Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth...Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.展开更多
In the award-winning and widely-acclaimed fictional novel,The Vegetarian,the author,Han Kang,relates a compelling and dramatic story of inexorable psychotic deterioration from the perspective of a tragically affected ...In the award-winning and widely-acclaimed fictional novel,The Vegetarian,the author,Han Kang,relates a compelling and dramatic story of inexorable psychotic deterioration from the perspective of a tragically affected young woman and her close family members.Apart from a variety of interpretations of psychosis from historical,social,psychological,and feminist perspectives,the book also presents a detailed and realistic picture of objective psychotic symptoms that reveals insights into historic and nearly forgotten phenomenological concepts.In this literary case study,we analyze the symptoms remarkably described by the author and briefly review the medical literature on the phenomena of catatonia,schizophrenic autism,paragnomen and the praecox-feeling.展开更多
This paper deals with reduction of losses in electric power distribution system through a dynamic reconfiguration case study of a grid in the city of Mostar,Bosnia and Herzegovina.The proposed solution is based on a n...This paper deals with reduction of losses in electric power distribution system through a dynamic reconfiguration case study of a grid in the city of Mostar,Bosnia and Herzegovina.The proposed solution is based on a nonlinear model predictive control algorithm which determines the optimal switching operations of the distribution system.The goal of the control algorithm is to find the optimal radial network topology which minimizes cumulative active power losses and maximizes voltages across the network while simultaneously satisfying all system constraints.The optimization results are validated through multiple simulations(using real power demand data collected for a few characteristic days during winter and summer)which demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the developed control algorithm in reducing the grid losses by up to 14%.展开更多
Introductory courses in vocational education play a foundational role in orienting first-year students to their chosen major and initiating their professional formation.Such courses help newcomers establish a cognitiv...Introductory courses in vocational education play a foundational role in orienting first-year students to their chosen major and initiating their professional formation.Such courses help newcomers establish a cognitive map of the discipline,plan learning pathways,and cultivate identification with the profession,while also serving as a vehicle for integrating ideological-political education.In practice,however,many programs face persistent challenges in textbook development,faculty capacity,curriculum content,and alignment with industry standards,which limit the effectiveness of these courses.With the rollout of national policies such as the Implementation Plan for National Vocational Education Reform,the urgency of strengthening the construction of introductory courses has become increasingly evident.Using the textbook Introduction to Virtual Reality Applications:Cognition,Skills,and Career as a core case,this paper analyzes innovative practices in writing philosophy,course design,school-enterprise collaboration,resource integration,ideological-political infusion,and practical outcomes.Building on this analysis,the paper proposes strategies for reforming introductory courses and building coherent textbook systems in vocational education so as to improve course quality and better support students’professional development.展开更多
Coal bursts pose significant safety and operational challenges in deep mining environments,necessitating effective mitigation strategies to address high-stress concentrations and dynamic failure risks.This study evalu...Coal bursts pose significant safety and operational challenges in deep mining environments,necessitating effective mitigation strategies to address high-stress concentrations and dynamic failure risks.This study evaluated the efficacy of hydraulic fracturing as a preconditioning tool at a longwall face of the Mengcun coal mine with strong coal bursts,Shaanxi Province.The program involved the systematic creation of a fracture network through high-pressure fluid injection,monitored via microseismic arrays,stress measurements,and hydrological sensors.Results demonstrated that hydraulic fracturing effectively redistributed in-situ stresses,reducing high-stress concentrations by up to 30%,lowering the frequency of high-energy microseismic events,and enhancing the stability of fractured zones.However,the presence of unfractured blind spots and interactions with pre-existing faults highlighted the need for optimized well placement and adaptive fracturing designs.These findings underscore the potential of hydraulic fracturing as a critical preconditioning tool in high-stress mining operations,which could provide a framework for improving safety and efficiency in similar geological and operational settings.展开更多
