Antibiotics are widespread in aquatic environments due to their extensive use in human healthcare and ani-mal husbandry.However,research on the occurrence and bioaccumulation of antibiotics in aquatic organisms within...Antibiotics are widespread in aquatic environments due to their extensive use in human healthcare and ani-mal husbandry.However,research on the occurrence and bioaccumulation of antibiotics in aquatic organisms within shallow wetland lakes remains limited.This study investigated the occurrence and bioaccumulation of ten commonly used antibiotics in the Baiyang Lake,northern China’s largest shallow wetland lake.The results indicated that sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones were the predominant antibiotics in surface water,whereas fluoroquinolones and macrolides were more prevalent in sediment.Fluoroquinolones demonstrated significant potential for bioaccumulation in targeted aquatic organisms,including both animals and plants(Carassius au-ratus and Phragmites australis).The bioaccumulation of antibiotics in Carassius auratus was correlated with their solubility,whereas in Phragmites australis,this was associated with their octanol-water partition coefficients and molecular weights.Ecological risk assessment indicated that most antibiotics posed minimal to low risk levels.However,four antibiotics were exceptions:clarithromycin(12.5%)and sulfamethoxazole(6.25%)presented a high risk in surface water samples,while norfloxacin(25.0%)and ciprofloxacin(25.0%)posed a high risk in sediment samples.Norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and roxithromycin were identified as key indicator antibiotics for enhancing the local monitoring and control of antibiotic contamination based on four criteria:(1)high con-centrations,(2)frequent detection,(3)capacity for bioaccumulation,and(4)ecological risk levels.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the status of antibiotic contamination,bioaccumulation characteristics,and ecological risk in Baiyang Lake,thereby supporting efforts to monitor and regulate antibiotic pollution.展开更多
The present study examines the toxicological effects and bioaccumulation of strontium(Sr^(2+))in two Moroccan wheat species,Triticum durum(Nachit)and Triticum aestivum(Ibtissam).Germination rates and seedling growth p...The present study examines the toxicological effects and bioaccumulation of strontium(Sr^(2+))in two Moroccan wheat species,Triticum durum(Nachit)and Triticum aestivum(Ibtissam).Germination rates and seedling growth parameters were evaluated under Sr^(2+)concentrations of 0,10,100,and 1000 mM.Results revealed a significant decline in germination rates as Sr^(2+)concentrations increased,with T.aestivum showing higher sensitivity compared to T.durum.Low Sr^(2+)concentrations(10 mM)initially promoted stem growth in T.aestivum,but growth declined sharply at higher concentrations.Both species sustained growth at moderate Sr^(2+)concentrations(100 mM),but experienced a substantial reduction at 1000 mM,with T.durum demonstrating slightly better tolerance.Elevated Sr^(2+)concentrations notably affected root length and stem branching,indicating severe phytotoxic effects.Enzyme activity assays showed that at low Sr^(2+)concentration(10 mM),GST,CAT,POD,and SOD activities were similar to the control.At moderate concentrations(100 mM),GST and POD activities increased,suggesting enhanced detoxification.At high concentrations(1000 mM),all enzyme activities were significantly elevated,reflecting a robust antioxidative defense mechanism.This study provides valuable insights into the toxicological impacts and physiological responses of these wheat species to Sr^(2+)stress.展开更多
The responses of the growth and metabolism activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium （P. chrysosporium） to cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） and their combined pollution stress, were investigated in plate and liquid culture...The responses of the growth and metabolism activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium （P. chrysosporium） to cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） and their combined pollution stress, were investigated in plate and liquid culture conditions. The diameter of colony, biomass ofP. chrysosporium, ligninolytic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation quantity of heavy metals were detected. The results indicated that Cd was more toxic than Pb to P. chrysosporium and the toxicity of Cd and Pb to P. chrysosporium was further strengthened under Cd＋Pb combined pollution in different culture conditions. Heavy metals Cd and Pb had indirect influence on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by directly affecting the fungal growth and metabolic activity, and by another way in liquid culture. In addition, the results provided an evidence of the accumulation of Cd and Pb on the mycelia ofP. chrysosporium.展开更多
