Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility(Ogura CMS)was first identified in wild radish(Raphanus sativus)and resulted in complete pollen abortion.However,the molecular mechanism of Ogura CMS in Chinese cabbage remains unclear....Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility(Ogura CMS)was first identified in wild radish(Raphanus sativus)and resulted in complete pollen abortion.However,the molecular mechanism of Ogura CMS in Chinese cabbage remains unclear.A cytological analysis confirmed nuclear degradation during the late uninucleate stage of pollen development,which diminished by the tricellular stage.Concurrently,tapetal cells exhibited abnormal enlargement and vacuolation starting from the tetrad stage.Serious developmental defects were observed in the pollen wall.During early pollen development,genes associated with cytochrome c and programmed cell death(PCD)were upregulated in the Ogura CMS line,while genes involved in pollen wall mitosis were downregulated.Conversely,at the late stage of pollen development,peroxisome and autophagy-related genes in the Ogura CMS line were upregulated.The mitochondrial orf138 gene mutation triggered the PCD process in tapetal cells,leading to their abnormal enlargement and the degradation of their contents,eventually resulting in vacuolation at the tricellular stage.These tapetal defects hindered the provision of adequate sporopollenin and nutrients to the microspores,consequently leading to abnormal pollen wall development and abnormal mitosis in the microspores.Ultimately,nuclear dispersion commenced during the late uninucleate stage,and autophagy occurred in the late stage of pollen development.Consequently,the plant could not produce functional pollen,resulting in male sterility in Chinese cabbage.Studies of Ogura CMS can promote the production and application of male sterile materials and enrich male sterile resources,which is of great significance for hybrid breeding.展开更多
Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysacc...Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysaccharides,sucrose,and phospholipids as well as secondary products(Stasolla et al.,2003;Pareek et al.,2020).Thus,the synthesis of purines is a critical pathway in the cells of all living organisms.Purines can be synthesized through two pathways:de novo and salvage(Stasolla et al.,2003).Recent investigations revealed that purine synthesis is vital for the proper development of chloroplasts in plants.In Arabidopsis,CIA1 encodes the enzyme glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase,which catalyzes the first committed step of purine de novo biosynthesis,the loss-of-function mutant cia1 shows small,pale-green mosaic leaves(Hung et al.,2004).In rice,both VAL1 and GARS encode glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase that mediates the second step in purine biosynthesis.展开更多
Plants possess a hydrophobic layer of wax on their aerial surface,consisting mainly of amorphous intra-cuticular wax and epicuticular wax crystals(Kunst and Samuels,2003).This waxy coating contains a wide variety of v...Plants possess a hydrophobic layer of wax on their aerial surface,consisting mainly of amorphous intra-cuticular wax and epicuticular wax crystals(Kunst and Samuels,2003).This waxy coating contains a wide variety of very-long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs)and their derivatives,including alkanes,alcohols,aldehydes,esters,and ketones.展开更多
The nuclear factor Y(NF-Y)is a class of heterotrimeric transcription factors comprising three subunits:NF-YA,NF-YB,and NF-YC.These transcription factors participate in many plant bioprocesses,including the regulation ...The nuclear factor Y(NF-Y)is a class of heterotrimeric transcription factors comprising three subunits:NF-YA,NF-YB,and NF-YC.These transcription factors participate in many plant bioprocesses,including the regulation of flowering time.Although the NF-Y gene family has been systematically studied in many species,little is known about its role in the non-heading Chinese cabbage(NHCC)[Brassica campestris(syn.Brassica rapa)ssp.chinensis].In this study,we identified 57 NF-Y members in the genome of NHCC using BLASTP,including 20 BcNF-YAs,24BcNF-YBs,and 13 BcNF-YCs.These genes are randomly distributed on the 10 chromosomes of NHCC.The results of yeast two-hybrid experiments indicated that among some members of the three subunits of BcNF-Ys,the members of the NF-YA and NF-YC subunits interact with each other,a third of the members of the NF-YB and NF-YC subunits interact with each other,while no interaction was observed between the members of the NF-YA and NF-YB subunits.Subcellular localization experiments in tobacco showed that Bc NF-YA2 and BcNF-YA8 were expressed in the nucleus;BcNF-YB18 and BcNF-YB23 were located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm;and BcNF-YC6 and BcNF-YC7 were expressed in the nucleus,cytoplasm,and cell membrane.We analyzed the cis-acting elements in the promoter of BcNF-Y genes and found that the ABA response element is the most distributed hormone response element,which is regulated by ABA signals triggered by environmental stimuli.Accordingly,we treated three-week-old NHCC leaves with 100μmol L^(-1) ABA and analyzed the expression profile of BcNF-Ys through RNA-seq.The results showed that except for six undetected BcNF-Ys,the remaining 51 BcNF-Ys showed varying degrees of response to ABA signals.Among these,BcNF-YA8 was positively regulated by ABA signals,with the highest upregulation amplitude.Subsequently,the function of BcNF-YA8 was extensively studied,which demonstrated that its expression promotes plant flowering.This result enriches our understanding of the potential molecular mechanism by which ABA positively regulates NHCC flowering.展开更多
Black spot,a fungal disease caused by Alternaria brassicae infection,inflicts severe damage on Chinese cabbage.Through comparative transcriptomic analysis,this study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying Ch...Black spot,a fungal disease caused by Alternaria brassicae infection,inflicts severe damage on Chinese cabbage.Through comparative transcriptomic analysis,this study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying Chinese cabbage’s defense responses to A.brassicae infection.Notably,we found that the expression of BrERF109 was induced by A.brassicae infection.Silencing of BrERF109 by an optimized virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)assay in Chinese cabbage diminished disease resistance,while BrERF109-overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced it.Additionally,BrERF109 silencing in Chinese cabbage suppressed indolic glucosinolates gene expression,substantially reducing indolic glucosinolates levels,whereas BrERF109-overexpression in Arabidopsis promoted their accumulation.BrERF109 directly interacts with the BrIGMT4 promoter,thereby facilitating indolic glucosinolates accumulation and enhancing defense against A.brassicae.This study elucidates the BrERF109-BrIGMT4 regulatory module in Chinese cabbage’s defense against A.brassicae infection,while providing valuable data for further investigation of plant-A.brassicae interactions.展开更多
