrupts degradation behavior.A cooling-induced entan-glement strategy effectively improves mechanical performance while preserving biological properties;however,its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study demonstrates that extended cooling durations significantly enhance the mechanical properties of GelMA hydrogels.Microstructural analyses reveal cooling-induced forma-tion of compact polymer networks with reduced mesh sizes.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations confirm that the cooling process promotes topological entanglements that govern mechanical reinforcement.Guided by these insights,we propose a theoretical model to predict the stress responses of GelMA hydrogels under various cooling durations,establishing quantitative correlations between entanglement mechanisms and mechanical outcomes.This study provides a fundamental understanding of the interplay between cooling conditions,microstructure,and mechanical performance,offering a robust framework for designing GelMA hydrogels with optimized me-chanical properties for advanced biomedical applications.展开更多
A classification of multipartite entanglement is introduced for pure and mixed states.The classification is based on the distribution of entanglement between the qubits of a given system,with a mathematical framework ...A classification of multipartite entanglement is introduced for pure and mixed states.The classification is based on the distribution of entanglement between the qubits of a given system,with a mathematical framework used to characterize fully entangled states.Then we use current machine learning and deep learning techniques to automatically classify a random state of two,three,and four qubits without the need to compute the amount of the different types of entanglement in each run;rather this is done only in the learning process.The technique shows high,near-perfect,accuracy in the case of pure states.As expected,this accuracy drops,more or less,when dealing with mixed states and when increasing the number of parties involved.展开更多
Thermal entanglement,as influenced by interaction parameters,is investigated within the general Heisenberg XY Z model.We calculate the relationship between entanglement and the system interaction parameters,including ...Thermal entanglement,as influenced by interaction parameters,is investigated within the general Heisenberg XY Z model.We calculate the relationship between entanglement and the system interaction parameters,including spin-spin interaction parameters(SSIPs)and spin-orbit interaction parameters(SOIPs).By considering various parameter orientations,we identify four optimal combinations of the SSIPs and find that the optimal vector of the spin-orbit interaction aligns with the coordinate axis corresponding to the maximal SSIP component.Furthermore,we obtain three effective optimal combinations of the SOIPs corresponding to the optimal SSIPs,which can maximize the system entanglement when the parameters are tuned accordingly.To demonstrate the feasibility of our results under realistic experimental conditions,we propose an optical lattice scheme with tunable parameters.展开更多
We introduce a novel scheme for achieving quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR) steering between an atomic ensemble and a mechanical oscillator within a hybrid atom–optomechanical system. The system...We introduce a novel scheme for achieving quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR) steering between an atomic ensemble and a mechanical oscillator within a hybrid atom–optomechanical system. The system comprises an optical cavity, a two-level atomic ensemble and a mechanical resonator that possesses Duffing nonlinearity. The interaction between these components is mediated by the cavity mode, which is driven by an external laser. Our findings indicate that optimizing the coupling strengths between photons and phonons, as well as between atoms and the cavity,leads to maximal entanglement and EPR steering. The amplitude of the driving laser plays a pivotal role in enhancing the coupling between photons and phonons, and the system maintains robust entanglement and EPR steering even under high dissipation, thereby mitigating the constraints on initial conditions and parameter precision. Remarkably, the Duffing nonlinearity enhances the system's resistance to thermal noise, ensuring its stability and entanglement protection. Our analysis of EPR steering conditions reveals that the party with lower dissipation exhibits superior stability and a propensity to steer the party with higher dissipation. These discoveries offer novel perspectives for advancing quantum information processing and communication technologies.展开更多
