EAST （experimental advanced superconducting tokamak） fast control power supply is a high-capacity single-phase AC/DC/AC inverter power supply, which traces the displacement signal of plasma, and excites coils in a v...EAST （experimental advanced superconducting tokamak） fast control power supply is a high-capacity single-phase AC/DC/AC inverter power supply, which traces the displacement signal of plasma, and excites coils in a vacuum vessel to produce a magnetic field that realizes plasma stabilization. To meet the requirements of a large current and fast response, the multi- ple structure of the carrier phase-shift three-level inverter is presented, which realizes parallelled multi-inverters, raises the equivalent switching frequency of the inverters and improves the per- formance of output waves. In this work the design scheme is analyzed, and the output harmonic characteristic of parallel inverters is studied. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the scheme and control strategy is valid. The power supply system can supply a large current, and has a perfect performance on harmonic features as well as the ability of a fast response.展开更多
Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.Th...Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
An approach to generate high-speed and wideband frequency shift keying(FSK)signals based on carrier phase-shifted double sideband(CPS-DSB)modulation is proposed and experimentally validated.The core part of the scheme...An approach to generate high-speed and wideband frequency shift keying(FSK)signals based on carrier phase-shifted double sideband(CPS-DSB)modulation is proposed and experimentally validated.The core part of the scheme is a pair of cascaded polarization-sensitive LiNbO_(3) Mach–Zehnder modulators and phase modulators,whose polarization directions of the principal axes are mutually orthogonal to each other.A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out,where a 0.5 Gb/s FSK signal with the carrier frequencies of 4 and 8 GHz and a 1 Gb/s FSK signal with the carrier frequencies of 8 and 16 GHz are generated successfully.展开更多
Safe and efficient sortie scheduling on the confined flight deck is crucial for maintaining high combat effectiveness of the aircraft carrier.The primary difficulty exactly lies in the spatiotemporal coordination,i.e....Safe and efficient sortie scheduling on the confined flight deck is crucial for maintaining high combat effectiveness of the aircraft carrier.The primary difficulty exactly lies in the spatiotemporal coordination,i.e.,allocation of limited supporting resources and collision-avoidance between heterogeneous dispatch entities.In this paper,the problem is investigated in the perspective of hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem by synthesizing the precedence,space and resource constraints.Specifically,eight processing procedures are abstracted,where tractors,preparing spots,catapults,and launching are virtualized as machines.By analyzing the constraints in sortie scheduling,a mixed-integer planning model is constructed.In particular,the constraint on preparing spot occupancy is improved to further enhance the sortie efficiency.The basic trajectory library for each dispatch entity is generated and a delayed strategy is integrated to address the collision-avoidance issue.To efficiently solve the formulated HFSP,which is essentially a combinatorial problem with tightly coupled constraints,a chaos-initialized genetic algorithm is developed.The solution framework is validated by the simulation environment referring to the Fort-class carrier,exhibiting higher sortie efficiency when compared to existing strategies.And animation of the simulation results is available at www.bilibili.com/video/BV14t421A7Tt/.The study presents a promising supporting technique for autonomous flight deck operation in the foreseeable future,and can be easily extended to other supporting scenarios,e.g.,ammunition delivery and aircraft maintenance.展开更多
Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries(PLIBs),while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active photocathodes.P...Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries(PLIBs),while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active photocathodes.Present work proposes a general approach of creating bulk heterojunction to boost the carrier mobility of photocathodes by simply laser assisted embedding of plasmonic nanocrystals.When employed in PLIBs,it was found effective for synchronously enhanced photocharge separation and transport in light charging process.Additionally,experimental photon spectroscopy,finite difference time domain method simulation and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the improved carrier dynamics are driven by the plasmonic-induced hot electron injection from metal to TiO_(2),as well as the enhanced conductivity in TiO2 matrix due to the formation of oxygen vacancies after Schottky contact.Benefiting from these merits,several benchmark values in performance of TiO2-based photocathode applied in PLIBs are set,including the capacity of 276 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1) under illumination,photoconversion efficiency of 1.276%at 3 A g^(−1),less capacity and Columbic efficiency loss even through 200 cycles.These results exemplify the potential of the bulk heterojunction strategy in developing highly efficient and stable photoassisted energy storage systems.展开更多
Cascaded H-Bridge inverter has been researched for the past two decades, but there are no explicit guidelines on how one can realize a cascaded NPC （neutral-point-clamped）/H-Bridge inverter. Past research has also c...Cascaded H-Bridge inverter has been researched for the past two decades, but there are no explicit guidelines on how one can realize a cascaded NPC （neutral-point-clamped）/H-Bridge inverter. Past research has also concentrated on realizing a five-level NPC/H-Bridge inverter. This fails to address the principle of realizing a general cascaded N-level NPC/H-Bridge PWM inverter. This paper proposes an improved topology for achieving a nine-level cascaded NPC （neutral-point-clamped） H-Bridge inverter with reduced harmonic content. This new proposed topology requires a lesser number of separate dc sources as compared to conventional cascaded H-Bridge inverter. The whole system is considered as having four three level legs having two positive and two negative legs. By properly phase shifting the modulating wave and carriers, a nine-level output is achieved. A theoretical harmonic analysis of the proposed inverter is carried out based on double Fourier principle. The theoretical results are verified through MATLAB simulation.展开更多
