To reduce the vibration and aerodynamic noise of wind turbines,a new design is proposed relying on a blade with a bifurcated apex or tip.The performances of this wind turbine wheel are tested at the entrance of a DC(d...To reduce the vibration and aerodynamic noise of wind turbines,a new design is proposed relying on a blade with a bifurcated apex or tip.The performances of this wind turbine wheel are tested at the entrance of a DC(direct-action)wind tunnel for different blade tip angles and varying centrifugal force and aerodynamic loads.The test results indicate that the bifurcated apex can reduce the vibration acceleration amplitude and the vibration fre-quency of the wind wheel.At the same time,the bifurcated apex can lower the maximum sound pressure level corresponding to the rotating fundamental frequency of the wind wheel.According to all thesefindings,the tip angle of the bifurcated apex is the main factor enhancing the effect of the modification.展开更多
The global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation,with wind energy,especially wind power,gaining increasing prominence due to its clean,renewable nature.However,as the installed capacity of wind powe...The global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation,with wind energy,especially wind power,gaining increasing prominence due to its clean,renewable nature.However,as the installed capacity of wind power continues to expand,the disposal of waste wind turbine blades(WWTB)has emerged as a significant challenge.These blades are predominantly composed of epoxy resin(EP)polymers,carbon fibers(CFs),and glass fibers(GFs).Improper disposal not only exacerbates environmental concerns but also leads to the loss of valuable resources,particularly carbon-based materials.Pyrolysis technology,a versatile and environmentally sustainable method for resource recovery,has garnered considerable attention in the context of WWTB disposal.This work presents a comprehensive review of the pyrolytic recycling of WWTB,focusing on the principles and classifications of pyrolysis technology,key factors influencing the pyrolysis process,as well as the pyrolysis methods,equipment,products,and their applications.Through an in-depth analysis of the current research on the pyrolytic recycling of WWTB,this review identifies critical unresolved issues in the field and provides a forward-looking perspective on emerging research trends.展开更多
Deep learning-based wind turbine blade fault diagnosis has been widely applied due to its advantages in end-to-end feature extraction.However,several challenges remain.First,signal noise collected during blade operati...Deep learning-based wind turbine blade fault diagnosis has been widely applied due to its advantages in end-to-end feature extraction.However,several challenges remain.First,signal noise collected during blade operation masks fault features,severely impairing the fault diagnosis performance of deep learning models.Second,current blade fault diagnosis often relies on single-sensor data,resulting in limited monitoring dimensions and ability to comprehensively capture complex fault states.To address these issues,a multi-sensor fusion-based wind turbine blade fault diagnosis method is proposed.Specifically,a CNN-Transformer Coupled Feature Learning Architecture is constructed to enhance the ability to learn complex features under noisy conditions,while a Weight-Aligned Data Fusion Module is designed to comprehensively and effectively utilize multi-sensor fault information.Experimental results of wind turbine blade fault diagnosis under different noise interferences show that higher accuracy is achieved by the proposed method compared to models with single-source data input,enabling comprehensive and effective fault diagnosis.展开更多
A Hybrid Free-Form Deformation(HFFD)method is developed to improve shape preservation in mesh deformation for perforated surfaces,which traditional Free-Form Deformation(FFD)techniques struggle to handle effectively.T...A Hybrid Free-Form Deformation(HFFD)method is developed to improve shape preservation in mesh deformation for perforated surfaces,which traditional Free-Form Deformation(FFD)techniques struggle to handle effectively.The proposed method enables high-fidelity parameterized deformation for both flat and curved perforated surfaces while maintaining mesh quality with minimal geometric distortion.To evaluate its effectiveness,comparative studies between HFFD and conventional FFD methods are conducted,demonstrating superior performance in mesh quality and geometric fidelity.The HFFD-based framework is further applied to the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization(MDO)of a double-wall turbine blade leading edge.Results indicate an 11.6%increase in cooling efficiency and a 16.21%reduction in maximum stress.Additionally,compared to traditional geometry-based parameterization in MDO,the HFFD approach improves model processing efficiency by 84.15%and overall optimization efficiency by20.05%.These findings demonstrate HFFD's potential to significantly improve complex engineering design optimization by achieving precise shape preservation and improving computational efficiency.展开更多
Wind turbine blade defect detection faces persistent challenges in separating small,low-contrast surface faults from complex backgrounds while maintaining reliability under variable illumination and viewpoints.Conven-...Wind turbine blade defect detection faces persistent challenges in separating small,low-contrast surface faults from complex backgrounds while maintaining reliability under variable illumination and viewpoints.Conven-tional image-processing pipelines struggle with scalability and robustness,and recent deep learning methods remain sensitive to class imbalance and acquisition variability.This paper introduces TurbineBladeDetNet,a convolutional architecture combining dual-attention mechanisms with multi-path feature extraction for detecting five distinct blade fault types.Our approach employs both channel-wise and spatial attention modules alongside an Albumentations-driven augmentation strategy to handle dataset imbalance and capture condition variability.The model achieves 97.14%accuracy,98.65%precision,and 98.68%recall,yielding a 98.66%F1-score with 0.0110 s inference time.Class-specific analysis shows uniformly high sensitivity and specificity;lightning damage reaches 99.80%for sensitivity,precision,and F1-score,and crack achieves perfect precision and specificity with a 98.94%F1-score.Comparative evaluation against recent wind-turbine inspection approaches indicates higher performance in both accuracy and F1-score.The resulting balance of sensitivity and specificity limits both missed defects and false alarms,supporting reliable deployment in routine unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)inspection.展开更多
Thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)are extensively utilized in aero-engines and heavy-duty gas turbines due to their outstanding properties,including low thermal conductivity,corrosion,high-temperature oxidation,and wear r...Thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)are extensively utilized in aero-engines and heavy-duty gas turbines due to their outstanding properties,including low thermal conductivity,corrosion,high-temperature oxidation,and wear resistance.The rising thrust-to-weight ratio and service temperature in engine hot sections have presented a significant challenge in TBC's materials,structure,and preparation process;it is one of the current research hotspots in the aviation field.This paper reviews the recent advancement in turbine blade TBCs.It focuses on the TBC's structure,deposition mechanism and the key performance evaluation indexes for TBCs applied to turbine blades.Finally,the future research field of TBCs for turbine blades is also be prospected.展开更多
Wind turbines play a vital role in renewable energy production.This review examines advancements in wind turbine blade morphing technologies aimed at enhancing power coefficients,reducing vibrations,andminimizing nois...Wind turbines play a vital role in renewable energy production.This review examines advancements in wind turbine blade morphing technologies aimed at enhancing power coefficients,reducing vibrations,andminimizing noise generation.Efficiency,vibration,and noise levels can be optimized through morphing techniques applied to the blade’s shape,leading edge,trailing edge,and surface.Leading-edge morphing is particularly effective in improving efficiency and reducing noise,as flow attachment and separation at the leading edge significantly influence lift and vortex generation.Morphing technologies often draw inspiration from bionic designs based on natural phenomena,highlighting the potential of biomimicry to improve aerodynamic performance and energy capture.Understanding fluid-structure interactions is critical to ensuring the lifespan,performance,and safety of wind turbine blades,which directly affect operational efficiency and noise levels.This review underscores the importance of comprehending the interdependencies between aerodynamics,vibration,and noise to guide future research and policy in sustainable wind energy development.By summarizing key advancements in the field,this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers,policymakers,and industry leaders involved in wind energy technologies.展开更多
The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,...The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,this paper develops a three-dimensional discretized dynamic radiation transfer model based on the blade shape of the turbine.The relationship between the radiation angle coefficient of the surrounding blades and the rotation angle of the blade under test is analyzed.The radiation angle coefficient is calculated using the triangular element method,and temperature inversion is performed based on the effective emissivity to compute the measurement error.The results show that under dynamic high temperature conditions,the temperature measurement error caused by reflection at the selected 60%leaf height point varies with the rotation angle,and the maximum reaches 25.58K.The angular coefficient exhibits periodic fluctuations with changes in rotation angle,and the maximum effective emissivity increases as the rotation angle increases.As the blade height increases,the impact of reflected radiation on radiometric temperature measurement errors shows a decreasing trend.This study provides a reference for radiation thermometry in dynamic high-temperature environments.展开更多
The optimization of turbine blades is crucial in improving the efficiency of wind energy systems and developing clean energy production models.This paper presented a novel approach to the structural design of smallsca...The optimization of turbine blades is crucial in improving the efficiency of wind energy systems and developing clean energy production models.This paper presented a novel approach to the structural design of smallscale turbine blades using the Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)Algorithm based on the stochastic method to optimize both mass and cost(objective functions).The study used computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and structural analysis to consider the fluid-structure interaction.The optimization algorithm defined several variables:structural constraints,the type of composite material,and the number of composite layers to form a mathematical model.The numerical modeling was performed using the Ansys Fluent software and its Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)module.The ANSYS Composite PrePost(ACP)advanced composite modeling method was utilized in the structural design of composite materials.This study showed that the structurally optimized small-scale turbine blades provided a sustainable solution with improved efficiency compared to traditional designs.Furthermore,using CFD,structural analysis,and material characterization techniques first considered in this study highlights the importance of considering structural behavior when optimizing turbine blade designs.展开更多
Fatigue analysis of engine turbine blade is an essential issue.Due to various uncertainties during the manufacture and operation,the fatigue damage and life of turbine blade present randomness.In this study,the random...Fatigue analysis of engine turbine blade is an essential issue.Due to various uncertainties during the manufacture and operation,the fatigue damage and life of turbine blade present randomness.In this study,the randomness of structural parameters,working condition and vibration environment are considered for fatigue life predication and reliability assessment.First,the lowcycle fatigue problem is modelled as stochastic static system with random parameters,while the high-cycle fatigue problem is considered as stochastic dynamic system under random excitations.Then,to deal with the two failure modes,the novel Direct Probability Integral Method(DPIM)is proposed,which is efficient and accurate for solving stochastic static and dynamic systems.The probability density functions of accumulated damage and fatigue life of turbine blade for low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue problems are achieved,respectively.Furthermore,the time–frequency hybrid method is advanced to enhance the computational efficiency for governing equation of system.Finally,the results of typical examples demonstrate high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method by comparison with Monte Carlo simulation and other methods.It is indicated that the DPIM is a unified method for predication of random fatigue life for low-cycle and highcycle fatigue problems.The rotational speed,density,fatigue strength coefficient,and fatigue plasticity index have a high sensitivity to fatigue reliability of engine turbine blade.展开更多