As a new engine driving high-quality economic development,the digital economy urgently demands interdisciplinary talents proficient in both digital technologies and economic management.Given the current characteristic...As a new engine driving high-quality economic development,the digital economy urgently demands interdisciplinary talents proficient in both digital technologies and economic management.Given the current characteristics of digital economy courses and the status of ideological-political education,this study explores the instructional design and practice of the Digital Economy Specialized course.By adopting a combined framework of fixed and dynamic modules,the course highlights core digital economy concepts and key teaching priorities.Through identifying ideological-political elements and designing representative case studies,alongside integrating teaching teams and enhancing practical instruction,the approach effectively improves students’digital literacy and ideological-political awareness.This provides replicable pedagogical references for cultivating digital economy talents in the new era.展开更多
As an important branch of traditional medicine,Zhuang Medicine is renowned for its unique prescriptions and techniques in clinical treatment,with significant therapeutic effects and widespread popularity.This article ...As an important branch of traditional medicine,Zhuang Medicine is renowned for its unique prescriptions and techniques in clinical treatment,with significant therapeutic effects and widespread popularity.This article introduces Professor Fang Gang’s experience in treating obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with modified Zhuang Medicine Mao Xia Yin.Professor Fang Gang proposes that the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)primarily stem from spleen deficiency,which impairs the transport of water and dampness.This dysfunction leads to the accumulation of dampness that transforms into phlegm.Over time,the stagnation of phlegm and dampness generates internal heat,resulting in the formation of“dampness toxin,”“phlegm toxin,”and“heat toxin.”These pathological toxins obstruct the circulation of Qi and blood,causing stasis and the emergence of“stasis toxin.”The buildup of these toxins ultimately blocks the three channels and two pathways,disrupting the harmony among the three Qi of heaven,earth,and man.This disharmony culminates in impaired uterine gland function.Therefore,the treatment mainly focuses on tonifying deficiency,detoxifying,and regulating Qi.展开更多
The research reviewed the concept of family farm and analyzed family farm types including unified, facility rental-oriented, employment-oriented, circular and grain＆oil based family farms, as well as corresponding de...The research reviewed the concept of family farm and analyzed family farm types including unified, facility rental-oriented, employment-oriented, circular and grain＆oil based family farms, as well as corresponding demands in technology and policies. Based on the analysis, the research proposed countermeasures and suggestions. It is necessary to define the range and scale on family farm before giving policy supports. It is important to establish access system of industry and commerce capital to rural areas to guarantee the operators in need be benefited from national preferential policies. Meanwhile, new system on land transfer should be established to guarantee security system for family farm, improve socialized service system and promote government-built production facilities operated by farmers.展开更多
Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of t...Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of NPC in the Singaporean population.Methods: We conducted a case–control study in Singapore with 300 patients and 310 controls who were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Each control was selected and individually matched to each patient based on sex, ethnicity, and age(±5 years). A total of 290 pairs of cases and controls were matched successfully. We examined lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, various salted and preserved food consumption, and weaning practices.Results: After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis showed that those participants who were current smokers and had ever smoked tobacco had a higher risk of NPC than participants who had never smoked, with odds ratios(ORs) of 4.50(95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–7.86; P < 0.001) and 2.52(95% CI 1.54–4.12; P < 0.001), respectively. Those who consumed salted vegetables at least once a week also showed a significantly increased risk of NPC than those who never or rarely consumed salted vegetables, with an OR of 4.18(95% CI 1.69–10.38; P = 0.002).Conclusion: Smoking(currently and ever-smoked) and consuming salted vegetables once a week or more were lifestyle risk factors for NPC, and changes of these factors for the better may reduce the risk of NPC.展开更多
Based on a set of equations established by Duan et al. (1992, 1996) for a geofluid system H2O-CO2-CH4(-N2), a formula is obtained to calculate the heat changes. Combining the geological T-P conditions (geothermal grad...Based on a set of equations established by Duan et al. (1992, 1996) for a geofluid system H2O-CO2-CH4(-N2), a formula is obtained to calculate the heat changes. Combining the geological T-P conditions (geothermal gradients and lithostatic and hydrostatic pressures), the enthalpy of some typical geofluids is figured out. Then the principles of heat transfer of deep-derived supercritical fluids are discussed. The result shows that deep-derived geofluids can bring a large amount of thermal heat and release most heat to the shallow surroundings as they move up, because the molar enthalpies vary very greatly from the deep to shallow, increasing with the increases of T and P. Generally, more than tens of kilojoules heat per molar can be released. Furthermore, the molar enthalpy is affected by the compositions of the geofluids, and the molar enthalpy of CO2, CH4, or N2 is greater than that of H2O, being twice, more than twice, and about 140% of H2O, respectively. Finally, a case study is conducted by investigating a source rock sequence affected hydrothermally by magmatic fluids in the Huimin depression of Shengli Oilfield. The thermal heat calculated theoretically of the fluids related to a diabase intrusion is quite large, which can increase the temperature near the diabase to about 300℃, and that can, to some extent, account for the abnormal rise of the vitrinite reflectance, with the highest of about 3.8% (Ro).展开更多
