A large number of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)persist in wastewater,and the consumption of PPCPs for COVID-19 control and prevention has sharply increased during the pandemic.This study investigat...A large number of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)persist in wastewater,and the consumption of PPCPs for COVID-19 control and prevention has sharply increased during the pandemic.This study investigated the occurrence,removal efficiency,and risk assessment of six typical PPCPs commonly used in China in two wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).Ribavirin(RBV)is an effective pharmaceutical for severely ill patients with COVID-19,and the possible biodegradation pathway of RBV by activated sludge was discovered.The experimental results showed that PPCPs were detected in two WWTPs with a detection rate of 100%and concentrations ranging between 612 and 2323 ng L^(-1).The detection frequency and concentrations of RBV were substantially higher,with a maximum concentration of 314 ng L^(-1).Relatively high pollution loads were found for the following PPCPs from influent:ibuprofen>ranitidine hydrochloride>RBV>ampicillin sodium>clozapine>sulfamethoxazole.The removal efficiency of PPCPs was closely related to adsorption and biodegradation in activated sludge,and the moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)had a higher removal capacity than the anoxic-anaerobic-anoxicoxic(AAAO)process.The removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole,ampicillin sodium,ibuprofen,and clozapine ranged from 92.21%to 97.86%in MBBR process and were relatively low,from 61.82%to 97.62%in AAAO process,and the removal of RBV and ranitidine hydrochloride were lower than 42.96%in both MBBR and AAAO processes.The discrepancy in removal efficiency is caused by temperature,hydrophilicity,and hydrophobicity of the compound,and acidity and alkalinity.The transformation products of RBV in activated sludge were detected and identified,and the biodegradation process of RBV could be speculated as follows:first breaks into TCONH_(2) and an oxygen-containing five-membered heterocyclic ring under the nucleosidase reaction,and then TCONH_(2) is finally formed into TCOOH through amide hydrolysis.Aquatic ecological risks based on risk quotient(RQ)assessment showed that PPCPs had high and medium risks in the influent,and the RQ values were all reduced after MBBR and AAAO treatment.Ranitidine hydrochloride and clozapine still showed high and medium risks in the effluent,respectively,and thus presented potential risks to the aquatic ecosystem.展开更多
This research investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin(CIP)(0.5,5,and 20 mg/L)on SBR systems under different carbon source conditions.Microbial community abundance and structure were determined by quantitative PCR an...This research investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin(CIP)(0.5,5,and 20 mg/L)on SBR systems under different carbon source conditions.Microbial community abundance and structure were determined by quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing,respectively.The biodegradation production of CIP and possible degradation mechanism were also studied.Results showed that CIP had adverse effects on the nutrient removal from wastewater.Compared with sodium acetate,glucose could be more effectively used by microorganisms,thus eliminating the negative effects of CIP.Glucose stimulated the microbial abundance and increased the removal rate of CIP by 18%–24%.The mechanism research indicated that Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria had a high tolerance for CIP.With sodium acetate as a carbon source,the abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacterial communities decreased under CIP,resulting in the accumulation of nitrite and nitrate.Rhodanobacter and Microbacterium played a major role in nitrification and denitrification when using sodium acetate and glucose as carbon sources.Dyella and Microbacterium played positive roles in the degradation process of CIP and eliminated the negative effect of CIP on SBR,which was consistent with the improved removal efficiency of pollutants.展开更多
In this study, benzothiazole was entirely mineralized by an up-flow internal circulation microbial electrolysis reactor. The bioelectrochemical system was operated at ambient temperature under continuous-flow mode. Th...In this study, benzothiazole was entirely mineralized by an up-flow internal circulation microbial electrolysis reactor. The bioelectrochemical system was operated at ambient temperature under continuous-flow mode. The analysis of metabolite which was extracted by HPLC-MS from the bioreactor indicated that benzothiazole derivative ( BTH ) was firstly converted into 2-hydroxybenzothiazole in the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and then mineralized within three steps, i.e., the fracture of thiazole-ring through a series of oxidation and hydrolysis, the deamination and hydroxylation of 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, and the mineralization of various carboxylic acids to CO2 and H2O. Bacterial community analysis indicated that the applied electric field could selectively enrich certain species and the dominate bacteria on the electrodes belonged to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Results show that MEC can improve the degradation efficiency of BTH in wastewater, enable the microbiological reactor to satisfy the requirements of high loading rate, thereby fulfilling the scale-up of whole process in the future.展开更多