The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs b...The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs based on M-EMLs separated by polyethyleneimine ethoxylated(PEIE)layer with different stacking sequences of blue(B),green(G),and red(R)QDs layer were used to intuitively explore the injection,transportation and recombination processes of the charge carriers in QLEDs by using the time-resolved electroluminescence(TrEL)spectra.From the TrEL spectra mea-surements,green and red emissions were obtained first in the QLEDs with the EMLs sequences of G/PEIE/B/PEIE/R and B/PEIE/R/PEIE/G along the direction of light emission,respectively.While the QLEDs adopt EMLs sequences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,the blue,green and red emissions were obtained nearly at the same time.The above phenomenon can be attributed to different charge carrier transmission and radiation recombination process in the EMLs due to different valence band offsets and conduction band offsets between R-,G-and B-QDs by using different sequences of EMLs.White emission with coordi-nates of(0.31,0.31)and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5916 K was obtained in the QLEDs with the EMLs se-quences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,which can be attributed to the relative uniform emission of B-,G-and R-QDs due to the effec-tive injection and radiation recombination of charge carriers in each of the EMLs.The above results have great significance for further understanding and improving the performance of QLEDs with M-EMLs.展开更多
Nanolipid carriers and traditional emulsion containing chemical sunscreens were prepared using emulsification combined with ultrasonic technology.The nanolipid carriers showed superior performance in sunscreen encapsu...Nanolipid carriers and traditional emulsion containing chemical sunscreens were prepared using emulsification combined with ultrasonic technology.The nanolipid carriers showed superior performance in sunscreen encapsulation,slow release and skin impermeability,and provided an excellent nanolipid slow-release encapsulation system for sunscreens.As observed by transmission electron microscopy,the nanolipid carriers were spherical shape,with smooth surface and uniform distribution,and the particle sizes were mainly concentrated in the range of 230 to 250 nm without agglomeration.The nanolipid carriers significantly improved the sunscreen performance through the synergistic effect of scattering and chemical absorption,and showed better UV stability than traditional sunscreen,indicating their photoprotective function.In vitro release experiments showed that the nano-lipidic carriers exhibited better release control when loaded with octyl methoxycinnamate(OMC)and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane(BDFM)sunscreens than traditional traditional emulsions,with the cumulative release rate of OMC in the nano-lipidic carriers decreasing by 17.17% to 30.24% within 12 hours,and that of BDFM decreasing by 26.67% to 44.67%.26.67% to 44.16%.The results of the in vitro permeation experiment further confirmed that the nanolipid carriers could effectively encapsulate the sunscreens and prevent them from penetrating the skin barrier,thus reducing the skin irritation.Compared with traditional traditional emulsion,the cumulative penetration of OMC in nanostructured lipid carriers was 2.24μg/cm^(2)in 4 hours,while the cumulative penetration was reduced by 68.05%.The cumulative penetration of BDFM in the nanostructured lipid carrier was 3.24μg/cm^(2),with a 64.04%reduction in cumulative penetration.展开更多
Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited diseases. Its prevalence is increasing due to the perpetuity of carriers of the trait who are able to marry. Women aged 18 to 3...Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited diseases. Its prevalence is increasing due to the perpetuity of carriers of the trait who are able to marry. Women aged 18 to 35 years constitute the most reproductive age group. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of sickle cell trait among women aged 18 to 35 years and the attitude of women carriers towards the choice of a carrier spouse. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical aims conducted from March to September 2024 in Kisangani. A total of 215 women aged 18 to 35 years presented for screening for sickle cell trait. This study described the following parameters: Sociodemographic data (age, level of education, socioeconomic level, marital status), obstetric and medical history (obstetric formula, sickle cell disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, asthma), knowledge of sickle cell disease (etiological classification, transmission, prevention, high-risk marriages, clinical manifestations, progression of the disease), attitude of the woman in relation to the choice of an AS spouse, as well as the reasons justifying each attitude. Results: The prevalence of sickle cell trait was 23.7% (51/215). A total of 64.3% of respondents had accepted the choice of spouse before confirmation of carrier status and 73.8% had refused after confirmation of carrier status. Choice was significantly related to age (p-value = 0.027), occupation (p-value = 0.015), parity (p-value = 0.039) and gesture (p-value = 0.034) before test. The ignorance of the union at risk was associated with the risk (p = 0.005;OR: 9.10;CI 95%: 2.03 - 4.81) of accepting the choice of a spouse carrying the trait. Conclusion: The prevalence of sickle cell trait among women aged 18 to 35 years in Kisangani remains within the limits of that of the general population. The choice of a spouse carrying sickle cell trait is associated with the woman’s age, her profession, parity, gestation and her knowledge about high-risk unions. Screening campaigns and health education sessions enable women carrying sickle cell trait to make a wise choice.展开更多
Cleft palate is a common congenital malformation of the maxillofacial region,and its postoperative speech disorders(such as hypernasality,nasal emission,and articulation errors)can significantly impact patients’commu...Cleft palate is a common congenital malformation of the maxillofacial region,and its postoperative speech disorders(such as hypernasality,nasal emission,and articulation errors)can significantly impact patients’communication abilities and psychological well-being.Traditional speech-language therapy faces challenges such as insufficient personalization of training methods,limited scenarios,and low patient compliance,making it inadequate for long-term rehabilitation needs.The innovative intervention model of a mobile interactive platform combined with games and picture books,through immersive experiences,instant feedback,and engaging designs,holds promise for enhancing patient participation and overall treatment outcomes.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive review from five perspectives:the pathological mechanisms and treatment needs of cleft palate speech disorders,the advantages of games and picture books as carriers in cleft palate speech therapy,the technological implementation of mobile interactive platforms,clinical application effects,and current challenges and limitations.The aim is to offer valuable insights for clinical practice and technological development in cleft palate speech rehabilitation.展开更多