Robots are used to conduct non-destructive defect detection on wind turbine blades(WTBs)and to monitor their integrity over time.However,current inspection robots are often bulky and heavy,and struggle to detect defec...Robots are used to conduct non-destructive defect detection on wind turbine blades(WTBs)and to monitor their integrity over time.However,current inspection robots are often bulky and heavy,and struggle to detect defects in the blade's main beam,thus presenting difficulties in portability and effectiveness.To address these issues,we designed a wheel-wing composite robot equipped with a curved surface-adaptive phased array ultrasonic detection device for the detection of defects in the WTB's main beam.We determined the pose equation under different section characteristics and identified the robot's stable range of motion,thus developing a model of its kinematics.A detection device adapted for variable curvature surfaces was designed to ensure tight coupling between the robot's probe and the blade.Additionally,element differential and least-square ellipse-fitting methods were employed to analyze blades with irregular sections.The simulation results demonstrated that the prototype can stably traverse an area with a vertical angle of±14.06°at a speed of 0.25 m/s,fully covering the main beam area of the blade during walking operations.Moreover,the robot can scan the main beam area at a speed of 0.10 m/s,enabling the accurate detection of defects.展开更多
Wind turbine blades in cold regions are susceptible to icing due to meteorological conditions,significantly affecting the turbine's energy capture efficiency and operational safety.Precise calculation of droplet c...Wind turbine blades in cold regions are susceptible to icing due to meteorological conditions,significantly affecting the turbine's energy capture efficiency and operational safety.Precise calculation of droplet collection efficiency(DCE)is essential for accurate icing prediction.This study examines existing methods for calculating DCE and identifies limitations during glaze ice formation.An enhanced method based on the Euler Wall Film(EWF)model is introduced to address these limitations,incorporating splashing and rebound phenomena during glaze ice formation on wind turbine blades.The method's reliability is validated using data from the classic symmetric airfoil,NACA0012.Through the control variable method,this research examines DCE variations under different incoming velocities,medium volume droplet diameters(MVDs),and temperatures.The study also analyzes the distinctions between the improved method and the existing Eulerian method.Results indicate that both impact range and maximum DCE increase with higher incoming velocity and MVD,while temperature exhibits minimal influence on DCE.Variations between the calculation methods reveal differences in water droplet splashing intensity,primarily influenced by droplet kinetic energy and liquid film thickness.The splashing phenomenon gradually decreases as incoming velocity and MVD increase.展开更多
In order to conform to dimensional tolerances, an efficient numerical method, displacement iterative compensation method, based on finite element methodology （FEM） was presented for the wax pattern die profile desig...In order to conform to dimensional tolerances, an efficient numerical method, displacement iterative compensation method, based on finite element methodology （FEM） was presented for the wax pattern die profile design of turbine blades. Casting shrinkages at different positions of the blade which was considered nonlinear thermo-mechanical casting deformations were calculated. Based on the displacement iterative compensation method proposed, the optimized wax pattern die profile can be established. For a A356 alloy blade, substantial reduction in dimensional and shape tolerances was achieved with the developed die shape optimization system. Numerical simulation result obtained by the proposed method shows a good agreement with the result measured experimentally. After four times iterations, compared with the CAD model of turbine blade, the total form error decreases to 0.001 978 mm from the orevious 0.515 815 mm.展开更多
A damage assessment methodology based on the Hashin failure theory for glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite blade is proposed. The typical failure mechanisms including the fiber tension/compression and matrix...A damage assessment methodology based on the Hashin failure theory for glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite blade is proposed. The typical failure mechanisms including the fiber tension/compression and matrix tension/compression are considered to describe the damage behaviors. To give the flapwise and edgewise loading along the blade span, the Blade Element Momentum Theory(BEMT) is adopted. In conjunction with the hydrodynamic analysis, the structural analysis of the composite blade is cooperatively performed with the Hashin damage model. The damage characteristics of the composite blade, under normal and extreme operational conditions,are comparatively analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that the matrix tension damage is the most significant failure mode which occurs in the mid-span of the blade. The blade internal configurations including the box-beam, Ibeam, left-C beam and right-C beam are compared and analyzed. The GFRP and carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) are considered and combined. Numerical results show that the I-beam is the best structural type. The structural performance of composite tidal turbine blades could be improved by combining the GFRP and CFRP structure considering the damage and cost-effectiveness synthetically.展开更多
With the development of power plants towards high power and intelligent operation direction,the vibrations or failures of blades,especially the last stage blades in steam turbines,happen more frequently due to the uns...With the development of power plants towards high power and intelligent operation direction,the vibrations or failures of blades,especially the last stage blades in steam turbines,happen more frequently due to the unstable operating conditions brought by flexible operation.A vibration measuring method for the shrouded blades of a steam turbine based on eddy current sensors with high frequency response is proposed,meeting the requirements of non-contact heath monitoring.The eddy current sensors produce the signals which are related to the area changing of every blade’s shroud resulting from the rotation of stator.Then an improved blade tip timing(BTT)technique is proposed to detect the vibrations of shrouded blades by measuring the arrival time of each area changing signal.A structure of eddy current sensors is developed in steam turbines and an amplitude modulation/demodulation circuit is designed to improve the response bandwidth up to 250 kHz.Vibration tests for the last stage blades of a steam turbine were carried out and the results validate the efficiency of the improved BTT technique and the high frequency response of the eddy current sensors presented.展开更多