Strontium has similar chemical properties to calcium and has recently been recognized as a non-essential beneficial element for plants.In order to compare the effects of strontium and calcium on improving salt toleran...Strontium has similar chemical properties to calcium and has recently been recognized as a non-essential beneficial element for plants.In order to compare the effects of strontium and calcium on improving salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage during the germination stage,2,4,and 8 mmol/L of SrCl_(2),CaCl_(2) or an equimolar mixture of both were added separately to a 150 mmol/L NaCl solution.The results showed that Ca-Sr addition significantly increased seed viability,seed vigor,seed germination rate and seed germination uniformity of Chinese cabbage compared with the salt-control group.The differences in germination percentage(GP)and germination energy(GE)among the Ca-addition and Sr-addition groups were not significant,and the differences in coefficient of rate of germination(CRG),index of rate of germination(IRG)and coefficient of variation of the germination time(CVT)were relatively small,but clear differences were observed in germination index(GI),vigor index(VI)and coefficient of uniformity of germination(CUG).The results of GI and VI indicated that the higher the concentration of Ca-addition or Sr-addition,the more significant the enhancement of seed vigor.Under saline stress(150 mmol/L NaCl),the Ca-Sr co-addition outperformed Sr-treatment alone,and Ca-addition achieved the highest seed vigor at equivalent concentrations.Furthermore,all Ca-Sr treatments significantly enhanced the uniformity of Chinese cabbage sprouts exposed to 150 mM NaCl,with the best uniformity improved by the addition of 2 and 4 mmol/L SrCl_(2).Ca-Sr treatments increased the salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage sprouts during the germination stage mainly because the Ca2+and Sr2+significantly enhanced plasma membrane stability and reduced oxidative stress(as indicated by decreased contents of malondialdehyde and O2⋅-contents)in sprouts.The decrease of soluble sugar and proline content caused by Ca-Sr addition implies that elevated levels of these osmolytes were not the primary contributors to improved seed germinability in Chinese cabbage.These findings demonstrate that Sr is a beneficial element for enhancing salt tolerance in plants,laying a theoretical foundation for the development and application of strontium in agriculture.展开更多
The plant circadian clock temporally drives gene expression throughout the day and coordinates various physiological processes with diurnal environmental changes. It is essential for conferring plant fitness and compe...The plant circadian clock temporally drives gene expression throughout the day and coordinates various physiological processes with diurnal environmental changes. It is essential for conferring plant fitness and competitive advantages to survive and thrive under natural conditions through the circadian control of gene transcription. Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is an economically important vegetable crop worldwide, although there is little information concerning its circadian clock system. Here we found that gene expression patterns are affected bycircadian oscillators at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in Chinese cabbage. Time-course RNA-seq analyses were conducted on two short-period lines(SPcc-1 and SPcc-2) and two long-period lines(LPcc-1 and LPcc-2) under constant light. The results showed that 32.7–50.5% of the genes were regulated bythe circadian oscillator and the expression peaks of cycling genes appeared earlier in short-period lines than long-period lines. In addition, approximately 250 splicing events exhibited circadian regulation, with intron retention(IR) accounting for a large proportion. Rhythmically spliced genes included the clock genes LATE ELONGATEDHYPOCOTYL(BrLHY), REVEILLE 2(BrRVE2) and EARLY FLOWERING 3(BrELF3). We also found that thecircadian oscillator could notably influence the diurnal expression patterns of genes that are associated with glucose metabolism via photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle and the tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle at both the transcriptional andpost-transcriptional levels. The collective results of this study demonstrate that circadian-regulated physiological processes contribute to Chinese cabbage growth and development.展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted to study the influences of foliar application of glycine,alanine,lysine,and glutamic acid in 200 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg upon the quality and enzyme activity of flowering Chinese cabbage（Bra...A pot experiment was conducted to study the influences of foliar application of glycine,alanine,lysine,and glutamic acid in 200 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg upon the quality and enzyme activity of flowering Chinese cabbage（Brassica parachinensis Bailey）.The results showed that all the application of these four amino acids could increase the yield of flowering Chinese cabbage,significantly raise the content of soluble sugar,and reduce the accumulation of nitrate.The applications of three other amino acids except alanine can increase the content of soluble proteins and decrease the accumulation of oxalic acid.However,the application of amino acid has insignificant influences on the SPAD number of chlorophyll,and causes the decrease of Vitamin C content.Meanwhile,the application of amino acid can improve the activity of nitrate reductase（NR） and glutamate dehydrogenase（GDH） as well.It shows that the application of amino acid is beneficial to improve ammonia metabolism,reduce the accumulation of nitrate and oxalic acid,increase the content of soluble sugar and soluble proteins,and improve the quality of flowering Chinese cabbage.展开更多