Model updating issues with high-dimensional and strong-nonlinear optimization processes are still unsolved by most optimization methods.In this study,a hybrid methodology that combines the Gaussian-white-noise-mutatio...Model updating issues with high-dimensional and strong-nonlinear optimization processes are still unsolved by most optimization methods.In this study,a hybrid methodology that combines the Gaussian-white-noise-mutation particle swarm optimization(GMPSO),back-propagation neural network(BPNN)and Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)technique is proposed.In this approach,as a meta-heuristic algorithm with the least modification to the standard PSO,GMPSO simultaneously offers convenient programming and good performance in optimization.The BPNN with LHS establishes the meta-models for FEM to accelerate efficiency during the updating process.A case study of the model updating of an actual bridge with no distribution but bounded parameters was carried out using this methodology with two different objective functions.One considers only the frequencies of the main girder and the other considers both the frequencies and vertical displacements of typical points.The updating results show that the methodology is a sound approach to solve an actual complex bridge structure and offers good agreement in the frequencies and mode shapes of the updated model and test data.Based on the shape comparison of the main girder at the finished state with different objective functions,it is emphasized that both the dynamic and static responses should be taken into consideration during the model updating process.展开更多
A case study of seismic response of an earth embankment foundation on liquefiable soils in Kansai area,western Japan was presented. Based on a calibrated cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for liquefiable sand a...A case study of seismic response of an earth embankment foundation on liquefiable soils in Kansai area,western Japan was presented. Based on a calibrated cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for liquefiable sand and Biot dynamic coupled theory,the seismic analysis was carried out by using a dynamic effective stress finite element method under plane strain condition. A recent design study was illustrated in detail for a river earth embankment subjected to seismic excitation on the saturated deposits with liquefiable sands. Simulated results of the embankment foundation during liquefaction were obtained for acceleration,displacement,and excess pore water pressures,which were considered to yield useful results for earthquake geotechnical design. The results show that the foundation soil reaches a fully liquefied state with high excess pore pressure ratios approaching to 1.0 due to the earthquake shaking. At the end of the earthquake,the extensive liquefaction causes about 1.0 m lateral spreading at the toe and 60 cm settlement at the crest of the earth embankment.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic stenting with or without concurrent 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer.METHODS:Advanced esophageal cancer patients i...AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic stenting with or without concurrent 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer.METHODS:Advanced esophageal cancer patients indicated for esophagectomy received esophageal stents.A part of patients completed 3D-CRT after stenting.Efficacy was assessed by endoscopy and computed tomographic scan before and 4 wk after completion of the treatment.The median survival,3D-CRT toxicity and complications were compared between 3D-CRT and control groups.RESULTS:From 1999 to 2008,99 consecutive patients with T3/T4 disease and unsuitable for esophagectomy were placed with esophageal stents.Sixty-seven patients received 3D-CRT,while 36 patients treated withendoscopic stents alone were recruited as controls.After 3D-CRT treatment,the median tumor volume of 3D-CRT patients were reduced significantly from 43.7 ± 10.2 cm 3 to 28.8 ± 8.5 cm 3 (P < 0.05).The complete and partial response rate was 85.1%,and no response was 14.9%.After 3D-CRT,the incidence rate of T2 and T3 disease evident on CT scan increased to 78.4% while T4 decreased from 66.7% to 21.6% (P < 0.05).3DCRT Karnofsky Performance Status improved in 3D-CRT patients compared with the control group (P=0.031).3D-CRT patients had a longer survival than the control group (251.7 d vs 91.1 d,P < 0.05).And the median half-year survival rate in 3D-CRT group (91%) was higher than in the control group (50%,P < 0.05).The most common toxicity was leukocytopenia in the 3D-CRT group (46.7% vs 18.8%,P=0.008).The control group had a higher rate of restenosis than the 3D-CRT group (81.3% vs 9.0%,P < 0.05).The rate of nephrotoxicity was increased in 3D-CRT as compared with the control group (31.3% vs 15.6%,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:3D-CRT can improve dysphagia in patients with inoperable esophageal carcinoma.3D-CRT combined with stenting results in better survival as compared with endoscopic stents used alone.展开更多
1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.