Sixteen Scenedesmus species or strains have been employed to investigate the maximum capacity of nickel (Ni) accumulation in 10 mg/L Ni solution. The results showed that the capacity of accumulating Ni from aqueou...Sixteen Scenedesmus species or strains have been employed to investigate the maximum capacity of nickel (Ni) accumulation in 10 mg/L Ni solution. The results showed that the capacity of accumulating Ni from aqueous solution in 16 Scenedesmus species or strains showed the diversity. S. quadricauda freshwater algae culture collection of the Institute of Hydrobiology (FACHB) 44 and S. quadricauda FACHB 506 performed much more capacity of Ni accumulation than other species such as Scenedesmus sp. FACHB 416 and Scenedesmus sp. FACHB 489. Sequestration of Ni ions from aqueous solution was very efficient (26.7 mg Ni/g dry weight, in the 100 mg/L Ni solution) in S. quadricauda FACHB 44. The kinetics of Ni binding indicated that Ni bioaccumulation, in algal cell of S. quadricauda FACHB 44, possessed a rapid biosorption (5 min) and an slow bioaccumulation (2-3 h). More than 70% of Ni binding in algal cell were accumulated by biosorption and the remaining 20%-30% were bioaccumulated by energy_consumed transportation. It is much more higher ratio of energy_consumed transportation in S. quadricauda FACHB 44 than in other algae. Both the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the energy_dispersive X_ray (EDX) microanalyses also revealed the different mechanisms of bioaccumulation in the various subcellular regions: a very fast adsorption in the cell wall; and a time_dependent absorption in protoplasm, specially in starch and chromatin.展开更多
The Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis, which were caught from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, a large, ...The Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis, which were caught from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, a large, shallow and eutrophic lake of China. The results showed that： （1） the Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd contents in the edible parts of the four fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion （1994）, but the Zn contents were higher than the Criterion; （2） Cd contents were the highest in the liver of fish, Pb contents were almost the same in all organs of fish, Cr contents mainly enriched in the skin and gonads, Zn contents were the highest in the gonad （♀）, and Cu contents were the highest in the liver; （3） the total metal accumulation was the greatest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle. The total metal accumulation was the highest in C. auratus L. This investigation indicated that fish products in Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption, but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Zn.展开更多
Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccu...Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccumulation of Hg and methylmercury（MeHg） in Hg-contaminated rice paddies were investigated. Rice and soil samples were collected from the active Hg smelting site and abandoned Hg mining sites（a total of 124 paddy fields） in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Total Hg（THg） and MeHg in soils and rice grains, together with sulfur（S）,selenium（Se）, organic matter（OM）, nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, mineral compositions（e.g., SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3） and pH in soils were quantified. The results showed that long-term Hg mining activities had resulted in THg and MeHg contaminations in soil-rice system. The newly-deposited atmospheric Hg was more readily methylated relative to the native Hg already in soils, which could be responsible for the elevated MeHg levels in soils and rice grains around the active artificial Hg smelting site. The MeHg concentrations in soils and rice grains showed a significantly negative relationship with soil N/Hg, S/Hg and OM/Hg ratio possibly due to the formation of low-bioavailability Hg–S（N）–OM complexes in rhizosphere. The Hg–Se antagonism undoubtedly occurred in soil-rice system, while its role in bioaccumulation of MeHg in the MeHg-contaminated rice paddies was minor. However, other soil properties showed less influence on the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice paddies located at the Wanshan Mercury Mine zone.展开更多