Sterility changeover induced by low temperature in male sterility line CMS7311 of heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris L. ssp. penkinsis) was investigated under constant temperature, day/night alternating tem...Sterility changeover induced by low temperature in male sterility line CMS7311 of heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris L. ssp. penkinsis) was investigated under constant temperature, day/night alternating temperature in light-growth-incubator and outdoor natural day/night alternating temperature respectively. It showed that the sterility of CMS7311 has significant change with temperature. The constant temperature of 6 - 12 degreesC was suitable to induce the changeover of sterility (CGS) of CMS7311 ; the shortest treatment time for CGS induction at this temperature was 3 d. The significant value of sterility changeover of CMS7311 occurred at the constant temperature of 6 - 9 degreesC after treatment for 6 - 9 d. The intensity of CGS was stronger under constant temperature than under alternate temperature, but the shortest treatment time inducing CGS has no difference between them. When treated for 9 d under the day/night alternating temperature of 11/7 degreesC, its sterility could also turn to normal fertility (near to sterile grade I or zero). In normal condition, the interval from the end of temperature treatment to the beginning of CGS induction was 10 - 16 d. In the condition of natural day/night alternating temperature, the lower limit of temperature for effective CGS induction was at the daily mean temperature ( DMT) of 3. 5 - 6. 8 degreesC, and the shortest treatment time which could induce the sterility changeover was also longer than that under constant temperature, being 11d at DMT of 1.5 - 3.1 degreesC. In addition, for the apical dominance, the flower bud on the first lateral branch showed the CGS 8 - 10 d later than the flower bud on the main stem under the same temperature with the same days of treatment. The intensity of CGS of CMS7311 on the first lateral branch was also weaker than the flower bud on the main stem.展开更多
In order to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for quality of Chinese cabbage, 28 Chinese cabbage cultivars or inbreeds were selected as ex- perimental materials to identify the raw and cooked taste and deter...In order to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for quality of Chinese cabbage, 28 Chinese cabbage cultivars or inbreeds were selected as ex- perimental materials to identify the raw and cooked taste and determine the nutrient component contents, and the subjective factors （taste） and objective factors （nutrient component contents） influencing the sensory quality of Chinese cabbage were ana- lyzed by multiple regression and path analysis. The results showed that two regres- sion equations were obtained： yr （raw quality）=0.310 3＋0.254 0xl （juiciness）＋0.176 2 x2 （sweetness）＋0.221 6x3 （crispness）＋0.319 9x4 （flavor）; Yc （cooked quality）=0.204 4＋ 0.250 9 xs （residue）＋0.246 9x6 （cooked sweetness）＋0.182 5x7 （softness）＋0.323 lx8 （cooked flavor）. The path analysis results showed that among the sensory indices, the total coefficients of sweetness and juiciness were 0.445 3 and 0.427 6, respec- tively. It indicated they were the main factors affecting the raw quality of Chinese cab- bage, followed by flavor and crispness. Sweetness, with total coefficient of 0.515 2, showed the greatest effect on the cooked quality of Chinese cabbage, followed by residue, cooked flavor and softness. The effects of nutrient component contents on the sensory quality of Chinese cabbage were further analyzed, and the regression equa- tions were obtained： y, =-32.192 0＋0.389 3xw （moisture content）＋1.169 8x~ （soluble sugar content）; Yc = 7.497 1＋0.732 6xs - 5.668 8x, （organic acid content）-2.176 3x~ （crude fiber content）. The standardized regression coefficients of soluble sugar con- tent were all highest with the value of 0.580 7 in the raw quality regression equa- tion and 0.325 0 in the cooked quality one, indicating that among the six nutrient components, the soluble sugar content was the main factor affecting both raw and cooked quality of Chinese cabbage. This study will provide certain basis for quality evaluation, selection and breeding of high-quality Chinese cabbage.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed to explore the method for directional breeding of a male-sterile line in oval-ecotype Chinese cabbage. [Method] Based on ＂Multiple Allele Hypothesis of Genic Male Sterile Chinese Cabbage＂...[Objective] The study aimed to explore the method for directional breeding of a male-sterile line in oval-ecotype Chinese cabbage. [Method] Based on ＂Multiple Allele Hypothesis of Genic Male Sterile Chinese Cabbage＂, an inbred line ＇06048＇ of oval ecotype was used as the receptor, and male fertile plant of ＇AB12＇ was used as the donor line. Crossing, backcross, selfing, testcross and sibling were ap- plied to transfer the multiple alleles under the directional genetic model. [Result] Segregation ratio of every generation was consistent with theoretical value. A new male sterile line with 100% male sterility and ＇06048＇ horticultural traits was ob- tained successfully, which accomplished the transfer of male sterile multiple allele and horticultural characters of receptor line at the same time. [Conclusion] The re- search verifies that the model of directional transfer is feasible, provides a theoreti- cal basis for the directional transfer of Chinese cabbage with other horticultural traits whose genotype is msms. The model can also be applied to other Brassica crops, to generate genetic male sterile lines with specific botanical traits and high-quality economic traits.展开更多
The Chinese cabbage seed used in this study was Xinfengkang 90. The tested seeds were treated with 1 000×g, 2 000×g and 4 000×g of hypergravity for 20, 40 and 60 min respectively. The Chinese cabbage le...The Chinese cabbage seed used in this study was Xinfengkang 90. The tested seeds were treated with 1 000×g, 2 000×g and 4 000×g of hypergravity for 20, 40 and 60 min respectively. The Chinese cabbage leaves were col ected at the early seedling stage for the determination of free proline content, POD activity and SOD activity. The results showed the free proline content was lowest in the seeds treated with 40-min 2 000-g gravity, while it was highest for the 60-min 4 000-g gravity treatment. Compared to the control, al the hypergravity treatments inhibited the synthesis of free proline. The POD activity was highest in the seeds treated with 20-min 1 000-g gravity, while it was lowest in the seeds treated with 60-min 2 000-g gravity. Considering the SOD activity, the 40-min 1 000-g gravity treatment was highest, and the 60-min 4 000-g gravity treatment was lowest. lt was indicated that appropriate hypergravity treatment was conducive to increasing the SOD activity.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage to La and Zn. [Method] The effects of La and Zn on seed germination and seedling growth were explored by ...[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage to La and Zn. [Method] The effects of La and Zn on seed germination and seedling growth were explored by tissue culture method. [Result] La and Zn had little effects on seed germination rate, but significantly inhibited the growth of root and seedling, decreased their fresh weight at higher concentration; the inhibition of La proved higher on Chinese cabbage. The contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein increased at lower concentrations of La and Zn, but decreased at higher concentrations. With increasing doses of La and Zn, the activities of CAT and POD rose gradually, while SOD activity decreased at lower doses and increased at higher doses. Both of La and Zn would promote Of. producing and MDA accumulation. [Conclusion] In higher concentration, La was more poisonous than Zn. It is clear that the poisonous mechanism of La is similar to that of Zn. Hence, La is possibly a kind of new pollutant.展开更多