In this study, a vertical axis tidal turbine with flexible blades is investigated. The focus is on analyzing the effect of flexible airfoils types and blade flexibility on turbine net output power. To this end, five d...In this study, a vertical axis tidal turbine with flexible blades is investigated. The focus is on analyzing the effect of flexible airfoils types and blade flexibility on turbine net output power. To this end, five different flexible airfoils （Symmetric and Non-symmetric） are employed. The results show that the use of a thick flexible symmetric airfoil can effectively increase output power compared to that achievable with a conventional rigid blade. Moreover, the use of highly flexible blades, as opposed to less flexible or rigid blades, is not recommended.展开更多
In order to predict the lifetime of products appropriately with long lifetime and high reliability,the accelerated degradation testing(ADT)has been proposed.Composite wind turbine blade is one of the most important co...In order to predict the lifetime of products appropriately with long lifetime and high reliability,the accelerated degradation testing(ADT)has been proposed.Composite wind turbine blade is one of the most important components in wind turbine system.Its fatigue cycle is very long in practice.A full-scale fatigue testing is usually used to verify the design of a new blade.In general,the full-scale fatigue testing of blade is accelerated on the basis of the damage equivalent principle.During the full-scale fatigue test ing,blade is subjected to higher testing load than normal operat ing conditions;consequently,the performance degradation of the blade is hastened over time.The full-scale fatigue testing of blade is regarded as a special ADT.According to the fatigue failure criterion,we choose blade stiffness as the characteristic quantity of the blade performance,and propose an accelerated model(AM)for blade on the basis of the theories of ADT.Then,degradation path of the blade stiffness is modeled by using Gamma process.Finally,the lifet ime prediction of full-scale megawatt(MW)blade is conducted by combining the proposed AM and blade stiffness degradation model.The prediction results prove the reasonability and validity of this study.This can supply a new approach to predict the lifetime of the full-scale MW blade.展开更多
In the background of“double carbon,”vigorously developing new energy is particularly important.Wind power is an important clean energy source.In the field of new energy,wind power scale is also expanding.With the wi...In the background of“double carbon,”vigorously developing new energy is particularly important.Wind power is an important clean energy source.In the field of new energy,wind power scale is also expanding.With the wind turbine,the probability of large-scale blade damage is also increasing.Because the large wind turbine blade crack detection cost is high and because of the poor working environment,this paper proposes a wind turbine blade surface defect detection method based on UAV acquisition images and digital image pro-cessing.The application of weighted averages to achieve grayscale processing,followed by median filtering to achieve image noise reduction,and an improved histogram equalization algorithm is proposed and used for the characteristics of the UAV acquisition images,which enhances the image by limiting the contrast adaptive his-togram equalization algorithm to make the details at the target area and defects more clear and complete,and improves the detection efficiency.The detection of the blade surface is achieved by separating and extracting the feature information from the defects through image foreground segmentation,threshold processing,and framing by the connected domain.The validity and accuracy of the proposed method in leaf detection were verified by experiments.展开更多
Aiming at the global efficiency of solar chimney power plant(SCPP), we design a wind turbine generation device to elevate its electricity generating efficiency. Based on wind power utilization theory, a new method is ...Aiming at the global efficiency of solar chimney power plant(SCPP), we design a wind turbine generation device to elevate its electricity generating efficiency. Based on wind power utilization theory, a new method is proposed to design a type of wind turbine blade for SCPP. The lift and resistance coefficients on different Reynolds numbers of NACA4418 airfoil, which is suitable for experimental solar electricity generation system, are determined by Profili-V2.0 airfoil design software, a program written in Matlab to calculate chord length of the airfoil. The optimization is conducted by class-shape-transformation(CST) parameterization method and Xfoil software. An airfoil design program is designed on the basis of blade element theory and attack angle with the highest lift coefficient to iteratively determine the inflow angle and setting angle. Prandtl's tip-loss factor is applied to correct the setting angle, after the airfoil data are input into AutoCAD to build an airfoil model which is then imported into Solidworks to draw blades. A new way is put forward to design wind turbine blades in SCPP.展开更多
Turbine blades of gas turbine engines usually suffer from severe operational conditions characterized by high temperature and stress. Severe operational conditions during service cause microstructural changes in turbi...Turbine blades of gas turbine engines usually suffer from severe operational conditions characterized by high temperature and stress. Severe operational conditions during service cause microstructural changes in turbine blades and degrade their mechanical properties. In this study, service-induced microstructural damages in serviced turbine blades manufactured from a directionally solidified superalloy were evaluated. The observed microstructural damage of the turbine blade mainly involves the coarsening and rafting of γ' precipitates. The leading edge of 60% height of the turbine blades undergone most severe microstructural damage with significant microstructural evolution at this area. Microstructural damage affects the mechanical properties such as Vickers hardness, that is,Vickers hardness decreases as the equivalent diameter decreases. Microstructural damage shows great positiondependent feature as service temperature and radial stress on blade changes. With the aid of energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS) analysis on carbide, the transformation of carbide does not exist. In addition, no topological closed-packed phase exists in the turbine blade.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Project under Grant Numbers[51966018,51466015].
