To strengthen the certification and authorization standardization system, the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA), and Standardization Administration of China (SAC)have jointly promulgat... To strengthen the certification and authorization standardization system, the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA), and Standardization Administration of China (SAC)have jointly promulgated the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Standardization. In compliance with the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Cause and the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Standardization,the "11th Five Year"Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Standardization provides comprehensive guidance to and basis for the certification and accreditation cause during the "11th Five Year".……展开更多
On August 14th,2007 the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC organized "APEC (The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) Standards and Accre... On August 14th,2007 the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC organized "APEC (The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) Standards and Accreditation Training Class" in Beijing.……展开更多
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision. It is important f...Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision. It is important for certification institutions to explore methods for updating and transferring present standards, to accelerate the transfer of standard information and ensure present standards are implemented in a timely manner.展开更多
A just energy transition(JET)to low-carbon fuels,such as green hydrogen,is critical for mitigating climate change.Countries with abundant renewable energy resources are well-positioned to meet the growing global deman...A just energy transition(JET)to low-carbon fuels,such as green hydrogen,is critical for mitigating climate change.Countries with abundant renewable energy resources are well-positioned to meet the growing global demand for green hydrogen.However,to improve the volumetric energy density and facilitate transport and distribution over long distances,green hydrogen needs to be converted into an energy carrier such as green ammonia.This study conducted a comparative life cycle assessment(LCA)to evaluate the environmental impacts of green ammonia production,with a particular focus on greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.The boundary of the study was from cradle-to-production gate,and the design was based on a coastal production facility in South Africa,which uses renewable energy to desalinate seawater,produce hydrogen,and synthesise ammonia.The carbon intensity of production was 0.79 kg CO_(2)-eq per kg of ammonia.However,if co-products of oxygen,argon and excess electricity are sold to market and allocated a portion of GHG emissions,the carbon intensity was 0.28 kg CO_(2)-eq per kg of ammonia.Further,without the sale of co-products but excluding the embodied emissions of the energy supply system,as defined in the recent international standard(ISO/TS 19870),the carbon intensity was 0.11 kg CO_(2)-eq per kg of ammonia.Based on the hydrogen content of ammonia,this is equivalent to 0.60 kg CO_(2)-eq per kg of hydrogen,which is well below the current threshold for certification as a low-carbon fuel.The process contributing most to the overall environmental impacts was electrolysis(68%),with particulate matter(55%)and global warming potential(33%)as the dominant impact categories.This reflects the energy intensity of electrolysis and the carbon intensity of the energy used to manufacture the infrastructure and capital goods required for green ammonia production.These findings support the adoption of green ammonia as a low-carbon fuel to mitigate climate change and help achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.However,achieving this goal requires the rapid decarbonisation of energy supply systems to reduce embodied emissions from manufacturing infrastructure.展开更多
Inclusive education is an inevitable trend in today's international educational development. It is also one of the platforms for civilized society to fully embody the concepts of freedom, equality and mutual suppo...Inclusive education is an inevitable trend in today's international educational development. It is also one of the platforms for civilized society to fully embody the concepts of freedom, equality and mutual support. Our country attaches great importance to the development of inclusive education in order to promote it in all cities across the country in terms of policies and regulations, university studies, etc. The development of inclusive education in China still faces the problem of low educational quality and serious shortage of educational background. Such as the appointment of teachers, lack of standards and norms of behavior.展开更多
文摘 To strengthen the certification and authorization standardization system, the Certification and Accreditation Administration of China (CNCA), and Standardization Administration of China (SAC)have jointly promulgated the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Standardization. In compliance with the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Cause and the "11th Five Year" Plan on Development of Standardization,the "11th Five Year"Plan on Development of Certification and Accreditation Standardization provides comprehensive guidance to and basis for the certification and accreditation cause during the "11th Five Year".……
文摘 On August 14th,2007 the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC organized "APEC (The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) Standards and Accreditation Training Class" in Beijing.……
文摘Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision. It is important for certification institutions to explore methods for updating and transferring present standards, to accelerate the transfer of standard information and ensure present standards are implemented in a timely manner.
文摘A just energy transition(JET)to low-carbon fuels,such as green hydrogen,is critical for mitigating climate change.Countries with abundant renewable energy resources are well-positioned to meet the growing global demand for green hydrogen.However,to improve the volumetric energy density and facilitate transport and distribution over long distances,green hydrogen needs to be converted into an energy carrier such as green ammonia.This study conducted a comparative life cycle assessment(LCA)to evaluate the environmental impacts of green ammonia production,with a particular focus on greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions.The boundary of the study was from cradle-to-production gate,and the design was based on a coastal production facility in South Africa,which uses renewable energy to desalinate seawater,produce hydrogen,and synthesise ammonia.The carbon intensity of production was 0.79 kg CO_(2)-eq per kg of ammonia.However,if co-products of oxygen,argon and excess electricity are sold to market and allocated a portion of GHG emissions,the carbon intensity was 0.28 kg CO_(2)-eq per kg of ammonia.Further,without the sale of co-products but excluding the embodied emissions of the energy supply system,as defined in the recent international standard(ISO/TS 19870),the carbon intensity was 0.11 kg CO_(2)-eq per kg of ammonia.Based on the hydrogen content of ammonia,this is equivalent to 0.60 kg CO_(2)-eq per kg of hydrogen,which is well below the current threshold for certification as a low-carbon fuel.The process contributing most to the overall environmental impacts was electrolysis(68%),with particulate matter(55%)and global warming potential(33%)as the dominant impact categories.This reflects the energy intensity of electrolysis and the carbon intensity of the energy used to manufacture the infrastructure and capital goods required for green ammonia production.These findings support the adoption of green ammonia as a low-carbon fuel to mitigate climate change and help achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050.However,achieving this goal requires the rapid decarbonisation of energy supply systems to reduce embodied emissions from manufacturing infrastructure.
文摘Inclusive education is an inevitable trend in today's international educational development. It is also one of the platforms for civilized society to fully embody the concepts of freedom, equality and mutual support. Our country attaches great importance to the development of inclusive education in order to promote it in all cities across the country in terms of policies and regulations, university studies, etc. The development of inclusive education in China still faces the problem of low educational quality and serious shortage of educational background. Such as the appointment of teachers, lack of standards and norms of behavior.