With the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest being planted, there has been a marked land use change since 1970s' in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Data from meteorological observations or posts ...With the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest being planted, there has been a marked land use change since 1970s' in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Data from meteorological observations or posts operated over long time, measurement and calculation of NPP (net primary production) and biomass of biological community, and analysis of soil organic matter content show that the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest has outstanding eco-environmental effect: adjusting local climate, raising soil fertility, alleviating menace of drought, and raising NPP and biomass of biological community. It is very beneficial for improving ecological environment to afforest artificial alder and cypress mixed forest in populous Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Key Words: land use/land cover change (LUCC); eco-environmental effect; Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin; the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest展开更多
Shale oil occurs in free state （including condensate state）, adsorption state （adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles） and dissolved state （dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.） in shales and adjace...Shale oil occurs in free state （including condensate state）, adsorption state （adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles） and dissolved state （dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.） in shales and adjacent layers. The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil, especially the quantitative separation of free hydrocarbons （mobile oil）, has been the current focus of shale oil research. Taken the shale oil from the Muli coalfield in Qilian Mountain as an example, this work extracted shale samples with organic solvents of different polarity to obtain different occurrence states of hydrocarbons in the oil-bearing shale and to reveal the compositional differences of the hydrocarbons. The result may provide new geochemical information for the occurrence and mobility of shale oil.展开更多
This paper reports the application of pulse discharges along with catalysts in treat- ing the exhaust gas at higher temperatures. In the present work a plasma reactor, filled with catalysts, called as plasma catalytic...This paper reports the application of pulse discharges along with catalysts in treat- ing the exhaust gas at higher temperatures. In the present work a plasma reactor, filled with catalysts, called as plasma catalytic reactor, is studied for removal of oxides of nitrogen, total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The experiments are conducted on an actual diesel engine exhaust at no-load and at different temperatures starting from room temperature to 300°C. The removal efficiencies of these pollutants are studied. The experiments are carried out with both con- ventional and non-conventional catalysts. The idea is to explore the pollutant removal efficiency characteristics by non-conventional catalysts. The efficiency results are compared with that of conventional catalysts. The experiments are carried out at a constant pulse repetition rate of 120 pps. Both pellet and honeycomb type catalysts are used in the study.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Fund Project of Guizhou Health Commission(gzwkj2025-163)。
文摘Objective:To identify the root causes of typical adverse drug events through the lens of patient experiences proposing novel strategies to mitigate preventable harm.Methods:A qualitative case study leveraging in-depth interviews with patients and families,anchored by Interactive Patient Par ticipation Theory,to analyze 4 high-severity adverse drug events(ADE)cases.Cases were purposively sampled from 8 communities in China's National Adverse Event Monitor Center(2018-2023).Semi-structured interviews explored patient perspectives,with data analyzed via thematic coding and triangulation against clinical records.Results:Five interconnected themes emerged:(1)erosion of trust,(2)communication breakdowns,(3)information asymmetry,(4)environmental inadequacies,and(5)technological alienation.Notably,75% of participants had≤high school education,and 50% used≥7 medications daily,compounding ADE risks.Conclusions:We considered elements mentioned by theory,exploring trust,communication,information,and suppor t as the root causes.In addition,we added“adaptability to new technology”as an impor tant and necessary component.It is impor tant and necessary to analyze typical adverse drug events from the perspectives of patients.