Quantum battery exploits the principle of quantum mechanics to transport and store energy. We study the energy transportation of the central-spin quantum battery, which is composed of N_b spins serving as the battery ...Quantum battery exploits the principle of quantum mechanics to transport and store energy. We study the energy transportation of the central-spin quantum battery, which is composed of N_b spins serving as the battery cells, and surrounded by N_c spins serving as the charger cells. We apply the invariant subspace method to solve the dynamics of the central-spin battery with a large number of spins. We establish a universal inverse relationship between the battery capacity and the battery–charger entanglement, which persists in any size of the battery and charger cells. Moreover, we find that when N_b= N_c, the central-spin battery has the optimal energy transportation, corresponding to the minimal battery–charger entanglement. Surprisingly, the central-spin battery has a uniform energy transportation behaviors in certain battery–charger scales. Our results reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between the battery–charger size and the energy transportation efficiency, which may provide more insights on designing other types of quantum batteries.展开更多
Quantum entanglement, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, lies at the heart of many current and futurequantum technologies. A pivotal task is the generation and control of diverse quantum entangled states in a...Quantum entanglement, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, lies at the heart of many current and futurequantum technologies. A pivotal task is the generation and control of diverse quantum entangled states in a more compactand flexible manner. Here, we introduce an approach to achieve diverse path entanglement by exploiting the interactionbetween noncommutative metasurfaces and entangled photons. Different from other path entanglements, ourquantum path entanglement is evolution path entanglement of photons on Poincaré sphere. Due to quantum entanglementbetween idler photons and structured signal photons, evolution path of idler photons on the fundamental Poincarésphere can be nonlocally mirrored by structured signal photons on any higher-order Poincaré sphere, resulting in quantumpath entanglement. Benefiting from noncommutative metasurfaces, diverse quantum path entanglement can beswitched across different higher-order Poincaré spheres using distinct combination sequences of metasurfaces. Ourmethod allows for the tuning of diverse quantum path entanglement across a broad spectrum of quantum states, offeringa significant advancement in the manipulation of quantum entanglement.展开更多
We theoretically demonstrate that multipartite entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)steering in a magnon frequency comb(MFC)can be generated in a hybrid magnon-skyrmion system.When the system is driven...We theoretically demonstrate that multipartite entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)steering in a magnon frequency comb(MFC)can be generated in a hybrid magnon-skyrmion system.When the system is driven by two microwave fields at the magnonic whispering gallery mode(m WGM)and the skyrmion,the skyrmion can be simultaneously entangled with three magnon modes of the MFC and the entanglement of the first-order magnon pair in the MFC also appears.The results show that the perfect one-way steering between the skyrmion and the three magnons can be obtained.Interestingly,the steering direction can be manipulated by controlling the amplitudes of two drive fields,which provides flexibility in controlling the asymmetry of the EPR steering and may well have practical applications.Moreover,the genuine tripartite entanglement among the skyrmion and the first-order magnon pair can be achieved with appropriate parameters in the steady state.Our work exhibits that the MFC has great potential in preparing multi-mode entanglement resources,with promising applications in quantum communication.展开更多
Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare t...Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare the multiphoton entanglement in one step.Here,we use a single metasurface to construct multiphoton path-polarization entanglement.Based on the parallel BS property,entanglement among N unentangled photons is created after they pass through a gradient metasurface.Also,with this ability,entanglement fusion among several pairs of entangled photons is set up,which can greatly enlarge the entanglement dimension.These theoretical results pave the way for manipulating metasurface-based multiphoton entanglement,which holds great promise for ultracompact on-chip quantum information processing.展开更多
At present,most quantum secret sharing(QSS)protocols are more or less designed with the incorporation of classical secret sharing schemes.With the increasing maturity of quantum technology,QSS protocols based on pure ...At present,most quantum secret sharing(QSS)protocols are more or less designed with the incorporation of classical secret sharing schemes.With the increasing maturity of quantum technology,QSS protocols based on pure quantum mechanics are becoming more important.Classical secret sharing schemes cannot achieve absolute security,and their involvement can compromise the security of QSS protocols.This paper proposes a QSS scheme based on Greenberger-Horn-Zeilinger(GHZ)basis measurement and quantum entanglement exchange.In this protocol,the secret sender stores the secret information using Pauli operations.Participants obtain their shares by measuring the product state