Surface states are expected to play a key role in broadband terahertz(THz) emitters, where photoexcited carrier distributions are confined within about 1 μm of the surface. Optical pump and THz probe spectroscopy was...Surface states are expected to play a key role in broadband terahertz(THz) emitters, where photoexcited carrier distributions are confined within about 1 μm of the surface. Optical pump and THz probe spectroscopy was used to study the dynamics of nonequilibrium charge carriers in both textured and non-textured GaAs substrates.Our findings show that the textured surface acts as an antireflective layer, greatly boosting the infrared pump laser's coupling efficiency into the semi-insulating GaAs substrate. Additionally, texturing introduces a trapassisted recombination pathway, speeding up carrier relaxation and thus reducing Joule heating. Under the same pumping and bias field conditions, the coarse-textured GaAs photoconductive antenna shows nearly 7.85 times stronger THz emission amplitude than the non-textured device, along with improvement in signal-to-noise ratio.At a fixed bias field, higher pump power increases photogenerated carrier density, causing bias field screening and subsequent saturation of THz emission. At fixed pump power, when the bias field reaches ~2.5 kV/cm, both THz emission and photocurrent spectra show a clear kink, signaling intervalley scattering from the Γ valley to the L(X) valleys under high electric fields.展开更多
Dibenzyltoluene(DBT)is a prospective liquid organic hydrogen carrier(LOHC)with low cost and high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity(6.2 wt%).However,the wide application of DBT is severely restricted by expensive n...Dibenzyltoluene(DBT)is a prospective liquid organic hydrogen carrier(LOHC)with low cost and high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity(6.2 wt%).However,the wide application of DBT is severely restricted by expensive noble catalysts.In this work,a new Mg-based metal hydride hydrogenation catalyst,which is composed of MgH_(2),Mg_(2)NiH_(4) and LaH_(3) micro-nano-particles.展开更多
We investigate the carrier, phonon, and spin dynamics in the ferromagnetic semiconductor(In,Fe)Sb using ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy. We discover two anomalies near T^(*)(~40 K) and T^(†)(~200 K) in the p...We investigate the carrier, phonon, and spin dynamics in the ferromagnetic semiconductor(In,Fe)Sb using ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy. We discover two anomalies near T^(*)(~40 K) and T^(†)(~200 K) in the photoexcited carrier dynamics, which can be attributed to the electron-spin and spin-lattice scattering processes influenced by the magnetic phase transition and modifications in magnetic anisotropy. The magnetization change can be revealed by the dynamics of coherent acoustic phonon. We also observe abrupt changes in the photoinduced spin dynamics near T^(*)and T^(†), which not only illustrate the spin-related scatterings closely related to the long-range magnetic order, but also reveal the D'yakonov–Perel and Elliott–Yafet mechanisms dominating at temperatures below and above T^(†), respectively. Our findings provide important insights into the nonequilibrium properties of the photoexcited(In,Fe)Sb.展开更多
This study investigates the crystal structure,microstructure,electronic,thermal transport properties,and thermoelectric performance ofα-MgAgSb synthesized through various ball milling techniques.Variations in synthes...This study investigates the crystal structure,microstructure,electronic,thermal transport properties,and thermoelectric performance ofα-MgAgSb synthesized through various ball milling techniques.Variations in synthesis methods can significantly impact thermoelectric performance.Our findings indicate that impurity phases,particularly the secondary phase Ag_(3)Sb,hinder grain growth and decrease carrier mobility.By systematically adjusting milling conditions,the increased grain size resulting from the suppression of impurity formation improves charge carrier mobility and enhances the power factor.Low-temperature resistivity analysis reveals distinct scattering mechanisms influenced by impurity levels.α-MgAgSb with a tiny content of Sb primarily exhibits electron-electron scattering,whereas higher impurity levels introduce both electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering.Additionally,thermal conductivity analysis using three Effective Medium Theory(EMT)methods shows that the distribution of Ag_(3)Sb increases interfacial resistance.The maximum zT value of 1.36 was achieved in a compound with anα-MgAgSb to Sb ratio of 99%:1%.展开更多
The performance of cesium lead halide per-ovskite devices is seriously affected by grain boundaries and other charge traps in the poly-crystalline perovskite thin films.LiBr doping could effectively passivate defects ...The performance of cesium lead halide per-ovskite devices is seriously affected by grain boundaries and other charge traps in the poly-crystalline perovskite thin films.LiBr doping could effectively passivate defects in CsPbBr_(3) perovskite thin films,but it is still unclear that whether the passivation can help the carriers to diffuse across the grain boundaries.Here we have studied the carrier recombina-tion and diffusion dynamics in LiBr passivat-ed CsPbBr_(3) perovskite film with poly(9-vinyl-carbazole)(PVK)film underneath by using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and transient absorption microscopy.The photoluminescence imaging and transient absorption morphological imaging show that LiBr passivating has made the grain size larger and reduced grain boundaries in CsPbBr_(3) film.The transient absorption spectroscopy and time-re-solved photoluminescence data indicate that LiBr passivating has slowed down the bimolecu-lar recombination rate and extended the carrier lifetime.The photoexcited hot holes in the perovskite layer would transfer to the PVK layer in the initial 2 ps.And the transient absorp-tion microscopy measurements reveal that the LiBr passivation can help the carriers to diffuse across the grain boundaries to the surrounding grains in the CsPbBr_(3) perovskite films.The carrier diffusion time is around 100 ps when the distance between two grains is~0.9μm.展开更多
Defects at the grain boundaries(GBs)of perovskite film highly restrict both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,organic small molecules of butanedioic acid(BA)and acetylenedicarboxylic ...Defects at the grain boundaries(GBs)of perovskite film highly restrict both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,organic small molecules of butanedioic acid(BA)and acetylenedicarboxylic acid(AA),containing two carbonyl(C=O)groups and different core-units,were incorporated into perovskite as additives for PSCs application.Thanks to the strong coordination interaction between C=O group and under-coordinated Pb^(2+),the additives can effectively passivate film defects and regulate the perovskite crystallization,yielding high-quality perovskite films with lower defect densities.More importantly,the additives can efficiently regulate the charge transport behaviors in PSCs.Benefiting from the defects passivation and the regulation of charge carrier dynamics,the BA and AA-treaded PSCs show the power conversion efficiencies of 21.52%and 20.50%,which are higher than that of the control device(19.41%).Besides,the optimal devices exhibit a remarkable enhanced long-term stability and moisture tolerance compared to the pristine devices.Furthermore,the transient absorption spectrum reveals the mechanism of enhanced photovoltaic performances,attributing to the improvement of charge transport capability at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interfaces.This work affords a promising strategy to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs through regulating the charge-carrier dynamic process in perovskite film.展开更多