文摘In the award-winning and widely-acclaimed fictional novel,The Vegetarian,the author,Han Kang,relates a compelling and dramatic story of inexorable psychotic deterioration from the perspective of a tragically affected young woman and her close family members.Apart from a variety of interpretations of psychosis from historical,social,psychological,and feminist perspectives,the book also presents a detailed and realistic picture of objective psychotic symptoms that reveals insights into historic and nearly forgotten phenomenological concepts.In this literary case study,we analyze the symptoms remarkably described by the author and briefly review the medical literature on the phenomena of catatonia,schizophrenic autism,paragnomen and the praecox-feeling.
基金supported in part by the European Regional Development Fund under Grant KK.01.1.1.01.0009(DATACROSS).
文摘This paper deals with reduction of losses in electric power distribution system through a dynamic reconfiguration case study of a grid in the city of Mostar,Bosnia and Herzegovina.The proposed solution is based on a nonlinear model predictive control algorithm which determines the optimal switching operations of the distribution system.The goal of the control algorithm is to find the optimal radial network topology which minimizes cumulative active power losses and maximizes voltages across the network while simultaneously satisfying all system constraints.The optimization results are validated through multiple simulations(using real power demand data collected for a few characteristic days during winter and summer)which demonstrate the efficiency and usefulness of the developed control algorithm in reducing the grid losses by up to 14%.
文摘Introductory courses in vocational education play a foundational role in orienting first-year students to their chosen major and initiating their professional formation.Such courses help newcomers establish a cognitive map of the discipline,plan learning pathways,and cultivate identification with the profession,while also serving as a vehicle for integrating ideological-political education.In practice,however,many programs face persistent challenges in textbook development,faculty capacity,curriculum content,and alignment with industry standards,which limit the effectiveness of these courses.With the rollout of national policies such as the Implementation Plan for National Vocational Education Reform,the urgency of strengthening the construction of introductory courses has become increasingly evident.Using the textbook Introduction to Virtual Reality Applications:Cognition,Skills,and Career as a core case,this paper analyzes innovative practices in writing philosophy,course design,school-enterprise collaboration,resource integration,ideological-political infusion,and practical outcomes.Building on this analysis,the paper proposes strategies for reforming introductory courses and building coherent textbook systems in vocational education so as to improve course quality and better support students’professional development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274085).
文摘Coal bursts pose significant safety and operational challenges in deep mining environments,necessitating effective mitigation strategies to address high-stress concentrations and dynamic failure risks.This study evaluated the efficacy of hydraulic fracturing as a preconditioning tool at a longwall face of the Mengcun coal mine with strong coal bursts,Shaanxi Province.The program involved the systematic creation of a fracture network through high-pressure fluid injection,monitored via microseismic arrays,stress measurements,and hydrological sensors.Results demonstrated that hydraulic fracturing effectively redistributed in-situ stresses,reducing high-stress concentrations by up to 30%,lowering the frequency of high-energy microseismic events,and enhancing the stability of fractured zones.However,the presence of unfractured blind spots and interactions with pre-existing faults highlighted the need for optimized well placement and adaptive fracturing designs.These findings underscore the potential of hydraulic fracturing as a critical preconditioning tool in high-stress mining operations,which could provide a framework for improving safety and efficiency in similar geological and operational settings.
基金The 2025 Teaching Reform Project of Beijing Information Science and Technology University on Ideological and Political Education in Curriculum“Ideological and Political Education in Digital Economy Specialized Course:Value Implications and Teaching Explorations”(2025JGSZ16)。
文摘As a new engine driving high-quality economic development,the digital economy urgently demands interdisciplinary talents proficient in both digital technologies and economic management.Given the current characteristics of digital economy courses and the status of ideological-political education,this study explores the instructional design and practice of the Digital Economy Specialized course.By adopting a combined framework of fixed and dynamic modules,the course highlights core digital economy concepts and key teaching priorities.Through identifying ideological-political elements and designing representative case studies,alongside integrating teaching teams and enhancing practical instruction,the approach effectively improves students’digital literacy and ideological-political awareness.This provides replicable pedagogical references for cultivating digital economy talents in the new era.