文摘To reduce the vibration and aerodynamic noise of wind turbines,a new design is proposed relying on a blade with a bifurcated apex or tip.The performances of this wind turbine wheel are tested at the entrance of a DC(direct-action)wind tunnel for different blade tip angles and varying centrifugal force and aerodynamic loads.The test results indicate that the bifurcated apex can reduce the vibration acceleration amplitude and the vibration fre-quency of the wind wheel.At the same time,the bifurcated apex can lower the maximum sound pressure level corresponding to the rotating fundamental frequency of the wind wheel.According to all thesefindings,the tip angle of the bifurcated apex is the main factor enhancing the effect of the modification.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22468035,22468036,22368038,22308048)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(2024QN02018,2025MS02030)+2 种基金First-class Discipline Research Special Project of Inner Mongolia(YLXKZX-NGD-045)Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Postgraduate Research Innovation Project(KC2024047B)Research Foundation for Introducing High-level Talents in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region。
文摘The global energy landscape is undergoing a profound transformation,with wind energy,especially wind power,gaining increasing prominence due to its clean,renewable nature.However,as the installed capacity of wind power continues to expand,the disposal of waste wind turbine blades(WWTB)has emerged as a significant challenge.These blades are predominantly composed of epoxy resin(EP)polymers,carbon fibers(CFs),and glass fibers(GFs).Improper disposal not only exacerbates environmental concerns but also leads to the loss of valuable resources,particularly carbon-based materials.Pyrolysis technology,a versatile and environmentally sustainable method for resource recovery,has garnered considerable attention in the context of WWTB disposal.This work presents a comprehensive review of the pyrolytic recycling of WWTB,focusing on the principles and classifications of pyrolysis technology,key factors influencing the pyrolysis process,as well as the pyrolysis methods,equipment,products,and their applications.Through an in-depth analysis of the current research on the pyrolytic recycling of WWTB,this review identifies critical unresolved issues in the field and provides a forward-looking perspective on emerging research trends.
基金supported by the China Three Gorges Corporation(No.NBZZ202300860)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52275104)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(No.2023RC3097).
文摘Deep learning-based wind turbine blade fault diagnosis has been widely applied due to its advantages in end-to-end feature extraction.However,several challenges remain.First,signal noise collected during blade operation masks fault features,severely impairing the fault diagnosis performance of deep learning models.Second,current blade fault diagnosis often relies on single-sensor data,resulting in limited monitoring dimensions and ability to comprehensively capture complex fault states.To address these issues,a multi-sensor fusion-based wind turbine blade fault diagnosis method is proposed.Specifically,a CNN-Transformer Coupled Feature Learning Architecture is constructed to enhance the ability to learn complex features under noisy conditions,while a Weight-Aligned Data Fusion Module is designed to comprehensively and effectively utilize multi-sensor fault information.Experimental results of wind turbine blade fault diagnosis under different noise interferences show that higher accuracy is achieved by the proposed method compared to models with single-source data input,enabling comprehensive and effective fault diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2017-II-0006-0019)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52375266)the Shaanxi Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(No.2022JC-36)。
文摘A Hybrid Free-Form Deformation(HFFD)method is developed to improve shape preservation in mesh deformation for perforated surfaces,which traditional Free-Form Deformation(FFD)techniques struggle to handle effectively.The proposed method enables high-fidelity parameterized deformation for both flat and curved perforated surfaces while maintaining mesh quality with minimal geometric distortion.To evaluate its effectiveness,comparative studies between HFFD and conventional FFD methods are conducted,demonstrating superior performance in mesh quality and geometric fidelity.The HFFD-based framework is further applied to the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization(MDO)of a double-wall turbine blade leading edge.Results indicate an 11.6%increase in cooling efficiency and a 16.21%reduction in maximum stress.Additionally,compared to traditional geometry-based parameterization in MDO,the HFFD approach improves model processing efficiency by 84.15%and overall optimization efficiency by20.05%.These findings demonstrate HFFD's potential to significantly improve complex engineering design optimization by achieving precise shape preservation and improving computational efficiency.
