AIM To verify the hypothesis that the Ling classification describes the endoscopic progressive process of achalasia and determine the ability of successful peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) to prevent endoscopic progr...AIM To verify the hypothesis that the Ling classification describes the endoscopic progressive process of achalasia and determine the ability of successful peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) to prevent endoscopic progression of achalasia. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the endoscopic findings, symptom duration, and manometric data in patients with achalasia. A total of 359 patients (197 women, 162 men) with a mean age of 42.1 years (range, 12-75 years) were evaluated. Symptom duration ranged from 2 to 360 mo, with a median of 36 mo. Patients were classified with Ling type I (n = 119), II a (n = 106),II b (n = 60),II c (n = 60), or III (n = 14), according to the Ling classification. Of the 359 patients, 349 underwent POEM, among whom 21 had an endoscopic follow-up for more than 2 years. Pre-treatment and post-treatment Ling classifications of these 21 patients were compared. RESULTS Symptom duration increased significantly with increasing Ling classification (from I to III) (p < 0.05), whereas lower esophageal sphincter pressure decreased with increasing Ling type (from I to III) (p < 0.05). There was no difference in sex ratio or onset age among the Ling types, although the age at time of diagnosis was higher in Ling types I c and III than in Ling types I, IIa, and I b. Of the 21 patients, 19 underwent high-resolution manometry both before and after treatment. The mean preoperative and postoperative lower esophageal sphincter pressure were 34.6 mmHg (range, 15.3-59.4 mmHg) and 15.0 mmHg (range, 2.1-21.6 mmHg), respectively, indicating a statistically significant decrease after POEM. All of the 21 patients were treated successfully by POEM (postoperative Eckardt score <= 3) and still had the same Ling type during a mean follow-up period of 37.8 mo (range, 24-51 mo). CONCLUSION The Ling classification represents the endoscopic progressive process of achalasia and may be able to serve as an endoscopic assessment criterion for achalasia. Successful POEM (Eckardt score <= 3) seems to have the ability to prevent endoscopic evolvement of achalasia. However, studies with larger populations are warranted to confirm our findings.展开更多
In recent years,the demand for strategic metal resources,essential for scientific and technological progress and industrial development,has multiplied.Ensuring a stable supply of these metals is critical to national s...In recent years,the demand for strategic metal resources,essential for scientific and technological progress and industrial development,has multiplied.Ensuring a stable supply of these metals is critical to national security and the well-being of the population.As global industrialization accelerates,the daily demand for nonferrous metals continues to rise.Consequently,extracting and recovering strategic metals from low-grade raw materials,such as solid waste,has become crucial for maintaining their supply and economic development.However,the extraction process is fraught with challenges,including mineral phase stability and complex composition.This review focuses on key strategic metals such as lithium,aluminum,gallium,and vanadium.It introduces and examines various methods for extracting nonferrous metals from different raw materials,including traditional mining technologies applied to low-grade solid wastes.It also outlines future development opportunities and challenges in this field.展开更多
The recognition of headache by human being has gone through a long period of time.Headache was sorted into three kinds early in first century A.D. by Aretaeus(81-138),who named mild repeated headache as"cephalalg...The recognition of headache by human being has gone through a long period of time.Headache was sorted into three kinds early in first century A.D. by Aretaeus(81-138),who named mild repeated headache as"cephalalgia",frequently attacking chronic headache as"cephalaea",and unilateral severe headache"heterocrania".Christian Ludwig展开更多
Background:Small bowel involvement is related to poor prognosis in Crohn’s disease(CD),which may be a potential marker to stratify patients with a high risk of progression.This study aimed to establish a novel locati...Background:Small bowel involvement is related to poor prognosis in Crohn’s disease(CD),which may be a potential marker to stratify patients with a high risk of progression.This study aimed to establish a novel location classification system for CD and to develop a predictive model for disease progression.Methods:Consecutive patients with non-stricturing/non-penetrating CD were retrospectively included in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University(Guangzhou,P.R.China)between January 2012 and January 2018.Patients were classified into two groups according to disease location:small bowel involvement group and isolated colon group.The primary outcome was disease progression to stricturing or penetrating phenotypes.Progression-free survival was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method.Results:A total of 463 patients were analysed,with a median follow-up time of 55.3months.Patients with small bowel involvement had a higher risk of disease progression than those with isolated colon disease(hazard ratio=1.998,P=0.007),while no differences were found between Montreal location classification and disease progression.Median progression-free survival was higher in the isolated colon group than in the small bowel involvement group(84.5 vs 77.3months,P=0.006).Four independent factors associated with disease progression were identified:small bowel involvement,duration of onset of>1year,deep mucosal ulcer,and C-reactive protein levels of≥10mg/L(all P<0.05).The nomogram model based on these factors showed good performance in predicting disease progression,with a C-index of 0.746(95%confidence interval,0.707-0.785).Conclusions:Classifying CD based on small bowel involvement and isolated colon was superior to the Montreal location classification for predicting disease progression.展开更多