A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of Chin...A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to investigate total mercury （THg） distribution and its bioaccumulation up the soil-plant-grasshopperspider in the Huludao City, which is polluted seriously by chlor-alkali and zinc smel...The purpose of this study is to investigate total mercury （THg） distribution and its bioaccumulation up the soil-plant-grasshopperspider in the Huludao City, which is polluted seriously by chlor-alkali and zinc smelting industry in Northeast of China. Results indicated that average THg concentrations in soil, plant leaves, grasshopper Locusta migratoria manilensis and Acrida chinensis, and spider were 0.151, 0.119, 0.167 and 0.134 mg/kg, respectively. THg spatial distribution suggested that most of mercury came from the chlor-alkali plant and the two zinc smelteries. The highest mercury concentration was found in the wings among different grasshoppers’ organs. Although spiders are the predatory, THg concentrations in their bodies were not high, and only on the same level as in grasshoppers, which might be due to spiders’ special living habits. In the light of the mercury transportation at every stage of the soil-plant-grasshopper-spider food chain, the bioaccumulation factors were 0.03, 0.79–1.11 and 0.80–1.13 respectively. It suggested that mercury biomagnification up terrestrial food chains was not so large and obvious as it was in the aquatic food chain.展开更多
Dietary uptake is the major way that inorganic arsenic(iAs)enters into benthic fish;however,the metabolic process of dietborne i As in fish muscle following chronic exposure remains unclear.This was a 40-day study on ...Dietary uptake is the major way that inorganic arsenic(iAs)enters into benthic fish;however,the metabolic process of dietborne i As in fish muscle following chronic exposure remains unclear.This was a 40-day study on chronic dietborne i As[arsenite(AsⅢ)and arsenate(AsⅤ)]exposure in the benthic freshwater food fish,the crucian carp(Carassius auratus),which determined the temporal profiles of iAs metabolism and toxicokinetics during exposure.We found that an adaptive response occurred in the fish body after iAs dietary exposure,which was associated with decreased As accumulation and increased As transformation into a non-toxic As form(arsenobetaine).The bioavailability of dietary AsⅢwas lower than that of AsⅤ,probably because AsⅢhas a lower ability to pass through fish tissues.Dietary AsⅤexhibited a high potential for transformation into AsⅢspecies,which then accumulated in fish muscle.The largely produced AsⅢconsidered more toxic at the earlier stage of AsⅤexposure should attract sufficient attention to human exposure assessment.Therefore,the pristine As species and exposure duration had significant effects on As bioaccumulation and biotransformation in fish.The behavior determined for dietborne arsenic in food fish is crucial for not only arsenic ecotoxicology but also food safety.展开更多
The heavy metal bioaccumulation levels of 13 species of mushrooms were studied. 13 different species of wild mushrooms growing in China were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As. Contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in mushro...The heavy metal bioaccumulation levels of 13 species of mushrooms were studied. 13 different species of wild mushrooms growing in China were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As. Contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in mushroom and Cu, Zn in Soil were tested by atomic absorption spectrometer （AAS）, and As in samples by atomic fluorescent light （AFL）. Contents of Cd and Pb in soil were analyzed by graphite furnace AAS. The results showed that contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, and As in Termitomyces microcarpus were the highest in the tested mushroom samples, which were 135.00, 13.28, 65.30, and 1.60 mg·kg^-1 （dry biomass） respectively, and the corresponding bioconcentration factor （BCF） for Cu and Cd was 57 and 1 674 separately, which was the highest data in 13 mushroom species. The capability ofBoletus griseus for Cd accumulation was very strong with BCF of 300. when people consume the wild edible mushrooms, contents of Cd and Pb should be greatly considered.展开更多
Intensive use of sulfamethazine(SM_2) in aquaculture has resulted in some detrimental effects to non-targeted organisms. In order to assess its potential ecological risk, it is crucial to have a good understanding on ...Intensive use of sulfamethazine(SM_2) in aquaculture has resulted in some detrimental effects to non-targeted organisms. In order to assess its potential ecological risk, it is crucial to have a good understanding on the bioaccumulation and biodegradation of SM_2 in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The microalgae were treated with 2, 4, and 8 mg L^(-1) of sulfamethazine for 13 days, respectively, showing that the inhibition effects of sulfamethazine on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa increased progressively as the concentrations of sulfamethazine increasing from 2 to 8 mg L^(-1). The peak concentrations of sulfamethazine accumulated in C. pyrenoidosa were 0.225, 0.325, and 0.596 ng per mg FW on day 13 for three treatment groups, respectively, showing a great ability to deplete sulfamethazine from the culture media. On day 13, the percentages of biotic degradation were 48.45%, 60.21% and 69.93%, respectively. The EC_(50) of 10.05 mg L^(-1) was derived which showed no significant risk for C. pyrenoidosa with a calculated risk quotient < 1. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased progressively in response to sulfamethazine and showed a positive correlation to the treatment concentrations. The highest superoxide dismutase activity was achieved at the concentration of 8 mg L^(-1) after 2 d of exposure, which was 1.89 folds higher than that of the control. The activity of catalase has a similar pattern to that of superoxide dismutase with the maximum activity achieved at day 2, which was 3.11 folds higher compared to that of the control. In contrast to superoxide dismutase and catalase, the maximum glutathione S-transferase activity was observed at day 6, showing 2.2 folds higher than that of the control.展开更多