基金National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine high-level key discipline construction project on Ethnic Minority Medicine(Zhuang Medicine)(Project No.:zyyzdxk-2023164)Guangxi Higher Education Key Laboratory for Research on Toxin-related Diseases in Zhuang Medicine(Guijiao Keyan[2022]No.10).
文摘As an important branch of traditional medicine,Zhuang Medicine is renowned for its unique prescriptions and techniques in clinical treatment,with significant therapeutic effects and widespread popularity.This article introduces Professor Fang Gang’s experience in treating obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)with modified Zhuang Medicine Mao Xia Yin.Professor Fang Gang proposes that the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity-type polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)primarily stem from spleen deficiency,which impairs the transport of water and dampness.This dysfunction leads to the accumulation of dampness that transforms into phlegm.Over time,the stagnation of phlegm and dampness generates internal heat,resulting in the formation of“dampness toxin,”“phlegm toxin,”and“heat toxin.”These pathological toxins obstruct the circulation of Qi and blood,causing stasis and the emergence of“stasis toxin.”The buildup of these toxins ultimately blocks the three channels and two pathways,disrupting the harmony among the three Qi of heaven,earth,and man.This disharmony culminates in impaired uterine gland function.Therefore,the treatment mainly focuses on tonifying deficiency,detoxifying,and regulating Qi.
基金Supported by Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Independent Innovation(CX(13)5016)Jiangsu Social Science Research Subject(13SQC-002)~~
文摘The research reviewed the concept of family farm and analyzed family farm types including unified, facility rental-oriented, employment-oriented, circular and grain＆oil based family farms, as well as corresponding demands in technology and policies. Based on the analysis, the research proposed countermeasures and suggestions. It is necessary to define the range and scale on family farm before giving policy supports. It is important to establish access system of industry and commerce capital to rural areas to guarantee the operators in need be benefited from national preferential policies. Meanwhile, new system on land transfer should be established to guarantee security system for family farm, improve socialized service system and promote government-built production facilities operated by farmers.
基金This study was funded by a grant from the National Cancer Centre Singapore Research Fund(CEFIA 08113-25260790-CREF-IARC)(Grant No.CEFIA08136).
文摘Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a commonly diagnosed cancer in Southeast Asia. Many studies have examined the risk factors for NPC, yet the roles of some risk factors remain inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between modifiable lifestyle factors and the risk of NPC in the Singaporean population.Methods: We conducted a case–control study in Singapore with 300 patients and 310 controls who were recruited between 2008 and 2012. Each control was selected and individually matched to each patient based on sex, ethnicity, and age(±5 years). A total of 290 pairs of cases and controls were matched successfully. We examined lifestyle factors such as tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, various salted and preserved food consumption, and weaning practices.Results: After adjusting for covariates, multivariate analysis showed that those participants who were current smokers and had ever smoked tobacco had a higher risk of NPC than participants who had never smoked, with odds ratios(ORs) of 4.50(95% confidence interval [CI] 2.58–7.86; P < 0.001) and 2.52(95% CI 1.54–4.12; P < 0.001), respectively. Those who consumed salted vegetables at least once a week also showed a significantly increased risk of NPC than those who never or rarely consumed salted vegetables, with an OR of 4.18(95% CI 1.69–10.38; P = 0.002).Conclusion: Smoking(currently and ever-smoked) and consuming salted vegetables once a week or more were lifestyle risk factors for NPC, and changes of these factors for the better may reduce the risk of NPC.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(G1999043309)the National Natural Science Foundation of China grant 49973001.