sequentially.Finally,participants complete the secret reconstruction through quantum entanglement exchange and other related quantum operations.In addition,the particles held by participants in the protocol do not contain any secret information.Each participant's particles are in a state of maximum entanglement,and no participant can deduce the particle information of other participants through their own particles.At the same time,the protocol is based on pure quantum mechanics and does not involve classical schemes,which avoids the problem of reduced security of the protocol.Security analysis indicates that the protocol is not vulnerable to retransmission interception and collusion attacks.Moreover,it is capable of detecting and terminating the protocol promptly when facing with attacks from dishonest participants.展开更多
The decoherence of high-dimensional orbital angular momentum(OAM)entanglement in the weak scintillation regime has been investigated.In this study,we simulate atmospheric turbulence by utilizing a multiple-phase scree...The decoherence of high-dimensional orbital angular momentum(OAM)entanglement in the weak scintillation regime has been investigated.In this study,we simulate atmospheric turbulence by utilizing a multiple-phase screen imprinted with anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence.The entanglement negativity and fidelity are introduced to quantify the entanglement of a high-dimensional OAM state.The numerical evaluation results indicate that entanglement negativity and fidelity last longer for a high-dimensional OAM state when the azimuthal mode has a lower value.Additionally,the evolution of higher-dimensional OAM entanglement is significantly influenced by OAM beam parameters and turbulence parameters.Compared to isotropic atmospheric turbulence,anisotropic turbulence has a lesser influence on highdimensional OAM entanglement.展开更多
The rapid advancement of radar and 5 G communication technologies has created an urgent need for materials that possess both low dielectric constants and superior mechanical strength to ensure efficient signal transmi...The rapid advancement of radar and 5 G communication technologies has created an urgent need for materials that possess both low dielectric constants and superior mechanical strength to ensure efficient signal transmission and minimal loss.Herein,a synergistic effect of multiple regulation strategies from the atomic scales to the molecular scales was proposed to develop Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)modified cyanate ester resins(COF-mCE).The strategy has proven highly effective in enhancing both dielectric and mechanical properties.With only 3 wt%COFs,the dielectric constant of COF-mCE is reduced from 3.32 to 2.84 at 1 MHz.Meanwhile,the mechanical performance of COF-mCE composites exhibits substantial improvements,with flexural strength increasing by 42.6% and tensile strength by 52.1% compared to pure mCE.The investigation explores that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions restrain the polarization feature and the mechanical property improvements of the COF-mCE derived from the entanglement effect of COF-polymer chains.Furthermore,the 3D-printed COF-mCE honeycomb structure demonstrates excellent electromagnetic wave transmittance and low reflectance,achieving a transmittance of 94.1% at 10 GHz with a 60°incidence angle.This multi-scale design strategy offers new insights into the development of low-k dielectric material for next-generation electronic science applications.展开更多
Microwave–optical entanglement is essential for efficient quantum communication,secure information transfer,and integrating microwave and optical quantum systems to advance hybrid quantum technologies.In this work,we...Microwave–optical entanglement is essential for efficient quantum communication,secure information transfer,and integrating microwave and optical quantum systems to advance hybrid quantum technologies.In this work,we demonstrate how the magnon Kerr effect can be harnessed to generate and control nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity optomagnomechanics(COMM).This effect induces magnon frequency shifts and introduces pair-magnon interactions,both of which are tunable through the magnetic field direction,enabling nonreciprocal behavior.By adjusting system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning,we show that magnon–phonon,microwave–optical photon–photon,and optical photon–magnon entanglement can be nonreciprocally enhanced and rendered more robust against thermal noise.Additionally,the nonreciprocity of entanglement can be selectively controlled,and ideal nonreciprocal entanglement is achievable.This work paves the way for designing nonreciprocal quantum devices across the microwave and optical regimes,leveraging the unique properties of the magnon Kerr effect in COMM.展开更多