文摘Wind turbine blade defect detection faces persistent challenges in separating small,low-contrast surface faults from complex backgrounds while maintaining reliability under variable illumination and viewpoints.Conven-tional image-processing pipelines struggle with scalability and robustness,and recent deep learning methods remain sensitive to class imbalance and acquisition variability.This paper introduces TurbineBladeDetNet,a convolutional architecture combining dual-attention mechanisms with multi-path feature extraction for detecting five distinct blade fault types.Our approach employs both channel-wise and spatial attention modules alongside an Albumentations-driven augmentation strategy to handle dataset imbalance and capture condition variability.The model achieves 97.14%accuracy,98.65%precision,and 98.68%recall,yielding a 98.66%F1-score with 0.0110 s inference time.Class-specific analysis shows uniformly high sensitivity and specificity;lightning damage reaches 99.80%for sensitivity,precision,and F1-score,and crack achieves perfect precision and specificity with a 98.94%F1-score.Comparative evaluation against recent wind-turbine inspection approaches indicates higher performance in both accuracy and F1-score.The resulting balance of sensitivity and specificity limits both missed defects and false alarms,supporting reliable deployment in routine unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)inspection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52271087).
文摘Thermal barrier coatings(TBCs)are extensively utilized in aero-engines and heavy-duty gas turbines due to their outstanding properties,including low thermal conductivity,corrosion,high-temperature oxidation,and wear resistance.The rising thrust-to-weight ratio and service temperature in engine hot sections have presented a significant challenge in TBC's materials,structure,and preparation process;it is one of the current research hotspots in the aviation field.This paper reviews the recent advancement in turbine blade TBCs.It focuses on the TBC's structure,deposition mechanism and the key performance evaluation indexes for TBCs applied to turbine blades.Finally,the future research field of TBCs for turbine blades is also be prospected.
文摘Wind turbines play a vital role in renewable energy production.This review examines advancements in wind turbine blade morphing technologies aimed at enhancing power coefficients,reducing vibrations,andminimizing noise generation.Efficiency,vibration,and noise levels can be optimized through morphing techniques applied to the blade’s shape,leading edge,trailing edge,and surface.Leading-edge morphing is particularly effective in improving efficiency and reducing noise,as flow attachment and separation at the leading edge significantly influence lift and vortex generation.Morphing technologies often draw inspiration from bionic designs based on natural phenomena,highlighting the potential of biomimicry to improve aerodynamic performance and energy capture.Understanding fluid-structure interactions is critical to ensuring the lifespan,performance,and safety of wind turbine blades,which directly affect operational efficiency and noise levels.This review underscores the importance of comprehending the interdependencies between aerodynamics,vibration,and noise to guide future research and policy in sustainable wind energy development.By summarizing key advancements in the field,this paper serves as a valuable resource for researchers,policymakers,and industry leaders involved in wind energy technologies.
文摘The turbine blades operate under high temperature and high pressure conditions,and when using radiation thermometry,the influence of radiation from surrounding blades leads to measurement errors.To address this issue,this paper develops a three-dimensional discretized dynamic radiation transfer model based on the blade shape of the turbine.The relationship between the radiation angle coefficient of the surrounding blades and the rotation angle of the blade under test is analyzed.The radiation angle coefficient is calculated using the triangular element method,and temperature inversion is performed based on the effective emissivity to compute the measurement error.The results show that under dynamic high temperature conditions,the temperature measurement error caused by reflection at the selected 60%leaf height point varies with the rotation angle,and the maximum reaches 25.58K.The angular coefficient exhibits periodic fluctuations with changes in rotation angle,and the maximum effective emissivity increases as the rotation angle increases.As the blade height increases,the impact of reflected radiation on radiometric temperature measurement errors shows a decreasing trend.This study provides a reference for radiation thermometry in dynamic high-temperature environments.
基金Scientific Research Projects Unit of Erciyes University under the contract numbers:FDK-2019-8616 and FDK-2025-14774(https://bap.erciyes.edu.tr/,accessed on 12 October 2025)The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TUB˙ITAK)for the Doctoral Scholarship for Priority Areas 2211/C for Ramazan OZKAN(https://tubitak.gov.tr,accessed on 12 October 2025).
文摘The optimization of turbine blades is crucial in improving the efficiency of wind energy systems and developing clean energy production models.This paper presented a novel approach to the structural design of smallscale turbine blades using the Artificial Bee Colony(ABC)Algorithm based on the stochastic method to optimize both mass and cost(objective functions).The study used computational fluid dynamics(CFD)and structural analysis to consider the fluid-structure interaction.The optimization algorithm defined several variables:structural constraints,the type of composite material,and the number of composite layers to form a mathematical model.The numerical modeling was performed using the Ansys Fluent software and its Fluid-Structure Interaction(FSI)module.The ANSYS Composite PrePost(ACP)advanced composite modeling method was utilized in the structural design of composite materials.This study showed that the structurally optimized small-scale turbine blades provided a sustainable solution with improved efficiency compared to traditional designs.Furthermore,using CFD,structural analysis,and material characterization techniques first considered in this study highlights the importance of considering structural behavior when optimizing turbine blade designs.