The effect of freshness protection package on Chinese cabbage placed in the self-made shelf in ventilated storage was investigated, and the physiological-qual-ity indexes change were determined during the storage peri...The effect of freshness protection package on Chinese cabbage placed in the self-made shelf in ventilated storage was investigated, and the physiological-qual-ity indexes change were determined during the storage period. The results showed that the losses of weight and vitamin C were significantly reduced. The accumula-tion of crude fiber was effectively inhibited. But protein content was maintained at a low level and the rotting more serious of Chinese cabbage at the end of the stor-age packaged with the fresh keeping bags.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage. [Method] The ultrasound-assisted extraction technology was used to study the extraction of proacyanidins from ...[Objective] The paper was to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage. [Method] The ultrasound-assisted extraction technology was used to study the extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage. The effect of ethanol concentration, temperature, time, material-solution ratio and the power of ultrasound on extracting efficiency were studied by single-factor experiment. Based on this, L16（4%orthogonal test were conducted to determine the optimal condi- tion for extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage. [Result] The optimal condi- tion for extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage was as follows： ethanol concentration 50%, extraction temperature 50℃, extraction time 1 h, extraction power 540 W, material-liquid ratio 1：20. The extraction rate of procyanidins under this condition reached 104.8 mg/g. [Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable utilization of procyanidins in purple cabbage.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of agricultural irri- gation with reclaimed water in Urumqi City. [Method] Chinese cabbages were used as experimental materials and irrigated with control wa...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of agricultural irri- gation with reclaimed water in Urumqi City. [Method] Chinese cabbages were used as experimental materials and irrigated with control water, 50% reclaimed water and 100% reclaimed water, and then the number of endophytic bacteria in Chinese cab- bages was measured. [Result] Using 50% reclaimed water, the fresh weight of Chi- nese cabbage was improved by 68.94%; however, with the deepening internalization of exogenous microorganism internalization, the total number of endophytic bacteria and coliform flock in Chinese cabbages treated with 50% reclaimed water was sig- nificantly higher than the other two treatment groups （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Re- claimed water enhances both the weight of Chinese cabbage and the number of endophytic bacteria, which is unsuitable for irrigation of edible crops such as Chi- nese cabbage. Strengthening disinfection during the process of sewerage treatment could solve this problem.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to observe embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores in Chinese cabbage. [Method] Chinese cabbage F 1 hybrids were used as the experimental materials, and optical microspore was emp...[Objective] The aim was to observe embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores in Chinese cabbage. [Method] Chinese cabbage F 1 hybrids were used as the experimental materials, and optical microspore was employed to observe the embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores. [Result] Cells swelled after heat shock treatment, which was the critical factor of embryoid induction. Three pathways equal division, unequal division and germination of microspores were discovered to lead to the embryogenesis from isolated microspores after swelling. Microspore could grow directly to embryoid through germination path way. Equally divided microspores formed the original embryos after successive multiple equal divisions. Original embryos could develop into cotyledon-shaped embryos via globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped embryos. The large one of the two cells from unequally divided microspores continued to divide and finally formed a polar embryoid. [Conclusion] The study will provide cytological basis for high induction frequency and embryoid of Chinese cabbage.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to study the contact toxicity and antifeedant activity of Aconitum flavum against cabbage worm. [ Method ] In- sect dipping method was adopted to determine the contact toxicity of the extrac...[ Objective] The paper was to study the contact toxicity and antifeedant activity of Aconitum flavum against cabbage worm. [ Method ] In- sect dipping method was adopted to determine the contact toxicity of the extracts of A. fiavum extracted from five polar solvents including ethanol, petroleum ether, ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water; leaf dish method was adopted to determine the antifeedant activities of five solvent ex- tracts including ethanol, petroleum ether, ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water against cabbage worm, [ Result] Extracts of A. flavum had high contact toxicity against cabbage worm. When the concentration was 100.00 mg/ml, the corrected mortality at 48 h roached 97.24%, and the insec- ticidal activities of five solvent extracts against cabbage worm in sequence were water 〉 n-butanol 〉 ethyl acetate 〉 ether 〉 petroleum ether, the cor- rected mortality of water extract at 48 h was 95.87% ; the antifeedant activities of five solvent extracts in sequence were water 〉 n-butanol 〉 ethyl ac- etate 〉 ether 〉 petroleum ether. [ Conclusion] Extracts of A. flavum had strong contact toxicity and antifeedant activity against cabbage worm, and the active ingredients with contact toxicity and antifeedant activity might be a kind of polar compound.展开更多
The research made comparisons on no-tillage cultivation and ploughing cultivations of Flowering Chinese cabbage on one-season paddy fields and explored the effects of no-tillage cultivation of Flowering Chinese cabbag...The research made comparisons on no-tillage cultivation and ploughing cultivations of Flowering Chinese cabbage on one-season paddy fields and explored the effects of no-tillage cultivation of Flowering Chinese cabbage on survival rate, insect damages, production cost, yield and benefits of plants. The results indicated that no-tillage cultivation reduced the injured rate of Flowering Chinese cabbage by cutworms, and production cost, but crop yield and output value declined as well. Specifically, yield in the treatment as per no-tillage cultivation lowered by 10.3% and 11.9% compared with the treatments by machine-based ploughing and manual ploughing, and the production interests declined by 11.9% and 11.1%, accordingly.展开更多