To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposu...To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure （control, 5, 40, and 160 gg/L Hg） for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, hone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation （LPO）, which was also tissue-specific and dose- dependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase （GST） activity and glutathione （GSH） levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder.展开更多
To select a marine teleost fish which can be used as a bioindicator of cadmium （Cd） pollution in the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia, Cd concentrations in liver and gill were compared in three benthic fish species includin...To select a marine teleost fish which can be used as a bioindicator of cadmium （Cd） pollution in the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia, Cd concentrations in liver and gill were compared in three benthic fish species including Salaria basilisca, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus and Solea vulgaris. Fish samples were collected from three selected sites in the Gulf of Gabes, with different degrees of Cd contamination： the industrialized coast of Sfax （S 1）, the coast of Douar Chatt （S2） and the coast of Luza （S3）. The results shows that Cd concentrations in both sediment and water collected from S1 were significantly higher （t9 〈 0.0001） than those from S2 and S3. For each species, Cd concentrations, in both liver and gill, showed the decreasing order： S 1 〉 S2 〉 S3. The highest concentration of Cd was detected in the liver of S. basilisca, and only S. basilisca showed bioaccumulation factors （BAF） greater than 1 in all studied sites. In S 1 and S2, BAF values respect the following order： S. basilisca 〉 Z. ophiocephalus 〉 S. vulgaris. These results of significant bioaccumulation of Cd, in terms of hepatic concentrations and bioaccumulation factors, indicated that S. basilisca can be used as bioindicator to evaluate the evolution of Cd pollution in the Gulf of Gabes.展开更多
Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing w...Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing with toxic effects of metals deal with single metal species, while the aquatic organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of metals. Hence, in order to provide data supporting the usefulness of freshwater fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution, it has been proposed in the present study to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs of freshwater fingerlings Cirrhinus mrigala, individually and in binary solutions with nickel. The results show that the kidney is a target organ for chromium accumulation, which implies that it is also the ＂critical＂ organ for toxic symptoms. The results further show that accumulation of nickel in all the tissues of C. mrigala is higher than that of chromium. In addition, the metal accumulations of the binary mixtures of chromium and nickel are substantially higher than those of the individual metals, indicating synergistic interactions between the two metals. Theoretically the simplest explanation for an additive joint action of toxicants in a mixture is that they act in a qualitatively similar way. The observed data suggest that C. mrigala could be suitable monitoring organisms to study the bioavailability of water-bound metals in freshwater habitats.展开更多
As a global toxic pollutant,mercury(Hg)bioaccumulation within food chain could be influenced by human disturbance.Ten typical fish species were collected from Changshou Lake,an artificial lake used to carry out cage f...As a global toxic pollutant,mercury(Hg)bioaccumulation within food chain could be influenced by human disturbance.Ten typical fish species were collected from Changshou Lake,an artificial lake used to carry out cage fish culture,to investigate the C/N isotopic compositions and Hg bioaccumulation in fish.The results showed that the total Hg(THg)and methylmercury(MeHg)levels in fish muscles((56.03±43.96)and(32.35±29.57)ng/g,wet weight),comparable with those in most studies in China,were significantly lower than the international marketing limit(0.5 mg/kg).Past human input for cage culture in this