基金supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12032008,12102080)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.DUT23RC(3)038)are much appreciated。
文摘Fatigue analysis of engine turbine blade is an essential issue.Due to various uncertainties during the manufacture and operation,the fatigue damage and life of turbine blade present randomness.In this study,the randomness of structural parameters,working condition and vibration environment are considered for fatigue life predication and reliability assessment.First,the lowcycle fatigue problem is modelled as stochastic static system with random parameters,while the high-cycle fatigue problem is considered as stochastic dynamic system under random excitations.Then,to deal with the two failure modes,the novel Direct Probability Integral Method(DPIM)is proposed,which is efficient and accurate for solving stochastic static and dynamic systems.The probability density functions of accumulated damage and fatigue life of turbine blade for low-cycle and high-cycle fatigue problems are achieved,respectively.Furthermore,the time–frequency hybrid method is advanced to enhance the computational efficiency for governing equation of system.Finally,the results of typical examples demonstrate high accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method by comparison with Monte Carlo simulation and other methods.It is indicated that the DPIM is a unified method for predication of random fatigue life for low-cycle and highcycle fatigue problems.The rotational speed,density,fatigue strength coefficient,and fatigue plasticity index have a high sensitivity to fatigue reliability of engine turbine blade.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Lab Open Research Project(No.121001-AB2212)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.2023C03186),China。
文摘Robots are used to conduct non-destructive defect detection on wind turbine blades(WTBs)and to monitor their integrity over time.However,current inspection robots are often bulky and heavy,and struggle to detect defects in the blade's main beam,thus presenting difficulties in portability and effectiveness.To address these issues,we designed a wheel-wing composite robot equipped with a curved surface-adaptive phased array ultrasonic detection device for the detection of defects in the WTB's main beam.We determined the pose equation under different section characteristics and identified the robot's stable range of motion,thus developing a model of its kinematics.A detection device adapted for variable curvature surfaces was designed to ensure tight coupling between the robot's probe and the blade.Additionally,element differential and least-square ellipse-fitting methods were employed to analyze blades with irregular sections.The simulation results demonstrated that the prototype can stably traverse an area with a vertical angle of±14.06°at a speed of 0.25 m/s,fully covering the main beam area of the blade during walking operations.Moreover,the robot can scan the main beam area at a speed of 0.10 m/s,enabling the accurate detection of defects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51879125)。
文摘Wind turbine blades in cold regions are susceptible to icing due to meteorological conditions,significantly affecting the turbine's energy capture efficiency and operational safety.Precise calculation of droplet collection efficiency(DCE)is essential for accurate icing prediction.This study examines existing methods for calculating DCE and identifies limitations during glaze ice formation.An enhanced method based on the Euler Wall Film(EWF)model is introduced to address these limitations,incorporating splashing and rebound phenomena during glaze ice formation on wind turbine blades.The method's reliability is validated using data from the classic symmetric airfoil,NACA0012.Through the control variable method,this research examines DCE variations under different incoming velocities,medium volume droplet diameters(MVDs),and temperatures.The study also analyzes the distinctions between the improved method and the existing Eulerian method.Results indicate that both impact range and maximum DCE increase with higher incoming velocity and MVD,while temperature exhibits minimal influence on DCE.Variations between the calculation methods reveal differences in water droplet splashing intensity,primarily influenced by droplet kinetic energy and liquid film thickness.The splashing phenomenon gradually decreases as incoming velocity and MVD increase.
基金Project (2008ZE53042) supported by National Aerospace Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to conform to dimensional tolerances, an efficient numerical method, displacement iterative compensation method, based on finite element methodology （FEM） was presented for the wax pattern die profile design of turbine blades. Casting shrinkages at different positions of the blade which was considered nonlinear thermo-mechanical casting deformations were calculated. Based on the displacement iterative compensation method proposed, the optimized wax pattern die profile can be established. For a A356 alloy blade, substantial reduction in dimensional and shape tolerances was achieved with the developed die shape optimization system. Numerical simulation result obtained by the proposed method shows a good agreement with the result measured experimentally. After four times iterations, compared with the CAD model of turbine blade, the total form error decreases to 0.001 978 mm from the orevious 0.515 815 mm.
基金financially supported by the Marine Renewable Energy Research Project of State Oceanic Administration of China(Grant No.GHME2013GC03)
文摘A damage assessment methodology based on the Hashin failure theory for glass fiber reinforced polymer(GFRP)composite blade is proposed. The typical failure mechanisms including the fiber tension/compression and matrix tension/compression are considered to describe the damage behaviors. To give the flapwise and edgewise loading along the blade span, the Blade Element Momentum Theory(BEMT) is adopted. In conjunction with the hydrodynamic analysis, the structural analysis of the composite blade is cooperatively performed with the Hashin damage model. The damage characteristics of the composite blade, under normal and extreme operational conditions,are comparatively analyzed. Numerical results demonstrate that the matrix tension damage is the most significant failure mode which occurs in the mid-span of the blade. The blade internal configurations including the box-beam, Ibeam, left-C beam and right-C beam are compared and analyzed. The GFRP and carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) are considered and combined. Numerical results show that the I-beam is the best structural type. The structural performance of composite tidal turbine blades could be improved by combining the GFRP and CFRP structure considering the damage and cost-effectiveness synthetically.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775377)National Key Research and Development Plan(No.2017YFF0204800)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of TianJin City(No.17JCQNJC01100)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by Cast of China(No.2016QNRC001)Open Project of Key Laboratory of Underwater Information and Control(No.6142218081811)
文摘With the development of power plants towards high power and intelligent operation direction,the vibrations or failures of blades,especially the last stage blades in steam turbines,happen more frequently due to the unstable operating conditions brought by flexible operation.A vibration measuring method for the shrouded blades of a steam turbine based on eddy current sensors with high frequency response is proposed,meeting the requirements of non-contact heath monitoring.The eddy current sensors produce the signals which are related to the area changing of every blade’s shroud resulting from the rotation of stator.Then an improved blade tip timing(BTT)technique is proposed to detect the vibrations of shrouded blades by measuring the arrival time of each area changing signal.A structure of eddy current sensors is developed in steam turbines and an amplitude modulation/demodulation circuit is designed to improve the response bandwidth up to 250 kHz.Vibration tests for the last stage blades of a steam turbine were carried out and the results validate the efficiency of the improved BTT technique and the high frequency response of the eddy current sensors presented.