We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and ext...We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and extending this analysis to larger spin chains,we demonstrate that mixed-state entanglement is profoundly shaped by both disorder and temperature.Our results reveal a sharp distinction between many-body localized and ergodic phases,with entanglement vanishing above diferent fnite temperature thresholds.Furthermore,by analyzing non-adjacent spins,we uncover an approximate exponential decay of entanglement with separation.This work advances the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition by linking the entanglement properties of small subsystems to the broader thermal environment,ofering an explanation for the absence of entanglement in macroscopic systems.These fndings provide critical insights into quantum many-body physics,bridging concepts from thermalization,localization,and quantum information theory.展开更多
In this work,we investigate disordered Dirac fermions from the perspective of quantum entanglement,which provides a different angle compared to the ordinary perturbative renormalization group(RG)analysis.We consider D...In this work,we investigate disordered Dirac fermions from the perspective of quantum entanglement,which provides a different angle compared to the ordinary perturbative renormalization group(RG)analysis.We consider Dirac fermions subjected to random hopping and random flux,which respectively fall into the chiral Gaussian orthogonal ensemble(cGOE)and chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble(cGUE)universality classes.Existing studies based on perturbative calculations suggest that both types of randomness are marginal.Here,through numerical simulations of the corresponding lattice models,we find that these two different types of randomness exhibit distinct entanglement features,signaling completely different properties in contrast to the perturbative RG analysis.In particular,although the entropy area-law is generally held for both types of randomness,we identify that the subleading term of the entanglement entropy is enhanced by random flux but not by random hopping.This subleading term is known as the entropic F-function in the clean limit without disorder.Our observations indicate that disordered theories in cGOE and cGUE are essentially different,which recalls careful analysis on the RG calculations.展开更多
An effective teleportation scheme for an unknown ionic internal state via trapped ions is proposed without joint Bell-state measurement （BSM）. In the constructed quantum channel process, we make use of entanglement ...An effective teleportation scheme for an unknown ionic internal state via trapped ions is proposed without joint Bell-state measurement （BSM）. In the constructed quantum channel process, we make use of entanglement swapping to avoid decrease in entanglement during the distributing of particles. Thus our scheme provides new prospects for quantum teleportatlon in a longer distance. The distinct advant.age of our scheme is insensitive to the heating of vibrational mode. Furthermore, our scheme has no any individual optical access, and the successful probability also can reach 1.展开更多
The proposals on entanglement diversion and quantum teleportation of entangled coherent states are presented. In these proposals, the entanglement between two coherent states, ｜α〉 and ｜-α〉, with the same amplitu...The proposals on entanglement diversion and quantum teleportation of entangled coherent states are presented. In these proposals, the entanglement between two coherent states, ｜α〉 and ｜-α〉, with the same amplitude but a phase difference of π is utilized as a quantum channel. The processes of the entanglement diversion and the teleportation are achieved by using the 50/50 symmctric beam splitters, the phase shifters and the photodetectors with the help of classical information.展开更多
文摘Quantum entanglement is a bizarre, counterintuitive phenomenon which shows that entangled subatomic particles remain related even when they are far apart, which was described by Einstein as “spooky action at a distance”. Although this phenomenon could be interpreted by a few theories, for example, the famous Copenhagen interpretation which describes that these states exist simultaneously by a wave function, however, there is still no unquestioned theory and it continues to puzzle people around the world. Here we propose a hypothesis that gravity cuts out stop functioning between subatomic particles based on the observations of a thought experiment. It is well known that the Universe is filled with various subatomic particles (e.g. cosmic neutrino background, CνB) and gravity is a universal force making any particle in the Universe attract any other. Based on these observations, it is expected that the CνB particles walking abreast will be combined together by their gravity after some time/distance, which will thus result in a greatly uneven distribution of CνB. However, the observational evidence showed that CνB is highly isotropic and homogenous, suggesting that gravity would no longer work at the subatomic scale. Thus, the relation of the paired subatomic particles would become some pure correlation of mass (or equivalent energy) status. In this case, time would be not required anymore due to the ineffectiveness of gravity. The proposed new interpretation matches the experimental observations well and finally possible thought experiments are presented to test this theory.
