Methods of calculating the basic hydrological characteristics of a water resource assessment, as well as the planning and manage- ment of their long-term use are based upon the concept of stationarity of long-term flo...Methods of calculating the basic hydrological characteristics of a water resource assessment, as well as the planning and manage- ment of their long-term use are based upon the concept of stationarity of long-term flow fluctuations. However, data of researches by hydrologists and climatologists clearly indicate that there are long-period changes in the characteristics of precipitation and riv- er flow. This article discusses the variations of annual precipitation and fiver flow in the Ishim River Basin in Kazakhstan, based on the W, C and E classification developed by GY. Vangengeim who analyzed the long-term variability of anomalies by the num- ber of days with some form of atmospheric circulation. From this study, the largest anomaly of the macro-circulation processes was revealed, and a comparative analysis of the number of days with various forms of atmospheric circulation and precipitation anomalies was made. It was demonstrated that the nature of atmospheric circulation depends on the distribution of precipitation; however, precipitation is also highly dependent on local physiographic conditions. The analysis of anomalous precipitation during the maximum number of days of positive anomalies with various forms of atmospheric circulation was also carried out. This study presents some results t^om the preliminary analysis of annual river flow linked with forms of atmospheric circulation.展开更多
Several reviews have focused on the nature of HIV infection and its spread in various geographical regions of China. In contrast, this review provides a comprehensive update on the prevalence of multiple HIV- 1 subtyp...Several reviews have focused on the nature of HIV infection and its spread in various geographical regions of China. In contrast, this review provides a comprehensive update on the prevalence of multiple HIV- 1 subtypes, consequent emergence of recombinant and novel forms of HIV- 1 in China, and the implications this may have on HIV diversity and the development of effective vaccines. In addition it also examines the dissemination of primary drug resistance in therapy naive patients, as well as co-infections with two other important viruses-hepatitis B and C. The main purpose of this review is to provide a current snapshot of HIV-1 pathogenesis in China and possibly shed some light on the future of HIV evolution, and potential challenges for future vaccine and anti-retroviral therapeutics against HIV strains in this area.展开更多
The Asia-Pacific region is a home to 60% of the population in the world and to approximately one quarter of people with HIV/AIDS. Close to a million of people has been infected and a half million people died of AIDS a...The Asia-Pacific region is a home to 60% of the population in the world and to approximately one quarter of people with HIV/AIDS. Close to a million of people has been infected and a half million people died of AIDS annually in Asia,becoming the second largest epicenter of global AIDS epidemic. Molecular epidemiology has been useful tool to track a course of HIV spread. In-depth knowledge from the studies on molecular epidemiology elucidates the dynamics of HIV spread and the interrelationship of epidemics in the different regions in Asia.展开更多
Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and...Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and water layer underground without very high requirements in equipment. The actual bearing capacity of single pile is very strong, so that it can be better to adapt to the actual needs of different scales or the different geological conditions in building. And it has been promoted and used greatly in building construction work [1]. This paper introduces the concept of the pore-forming pouring pile technology, analyzes the pore-forming construction technology and the pile construction technology, then talks about prevention problems of the pore-forming pouring pile construction in House Building Project, at last draws a conclusion that the pore-forming pouring pile technology is the most basic construction technology and is the most effective and convenient way of construction.展开更多
Introduction:The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)in China is characterized by multiple subtypes,circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)and unique recombinant forms(URFs)across the country.Through...Introduction:The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)in China is characterized by multiple subtypes,circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)and unique recombinant forms(URFs)across the country.Through timely molecular surveillance,over 65 distinct CRFs have been identified in China to date.In this study,we identified five novel URFs among newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals in Anhui Province,China.Methods:Near-full length HIV genome sequences were obtained using two-half molecule amplification methods from five samples containing potential URFs.The sequences were subsequently subjected to phylogenetic and recombination analyses.Results:Phylogenetic and recombination analyses of the five near-full length genome sequences confirmed their classification as novel URFs.Among these,three sequences were recombinants of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC,one sequence was a recombinant of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC and B,and one sequence resulted from CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC recombination.Conclusions:The identification of URFs in newly infected individuals indicates ongoing transmission of multiple HIV-1 clades in Anhui Province,with superinfection occurring at notable frequencies.These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing longterm surveillance of circulating HIV-1 clades using near-full length sequence analysis in Anhui,China.展开更多
Inter-subtype recombination is the main force for the complexity of HIV-1 genetic diversity,which increases the difficulty of preventing HIV-1 infection and administering antiretroviral therapy for people living with ...Inter-subtype recombination is the main force for the complexity of HIV-1 genetic diversity,which increases the difficulty of preventing HIV-1 infection and administering antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV.To date,143 circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)have been re-ported globally,43 of which were identified in China.^(1)Moreover,HIV-1 strains that are produced by second-gen-eration combinations,including unique recombinant forms and CRFs,such as CRF105_0108,CRF123_0107,and CRF134_0185.展开更多
基金supported by the al-Faraby Kazakh National University(KazNU)the Institute of Geography of the Ministry of Education and Science
文摘Methods of calculating the basic hydrological characteristics of a water resource assessment, as well as the planning and manage- ment of their long-term use are based upon the concept of stationarity of long-term flow fluctuations. However, data of researches by hydrologists and climatologists clearly indicate that there are long-period changes in the characteristics of precipitation and riv- er flow. This article discusses the variations of annual precipitation and fiver flow in the Ishim River Basin in Kazakhstan, based on the W, C and E classification developed by GY. Vangengeim who analyzed the long-term variability of anomalies by the num- ber of days with some form of atmospheric circulation. From this study, the largest anomaly of the macro-circulation processes was revealed, and a comparative analysis of the number of days with various forms of atmospheric circulation and precipitation anomalies was made. It was demonstrated that the nature of atmospheric circulation depends on the distribution of precipitation; however, precipitation is also highly dependent on local physiographic conditions. The analysis of anomalous precipitation during the maximum number of days of positive anomalies with various forms of atmospheric circulation was also carried out. This study presents some results t^om the preliminary analysis of annual river flow linked with forms of atmospheric circulation.