Early diagnosis of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip(RPOH)remains clinically challenging due to the lack of unified guidelines and standardized diagnostic criteria.Current diagnostic criteria(chondrolysis&...Early diagnosis of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip(RPOH)remains clinically challenging due to the lack of unified guidelines and standardized diagnostic criteria.Current diagnostic criteria(chondrolysis>2 mm/year)require follow-up for at least 12 months.This review characterizes two types of earlystage RPOH progression:Chondrolysis with or without subsequent femoral head destruction within 12 months of onset.Based on their association with early disease progression in RPOH,elevated serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels and spinopelvic malalignment may serve as predictive factors for subsequent bone destruction when only joint space narrowing is observed.This review also proposes potential mechanisms of pathogenesis and intervention strategies for RPOH at its initial stage.Cartilage matrix fragments generated by stress concentrations on the hip joint,resulting from spinopelvic malalignment,may trigger inflammatory pathways involving proinflammatory cytokines and inflammasome activation,ultimately leading to joint destruction in the initial phase of RPOH.Suppression of these early pathological events may prevent joint destruction caused by RPOH.However,further elucidation of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in rapid joint destruction is necessary to identify specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and to facilitate the development of targeted therapies in the initial phase of RPOH.展开更多
Coix has a long cultivation history as a minor crop in China, but many problems including unclear origin, chaos of species, loss and inaccurate use of germplasm resources exist in its research and production due to th...Coix has a long cultivation history as a minor crop in China, but many problems including unclear origin, chaos of species, loss and inaccurate use of germplasm resources exist in its research and production due to the lack of systematic study. In recent years, the importance of Coix has been realized with the exploration of its effects in treating and preventing cancer. The systematic study of Coix has met a superb development opportunity with the rapid development of biotechnology especially the deep-sequencing technique. Therefore, this paper presented here the current status of origin and evolution, classification, cytology and molecular biology progress of Coix, analyzed the ploidy of Coix and the genetic relationships with Zea, Sorghum and so on from the point of cytology, and then based on the molecular biology, analyzed the important significance of DNA molecular marker, genetic mapping and gene library in the research on identification of genetic relationship between species and genetic breeding, which could provide useful information for further Coix research.展开更多
A myriad of medicinal effects has been attributed to Thymoquinone (TQ), the major biological-active component of Nigella sativa. TQ has been shown to exhibit potent anti-tumor activities. The present work was undertak...A myriad of medicinal effects has been attributed to Thymoquinone (TQ), the major biological-active component of Nigella sativa. TQ has been shown to exhibit potent anti-tumor activities. The present work was undertaken to further explore TQ’s chemopreventive efficacy against 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat model through a two-phase study (initiation and post-initiation) and to evaluate its potential impact on tumor progression and invasion in vivo. TQ treatment in the initiation phase significantly reduced tumor incidence, multiplicity and mean tumor volume. However, although mean tumor volume and multiplicity were decreased upon TQ treatment in the post-initiation phase, TQ did not reduce incidence significantly. Cellular proliferation, as assessed by expression of colonic PCNA, was shown to be inhibited in consequence to TQ treatment in both phases, with a more pronounced reduction in the initiation phase. In addition, our results demonstrated an appreciable negative impact of TQ on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in tumor-bearing rats. Furthermore, we provided evidence that TQ-treatment, in both phases, tended to considerably suppress tumor progression and invasion. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that TQ, at an orally daily dose of 10 mg/kg, has a chemopreventive effect in the initiation phase, and has the potential to attenuate tumor burden, suppress progression of pre-neoplastic lesions and to inhibit tumor growth in the post-initiation phase of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis, We surmise that such effects of TQ may be due to suppression of cellular proliferation and inhibition of VEGF production. The results could provide an effective chemopreventive approach in the primary prevention of colon cancer in humans in the next future, and illuminate a promising horizon to combat progression of benign colonic pre-neoplastic lesions into malignant metastatic tumors and to manage colon cancer.展开更多