基金supported by the the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175015 for W.G.and 12174387 for L.Z.)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.YSBR-057 and JZHKYPT-2021-08 for L.Z.)+1 种基金the Innovative Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0302600 for L.Z.)the start-up funding of Westlake University and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2024M752898 for Z.W.and Z.Y.)。
文摘Entanglement plays a key role in quantum physics, but how much information it can extract from many-body systems is still an open question, particularly regarding quantum criticalities and emergent symmetries. In this work, we systematically study the entanglement entropy(EE) and derivative entanglement entropy(DEE) near quantum phase transitions in various quantum many-body systems. A one-parameter scaling relation between the DEE and system size at the critical point has been derived for the first time, which successfully obtains the critical exponent via data collapse. Furthermore, we find that the EE peaks at the(emergent) symmetryenhanced first-order transition, reflecting higher symmetry breaking. This work provides a new paradigm for quantum many-body research from the perspective of EE and DEE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12274273and 12450402)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No.2021ZD0302101)。
文摘The rapid advancements of ultrafast intense laser technology have opened new avenues for investigating entanglement in laser-induced systems. However, the application of these advances in quantum technology requires a reliable and universally applicable method for enhancing and regulating entanglement. Here we demonstrate how a few-cycle intense laser field can significantly enhance the degree of entanglement compared to its multi-cycle counterpart, using the example of electron–electron entanglement of orbital angular momentum(OAM) states in recollision-excitation non-sequential double ionization of Ar atoms. By confining the ionization dynamics to a specific narrow time window, the few-cycle pulse purifies the electron trajectories, thereby ensuring high coherence between entangled OAM channels and enhancing entanglement. Furthermore, the degree of entanglement can be efficiently modulated by varying the carrier envelope phase of the few-cycle laser pulse, which is achieved by altering the population across OAM channels. Optimizing coherence through electron trajectory purification with a designed specific temporal waveform of laser field provides a general pathway for enhancing entanglement in laser-induced systems.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175106 and 92365110)the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX23-1028)。
文摘Hybrid entangled states(HESs),which involve different particles with various degrees of freedom,have garnered significant attention and been applied in a wide range of quantum technologies.However,similar to other categories of entanglement,maximally HESs inevitably degrade to mixed states due to the environmental noise and operational imperfections.To address the degradation problem,measurement-based entanglement purification offers a feasible and robust solution alternative to conventional gate-based purification methods.In this paper,we propose a measurement-based hybrid entanglement purification protocol(MB-HEPP)for a certain kind of HES which consists of polarization photons and coherent states.We extend our methodology to several conditions,such as the multi-copy and multi-party scenarios,and the photon-loss condition.Compared with previous HEPPs,this protocol has several advantages.First,it does not depend on post-selection and the purified HESs can be retained for further application.Second,it does not require the Bell state measurement,but only uses the parity check with conventional linear optical elements,which makes it have the higher success probability and more feasible.Our MB-HEPP has potential applications in future heterogeneous quantum networks.
基金supported by the Smart Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Innovation Project of Ningbo University(Grant No.ZHYG003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12372165 and 12202387)+1 种基金the Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program(Grant No.2022020203)the Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Innovative technologies and diagnostic and thera-peutic equipment for urinary system diseases.
文摘Enhancing gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)hydrogel mechanics without compromising biocompatibility remains challenging,as conventional chemical crosslinking often disrupts degradation behavior.A cooling-induced entan-glement strategy effectively improves mechanical performance while preserving biological properties;however,its underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study demonstrates that extended cooling durations significantly enhance the mechanical properties of GelMA hydrogels.Microstructural analyses reveal cooling-induced forma-tion of compact polymer networks with reduced mesh sizes.Molecular dynamics(MD)simulations confirm that the cooling process promotes topological entanglements that govern mechanical reinforcement.Guided by these insights,we propose a theoretical model to predict the stress responses of GelMA hydrogels under various cooling durations,establishing quantitative correlations between entanglement mechanisms and mechanical outcomes.This study provides a fundamental understanding of the interplay between cooling conditions,microstructure,and mechanical performance,offering a robust framework for designing GelMA hydrogels with optimized me-chanical properties for advanced biomedical applications.