Indole, a typical nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, is extensively spread in industrial wastewater. Microbial degradation has been proven to be a feasible approach to remove indole, whereas the microbial resou...Indole, a typical nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, is extensively spread in industrial wastewater. Microbial degradation has been proven to be a feasible approach to remove indole, whereas the microbial resources are fairly limited. A bacterial strain designated as SHE was isolated and found to be an efficient indole degrader. It was identified as Cupriavidus sp. according to 16 SrRNA gene analysis. Strain SHE could utilize indole as the sole carbon source and almost completely degrade 100 mg/L of indole within 24 hr. It still harbored relatively high indole degradation capacity within p H 4–9 and temperature 25°C–35°C. Experiments also showed that some heavy metals such as Mn2＋, Pb2＋and Co2＋did not pose severe inhibition on indole degradation. Based on high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrum analysis, isatin was identified as a minor intermediate during the process of indole biodegradation. A major yellow product with m/z 265.0605（C15H8N2O3） was generated and accumulated, suggesting a novel indole conversion pathway existed. Genome analysis of strain SHE indicated that there existed a rich set of oxidoreductases, which might be the key reason for the efficient degradation of indole. The robust degradation ability of strain SHE makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of indole containing wastewater.展开更多
A bacterium strain Y3,capable of efficiently degrading pendimethalin,was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16 S rRNA phylogenetic analysis.This...A bacterium strain Y3,capable of efficiently degrading pendimethalin,was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16 S rRNA phylogenetic analysis.This strain could grow on pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5%of 100 mg/L pendimethalin within 2.5 days in batch liquid culture,demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains.Three metabolic products,6-aminopendimethalin,5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-（pentan-3-ylamino） benzoic acid,and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-（hydroxymethyl）-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid,were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed.A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of pendimethalin to 6-aminopendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3.The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate（NADPH） or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide（NADH）.The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30℃ and 7.5,respectively.Hg^（2＋）,Ni^（2＋）,Pb^（2＋）,Co^（2＋）,Mn^（2＋） Cu^（2＋）,Ag~＋,and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity,whereas Fe^（2＋）,Mg^（2＋）,and Ca^（2＋） enhanced it.This study provides an efficient pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of pendimethalin.展开更多
In order to explore the biodegradation behavior of nonylphenolic compounds during wastewater treatment processing, two full-scale wastewater treatment plants were investigated and batch biodegradation experiments were...In order to explore the biodegradation behavior of nonylphenolic compounds during wastewater treatment processing, two full-scale wastewater treatment plants were investigated and batch biodegradation experiments were conducted. The biodegradation pathways under the various operational conditions were identified from batch experiments： shortening of ethoxy-chains dominated under the anaerobic condition, whereas oxidizing of the terminal alcoholic group prevailed over the other routes under the aerobic condition. Results showed that the anoxic condition could accelerate the biodegradation rates of nonylphenolic compounds, but had no influence on the biodegradation pathway. The biodegradation rates of nonylphenol （NP） and short-chain nonylphenol polyethoxylates （NPnEOs, n： number of ethoxy units） increased from the anaerobic condition, then the anoxic, finally to the aerobic condition, while those of long-chain NPnEOs and nonylphenoxy carboxylates （NPECs） seemed similar under the various conditions. Under every operational condition, long-chain NPnEOs showed the highest biodegradation activity, followed by NPECs and short-chain NPnEOs, whereas NP showed relatively recalcitrant characteristics especially under the anaerobic condition. In addition, introducing sulfate and nitrate to the anaerobic condition could enhance the biodegradation of NP and short-chain NPnEOs by supplying more positive redox potentials.展开更多
Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFASs),a class of synthetic chemicals with exceptional chemical and thermal stability,have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants with significant bioaccumulative potentia...Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFASs),a class of synthetic chemicals with exceptional chemical and thermal stability,have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants with significant bioaccumulative potential,posing substantial risks to ecosystems and human health.Although the production of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS)has been phased out across the world,these compounds persist ubiquitously in all kinds of environmental compartments,with marine ecosystems serving as their ultimate sink.Through a search process,this review identified 420 articles published from September 2004 to September 2024 that systematically examined the distribution patterns and ecotoxicological effects of PFOA and PFOS in marine environments,particularly focusing on their bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity through marine trophic webs.While numerous physico-chemical approaches for remediation of PFAS have been proposed,their practical implementation is limited by substantial economic costs,excessive energy requirements,and low mineralization efficiency.In this context,microbial degradation emerges as a promising,eco-friendly alternative for mitigation of PFAS.Recent advancements in microbial degradation pathways and mechanisms for PFOA and PFOS are critically assessed,while emphasizing the current limitations and prospects of bioremediation strategies in marine environments.Furthermore,potential solutions and outline future research directions are proposed to enhance the efficacy of biological approaches for management of marine PFAS contamination.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided by Jiangsu Policy Guidance Program(International Science and Technology Collaboration)(BZ2021030)Wuxi Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program for Science and Technology(M20211003)+1 种基金the Pre-research Fund of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment(XTCXSZ2020-2)Jiangsu Special Funding of Science and Technology Innovation for Carbon Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(BE2021409).