lake led to abnormal^(15)N enrichment in food chain,as the quantitative trophic levels based onδ^(15)N were different with that classified by feeding behaviors.This phenomenon subsequently demonstrated that it should be considered thoughtfully with respect to the application of the traditional method for understanding Hg bioaccumulation power by the slope of log_(10)[Hg]withδ^(15)N regression in specific water body(i.e.,Changshou Lake).In addition,no significant linear correlation between Hg and body weight or length of some fish species was observed,suggesting that the fish growth in the eutrophic environment was disproportionate with Hg bioaccumulation,and fish length or weight was not the main factor affecting Hg transfer with food web.The occurrence of human disturbance in aquatic system presents a challenge to a better understanding of the Hg bioaccumulation and biomagnification within the food chain.展开更多
Trace metal contamination in water and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms are human health risks of increasing concern. However, the bioaccumulation of trace metals in the organs of the mussel Cristaria plicata in D...Trace metal contamination in water and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms are human health risks of increasing concern. However, the bioaccumulation of trace metals in the organs of the mussel Cristaria plicata in Dongting Lake, China and the human health risks of mussel consumption are largely unknown. We investigated the concentrations of 15 trace metals and metalloids in surface water, sediments, and C. plicata organs(foot, gill, mantle, and visceral mass) and quantified the bioaccumulation and human health risk of these trace metals in specimens collected from Dongting Lake. The concentrations of most metals in surface water exceeded previously published background values. In contrast, the concentrations of most metals in sediments showed a decreasing trend. Overall, the metal concentrations in the gill and visceral masses of C. plicata were higher than those in the foot and mantle, and higher bioaccumulation capacities were observed for essential metals than for nonessential metals. The mean concentrations of the trace elements Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Cu, and Cr in C. plicata foot samples were lower than the threshold values established by international and Chinese organizations. The estimated daily intake(EDI) values of the essential metal Mn in C. plicata foot was higher than the recommended tolerable daily intake(TDI) values for juveniles. Only Mn for juveniles and As for both juveniles and adults may pose noncarcinogenic health risks through foot consumption. The hazard index(HI) values for adults and juveniles were higher than 1, suggesting significant risks of noncarcinogenic effects to humans by exposure to multiple metals.展开更多
基金supported by Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.JZX2023018)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(No.C2022201042)the 100 Foreign Experts Plans of Hebei Province(No.606080123001).
文摘Antibiotics are widespread in aquatic environments due to their extensive use in human healthcare and ani-mal husbandry.However,research on the occurrence and bioaccumulation of antibiotics in aquatic organisms within shallow wetland lakes remains limited.This study investigated the occurrence and bioaccumulation of ten commonly used antibiotics in the Baiyang Lake,northern China’s largest shallow wetland lake.The results indicated that sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones were the predominant antibiotics in surface water,whereas fluoroquinolones and macrolides were more prevalent in sediment.Fluoroquinolones demonstrated significant potential for bioaccumulation in targeted aquatic organisms,including both animals and plants(Carassius au-ratus and Phragmites australis).The bioaccumulation of antibiotics in Carassius auratus was correlated with their solubility,whereas in Phragmites australis,this was associated with their octanol-water partition coefficients and molecular weights.Ecological risk assessment indicated that most antibiotics posed minimal to low risk levels.However,four antibiotics were exceptions:clarithromycin(12.5%)and sulfamethoxazole(6.25%)presented a high risk in surface water samples,while norfloxacin(25.0%)and ciprofloxacin(25.0%)posed a high risk in sediment samples.Norfloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and roxithromycin were identified as key indicator antibiotics for enhancing the local monitoring and control of antibiotic contamination based on four criteria:(1)high con-centrations,(2)frequent detection,(3)capacity for bioaccumulation,and(4)ecological risk levels.This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the status of antibiotic contamination,bioaccumulation characteristics,and ecological risk in Baiyang Lake,thereby supporting efforts to monitor and regulate antibiotic pollution.