Shiyuchunbao is a new hybrid of early-mid maturity spring Chinese cabbage with growth period of 60-65 d, flat-topped head and yellow inner leaves, characterized with high quality and good marketability. It is highly r...Shiyuchunbao is a new hybrid of early-mid maturity spring Chinese cabbage with growth period of 60-65 d, flat-topped head and yellow inner leaves, characterized with high quality and good marketability. It is highly resistant to viral diseases, downy mildew and soft rot disease, and can be cultivated in Beijing, Hebai, Heilongjiang and Yunnan.展开更多
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-23-G15)the Innovation Team of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2024TD06)+2 种基金the Autonomous Innovation Project of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(2024ZC034)the Joint Research on Agricultural Variety Improvement of Henan Province,China(2022010504)the Key Research&Development Project of Henan Province,China(221111110100)。
文摘Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility(Ogura CMS)was first identified in wild radish(Raphanus sativus)and resulted in complete pollen abortion.However,the molecular mechanism of Ogura CMS in Chinese cabbage remains unclear.A cytological analysis confirmed nuclear degradation during the late uninucleate stage of pollen development,which diminished by the tricellular stage.Concurrently,tapetal cells exhibited abnormal enlargement and vacuolation starting from the tetrad stage.Serious developmental defects were observed in the pollen wall.During early pollen development,genes associated with cytochrome c and programmed cell death(PCD)were upregulated in the Ogura CMS line,while genes involved in pollen wall mitosis were downregulated.Conversely,at the late stage of pollen development,peroxisome and autophagy-related genes in the Ogura CMS line were upregulated.The mitochondrial orf138 gene mutation triggered the PCD process in tapetal cells,leading to their abnormal enlargement and the degradation of their contents,eventually resulting in vacuolation at the tricellular stage.These tapetal defects hindered the provision of adequate sporopollenin and nutrients to the microspores,consequently leading to abnormal pollen wall development and abnormal mitosis in the microspores.Ultimately,nuclear dispersion commenced during the late uninucleate stage,and autophagy occurred in the late stage of pollen development.Consequently,the plant could not produce functional pollen,resulting in male sterility in Chinese cabbage.Studies of Ogura CMS can promote the production and application of male sterile materials and enrich male sterile resources,which is of great significance for hybrid breeding.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32202485)the Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars from Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.2024JQ02)+1 种基金the Zhongyuan Sci-Tech Innovation Leading Talents(Grant No.244200510041)the Key SciTech R&D Project of Joint Foundation in Henan Province(Grant No.232301420024).
文摘Purines are building blocks for DNA and RNA,found as the energy currency of cells(ATP and GTP),used as signaling molecules(cGMP,cAMP and ATP),and served as precursors for synthesizing primary products such as polysaccharides,sucrose,and phospholipids as well as secondary products(Stasolla et al.,2003;Pareek et al.,2020).Thus,the synthesis of purines is a critical pathway in the cells of all living organisms.Purines can be synthesized through two pathways:de novo and salvage(Stasolla et al.,2003).Recent investigations revealed that purine synthesis is vital for the proper development of chloroplasts in plants.In Arabidopsis,CIA1 encodes the enzyme glutamine phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate amidotransferase,which catalyzes the first committed step of purine de novo biosynthesis,the loss-of-function mutant cia1 shows small,pale-green mosaic leaves(Hung et al.,2004).In rice,both VAL1 and GARS encode glycinamide ribonucleotide synthetase that mediates the second step in purine biosynthesis.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31972405).
文摘Plants possess a hydrophobic layer of wax on their aerial surface,consisting mainly of amorphous intra-cuticular wax and epicuticular wax crystals(Kunst and Samuels,2003).This waxy coating contains a wide variety of very-long-chain fatty acids(VLCFAs)and their derivatives,including alkanes,alcohols,aldehydes,esters,and ketones.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31872106)the National Vegetable Industry Technology System(Grant No.CARS-23-A-16)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Seed Industry Revitalization Project(Grant No.JBGS(2021)015)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘The nuclear factor Y(NF-Y)is a class of heterotrimeric transcription factors comprising three subunits:NF-YA,NF-YB,and NF-YC.These transcription factors participate in many plant bioprocesses,including the regulation of flowering time.Although the NF-Y gene family has been systematically studied in many species,little is known about its role in the non-heading Chinese cabbage(NHCC)[Brassica campestris(syn.Brassica rapa)ssp.chinensis].In this study,we identified 57 NF-Y members in the genome of NHCC using BLASTP,including 20 BcNF-YAs,24BcNF-YBs,and 13 BcNF-YCs.These genes are randomly distributed on the 10 chromosomes of NHCC.The results of yeast two-hybrid experiments indicated that among some members of the three subunits of BcNF-Ys,the members of the NF-YA and NF-YC subunits interact with each other,a third of the members of the NF-YB and NF-YC subunits interact with each other,while no interaction was observed between the members of the NF-YA and NF-YB subunits.Subcellular localization experiments in tobacco showed that Bc NF-YA2 and BcNF-YA8 were expressed in the nucleus;BcNF-YB18 and BcNF-YB23 were located in the cell membrane and cytoplasm;and BcNF-YC6 and BcNF-YC7 were expressed in the nucleus,cytoplasm,and cell membrane.We analyzed the cis-acting elements in the promoter of BcNF-Y genes and found that the ABA response element is the most distributed hormone response element,which is regulated by ABA signals triggered by environmental stimuli.Accordingly,we treated three-week-old NHCC leaves with 100μmol L^(-1) ABA and analyzed the expression profile of BcNF-Ys through RNA-seq.The results showed that except for six undetected BcNF-Ys,the remaining 51 BcNF-Ys showed varying degrees of response to ABA signals.Among these,BcNF-YA8 was positively regulated by ABA signals,with the highest upregulation amplitude.Subsequently,the function of BcNF-YA8 was extensively studied,which demonstrated that its expression promotes plant flowering.This result enriches our understanding of the potential molecular mechanism by which ABA positively regulates NHCC flowering.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32070333)the Key Research and Development Program of Yangling Seed Innovative Center(Ylzy-sc-04).