基金supported through computational resources of HPC-MARWAN(www.marwan.ma/hpc)provided by CNRST,Rabat,Morocco。
文摘A classification of multipartite entanglement is introduced for pure and mixed states.The classification is based on the distribution of entanglement between the qubits of a given system,with a mathematical framework used to characterize fully entangled states.Then we use current machine learning and deep learning techniques to automatically classify a random state of two,three,and four qubits without the need to compute the amount of the different types of entanglement in each run;rather this is done only in the learning process.The technique shows high,near-perfect,accuracy in the case of pure states.As expected,this accuracy drops,more or less,when dealing with mixed states and when increasing the number of parties involved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11204061,12204142,11904071)the Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2022b13020002)the Outstanding Young Talents in College of Anhui Province(Grant No.gxyq2022059)。
文摘Thermal entanglement,as influenced by interaction parameters,is investigated within the general Heisenberg XY Z model.We calculate the relationship between entanglement and the system interaction parameters,including spin-spin interaction parameters(SSIPs)and spin-orbit interaction parameters(SOIPs).By considering various parameter orientations,we identify four optimal combinations of the SSIPs and find that the optimal vector of the spin-orbit interaction aligns with the coordinate axis corresponding to the maximal SSIP component.Furthermore,we obtain three effective optimal combinations of the SOIPs corresponding to the optimal SSIPs,which can maximize the system entanglement when the parameters are tuned accordingly.To demonstrate the feasibility of our results under realistic experimental conditions,we propose an optical lattice scheme with tunable parameters.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12204440)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (Grant Nos. 20210302123063 and 202103021223184)。
文摘We introduce a novel scheme for achieving quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen(EPR) steering between an atomic ensemble and a mechanical oscillator within a hybrid atom–optomechanical system. The system comprises an optical cavity, a two-level atomic ensemble and a mechanical resonator that possesses Duffing nonlinearity. The interaction between these components is mediated by the cavity mode, which is driven by an external laser. Our findings indicate that optimizing the coupling strengths between photons and phonons, as well as between atoms and the cavity,leads to maximal entanglement and EPR steering. The amplitude of the driving laser plays a pivotal role in enhancing the coupling between photons and phonons, and the system maintains robust entanglement and EPR steering even under high dissipation, thereby mitigating the constraints on initial conditions and parameter precision. Remarkably, the Duffing nonlinearity enhances the system's resistance to thermal noise, ensuring its stability and entanglement protection. Our analysis of EPR steering conditions reveals that the party with lower dissipation exhibits superior stability and a propensity to steer the party with higher dissipation. These discoveries offer novel perspectives for advancing quantum information processing and communication technologies.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 12275215,12305028,and 12247103)the Major Basic Research Program of the Natural Science of Shaanxi Province,China (Grant No. 2021JCW-19)Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics (Grant No. 22JSZ005)。
文摘Quantum battery exploits the principle of quantum mechanics to transport and store energy. We study the energy transportation of the central-spin quantum battery, which is composed of N_b spins serving as the battery cells, and surrounded by N_c spins serving as the charger cells. We apply the invariant subspace method to solve the dynamics of the central-spin battery with a large number of spins. We establish a universal inverse relationship between the battery capacity and the battery–charger entanglement, which persists in any size of the battery and charger cells. Moreover, we find that when N_b= N_c, the central-spin battery has the optimal energy transportation, corresponding to the minimal battery–charger entanglement. Surprisingly, the central-spin battery has a uniform energy transportation behaviors in certain battery–charger scales. Our results reveal a nonmonotonic relationship between the battery–charger size and the energy transportation efficiency, which may provide more insights on designing other types of quantum batteries.
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12174097).
文摘Quantum entanglement, a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics, lies at the heart of many current and futurequantum technologies. A pivotal task is the generation and control of diverse quantum entangled states in a more compactand flexible manner. Here, we introduce an approach to achieve diverse path entanglement by exploiting the interactionbetween noncommutative metasurfaces and entangled photons. Different from other path entanglements, ourquantum path entanglement is evolution path entanglement of photons on Poincaré sphere. Due to quantum entanglementbetween idler photons and structured signal photons, evolution path of idler photons on the fundamental Poincarésphere can be nonlocally mirrored by structured signal photons on any higher-order Poincaré sphere, resulting in quantumpath entanglement. Benefiting from noncommutative metasurfaces, diverse quantum path entanglement can beswitched across different higher-order Poincaré spheres using distinct combination sequences of metasurfaces. Ourmethod allows for the tuning of diverse quantum path entanglement across a broad spectrum of quantum states, offeringa significant advancement in the manipulation of quantum entanglement.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12374103,12434003,and 12074057)。
文摘We theoretically demonstrate that multipartite entanglement and one-way Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)steering in a magnon frequency comb(MFC)can be generated in a hybrid magnon-skyrmion system.When the system is driven by two microwave fields at the magnonic whispering gallery mode(m WGM)and the skyrmion,the skyrmion can be simultaneously entangled with three magnon modes of the MFC and the entanglement of the first-order magnon pair in the MFC also appears.The results show that the perfect one-way steering between the skyrmion and the three magnons can be obtained.Interestingly,the steering direction can be manipulated by controlling the amplitudes of two drive fields,which provides flexibility in controlling the asymmetry of the EPR steering and may well have practical applications.Moreover,the genuine tripartite entanglement among the skyrmion and the first-order magnon pair can be achieved with appropriate parameters in the steady state.Our work exhibits that the MFC has great potential in preparing multi-mode entanglement resources,with promising applications in quantum communication.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474370,11974032,12161141010,and T2325022)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301500).