Recent breakthroughs in hot carrier(HC)cooling dynamics within halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)have positioned them as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic applications.Therefore,it is of great i...Recent breakthroughs in hot carrier(HC)cooling dynamics within halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)have positioned them as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic applications.Therefore,it is of great importance to systematically summarize advances in understanding and controlling HC relaxation mechanisms.Here,we offer an overview of advances in the understanding of the HC cooling process in perovskite NCs,with a focus on influences of excitation energy,excitation intensity,composition,size,dimensionality,doping,and core-shell structure on the HC cooling times.Finally,we propose suggestions for future investigations into the HC cooling process in perovskite NCs.展开更多
High-mobility semiconductor nanotubes have demonstrated great potential for applications in high-speed transistors,single-charge detection,and memory devices.Here we systematically investigated the electronic properti...High-mobility semiconductor nanotubes have demonstrated great potential for applications in high-speed transistors,single-charge detection,and memory devices.Here we systematically investigated the electronic properties of single-walled boron antimonide(BSb)nanotubes using first-principles calculations.We observed that rolling the hexagonal boron antimonide monolayer into armchair(ANT)and zigzag(ZNT)nanotubes induces compression and wrinkling effects,significantly modifying the band structures and carrier mobilities through band folding andπ^(*)-σ^(*)hybridization.As the chiral index increases,the band gap and carrier mobility of ANTs decrease monotonically,where electron mobility consistently exceeds hole mobility.In contrast,ZNTs exhibit a more complex trend:the band gap first increases and then decreases,and the carrier mobility displays oscillatory behavior.In particular,both ANTs and ZNTs could exhibit significantly higher carrier mobilities compared to hexagonal monolayer and zinc-blende BSb,reaching 10^(-3)-10^(-7) cm^(-2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1).Our findings highlight strong curvature-induced modifications in the electronic properties of single-walled BSb nanotubes,demonstrating the latter as a promising candidate for high-performance electronic devices.展开更多
A minority carrier lifetime of 25.46 μs in a P-type 4H-SiC epilayer has been attained through sequential thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing. Thermal oxidation can enhance the minority carrier lifetime in the 4H...A minority carrier lifetime of 25.46 μs in a P-type 4H-SiC epilayer has been attained through sequential thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing. Thermal oxidation can enhance the minority carrier lifetime in the 4H-SiC epilayer by reducing carbon vacancies. However, this process also generates carbon clusters with limited diffusivity and contributes to the enlargement of surface pits on the 4H-SiC. High-temperature hydrogen annealing effectively reduces stacking fault and dislocation density. Moreover, electron spin resonance analysis indicates a significant reduction in carbon vacancy defects after hydrogen annealing. The mechanisms of the elimination of carbon vacancies by hydrogen annealing include the decomposition of carbon clusters formed during thermal oxidation and the low-pressure selective etching by hydrogen,which increases the carbon content on the 4H-SiC surface and facilitates carbon diffusion. Consequently, the combination of thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing eliminates carbon vacancies more effectively, substantially enhancing the minority carrier lifetime in P-type 4H-SiC. This improvement is advantageous for the application of high-voltage SiC bipolar devices.展开更多
Water depth significantly affects ship resistance,which,in turn,influences fuel consumption.Furthermore,the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions for environmental sustainability highlights the importance of applying...Water depth significantly affects ship resistance,which,in turn,influences fuel consumption.Furthermore,the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions for environmental sustainability highlights the importance of applying drag reduction methods to shallow-water vehicles.To effectively employ these methods,the initial step entails an in-depth investigation of how shallow water impacts the resistance and flow dynamics of a mini-bulk carrier.This study extensively analyzes the hydrodynamic characteristics of mini-bulk carriers,focusing on the impact of shallow water on resistance and flow dynamics utilizing a combination of experimental tests and numerical analyses.This study emphasizes the interaction between the hull and the shallow seabed.This study also highlights increased frictional drag and significant residual resistance by analyzing the total resistance at various speeds in shallow waters.The results of five key factors influencing resistance in shallow waters,namely,boundary layer thickness,shear stress,velocity and pressure,turbulence,and waves,are discussed.A decrease in water depth accelerates the flow under the hull,increasing shear stress and resistance.The accelerated flow reduces the gap between the hull and the shallow seabed,elevating water pressure and increasing sinkage and resistance.Heightened turbulence in shallow water intensifies Reynolds stress,augmenting friction and viscous resistance.展开更多
基金supported by Key Project of National Ninth Five-Year Research Program of China[(1998)1303]
文摘EAST （experimental advanced superconducting tokamak） fast control power supply is a high-capacity single-phase AC/DC/AC inverter power supply, which traces the displacement signal of plasma, and excites coils in a vacuum vessel to produce a magnetic field that realizes plasma stabilization. To meet the requirements of a large current and fast response, the multi- ple structure of the carrier phase-shift three-level inverter is presented, which realizes parallelled multi-inverters, raises the equivalent switching frequency of the inverters and improves the per- formance of output waves. In this work the design scheme is analyzed, and the output harmonic characteristic of parallel inverters is studied. The simulation and experimental results confirm that the scheme and control strategy is valid. The power supply system can supply a large current, and has a perfect performance on harmonic features as well as the ability of a fast response.