文摘Several reviews have focused on the nature of HIV infection and its spread in various geographical regions of China. In contrast, this review provides a comprehensive update on the prevalence of multiple HIV- 1 subtypes, consequent emergence of recombinant and novel forms of HIV- 1 in China, and the implications this may have on HIV diversity and the development of effective vaccines. In addition it also examines the dissemination of primary drug resistance in therapy naive patients, as well as co-infections with two other important viruses-hepatitis B and C. The main purpose of this review is to provide a current snapshot of HIV-1 pathogenesis in China and possibly shed some light on the future of HIV evolution, and potential challenges for future vaccine and anti-retroviral therapeutics against HIV strains in this area.
基金Grant support from Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare and Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in JapanJapanese Foundation for AIDS Prevention.
文摘The Asia-Pacific region is a home to 60% of the population in the world and to approximately one quarter of people with HIV/AIDS. Close to a million of people has been infected and a half million people died of AIDS annually in Asia,becoming the second largest epicenter of global AIDS epidemic. Molecular epidemiology has been useful tool to track a course of HIV spread. In-depth knowledge from the studies on molecular epidemiology elucidates the dynamics of HIV spread and the interrelationship of epidemics in the different regions in Asia.
文摘Compared with the in-place pile, the pore-forming pouring pile is more simple and convenient, with a wider range of construction. In the actual construction process, it is able to pass through complex bottom layer and water layer underground without very high requirements in equipment. The actual bearing capacity of single pile is very strong, so that it can be better to adapt to the actual needs of different scales or the different geological conditions in building. And it has been promoted and used greatly in building construction work [1]. This paper introduces the concept of the pore-forming pouring pile technology, analyzes the pore-forming construction technology and the pile construction technology, then talks about prevention problems of the pore-forming pouring pile construction in House Building Project, at last draws a conclusion that the pore-forming pouring pile technology is the most basic construction technology and is the most effective and convenient way of construction.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(grant number 2022YFC2305201).
文摘Introduction:The genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus-1(HIV-1)in China is characterized by multiple subtypes,circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)and unique recombinant forms(URFs)across the country.Through timely molecular surveillance,over 65 distinct CRFs have been identified in China to date.In this study,we identified five novel URFs among newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals in Anhui Province,China.Methods:Near-full length HIV genome sequences were obtained using two-half molecule amplification methods from five samples containing potential URFs.The sequences were subsequently subjected to phylogenetic and recombination analyses.Results:Phylogenetic and recombination analyses of the five near-full length genome sequences confirmed their classification as novel URFs.Among these,three sequences were recombinants of CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC,one sequence was a recombinant of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC and B,and one sequence resulted from CRF07_BC and CRF08_BC recombination.Conclusions:The identification of URFs in newly infected individuals indicates ongoing transmission of multiple HIV-1 clades in Anhui Province,with superinfection occurring at notable frequencies.These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing longterm surveillance of circulating HIV-1 clades using near-full length sequence analysis in Anhui,China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82060367)the Science and Technology Plan of Health Commission of Jiangxi Province,China(No.SKJP_220210624)the Science and Technology Research Project of the Department of Education of Jiangxi Province,China(No.GJJ2201455,GJJ211527).
文摘Inter-subtype recombination is the main force for the complexity of HIV-1 genetic diversity,which increases the difficulty of preventing HIV-1 infection and administering antiretroviral therapy for people living with HIV.To date,143 circulating recombinant forms(CRFs)have been re-ported globally,43 of which were identified in China.^(1)Moreover,HIV-1 strains that are produced by second-gen-eration combinations,including unique recombinant forms and CRFs,such as CRF105_0108,CRF123_0107,and CRF134_0185.