文摘Multiphoton entanglement with high information capacity plays an essential role in quantum information processing.The appearance of parallel beam splitting(BS)in a gradient metasurface provides the chance to prepare the multiphoton entanglement in one step.Here,we use a single metasurface to construct multiphoton path-polarization entanglement.Based on the parallel BS property,entanglement among N unentangled photons is created after they pass through a gradient metasurface.Also,with this ability,entanglement fusion among several pairs of entangled photons is set up,which can greatly enlarge the entanglement dimension.These theoretical results pave the way for manipulating metasurface-based multiphoton entanglement,which holds great promise for ultracompact on-chip quantum information processing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62002105)the Key Research and Development Program of Hubei,China(Grant No.2021BEA163)。
文摘At present,most quantum secret sharing(QSS)protocols are more or less designed with the incorporation of classical secret sharing schemes.With the increasing maturity of quantum technology,QSS protocols based on pure quantum mechanics are becoming more important.Classical secret sharing schemes cannot achieve absolute security,and their involvement can compromise the security of QSS protocols.This paper proposes a QSS scheme based on Greenberger-Horn-Zeilinger(GHZ)basis measurement and quantum entanglement exchange.In this protocol,the secret sender stores the secret information using Pauli operations.Participants obtain their shares by measuring the product state sequentially.Finally,participants complete the secret reconstruction through quantum entanglement exchange and other related quantum operations.In addition,the particles held by participants in the protocol do not contain any secret information.Each participant's particles are in a state of maximum entanglement,and no participant can deduce the particle information of other participants through their own particles.At the same time,the protocol is based on pure quantum mechanics and does not involve classical schemes,which avoids the problem of reduced security of the protocol.Security analysis indicates that the protocol is not vulnerable to retransmission interception and collusion attacks.Moreover,it is capable of detecting and terminating the protocol promptly when facing with attacks from dishonest participants.
基金supported by the Project of the Hubei Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant Nos.2022CFB957,2022CFB475)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11847118)。
文摘The decoherence of high-dimensional orbital angular momentum(OAM)entanglement in the weak scintillation regime has been investigated.In this study,we simulate atmospheric turbulence by utilizing a multiple-phase screen imprinted with anisotropic non-Kolmogorov turbulence.The entanglement negativity and fidelity are introduced to quantify the entanglement of a high-dimensional OAM state.The numerical evaluation results indicate that entanglement negativity and fidelity last longer for a high-dimensional OAM state when the azimuthal mode has a lower value.Additionally,the evolution of higher-dimensional OAM entanglement is significantly influenced by OAM beam parameters and turbulence parameters.Compared to isotropic atmospheric turbulence,anisotropic turbulence has a lesser influence on highdimensional OAM entanglement.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(No.2024ZDZX0036)the National Ten Thousand Talent Plans for Young Top-notch Talents,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52021001).
文摘The rapid advancement of radar and 5 G communication technologies has created an urgent need for materials that possess both low dielectric constants and superior mechanical strength to ensure efficient signal transmission and minimal loss.Herein,a synergistic effect of multiple regulation strategies from the atomic scales to the molecular scales was proposed to develop Covalent Organic Frameworks(COFs)modified cyanate ester resins(COF-mCE).The strategy has proven highly effective in enhancing both dielectric and mechanical properties.With only 3 wt%COFs,the dielectric constant of COF-mCE is reduced from 3.32 to 2.84 at 1 MHz.Meanwhile,the mechanical performance of COF-mCE composites exhibits substantial improvements,with flexural strength increasing by 42.6% and tensile strength by 52.1% compared to pure mCE.The investigation explores that hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions restrain the polarization feature and the mechanical property improvements of the COF-mCE derived from the entanglement effect of COF-polymer chains.Furthermore,the 3D-printed COF-mCE honeycomb structure demonstrates excellent electromagnetic wave transmittance and low reflectance,achieving a transmittance of 94.1% at 10 GHz with a 60°incidence angle.This multi-scale design strategy offers new insights into the development of low-k dielectric material for next-generation electronic science applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY24A040004)the“Pioneer”and“Leading Goose”R&D Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2025C01028)+2 种基金the Shenzhen International Quantum Academy(Grant No.SIQA2024KFKT010)YWW is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.LY23A40002)Wenzhou Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant No.L20240004).