文摘A large number of pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)persist in wastewater,and the consumption of PPCPs for COVID-19 control and prevention has sharply increased during the pandemic.This study investigated the occurrence,removal efficiency,and risk assessment of six typical PPCPs commonly used in China in two wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs).Ribavirin(RBV)is an effective pharmaceutical for severely ill patients with COVID-19,and the possible biodegradation pathway of RBV by activated sludge was discovered.The experimental results showed that PPCPs were detected in two WWTPs with a detection rate of 100%and concentrations ranging between 612 and 2323 ng L^(-1).The detection frequency and concentrations of RBV were substantially higher,with a maximum concentration of 314 ng L^(-1).Relatively high pollution loads were found for the following PPCPs from influent:ibuprofen>ranitidine hydrochloride>RBV>ampicillin sodium>clozapine>sulfamethoxazole.The removal efficiency of PPCPs was closely related to adsorption and biodegradation in activated sludge,and the moving bed biofilm reactor(MBBR)had a higher removal capacity than the anoxic-anaerobic-anoxicoxic(AAAO)process.The removal efficiencies of sulfamethoxazole,ampicillin sodium,ibuprofen,and clozapine ranged from 92.21%to 97.86%in MBBR process and were relatively low,from 61.82%to 97.62%in AAAO process,and the removal of RBV and ranitidine hydrochloride were lower than 42.96%in both MBBR and AAAO processes.The discrepancy in removal efficiency is caused by temperature,hydrophilicity,and hydrophobicity of the compound,and acidity and alkalinity.The transformation products of RBV in activated sludge were detected and identified,and the biodegradation process of RBV could be speculated as follows:first breaks into TCONH_(2) and an oxygen-containing five-membered heterocyclic ring under the nucleosidase reaction,and then TCONH_(2) is finally formed into TCOOH through amide hydrolysis.Aquatic ecological risks based on risk quotient(RQ)assessment showed that PPCPs had high and medium risks in the influent,and the RQ values were all reduced after MBBR and AAAO treatment.Ranitidine hydrochloride and clozapine still showed high and medium risks in the effluent,respectively,and thus presented potential risks to the aquatic ecosystem.
基金jointly supported by the Key R&D Project of Hunan Province(No.2018WK4007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51879105)。
文摘This research investigated the effects of ciprofloxacin(CIP)(0.5,5,and 20 mg/L)on SBR systems under different carbon source conditions.Microbial community abundance and structure were determined by quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing,respectively.The biodegradation production of CIP and possible degradation mechanism were also studied.Results showed that CIP had adverse effects on the nutrient removal from wastewater.Compared with sodium acetate,glucose could be more effectively used by microorganisms,thus eliminating the negative effects of CIP.Glucose stimulated the microbial abundance and increased the removal rate of CIP by 18%–24%.The mechanism research indicated that Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria had a high tolerance for CIP.With sodium acetate as a carbon source,the abundance of nitrite-oxidizing bacterial communities decreased under CIP,resulting in the accumulation of nitrite and nitrate.Rhodanobacter and Microbacterium played a major role in nitrification and denitrification when using sodium acetate and glucose as carbon sources.Dyella and Microbacterium played positive roles in the degradation process of CIP and eliminated the negative effect of CIP on SBR,which was consistent with the improved removal efficiency of pollutants.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51778175)the National Key R&D Plan(Grant No.2016YFC0401105)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.E2016039)the National Water Pollution Control and Management Technology Major Projects(Grant No.2013ZX07201007)
文摘In this study, benzothiazole was entirely mineralized by an up-flow internal circulation microbial electrolysis reactor. The bioelectrochemical system was operated at ambient temperature under continuous-flow mode. The analysis of metabolite which was extracted by HPLC-MS from the bioreactor indicated that benzothiazole derivative ( BTH ) was firstly converted into 2-hydroxybenzothiazole in the microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) and then mineralized within three steps, i.e., the fracture of thiazole-ring through a series of oxidation and hydrolysis, the deamination and hydroxylation of 2-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, and the mineralization of various carboxylic acids to CO2 and H2O. Bacterial community analysis indicated that the applied electric field could selectively enrich certain species and the dominate bacteria on the electrodes belonged to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. Results show that MEC can improve the degradation efficiency of BTH in wastewater, enable the microbiological reactor to satisfy the requirements of high loading rate, thereby fulfilling the scale-up of whole process in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21176040)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No.NCET-13-0077)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.DUT14YQ107)