文摘Correction to:Nano-Micro Letters(2026)18:10.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-025-01852-8 Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the last author’s name was inadvertently misspelled.The published version showed“Hongzhen Chen”,whereas the correct spelling should be“Hongzheng Chen”.The correct author name has been provided in this Correction,and the original article[1]has been corrected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2006217,61775015,61801017,and 61827818)。
文摘An approach to generate high-speed and wideband frequency shift keying(FSK)signals based on carrier phase-shifted double sideband(CPS-DSB)modulation is proposed and experimentally validated.The core part of the scheme is a pair of cascaded polarization-sensitive LiNbO_(3) Mach–Zehnder modulators and phase modulators,whose polarization directions of the principal axes are mutually orthogonal to each other.A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out,where a 0.5 Gb/s FSK signal with the carrier frequencies of 4 and 8 GHz and a 1 Gb/s FSK signal with the carrier frequencies of 8 and 16 GHz are generated successfully.
基金the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Plan(2021YFB3302501)the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12102077)。
文摘Safe and efficient sortie scheduling on the confined flight deck is crucial for maintaining high combat effectiveness of the aircraft carrier.The primary difficulty exactly lies in the spatiotemporal coordination,i.e.,allocation of limited supporting resources and collision-avoidance between heterogeneous dispatch entities.In this paper,the problem is investigated in the perspective of hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem by synthesizing the precedence,space and resource constraints.Specifically,eight processing procedures are abstracted,where tractors,preparing spots,catapults,and launching are virtualized as machines.By analyzing the constraints in sortie scheduling,a mixed-integer planning model is constructed.In particular,the constraint on preparing spot occupancy is improved to further enhance the sortie efficiency.The basic trajectory library for each dispatch entity is generated and a delayed strategy is integrated to address the collision-avoidance issue.To efficiently solve the formulated HFSP,which is essentially a combinatorial problem with tightly coupled constraints,a chaos-initialized genetic algorithm is developed.The solution framework is validated by the simulation environment referring to the Fort-class carrier,exhibiting higher sortie efficiency when compared to existing strategies.And animation of the simulation results is available at www.bilibili.com/video/BV14t421A7Tt/.The study presents a promising supporting technique for autonomous flight deck operation in the foreseeable future,and can be easily extended to other supporting scenarios,e.g.,ammunition delivery and aircraft maintenance.
基金supported by the project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52202115 and 52172101)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515012325)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1085)the Shaanxi Science and Technology Innovation Team(2023-CXTD-44)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(G2022KY0604).
文摘Efficient and stable photocathodes with versatility are of significance in photoassisted lithium-ion batteries(PLIBs),while there is always a request on fast carrier transport in electrochemical active photocathodes.Present work proposes a general approach of creating bulk heterojunction to boost the carrier mobility of photocathodes by simply laser assisted embedding of plasmonic nanocrystals.When employed in PLIBs,it was found effective for synchronously enhanced photocharge separation and transport in light charging process.Additionally,experimental photon spectroscopy,finite difference time domain method simulation and theoretical analyses demonstrate that the improved carrier dynamics are driven by the plasmonic-induced hot electron injection from metal to TiO_(2),as well as the enhanced conductivity in TiO2 matrix due to the formation of oxygen vacancies after Schottky contact.Benefiting from these merits,several benchmark values in performance of TiO2-based photocathode applied in PLIBs are set,including the capacity of 276 mAh g^(−1) at 0.2 A g^(−1) under illumination,photoconversion efficiency of 1.276%at 3 A g^(−1),less capacity and Columbic efficiency loss even through 200 cycles.These results exemplify the potential of the bulk heterojunction strategy in developing highly efficient and stable photoassisted energy storage systems.
文摘Cascaded H-Bridge inverter has been researched for the past two decades, but there are no explicit guidelines on how one can realize a cascaded NPC （neutral-point-clamped）/H-Bridge inverter. Past research has also concentrated on realizing a five-level NPC/H-Bridge inverter. This fails to address the principle of realizing a general cascaded N-level NPC/H-Bridge PWM inverter. This paper proposes an improved topology for achieving a nine-level cascaded NPC （neutral-point-clamped） H-Bridge inverter with reduced harmonic content. This new proposed topology requires a lesser number of separate dc sources as compared to conventional cascaded H-Bridge inverter. The whole system is considered as having four three level legs having two positive and two negative legs. By properly phase shifting the modulating wave and carriers, a nine-level output is achieved. A theoretical harmonic analysis of the proposed inverter is carried out based on double Fourier principle. The theoretical results are verified through MATLAB simulation.