文摘Black spot,a fungal disease caused by Alternaria brassicae infection,inflicts severe damage on Chinese cabbage.Through comparative transcriptomic analysis,this study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying Chinese cabbage’s defense responses to A.brassicae infection.Notably,we found that the expression of BrERF109 was induced by A.brassicae infection.Silencing of BrERF109 by an optimized virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)assay in Chinese cabbage diminished disease resistance,while BrERF109-overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced it.Additionally,BrERF109 silencing in Chinese cabbage suppressed indolic glucosinolates gene expression,substantially reducing indolic glucosinolates levels,whereas BrERF109-overexpression in Arabidopsis promoted their accumulation.BrERF109 directly interacts with the BrIGMT4 promoter,thereby facilitating indolic glucosinolates accumulation and enhancing defense against A.brassicae.This study elucidates the BrERF109-BrIGMT4 regulatory module in Chinese cabbage’s defense against A.brassicae infection,while providing valuable data for further investigation of plant-A.brassicae interactions.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MC144)the Scientific Research Training Program for Undergraduates of Qufu Normal University(XJ2024016).
文摘Strontium has similar chemical properties to calcium and has recently been recognized as a non-essential beneficial element for plants.In order to compare the effects of strontium and calcium on improving salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage during the germination stage,2,4,and 8 mmol/L of SrCl_(2),CaCl_(2) or an equimolar mixture of both were added separately to a 150 mmol/L NaCl solution.The results showed that Ca-Sr addition significantly increased seed viability,seed vigor,seed germination rate and seed germination uniformity of Chinese cabbage compared with the salt-control group.The differences in germination percentage(GP)and germination energy(GE)among the Ca-addition and Sr-addition groups were not significant,and the differences in coefficient of rate of germination(CRG),index of rate of germination(IRG)and coefficient of variation of the germination time(CVT)were relatively small,but clear differences were observed in germination index(GI),vigor index(VI)and coefficient of uniformity of germination(CUG).The results of GI and VI indicated that the higher the concentration of Ca-addition or Sr-addition,the more significant the enhancement of seed vigor.Under saline stress(150 mmol/L NaCl),the Ca-Sr co-addition outperformed Sr-treatment alone,and Ca-addition achieved the highest seed vigor at equivalent concentrations.Furthermore,all Ca-Sr treatments significantly enhanced the uniformity of Chinese cabbage sprouts exposed to 150 mM NaCl,with the best uniformity improved by the addition of 2 and 4 mmol/L SrCl_(2).Ca-Sr treatments increased the salt tolerance of Chinese cabbage sprouts during the germination stage mainly because the Ca2+and Sr2+significantly enhanced plasma membrane stability and reduced oxidative stress(as indicated by decreased contents of malondialdehyde and O2⋅-contents)in sprouts.The decrease of soluble sugar and proline content caused by Ca-Sr addition implies that elevated levels of these osmolytes were not the primary contributors to improved seed germinability in Chinese cabbage.These findings demonstrate that Sr is a beneficial element for enhancing salt tolerance in plants,laying a theoretical foundation for the development and application of strontium in agriculture.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province, China (236Z2903G)the Innovative Research Group Project of Hebei Natural Science Foundation, China (C2024204246)+1 种基金the Hebei International Joint Research Center of Vegetable Functional Genomicsthe International Joint R&D Center of Hebei Province in Modern Agricultural Biotechnology for supporting this work。
文摘The plant circadian clock temporally drives gene expression throughout the day and coordinates various physiological processes with diurnal environmental changes. It is essential for conferring plant fitness and competitive advantages to survive and thrive under natural conditions through the circadian control of gene transcription. Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is an economically important vegetable crop worldwide, although there is little information concerning its circadian clock system. Here we found that gene expression patterns are affected bycircadian oscillators at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in Chinese cabbage. Time-course RNA-seq analyses were conducted on two short-period lines(SPcc-1 and SPcc-2) and two long-period lines(LPcc-1 and LPcc-2) under constant light. The results showed that 32.7–50.5% of the genes were regulated bythe circadian oscillator and the expression peaks of cycling genes appeared earlier in short-period lines than long-period lines. In addition, approximately 250 splicing events exhibited circadian regulation, with intron retention(IR) accounting for a large proportion. Rhythmically spliced genes included the clock genes LATE ELONGATEDHYPOCOTYL(BrLHY), REVEILLE 2(BrRVE2) and EARLY FLOWERING 3(BrELF3). We also found that thecircadian oscillator could notably influence the diurnal expression patterns of genes that are associated with glucose metabolism via photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle and the tricarboxylic acid(TCA) cycle at both the transcriptional andpost-transcriptional levels. The collective results of this study demonstrate that circadian-regulated physiological processes contribute to Chinese cabbage growth and development.
基金Supported by National Scientific and Technological Supporting Project(2008BADA4B04-09)Guangdong Province Scientific and Technological Project(2008A020100017)Guangdong Province Department of Finance Project[(2006)143]~~
文摘A pot experiment was conducted to study the influences of foliar application of glycine,alanine,lysine,and glutamic acid in 200 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg upon the quality and enzyme activity of flowering Chinese cabbage（Brassica parachinensis Bailey）.The results showed that all the application of these four amino acids could increase the yield of flowering Chinese cabbage,significantly raise the content of soluble sugar,and reduce the accumulation of nitrate.The applications of three other amino acids except alanine can increase the content of soluble proteins and decrease the accumulation of oxalic acid.However,the application of amino acid has insignificant influences on the SPAD number of chlorophyll,and causes the decrease of Vitamin C content.Meanwhile,the application of amino acid can improve the activity of nitrate reductase（NR） and glutamate dehydrogenase（GDH） as well.It shows that the application of amino acid is beneficial to improve ammonia metabolism,reduce the accumulation of nitrate and oxalic acid,increase the content of soluble sugar and soluble proteins,and improve the quality of flowering Chinese cabbage.