文摘AIM To verify the hypothesis that the Ling classification describes the endoscopic progressive process of achalasia and determine the ability of successful peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) to prevent endoscopic progression of achalasia. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the endoscopic findings, symptom duration, and manometric data in patients with achalasia. A total of 359 patients (197 women, 162 men) with a mean age of 42.1 years (range, 12-75 years) were evaluated. Symptom duration ranged from 2 to 360 mo, with a median of 36 mo. Patients were classified with Ling type I (n = 119), II a (n = 106),II b (n = 60),II c (n = 60), or III (n = 14), according to the Ling classification. Of the 359 patients, 349 underwent POEM, among whom 21 had an endoscopic follow-up for more than 2 years. Pre-treatment and post-treatment Ling classifications of these 21 patients were compared. RESULTS Symptom duration increased significantly with increasing Ling classification (from I to III) (p < 0.05), whereas lower esophageal sphincter pressure decreased with increasing Ling type (from I to III) (p < 0.05). There was no difference in sex ratio or onset age among the Ling types, although the age at time of diagnosis was higher in Ling types I c and III than in Ling types I, IIa, and I b. Of the 21 patients, 19 underwent high-resolution manometry both before and after treatment. The mean preoperative and postoperative lower esophageal sphincter pressure were 34.6 mmHg (range, 15.3-59.4 mmHg) and 15.0 mmHg (range, 2.1-21.6 mmHg), respectively, indicating a statistically significant decrease after POEM. All of the 21 patients were treated successfully by POEM (postoperative Eckardt score <= 3) and still had the same Ling type during a mean follow-up period of 37.8 mo (range, 24-51 mo). CONCLUSION The Ling classification represents the endoscopic progressive process of achalasia and may be able to serve as an endoscopic assessment criterion for achalasia. Successful POEM (Eckardt score <= 3) seems to have the ability to prevent endoscopic evolvement of achalasia. However, studies with larger populations are warranted to confirm our findings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20321,22325703,22074084)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2022-002)+1 种基金the Shanxi Province Science Foundation(20210302124012,202203021221009)the Key R&D and Transformation Plan of Qinghai Province(2020-GX-101).
文摘In recent years,the demand for strategic metal resources,essential for scientific and technological progress and industrial development,has multiplied.Ensuring a stable supply of these metals is critical to national security and the well-being of the population.As global industrialization accelerates,the daily demand for nonferrous metals continues to rise.Consequently,extracting and recovering strategic metals from low-grade raw materials,such as solid waste,has become crucial for maintaining their supply and economic development.However,the extraction process is fraught with challenges,including mineral phase stability and complex composition.This review focuses on key strategic metals such as lithium,aluminum,gallium,and vanadium.It introduces and examines various methods for extracting nonferrous metals from different raw materials,including traditional mining technologies applied to low-grade solid wastes.It also outlines future development opportunities and challenges in this field.
文摘The recognition of headache by human being has gone through a long period of time.Headache was sorted into three kinds early in first century A.D. by Aretaeus(81-138),who named mild repeated headache as"cephalalgia",frequently attacking chronic headache as"cephalaea",and unilateral severe headache"heterocrania".Christian Ludwig
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 81870382]Key Research Projects of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University[grant number 2022JBGS05].
文摘Background:Small bowel involvement is related to poor prognosis in Crohn’s disease(CD),which may be a potential marker to stratify patients with a high risk of progression.This study aimed to establish a novel location classification system for CD and to develop a predictive model for disease progression.Methods:Consecutive patients with non-stricturing/non-penetrating CD were retrospectively included in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-sen University(Guangzhou,P.R.China)between January 2012 and January 2018.Patients were classified into two groups according to disease location:small bowel involvement group and isolated colon group.The primary outcome was disease progression to stricturing or penetrating phenotypes.Progression-free survival was estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method.Results:A total of 463 patients were analysed,with a median follow-up time of 55.3months.Patients with small bowel involvement had a higher risk of disease progression than those with isolated colon disease(hazard ratio=1.998,P=0.007),while no differences were found between Montreal location classification and disease progression.Median progression-free survival was higher in the isolated colon group than in the small bowel involvement group(84.5 vs 77.3months,P=0.006).Four independent factors associated with disease progression were identified:small bowel involvement,duration of onset of>1year,deep mucosal ulcer,and C-reactive protein levels of≥10mg/L(all P<0.05).The nomogram model based on these factors showed good performance in predicting disease progression,with a C-index of 0.746(95%confidence interval,0.707-0.785).Conclusions:Classifying CD based on small bowel involvement and isolated colon was superior to the Montreal location classification for predicting disease progression.