文摘Indole, a typical nitrogen heterocyclic aromatic pollutant, is extensively spread in industrial wastewater. Microbial degradation has been proven to be a feasible approach to remove indole, whereas the microbial resources are fairly limited. A bacterial strain designated as SHE was isolated and found to be an efficient indole degrader. It was identified as Cupriavidus sp. according to 16 SrRNA gene analysis. Strain SHE could utilize indole as the sole carbon source and almost completely degrade 100 mg/L of indole within 24 hr. It still harbored relatively high indole degradation capacity within p H 4–9 and temperature 25°C–35°C. Experiments also showed that some heavy metals such as Mn2＋, Pb2＋and Co2＋did not pose severe inhibition on indole degradation. Based on high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrum analysis, isatin was identified as a minor intermediate during the process of indole biodegradation. A major yellow product with m/z 265.0605（C15H8N2O3） was generated and accumulated, suggesting a novel indole conversion pathway existed. Genome analysis of strain SHE indicated that there existed a rich set of oxidoreductases, which might be the key reason for the efficient degradation of indole. The robust degradation ability of strain SHE makes it a promising candidate for the treatment of indole containing wastewater.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan(No.2012BAD15B03)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2014M561660 and 2013T60546)the Jiangsu Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.1301114C)
文摘A bacterium strain Y3,capable of efficiently degrading pendimethalin,was isolated from activated sludge and identified as Bacillus subtilis according to its phenotypic features and 16 S rRNA phylogenetic analysis.This strain could grow on pendimethalin as a sole carbon source and degrade 99.5%of 100 mg/L pendimethalin within 2.5 days in batch liquid culture,demonstrating a greater efficiency than any other reported strains.Three metabolic products,6-aminopendimethalin,5-amino-2-methyl-3-nitroso-4-（pentan-3-ylamino） benzoic acid,and 8-amino-2-ethyl-5-（hydroxymethyl）-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid,were identified by HPLC-MS/MS,and a new microbial degradation pathway was proposed.A nitroreductase catalyzing nitroreduction of pendimethalin to 6-aminopendimethalin was detected in the cell lysate of strain Y3.The cofactor was nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate（NADPH） or more preferably nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide（NADH）.The optimal temperature and pH for the nitroreductase were 30℃ and 7.5,respectively.Hg^（2＋）,Ni^（2＋）,Pb^（2＋）,Co^（2＋）,Mn^（2＋） Cu^（2＋）,Ag~＋,and EDTA severely inhibited the nitroreductase activity,whereas Fe^（2＋）,Mg^（2＋）,and Ca^（2＋） enhanced it.This study provides an efficient pendimethalin-degrading microorganism and broadens the knowledge of the microbial degradation pathway of pendimethalin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51138009)
文摘In order to explore the biodegradation behavior of nonylphenolic compounds during wastewater treatment processing, two full-scale wastewater treatment plants were investigated and batch biodegradation experiments were conducted. The biodegradation pathways under the various operational conditions were identified from batch experiments： shortening of ethoxy-chains dominated under the anaerobic condition, whereas oxidizing of the terminal alcoholic group prevailed over the other routes under the aerobic condition. Results showed that the anoxic condition could accelerate the biodegradation rates of nonylphenolic compounds, but had no influence on the biodegradation pathway. The biodegradation rates of nonylphenol （NP） and short-chain nonylphenol polyethoxylates （NPnEOs, n： number of ethoxy units） increased from the anaerobic condition, then the anoxic, finally to the aerobic condition, while those of long-chain NPnEOs and nonylphenoxy carboxylates （NPECs） seemed similar under the various conditions. Under every operational condition, long-chain NPnEOs showed the highest biodegradation activity, followed by NPECs and short-chain NPnEOs, whereas NP showed relatively recalcitrant characteristics especially under the anaerobic condition. In addition, introducing sulfate and nitrate to the anaerobic condition could enhance the biodegradation of NP and short-chain NPnEOs by supplying more positive redox potentials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42077335).
文摘Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFASs),a class of synthetic chemicals with exceptional chemical and thermal stability,have emerged as persistent environmental contaminants with significant bioaccumulative potential,posing substantial risks to ecosystems and human health.Although the production of perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid(PFOS)has been phased out across the world,these compounds persist ubiquitously in all kinds of environmental compartments,with marine ecosystems serving as their ultimate sink.Through a search process,this review identified 420 articles published from September 2004 to September 2024 that systematically examined the distribution patterns and ecotoxicological effects of PFOA and PFOS in marine environments,particularly focusing on their bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity through marine trophic webs.While numerous physico-chemical approaches for remediation of PFAS have been proposed,their practical implementation is limited by substantial economic costs,excessive energy requirements,and low mineralization efficiency.In this context,microbial degradation emerges as a promising,eco-friendly alternative for mitigation of PFAS.Recent advancements in microbial degradation pathways and mechanisms for PFOA and PFOS are critically assessed,while emphasizing the current limitations and prospects of bioremediation strategies in marine environments.Furthermore,potential solutions and outline future research directions are proposed to enhance the efficacy of biological approaches for management of marine PFAS contamination.