文摘The charge carrier transport and recombination dynamics in the quantum dots-based light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)featuring multiple emitting layers(M-EMLs)has a great impact on the device performance.In this work,QLEDs based on M-EMLs separated by polyethyleneimine ethoxylated(PEIE)layer with different stacking sequences of blue(B),green(G),and red(R)QDs layer were used to intuitively explore the injection,transportation and recombination processes of the charge carriers in QLEDs by using the time-resolved electroluminescence(TrEL)spectra.From the TrEL spectra mea-surements,green and red emissions were obtained first in the QLEDs with the EMLs sequences of G/PEIE/B/PEIE/R and B/PEIE/R/PEIE/G along the direction of light emission,respectively.While the QLEDs adopt EMLs sequences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,the blue,green and red emissions were obtained nearly at the same time.The above phenomenon can be attributed to different charge carrier transmission and radiation recombination process in the EMLs due to different valence band offsets and conduction band offsets between R-,G-and B-QDs by using different sequences of EMLs.White emission with coordi-nates of(0.31,0.31)and correlated color temperature(CCT)of 5916 K was obtained in the QLEDs with the EMLs se-quences of B/PEIE/G/PEIE/R,which can be attributed to the relative uniform emission of B-,G-and R-QDs due to the effec-tive injection and radiation recombination of charge carriers in each of the EMLs.The above results have great significance for further understanding and improving the performance of QLEDs with M-EMLs.
文摘Nanolipid carriers and traditional emulsion containing chemical sunscreens were prepared using emulsification combined with ultrasonic technology.The nanolipid carriers showed superior performance in sunscreen encapsulation,slow release and skin impermeability,and provided an excellent nanolipid slow-release encapsulation system for sunscreens.As observed by transmission electron microscopy,the nanolipid carriers were spherical shape,with smooth surface and uniform distribution,and the particle sizes were mainly concentrated in the range of 230 to 250 nm without agglomeration.The nanolipid carriers significantly improved the sunscreen performance through the synergistic effect of scattering and chemical absorption,and showed better UV stability than traditional sunscreen,indicating their photoprotective function.In vitro release experiments showed that the nano-lipidic carriers exhibited better release control when loaded with octyl methoxycinnamate(OMC)and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane(BDFM)sunscreens than traditional traditional emulsions,with the cumulative release rate of OMC in the nano-lipidic carriers decreasing by 17.17% to 30.24% within 12 hours,and that of BDFM decreasing by 26.67% to 44.67%.26.67% to 44.16%.The results of the in vitro permeation experiment further confirmed that the nanolipid carriers could effectively encapsulate the sunscreens and prevent them from penetrating the skin barrier,thus reducing the skin irritation.Compared with traditional traditional emulsion,the cumulative penetration of OMC in nanostructured lipid carriers was 2.24μg/cm^(2)in 4 hours,while the cumulative penetration was reduced by 68.05%.The cumulative penetration of BDFM in the nanostructured lipid carrier was 3.24μg/cm^(2),with a 64.04%reduction in cumulative penetration.
文摘Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most common autosomal recessive inherited diseases. Its prevalence is increasing due to the perpetuity of carriers of the trait who are able to marry. Women aged 18 to 35 years constitute the most reproductive age group. This study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of sickle cell trait among women aged 18 to 35 years and the attitude of women carriers towards the choice of a carrier spouse. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical aims conducted from March to September 2024 in Kisangani. A total of 215 women aged 18 to 35 years presented for screening for sickle cell trait. This study described the following parameters: Sociodemographic data (age, level of education, socioeconomic level, marital status), obstetric and medical history (obstetric formula, sickle cell disease, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, asthma), knowledge of sickle cell disease (etiological classification, transmission, prevention, high-risk marriages, clinical manifestations, progression of the disease), attitude of the woman in relation to the choice of an AS spouse, as well as the reasons justifying each attitude. Results: The prevalence of sickle cell trait was 23.7% (51/215). A total of 64.3% of respondents had accepted the choice of spouse before confirmation of carrier status and 73.8% had refused after confirmation of carrier status. Choice was significantly related to age (p-value = 0.027), occupation (p-value = 0.015), parity (p-value = 0.039) and gesture (p-value = 0.034) before test. The ignorance of the union at risk was associated with the risk (p = 0.005;OR: 9.10;CI 95%: 2.03 - 4.81) of accepting the choice of a spouse carrying the trait. Conclusion: The prevalence of sickle cell trait among women aged 18 to 35 years in Kisangani remains within the limits of that of the general population. The choice of a spouse carrying sickle cell trait is associated with the woman’s age, her profession, parity, gestation and her knowledge about high-risk unions. Screening campaigns and health education sessions enable women carrying sickle cell trait to make a wise choice.