文摘Early diagnosis of rapidly progressive osteoarthritis of the hip(RPOH)remains clinically challenging due to the lack of unified guidelines and standardized diagnostic criteria.Current diagnostic criteria(chondrolysis>2 mm/year)require follow-up for at least 12 months.This review characterizes two types of earlystage RPOH progression:Chondrolysis with or without subsequent femoral head destruction within 12 months of onset.Based on their association with early disease progression in RPOH,elevated serum matrix metalloproteinase-3 levels and spinopelvic malalignment may serve as predictive factors for subsequent bone destruction when only joint space narrowing is observed.This review also proposes potential mechanisms of pathogenesis and intervention strategies for RPOH at its initial stage.Cartilage matrix fragments generated by stress concentrations on the hip joint,resulting from spinopelvic malalignment,may trigger inflammatory pathways involving proinflammatory cytokines and inflammasome activation,ultimately leading to joint destruction in the initial phase of RPOH.Suppression of these early pathological events may prevent joint destruction caused by RPOH.However,further elucidation of the cellular and molecular pathways involved in rapid joint destruction is necessary to identify specific biomarkers for early diagnosis and to facilitate the development of targeted therapies in the initial phase of RPOH.
基金Supported by the Special Financial Program of Hebei Province,the Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Talent Team Construction(2011055001)~~
文摘Coix has a long cultivation history as a minor crop in China, but many problems including unclear origin, chaos of species, loss and inaccurate use of germplasm resources exist in its research and production due to the lack of systematic study. In recent years, the importance of Coix has been realized with the exploration of its effects in treating and preventing cancer. The systematic study of Coix has met a superb development opportunity with the rapid development of biotechnology especially the deep-sequencing technique. Therefore, this paper presented here the current status of origin and evolution, classification, cytology and molecular biology progress of Coix, analyzed the ploidy of Coix and the genetic relationships with Zea, Sorghum and so on from the point of cytology, and then based on the molecular biology, analyzed the important significance of DNA molecular marker, genetic mapping and gene library in the research on identification of genetic relationship between species and genetic breeding, which could provide useful information for further Coix research.
文摘A myriad of medicinal effects has been attributed to Thymoquinone (TQ), the major biological-active component of Nigella sativa. TQ has been shown to exhibit potent anti-tumor activities. The present work was undertaken to further explore TQ’s chemopreventive efficacy against 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis in the rat model through a two-phase study (initiation and post-initiation) and to evaluate its potential impact on tumor progression and invasion in vivo. TQ treatment in the initiation phase significantly reduced tumor incidence, multiplicity and mean tumor volume. However, although mean tumor volume and multiplicity were decreased upon TQ treatment in the post-initiation phase, TQ did not reduce incidence significantly. Cellular proliferation, as assessed by expression of colonic PCNA, was shown to be inhibited in consequence to TQ treatment in both phases, with a more pronounced reduction in the initiation phase. In addition, our results demonstrated an appreciable negative impact of TQ on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in tumor-bearing rats. Furthermore, we provided evidence that TQ-treatment, in both phases, tended to considerably suppress tumor progression and invasion. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that TQ, at an orally daily dose of 10 mg/kg, has a chemopreventive effect in the initiation phase, and has the potential to attenuate tumor burden, suppress progression of pre-neoplastic lesions and to inhibit tumor growth in the post-initiation phase of DMH-induced colon carcinogenesis, We surmise that such effects of TQ may be due to suppression of cellular proliferation and inhibition of VEGF production. The results could provide an effective chemopreventive approach in the primary prevention of colon cancer in humans in the next future, and illuminate a promising horizon to combat progression of benign colonic pre-neoplastic lesions into malignant metastatic tumors and to manage colon cancer.