文摘Sterility changeover induced by low temperature in male sterility line CMS7311 of heading Chinese cabbage ( Brassica campestris L. ssp. penkinsis) was investigated under constant temperature, day/night alternating temperature in light-growth-incubator and outdoor natural day/night alternating temperature respectively. It showed that the sterility of CMS7311 has significant change with temperature. The constant temperature of 6 - 12 degreesC was suitable to induce the changeover of sterility (CGS) of CMS7311 ; the shortest treatment time for CGS induction at this temperature was 3 d. The significant value of sterility changeover of CMS7311 occurred at the constant temperature of 6 - 9 degreesC after treatment for 6 - 9 d. The intensity of CGS was stronger under constant temperature than under alternate temperature, but the shortest treatment time inducing CGS has no difference between them. When treated for 9 d under the day/night alternating temperature of 11/7 degreesC, its sterility could also turn to normal fertility (near to sterile grade I or zero). In normal condition, the interval from the end of temperature treatment to the beginning of CGS induction was 10 - 16 d. In the condition of natural day/night alternating temperature, the lower limit of temperature for effective CGS induction was at the daily mean temperature ( DMT) of 3. 5 - 6. 8 degreesC, and the shortest treatment time which could induce the sterility changeover was also longer than that under constant temperature, being 11d at DMT of 1.5 - 3.1 degreesC. In addition, for the apical dominance, the flower bud on the first lateral branch showed the CGS 8 - 10 d later than the flower bud on the main stem under the same temperature with the same days of treatment. The intensity of CGS of CMS7311 on the first lateral branch was also weaker than the flower bud on the main stem.
基金Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973Program)(2012CB113906)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171970)+1 种基金National Key Technology Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012BAD02B01)National Staple Vegetable Industry Technology System(CARS-25-A-11)
文摘In order to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for quality of Chinese cabbage, 28 Chinese cabbage cultivars or inbreeds were selected as ex- perimental materials to identify the raw and cooked taste and determine the nutrient component contents, and the subjective factors （taste） and objective factors （nutrient component contents） influencing the sensory quality of Chinese cabbage were ana- lyzed by multiple regression and path analysis. The results showed that two regres- sion equations were obtained： yr （raw quality）=0.310 3＋0.254 0xl （juiciness）＋0.176 2 x2 （sweetness）＋0.221 6x3 （crispness）＋0.319 9x4 （flavor）; Yc （cooked quality）=0.204 4＋ 0.250 9 xs （residue）＋0.246 9x6 （cooked sweetness）＋0.182 5x7 （softness）＋0.323 lx8 （cooked flavor）. The path analysis results showed that among the sensory indices, the total coefficients of sweetness and juiciness were 0.445 3 and 0.427 6, respec- tively. It indicated they were the main factors affecting the raw quality of Chinese cab- bage, followed by flavor and crispness. Sweetness, with total coefficient of 0.515 2, showed the greatest effect on the cooked quality of Chinese cabbage, followed by residue, cooked flavor and softness. The effects of nutrient component contents on the sensory quality of Chinese cabbage were further analyzed, and the regression equa- tions were obtained： y, =-32.192 0＋0.389 3xw （moisture content）＋1.169 8x~ （soluble sugar content）; Yc = 7.497 1＋0.732 6xs - 5.668 8x, （organic acid content）-2.176 3x~ （crude fiber content）. The standardized regression coefficients of soluble sugar con- tent were all highest with the value of 0.580 7 in the raw quality regression equa- tion and 0.325 0 in the cooked quality one, indicating that among the six nutrient components, the soluble sugar content was the main factor affecting both raw and cooked quality of Chinese cabbage. This study will provide certain basis for quality evaluation, selection and breeding of high-quality Chinese cabbage.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101551)Yunnan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2010CD057)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003029)~~
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to explore the method for directional breeding of a male-sterile line in oval-ecotype Chinese cabbage. [Method] Based on ＂Multiple Allele Hypothesis of Genic Male Sterile Chinese Cabbage＂, an inbred line ＇06048＇ of oval ecotype was used as the receptor, and male fertile plant of ＇AB12＇ was used as the donor line. Crossing, backcross, selfing, testcross and sibling were ap- plied to transfer the multiple alleles under the directional genetic model. [Result] Segregation ratio of every generation was consistent with theoretical value. A new male sterile line with 100% male sterility and ＇06048＇ horticultural traits was ob- tained successfully, which accomplished the transfer of male sterile multiple allele and horticultural characters of receptor line at the same time. [Conclusion] The re- search verifies that the model of directional transfer is feasible, provides a theoreti- cal basis for the directional transfer of Chinese cabbage with other horticultural traits whose genotype is msms. The model can also be applied to other Brassica crops, to generate genetic male sterile lines with specific botanical traits and high-quality economic traits.
基金Supported by Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(20031067)~~
文摘The Chinese cabbage seed used in this study was Xinfengkang 90. The tested seeds were treated with 1 000×g, 2 000×g and 4 000×g of hypergravity for 20, 40 and 60 min respectively. The Chinese cabbage leaves were col ected at the early seedling stage for the determination of free proline content, POD activity and SOD activity. The results showed the free proline content was lowest in the seeds treated with 40-min 2 000-g gravity, while it was highest for the 60-min 4 000-g gravity treatment. Compared to the control, al the hypergravity treatments inhibited the synthesis of free proline. The POD activity was highest in the seeds treated with 20-min 1 000-g gravity, while it was lowest in the seeds treated with 60-min 2 000-g gravity. Considering the SOD activity, the 40-min 1 000-g gravity treatment was highest, and the 60-min 4 000-g gravity treatment was lowest. lt was indicated that appropriate hypergravity treatment was conducive to increasing the SOD activity.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30900071)Start-up Foundation for Doctor Scientific Research in Shandong University of Technology(4041-406027)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage to La and Zn. [Method] The effects of La and Zn on seed germination and seedling growth were explored by tissue culture method. [Result] La and Zn had little effects on seed germination rate, but significantly inhibited the growth of root and seedling, decreased their fresh weight at higher concentration; the inhibition of La proved higher on Chinese cabbage. The contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein increased at lower concentrations of La and Zn, but decreased at higher concentrations. With increasing doses of La and Zn, the activities of CAT and POD rose gradually, while SOD activity decreased at lower doses and increased at higher doses. Both of La and Zn would promote Of. producing and MDA accumulation. [Conclusion] In higher concentration, La was more poisonous than Zn. It is clear that the poisonous mechanism of La is similar to that of Zn. Hence, La is possibly a kind of new pollutant.