文摘Cleft palate is a common congenital malformation of the maxillofacial region,and its postoperative speech disorders(such as hypernasality,nasal emission,and articulation errors)can significantly impact patients’communication abilities and psychological well-being.Traditional speech-language therapy faces challenges such as insufficient personalization of training methods,limited scenarios,and low patient compliance,making it inadequate for long-term rehabilitation needs.The innovative intervention model of a mobile interactive platform combined with games and picture books,through immersive experiences,instant feedback,and engaging designs,holds promise for enhancing patient participation and overall treatment outcomes.Therefore,this paper provides a comprehensive review from five perspectives:the pathological mechanisms and treatment needs of cleft palate speech disorders,the advantages of games and picture books as carriers in cleft palate speech therapy,the technological implementation of mobile interactive platforms,clinical application effects,and current challenges and limitations.The aim is to offer valuable insights for clinical practice and technological development in cleft palate speech rehabilitation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2023YFF0719200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62322115,U24A20226,62588201,62435010,and 62335012)+2 种基金the 111 Project (Grant No.D18014)the Key project supported by Science and Technology Commission Shanghai Municipality (Grant No.YDZX20193100004960)Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant Nos.22JC1400200 and 21S31907400)。
文摘Surface states are expected to play a key role in broadband terahertz(THz) emitters, where photoexcited carrier distributions are confined within about 1 μm of the surface. Optical pump and THz probe spectroscopy was used to study the dynamics of nonequilibrium charge carriers in both textured and non-textured GaAs substrates.Our findings show that the textured surface acts as an antireflective layer, greatly boosting the infrared pump laser's coupling efficiency into the semi-insulating GaAs substrate. Additionally, texturing introduces a trapassisted recombination pathway, speeding up carrier relaxation and thus reducing Joule heating. Under the same pumping and bias field conditions, the coarse-textured GaAs photoconductive antenna shows nearly 7.85 times stronger THz emission amplitude than the non-textured device, along with improvement in signal-to-noise ratio.At a fixed bias field, higher pump power increases photogenerated carrier density, causing bias field screening and subsequent saturation of THz emission. At fixed pump power, when the bias field reaches ~2.5 kV/cm, both THz emission and photocurrent spectra show a clear kink, signaling intervalley scattering from the Γ valley to the L(X) valleys under high electric fields.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFB3809100)the Youth Fund Project of Grinm(No.SKHT10422023060280).
文摘Dibenzyltoluene(DBT)is a prospective liquid organic hydrogen carrier(LOHC)with low cost and high theoretical hydrogen storage capacity(6.2 wt%).However,the wide application of DBT is severely restricted by expensive noble catalysts.In this work,a new Mg-based metal hydride hydrogenation catalyst,which is composed of MgH_(2),Mg_(2)NiH_(4) and LaH_(3) micro-nano-particles.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFA1408502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 92365102, 62027807, 12474107, and 12174383)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences project for Yong Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No. YSBR-030)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2024A1515011600)。
文摘We investigate the carrier, phonon, and spin dynamics in the ferromagnetic semiconductor(In,Fe)Sb using ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy. We discover two anomalies near T^(*)(~40 K) and T^(†)(~200 K) in the photoexcited carrier dynamics, which can be attributed to the electron-spin and spin-lattice scattering processes influenced by the magnetic phase transition and modifications in magnetic anisotropy. The magnetization change can be revealed by the dynamics of coherent acoustic phonon. We also observe abrupt changes in the photoinduced spin dynamics near T^(*)and T^(†), which not only illustrate the spin-related scatterings closely related to the long-range magnetic order, but also reveal the D'yakonov–Perel and Elliott–Yafet mechanisms dominating at temperatures below and above T^(†), respectively. Our findings provide important insights into the nonequilibrium properties of the photoexcited(In,Fe)Sb.
基金financially supported by JST Mirai Program(No.JPMJMI19A1).
文摘This study investigates the crystal structure,microstructure,electronic,thermal transport properties,and thermoelectric performance ofα-MgAgSb synthesized through various ball milling techniques.Variations in synthesis methods can significantly impact thermoelectric performance.Our findings indicate that impurity phases,particularly the secondary phase Ag_(3)Sb,hinder grain growth and decrease carrier mobility.By systematically adjusting milling conditions,the increased grain size resulting from the suppression of impurity formation improves charge carrier mobility and enhances the power factor.Low-temperature resistivity analysis reveals distinct scattering mechanisms influenced by impurity levels.α-MgAgSb with a tiny content of Sb primarily exhibits electron-electron scattering,whereas higher impurity levels introduce both electron-electron and electron-phonon scattering.Additionally,thermal conductivity analysis using three Effective Medium Theory(EMT)methods shows that the distribution of Ag_(3)Sb increases interfacial resistance.The maximum zT value of 1.36 was achieved in a compound with anα-MgAgSb to Sb ratio of 99%:1%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273006)。
文摘The performance of cesium lead halide per-ovskite devices is seriously affected by grain boundaries and other charge traps in the poly-crystalline perovskite thin films.LiBr doping could effectively passivate defects in CsPbBr_(3) perovskite thin films,but it is still unclear that whether the passivation can help the carriers to diffuse across the grain boundaries.Here we have studied the carrier recombina-tion and diffusion dynamics in LiBr passivat-ed CsPbBr_(3) perovskite film with poly(9-vinyl-carbazole)(PVK)film underneath by using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy and transient absorption microscopy.The photoluminescence imaging and transient absorption morphological imaging show that LiBr passivating has made the grain size larger and reduced grain boundaries in CsPbBr_(3) film.The transient absorption spectroscopy and time-re-solved photoluminescence data indicate that LiBr passivating has slowed down the bimolecu-lar recombination rate and extended the carrier lifetime.The photoexcited hot holes in the perovskite layer would transfer to the PVK layer in the initial 2 ps.And the transient absorp-tion microscopy measurements reveal that the LiBr passivation can help the carriers to diffuse across the grain boundaries to the surrounding grains in the CsPbBr_(3) perovskite films.The carrier diffusion time is around 100 ps when the distance between two grains is~0.9μm.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22065038)High-Level Talents Introduction in Yunnan Province(No.C619300A010)+3 种基金the Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Yunnan(No.202001AW070008)Spring City Plan:the Highlevel Talent Promotion and Training Project of Kunming(No.2022SCP005)for financial supportthe support from the Postdoctoral Research Foundation of Yunnan University(No.W8223004)the Postdoctoral Foundation of Department of Human Resources and Social Security of Yunnan Province(No.C615300504046)。
