Growth and passivation of tunnels within Al foil by on-off controlling DC etching in 6 wt.% HCI solution has been investigated. It was found that, in a given etchant solution at a special temperature, the longest tunn...Growth and passivation of tunnels within Al foil by on-off controlling DC etching in 6 wt.% HCI solution has been investigated. It was found that, in a given etchant solution at a special temperature, the longest tunnel length was only a function of the turn-on interval of DC. The potential of Al foil broke at on-off controlling DC by the result from anode polarization curves and potential-time （E-t） responding curves. When DC was switched on, the potential increased abruptly over pitting potential, leading to nucleation of pits at the surface and the growth of tunnels at special length. When DC was switched off, the potential decreased rapidly to a passive value, leading to stoppage of nucleation and death of tunnels. By this way, the longest tunnel length can be controlled and a non-piercing layer can be obtained. Hence, etching of Al foil at this current is beneficial for maintaining a good mechanical strength.展开更多
模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)是高压直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)系统中最具潜力的拓扑结构之一。针对MMC中存在的直流侧电容电压平衡及桥臂间的环流问题,提出了一种基于重复控制原理的模型预...模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)是高压直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)系统中最具潜力的拓扑结构之一。针对MMC中存在的直流侧电容电压平衡及桥臂间的环流问题,提出了一种基于重复控制原理的模型预测控制策略,通过求解一个最优化问题,得到每个MMC单元中最佳的开关状态,来抑制循环电流,并实现MMC单元的电容电压平衡。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中对五电平背靠背MMC-HVDC的重复预测控制进行性能评估。仿真结果表明,基于重复预测控制策略的MMC-HVDC系统运行更理想,实现过程容易且简单。展开更多
基金This study was financially supported by Beijing Education Commission,China.
文摘Growth and passivation of tunnels within Al foil by on-off controlling DC etching in 6 wt.% HCI solution has been investigated. It was found that, in a given etchant solution at a special temperature, the longest tunnel length was only a function of the turn-on interval of DC. The potential of Al foil broke at on-off controlling DC by the result from anode polarization curves and potential-time （E-t） responding curves. When DC was switched on, the potential increased abruptly over pitting potential, leading to nucleation of pits at the surface and the growth of tunnels at special length. When DC was switched off, the potential decreased rapidly to a passive value, leading to stoppage of nucleation and death of tunnels. By this way, the longest tunnel length can be controlled and a non-piercing layer can be obtained. Hence, etching of Al foil at this current is beneficial for maintaining a good mechanical strength.
文摘通过分析模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)各部分之间的功率关系,提出一种MMC综合控制方案,包括直流母线电压控制和桥臂电容电压控制。该方案内环采用桥臂电流直接反馈控制,可实现交流侧电流、直流母线电流和内部环流的三重控制,不需要专门的环流控制器。该方案各桥臂电容电压控制基本相互独立,易于实现分布式控制。提出一种电流前馈控制方案,能有效减小电容电压的动态波动,提高动态响应速度。搭建了10 k VA三相MMC实验样机,实验结果验证了所提控制方案的可行性和有效性,并具有优良的动静态特性。
文摘模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)是高压直流输电(high voltage direct current,HVDC)系统中最具潜力的拓扑结构之一。针对MMC中存在的直流侧电容电压平衡及桥臂间的环流问题,提出了一种基于重复控制原理的模型预测控制策略,通过求解一个最优化问题,得到每个MMC单元中最佳的开关状态,来抑制循环电流,并实现MMC单元的电容电压平衡。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中对五电平背靠背MMC-HVDC的重复预测控制进行性能评估。仿真结果表明,基于重复预测控制策略的MMC-HVDC系统运行更理想,实现过程容易且简单。