基金Supported by the Major State Research Development Program of China(2016YFD04013)~~
文摘The effect of freshness protection package on Chinese cabbage placed in the self-made shelf in ventilated storage was investigated, and the physiological-qual-ity indexes change were determined during the storage period. The results showed that the losses of weight and vitamin C were significantly reduced. The accumula-tion of crude fiber was effectively inhibited. But protein content was maintained at a low level and the rotting more serious of Chinese cabbage at the end of the stor-age packaged with the fresh keeping bags.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Beijing Education Commission (KM200811417002)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage. [Method] The ultrasound-assisted extraction technology was used to study the extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage. The effect of ethanol concentration, temperature, time, material-solution ratio and the power of ultrasound on extracting efficiency were studied by single-factor experiment. Based on this, L16（4%orthogonal test were conducted to determine the optimal condi- tion for extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage. [Result] The optimal condi- tion for extraction of proacyanidins from purple cabbage was as follows： ethanol concentration 50%, extraction temperature 50℃, extraction time 1 h, extraction power 540 W, material-liquid ratio 1：20. The extraction rate of procyanidins under this condition reached 104.8 mg/g. [Conclusion] The study provided a theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable utilization of procyanidins in purple cabbage.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30960178)Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Province(Grant No.200821126)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of agricultural irri- gation with reclaimed water in Urumqi City. [Method] Chinese cabbages were used as experimental materials and irrigated with control water, 50% reclaimed water and 100% reclaimed water, and then the number of endophytic bacteria in Chinese cab- bages was measured. [Result] Using 50% reclaimed water, the fresh weight of Chi- nese cabbage was improved by 68.94%; however, with the deepening internalization of exogenous microorganism internalization, the total number of endophytic bacteria and coliform flock in Chinese cabbages treated with 50% reclaimed water was sig- nificantly higher than the other two treatment groups （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Re- claimed water enhances both the weight of Chinese cabbage and the number of endophytic bacteria, which is unsuitable for irrigation of edible crops such as Chi- nese cabbage. Strengthening disinfection during the process of sewerage treatment could solve this problem.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101551)Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(2010CD057)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to observe embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores in Chinese cabbage. [Method] Chinese cabbage F 1 hybrids were used as the experimental materials, and optical microspore was employed to observe the embryogenesis and development of isolated microspores. [Result] Cells swelled after heat shock treatment, which was the critical factor of embryoid induction. Three pathways equal division, unequal division and germination of microspores were discovered to lead to the embryogenesis from isolated microspores after swelling. Microspore could grow directly to embryoid through germination path way. Equally divided microspores formed the original embryos after successive multiple equal divisions. Original embryos could develop into cotyledon-shaped embryos via globular, heart-shaped and torpedo-shaped embryos. The large one of the two cells from unequally divided microspores continued to divide and finally formed a polar embryoid. [Conclusion] The study will provide cytological basis for high induction frequency and embryoid of Chinese cabbage.
基金Supported by Scientific and Technological Projects of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2008220)~~
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to study the contact toxicity and antifeedant activity of Aconitum flavum against cabbage worm. [ Method ] In- sect dipping method was adopted to determine the contact toxicity of the extracts of A. fiavum extracted from five polar solvents including ethanol, petroleum ether, ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water; leaf dish method was adopted to determine the antifeedant activities of five solvent ex- tracts including ethanol, petroleum ether, ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water against cabbage worm, [ Result] Extracts of A. flavum had high contact toxicity against cabbage worm. When the concentration was 100.00 mg/ml, the corrected mortality at 48 h roached 97.24%, and the insec- ticidal activities of five solvent extracts against cabbage worm in sequence were water 〉 n-butanol 〉 ethyl acetate 〉 ether 〉 petroleum ether, the cor- rected mortality of water extract at 48 h was 95.87% ; the antifeedant activities of five solvent extracts in sequence were water 〉 n-butanol 〉 ethyl ac- etate 〉 ether 〉 petroleum ether. [ Conclusion] Extracts of A. flavum had strong contact toxicity and antifeedant activity against cabbage worm, and the active ingredients with contact toxicity and antifeedant activity might be a kind of polar compound.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Ministry(2014BAD05B04)Expert Project on Cultivation of Hunan Vegetable Industry Technology System~~
文摘The research made comparisons on no-tillage cultivation and ploughing cultivations of Flowering Chinese cabbage on one-season paddy fields and explored the effects of no-tillage cultivation of Flowering Chinese cabbage on survival rate, insect damages, production cost, yield and benefits of plants. The results indicated that no-tillage cultivation reduced the injured rate of Flowering Chinese cabbage by cutworms, and production cost, but crop yield and output value declined as well. Specifically, yield in the treatment as per no-tillage cultivation lowered by 10.3% and 11.9% compared with the treatments by machine-based ploughing and manual ploughing, and the production interests declined by 11.9% and 11.1%, accordingly.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Shijiazhuang City(161490152A)~~
文摘Shiyuchunbao is a new hybrid of early-mid maturity spring Chinese cabbage with growth period of 60-65 d, flat-topped head and yellow inner leaves, characterized with high quality and good marketability. It is highly resistant to viral diseases, downy mildew and soft rot disease, and can be cultivated in Beijing, Hebai, Heilongjiang and Yunnan.