文摘In this study, a vertical axis tidal turbine with flexible blades is investigated. The focus is on analyzing the effect of flexible airfoils types and blade flexibility on turbine net output power. To this end, five different flexible airfoils （Symmetric and Non-symmetric） are employed. The results show that the use of a thick flexible symmetric airfoil can effectively increase output power compared to that achievable with a conventional rigid blade. Moreover, the use of highly flexible blades, as opposed to less flexible or rigid blades, is not recommended.
基金the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(No.51665029)。
文摘In order to predict the lifetime of products appropriately with long lifetime and high reliability,the accelerated degradation testing(ADT)has been proposed.Composite wind turbine blade is one of the most important components in wind turbine system.Its fatigue cycle is very long in practice.A full-scale fatigue testing is usually used to verify the design of a new blade.In general,the full-scale fatigue testing of blade is accelerated on the basis of the damage equivalent principle.During the full-scale fatigue test ing,blade is subjected to higher testing load than normal operat ing conditions;consequently,the performance degradation of the blade is hastened over time.The full-scale fatigue testing of blade is regarded as a special ADT.According to the fatigue failure criterion,we choose blade stiffness as the characteristic quantity of the blade performance,and propose an accelerated model(AM)for blade on the basis of the theories of ADT.Then,degradation path of the blade stiffness is modeled by using Gamma process.Finally,the lifet ime prediction of full-scale megawatt(MW)blade is conducted by combining the proposed AM and blade stiffness degradation model.The prediction results prove the reasonability and validity of this study.This can supply a new approach to predict the lifetime of the full-scale MW blade.
文摘In the background of“double carbon,”vigorously developing new energy is particularly important.Wind power is an important clean energy source.In the field of new energy,wind power scale is also expanding.With the wind turbine,the probability of large-scale blade damage is also increasing.Because the large wind turbine blade crack detection cost is high and because of the poor working environment,this paper proposes a wind turbine blade surface defect detection method based on UAV acquisition images and digital image pro-cessing.The application of weighted averages to achieve grayscale processing,followed by median filtering to achieve image noise reduction,and an improved histogram equalization algorithm is proposed and used for the characteristics of the UAV acquisition images,which enhances the image by limiting the contrast adaptive his-togram equalization algorithm to make the details at the target area and defects more clear and complete,and improves the detection efficiency.The detection of the blade surface is achieved by separating and extracting the feature information from the defects through image foreground segmentation,threshold processing,and framing by the connected domain.The validity and accuracy of the proposed method in leaf detection were verified by experiments.
文摘Aiming at the global efficiency of solar chimney power plant(SCPP), we design a wind turbine generation device to elevate its electricity generating efficiency. Based on wind power utilization theory, a new method is proposed to design a type of wind turbine blade for SCPP. The lift and resistance coefficients on different Reynolds numbers of NACA4418 airfoil, which is suitable for experimental solar electricity generation system, are determined by Profili-V2.0 airfoil design software, a program written in Matlab to calculate chord length of the airfoil. The optimization is conducted by class-shape-transformation(CST) parameterization method and Xfoil software. An airfoil design program is designed on the basis of blade element theory and attack angle with the highest lift coefficient to iteratively determine the inflow angle and setting angle. Prandtl's tip-loss factor is applied to correct the setting angle, after the airfoil data are input into AutoCAD to build an airfoil model which is then imported into Solidworks to draw blades. A new way is put forward to design wind turbine blades in SCPP.
基金financially supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB057401)
文摘Turbine blades of gas turbine engines usually suffer from severe operational conditions characterized by high temperature and stress. Severe operational conditions during service cause microstructural changes in turbine blades and degrade their mechanical properties. In this study, service-induced microstructural damages in serviced turbine blades manufactured from a directionally solidified superalloy were evaluated. The observed microstructural damage of the turbine blade mainly involves the coarsening and rafting of γ' precipitates. The leading edge of 60% height of the turbine blades undergone most severe microstructural damage with significant microstructural evolution at this area. Microstructural damage affects the mechanical properties such as Vickers hardness, that is,Vickers hardness decreases as the equivalent diameter decreases. Microstructural damage shows great positiondependent feature as service temperature and radial stress on blade changes. With the aid of energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS) analysis on carbide, the transformation of carbide does not exist. In addition, no topological closed-packed phase exists in the turbine blade.