文摘Defects at the grain boundaries(GBs)of perovskite film highly restrict both the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Herein,organic small molecules of butanedioic acid(BA)and acetylenedicarboxylic acid(AA),containing two carbonyl(C=O)groups and different core-units,were incorporated into perovskite as additives for PSCs application.Thanks to the strong coordination interaction between C=O group and under-coordinated Pb^(2+),the additives can effectively passivate film defects and regulate the perovskite crystallization,yielding high-quality perovskite films with lower defect densities.More importantly,the additives can efficiently regulate the charge transport behaviors in PSCs.Benefiting from the defects passivation and the regulation of charge carrier dynamics,the BA and AA-treaded PSCs show the power conversion efficiencies of 21.52%and 20.50%,which are higher than that of the control device(19.41%).Besides,the optimal devices exhibit a remarkable enhanced long-term stability and moisture tolerance compared to the pristine devices.Furthermore,the transient absorption spectrum reveals the mechanism of enhanced photovoltaic performances,attributing to the improvement of charge transport capability at the perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD interfaces.This work affords a promising strategy to improve the efficiency and stability of PSCs through regulating the charge-carrier dynamic process in perovskite film.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62475169 and 62174079)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2025A1515011195)+2 种基金the Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative(Grant No.GDZX2404006)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20240813143212016 and JCYJ20231122200233001)the Post-doctoral Later-stage Foundation Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic University(Grant No.6024271003K)。
文摘Recent breakthroughs in hot carrier(HC)cooling dynamics within halide perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)have positioned them as promising candidates for next-generation optoelectronic applications.Therefore,it is of great importance to systematically summarize advances in understanding and controlling HC relaxation mechanisms.Here,we offer an overview of advances in the understanding of the HC cooling process in perovskite NCs,with a focus on influences of excitation energy,excitation intensity,composition,size,dimensionality,doping,and core-shell structure on the HC cooling times.Finally,we propose suggestions for future investigations into the HC cooling process in perovskite NCs.
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFA1402503,2023YFA1406200,2023YFB3003001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074138 and 12047530)+2 种基金the Interdisciplinary Integration and Innovation Project of JLUFundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team(JLUSTIRT)。
文摘High-mobility semiconductor nanotubes have demonstrated great potential for applications in high-speed transistors,single-charge detection,and memory devices.Here we systematically investigated the electronic properties of single-walled boron antimonide(BSb)nanotubes using first-principles calculations.We observed that rolling the hexagonal boron antimonide monolayer into armchair(ANT)and zigzag(ZNT)nanotubes induces compression and wrinkling effects,significantly modifying the band structures and carrier mobilities through band folding andπ^(*)-σ^(*)hybridization.As the chiral index increases,the band gap and carrier mobility of ANTs decrease monotonically,where electron mobility consistently exceeds hole mobility.In contrast,ZNTs exhibit a more complex trend:the band gap first increases and then decreases,and the carrier mobility displays oscillatory behavior.In particular,both ANTs and ZNTs could exhibit significantly higher carrier mobilities compared to hexagonal monolayer and zinc-blende BSb,reaching 10^(-3)-10^(-7) cm^(-2)·V^(-1)·s^(-1).Our findings highlight strong curvature-induced modifications in the electronic properties of single-walled BSb nanotubes,demonstrating the latter as a promising candidate for high-performance electronic devices.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2023YFB3609500 and 2023YFB3609502)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62274137)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China (Grant No. 20232BAB202043)the Science and Technology Project of Fujian Province of China (Grant No. 2020I0001)。
文摘A minority carrier lifetime of 25.46 μs in a P-type 4H-SiC epilayer has been attained through sequential thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing. Thermal oxidation can enhance the minority carrier lifetime in the 4H-SiC epilayer by reducing carbon vacancies. However, this process also generates carbon clusters with limited diffusivity and contributes to the enlargement of surface pits on the 4H-SiC. High-temperature hydrogen annealing effectively reduces stacking fault and dislocation density. Moreover, electron spin resonance analysis indicates a significant reduction in carbon vacancy defects after hydrogen annealing. The mechanisms of the elimination of carbon vacancies by hydrogen annealing include the decomposition of carbon clusters formed during thermal oxidation and the low-pressure selective etching by hydrogen,which increases the carbon content on the 4H-SiC surface and facilitates carbon diffusion. Consequently, the combination of thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing eliminates carbon vacancies more effectively, substantially enhancing the minority carrier lifetime in P-type 4H-SiC. This improvement is advantageous for the application of high-voltage SiC bipolar devices.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Shipping,India(Grant No.OEC/18-19/157/MOSH/RVIJ).
文摘Water depth significantly affects ship resistance,which,in turn,influences fuel consumption.Furthermore,the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions for environmental sustainability highlights the importance of applying drag reduction methods to shallow-water vehicles.To effectively employ these methods,the initial step entails an in-depth investigation of how shallow water impacts the resistance and flow dynamics of a mini-bulk carrier.This study extensively analyzes the hydrodynamic characteristics of mini-bulk carriers,focusing on the impact of shallow water on resistance and flow dynamics utilizing a combination of experimental tests and numerical analyses.This study emphasizes the interaction between the hull and the shallow seabed.This study also highlights increased frictional drag and significant residual resistance by analyzing the total resistance at various speeds in shallow waters.The results of five key factors influencing resistance in shallow waters,namely,boundary layer thickness,shear stress,velocity and pressure,turbulence,and waves,are discussed.A decrease in water depth accelerates the flow under the hull,increasing shear stress and resistance.The accelerated flow reduces the gap between the hull and the shallow seabed,elevating water pressure and increasing sinkage and resistance.Heightened turbulence in shallow water intensifies Reynolds stress,augmenting friction and viscous resistance.