文摘Microwave–optical entanglement is essential for efficient quantum communication,secure information transfer,and integrating microwave and optical quantum systems to advance hybrid quantum technologies.In this work,we demonstrate how the magnon Kerr effect can be harnessed to generate and control nonreciprocal entanglement in cavity optomagnomechanics(COMM).This effect induces magnon frequency shifts and introduces pair-magnon interactions,both of which are tunable through the magnetic field direction,enabling nonreciprocal behavior.By adjusting system parameters such as magnon frequency detuning,we show that magnon–phonon,microwave–optical photon–photon,and optical photon–magnon entanglement can be nonreciprocally enhanced and rendered more robust against thermal noise.Additionally,the nonreciprocity of entanglement can be selectively controlled,and ideal nonreciprocal entanglement is achievable.This work paves the way for designing nonreciprocal quantum devices across the microwave and optical regimes,leveraging the unique properties of the magnon Kerr effect in COMM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92365202,12475011,and 11921005)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1409002)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX01)。
文摘We investigate the mixed-state entanglement between two spins embedded in the XXZ Heisenberg chain under thermal equilibrium.By deriving an analytical expression for the entanglement of two-spin thermal states and extending this analysis to larger spin chains,we demonstrate that mixed-state entanglement is profoundly shaped by both disorder and temperature.Our results reveal a sharp distinction between many-body localized and ergodic phases,with entanglement vanishing above diferent fnite temperature thresholds.Furthermore,by analyzing non-adjacent spins,we uncover an approximate exponential decay of entanglement with separation.This work advances the understanding of the quantum-to-classical transition by linking the entanglement properties of small subsystems to the broader thermal environment,ofering an explanation for the absence of entanglement in macroscopic systems.These fndings provide critical insights into quantum many-body physics,bridging concepts from thermalization,localization,and quantum information theory.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFA1402204)the National Natural Science Foundation[Grant Nos.22373095(QL),52471020(WC),and 12474144(WZ)]+2 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology[Grant No.2021ZD0303306(QL)]the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[Grant No.JZ2025HGQA0310(WC)]the Science Research Foundation for High-Level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology[Grant No.YJ20240002(WL)].
文摘In this work,we investigate disordered Dirac fermions from the perspective of quantum entanglement,which provides a different angle compared to the ordinary perturbative renormalization group(RG)analysis.We consider Dirac fermions subjected to random hopping and random flux,which respectively fall into the chiral Gaussian orthogonal ensemble(cGOE)and chiral Gaussian unitary ensemble(cGUE)universality classes.Existing studies based on perturbative calculations suggest that both types of randomness are marginal.Here,through numerical simulations of the corresponding lattice models,we find that these two different types of randomness exhibit distinct entanglement features,signaling completely different properties in contrast to the perturbative RG analysis.In particular,although the entropy area-law is generally held for both types of randomness,we identify that the subleading term of the entanglement entropy is enhanced by random flux but not by random hopping.This subleading term is known as the entropic F-function in the clean limit without disorder.Our observations indicate that disordered theories in cGOE and cGUE are essentially different,which recalls careful analysis on the RG calculations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10374025）.
文摘An effective teleportation scheme for an unknown ionic internal state via trapped ions is proposed without joint Bell-state measurement （BSM）. In the constructed quantum channel process, we make use of entanglement swapping to avoid decrease in entanglement during the distributing of particles. Thus our scheme provides new prospects for quantum teleportatlon in a longer distance. The distinct advant.age of our scheme is insensitive to the heating of vibrational mode. Furthermore, our scheme has no any individual optical access, and the successful probability also can reach 1.
文摘The proposals on entanglement diversion and quantum teleportation of entangled coherent states are presented. In these proposals, the entanglement between two coherent states, ｜α〉 and ｜-α〉, with the same amplitude but a phase difference of π is utilized as a quantum channel. The processes of the entanglement diversion and the teleportation are achieved by using the 50/50 symmctric beam splitters, the phase shifters and the photodetectors with the help of classical information.