文摘Based on a set of equations established by Duan et al. (1992, 1996) for a geofluid system H2O-CO2-CH4(-N2), a formula is obtained to calculate the heat changes. Combining the geological T-P conditions (geothermal gradients and lithostatic and hydrostatic pressures), the enthalpy of some typical geofluids is figured out. Then the principles of heat transfer of deep-derived supercritical fluids are discussed. The result shows that deep-derived geofluids can bring a large amount of thermal heat and release most heat to the shallow surroundings as they move up, because the molar enthalpies vary very greatly from the deep to shallow, increasing with the increases of T and P. Generally, more than tens of kilojoules heat per molar can be released. Furthermore, the molar enthalpy is affected by the compositions of the geofluids, and the molar enthalpy of CO2, CH4, or N2 is greater than that of H2O, being twice, more than twice, and about 140% of H2O, respectively. Finally, a case study is conducted by investigating a source rock sequence affected hydrothermally by magmatic fluids in the Huimin depression of Shengli Oilfield. The thermal heat calculated theoretically of the fluids related to a diabase intrusion is quite large, which can increase the temperature near the diabase to about 300℃, and that can, to some extent, account for the abnormal rise of the vitrinite reflectance, with the highest of about 3.8% (Ro).
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.51438002the research fund of Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Structure Engineering,China under Grant No.ZD1803+3 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Suzhou University of Science and Technology under Grant No.XKQ2018008Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China under Grant No.19KJB560021Science and Technology Project of Jiangsu Construction System under Grant No.2020ZD07Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Model updating issues with high-dimensional and strong-nonlinear optimization processes are still unsolved by most optimization methods.In this study,a hybrid methodology that combines the Gaussian-white-noise-mutation particle swarm optimization(GMPSO),back-propagation neural network(BPNN)and Latin hypercube sampling(LHS)technique is proposed.In this approach,as a meta-heuristic algorithm with the least modification to the standard PSO,GMPSO simultaneously offers convenient programming and good performance in optimization.The BPNN with LHS establishes the meta-models for FEM to accelerate efficiency during the updating process.A case study of the model updating of an actual bridge with no distribution but bounded parameters was carried out using this methodology with two different objective functions.One considers only the frequencies of the main girder and the other considers both the frequencies and vertical displacements of typical points.The updating results show that the methodology is a sound approach to solve an actual complex bridge structure and offers good agreement in the frequencies and mode shapes of the updated model and test data.Based on the shape comparison of the main girder at the finished state with different objective functions,it is emphasized that both the dynamic and static responses should be taken into consideration during the model updating process.
基金Projects (40802070, 40841014) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (B308) supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project, China
文摘A case study of seismic response of an earth embankment foundation on liquefiable soils in Kansai area,western Japan was presented. Based on a calibrated cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for liquefiable sand and Biot dynamic coupled theory,the seismic analysis was carried out by using a dynamic effective stress finite element method under plane strain condition. A recent design study was illustrated in detail for a river earth embankment subjected to seismic excitation on the saturated deposits with liquefiable sands. Simulated results of the embankment foundation during liquefaction were obtained for acceleration,displacement,and excess pore water pressures,which were considered to yield useful results for earthquake geotechnical design. The results show that the foundation soil reaches a fully liquefied state with high excess pore pressure ratios approaching to 1.0 due to the earthquake shaking. At the end of the earthquake,the extensive liquefaction causes about 1.0 m lateral spreading at the toe and 60 cm settlement at the crest of the earth embankment.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic stenting with or without concurrent 3-dimensional conformal chemoradiotherapy (3D-CRT) in patients with inoperable esophageal cancer.METHODS:Advanced esophageal cancer patients indicated for esophagectomy received esophageal stents.A part of patients completed 3D-CRT after stenting.Efficacy was assessed by endoscopy and computed tomographic scan before and 4 wk after completion of the treatment.The median survival,3D-CRT toxicity and complications were compared between 3D-CRT and control groups.RESULTS:From 1999 to 2008,99 consecutive patients with T3/T4 disease and unsuitable for esophagectomy were placed with esophageal stents.Sixty-seven patients received 3D-CRT,while 36 patients treated withendoscopic stents alone were recruited as controls.After 3D-CRT treatment,the median tumor volume of 3D-CRT patients were reduced significantly from 43.7 ± 10.2 cm 3 to 28.8 ± 8.5 cm 3 (P < 0.05).The complete and partial response rate was 85.1%,and no response was 14.9%.After 3D-CRT,the incidence rate of T2 and T3 disease evident on CT scan increased to 78.4% while T4 decreased from 66.7% to 21.6% (P < 0.05).3DCRT Karnofsky Performance Status improved in 3D-CRT patients compared with the control group (P=0.031).3D-CRT patients had a longer survival than the control group (251.7 d vs 91.1 d,P < 0.05).And the median half-year survival rate in 3D-CRT group (91%) was higher than in the control group (50%,P < 0.05).The most common toxicity was leukocytopenia in the 3D-CRT group (46.7% vs 18.8%,P=0.008).The control group had a higher rate of restenosis than the 3D-CRT group (81.3% vs 9.0%,P < 0.05).The rate of nephrotoxicity was increased in 3D-CRT as compared with the control group (31.3% vs 15.6%,P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:3D-CRT can improve dysphagia in patients with inoperable esophageal carcinoma.3D-CRT combined with stenting results in better survival as compared with endoscopic stents used alone.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81302593,No.81271848 and No.81101589the Grant of Beijing Nova Program of China,No.Z121107002512071+1 种基金the National Key Basic Research Program of China,No.2009CB522507the National Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease,No.2009ZX10005-017 and No.2012ZX10002007
文摘AIM: To investigate the risk factors for liver-related mortality in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.
基金supported by funding the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) and the grant number is 2014CB239000
文摘1 Introduction Shale formations bear abundant mineral resource and*unconventional petroleum resource,and the unconventional petroleum resource that contain in the shale formation should be integrated and researched.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZCX1-SW-01-01B)Cultivatlon Foundation of Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS
文摘With the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest being planted, there has been a marked land use change since 1970s' in Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Data from meteorological observations or posts operated over long time, measurement and calculation of NPP (net primary production) and biomass of biological community, and analysis of soil organic matter content show that the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest has outstanding eco-environmental effect: adjusting local climate, raising soil fertility, alleviating menace of drought, and raising NPP and biomass of biological community. It is very beneficial for improving ecological environment to afforest artificial alder and cypress mixed forest in populous Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin, China. Key Words: land use/land cover change (LUCC); eco-environmental effect; Hilly Area of Central Sichuan Basin; the artificial alder and cypress mixed forest
基金funded by the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Petro China(grant No.2014D-5006-0105)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41273066)
文摘Shale oil occurs in free state （including condensate state）, adsorption state （adsorbed on kerogen and mineral particles） and dissolved state （dissolved in natural gas, residual water, etc.） in shales and adjacent layers. The characterization of the occurrence of different hydrocarbons in shale oil, especially the quantitative separation of free hydrocarbons （mobile oil）, has been the current focus of shale oil research. Taken the shale oil from the Muli coalfield in Qilian Mountain as an example, this work extracted shale samples with organic solvents of different polarity to obtain different occurrence states of hydrocarbons in the oil-bearing shale and to reveal the compositional differences of the hydrocarbons. The result may provide new geochemical information for the occurrence and mobility of shale oil.
文摘This paper reports the application of pulse discharges along with catalysts in treat- ing the exhaust gas at higher temperatures. In the present work a plasma reactor, filled with catalysts, called as plasma catalytic reactor, is studied for removal of oxides of nitrogen, total hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. The experiments are conducted on an actual diesel engine exhaust at no-load and at different temperatures starting from room temperature to 300°C. The removal efficiencies of these pollutants are studied. The experiments are carried out with both con- ventional and non-conventional catalysts. The idea is to explore the pollutant removal efficiency characteristics by non-conventional catalysts. The efficiency results are compared with that of conventional catalysts. The experiments are carried out at a constant pulse repetition rate of 120 pps. Both pellet and honeycomb type catalysts are used in the study.