文摘The present study examines the toxicological effects and bioaccumulation of strontium(Sr^(2+))in two Moroccan wheat species,Triticum durum(Nachit)and Triticum aestivum(Ibtissam).Germination rates and seedling growth parameters were evaluated under Sr^(2+)concentrations of 0,10,100,and 1000 mM.Results revealed a significant decline in germination rates as Sr^(2+)concentrations increased,with T.aestivum showing higher sensitivity compared to T.durum.Low Sr^(2+)concentrations(10 mM)initially promoted stem growth in T.aestivum,but growth declined sharply at higher concentrations.Both species sustained growth at moderate Sr^(2+)concentrations(100 mM),but experienced a substantial reduction at 1000 mM,with T.durum demonstrating slightly better tolerance.Elevated Sr^(2+)concentrations notably affected root length and stem branching,indicating severe phytotoxic effects.Enzyme activity assays showed that at low Sr^(2+)concentration(10 mM),GST,CAT,POD,and SOD activities were similar to the control.At moderate concentrations(100 mM),GST and POD activities increased,suggesting enhanced detoxification.At high concentrations(1000 mM),all enzyme activities were significantly elevated,reflecting a robust antioxidative defense mechanism.This study provides valuable insights into the toxicological impacts and physiological responses of these wheat species to Sr^(2+)stress.
基金Projects(21477027,51278176)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2014A020216048)supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,ChinaProject(2015M582363)supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The responses of the growth and metabolism activity of Phanerochaete chrysosporium （P. chrysosporium） to cadmium （Cd）, lead （Pb） and their combined pollution stress, were investigated in plate and liquid culture conditions. The diameter of colony, biomass ofP. chrysosporium, ligninolytic enzyme activities and bioaccumulation quantity of heavy metals were detected. The results indicated that Cd was more toxic than Pb to P. chrysosporium and the toxicity of Cd and Pb to P. chrysosporium was further strengthened under Cd＋Pb combined pollution in different culture conditions. Heavy metals Cd and Pb had indirect influence on the production of ligninolytic enzymes by directly affecting the fungal growth and metabolic activity, and by another way in liquid culture. In addition, the results provided an evidence of the accumulation of Cd and Pb on the mycelia ofP. chrysosporium.
文摘Sixteen Scenedesmus species or strains have been employed to investigate the maximum capacity of nickel (Ni) accumulation in 10 mg/L Ni solution. The results showed that the capacity of accumulating Ni from aqueous solution in 16 Scenedesmus species or strains showed the diversity. S. quadricauda freshwater algae culture collection of the Institute of Hydrobiology (FACHB) 44 and S. quadricauda FACHB 506 performed much more capacity of Ni accumulation than other species such as Scenedesmus sp. FACHB 416 and Scenedesmus sp. FACHB 489. Sequestration of Ni ions from aqueous solution was very efficient (26.7 mg Ni/g dry weight, in the 100 mg/L Ni solution) in S. quadricauda FACHB 44. The kinetics of Ni binding indicated that Ni bioaccumulation, in algal cell of S. quadricauda FACHB 44, possessed a rapid biosorption (5 min) and an slow bioaccumulation (2-3 h). More than 70% of Ni binding in algal cell were accumulated by biosorption and the remaining 20%-30% were bioaccumulated by energy_consumed transportation. It is much more higher ratio of energy_consumed transportation in S. quadricauda FACHB 44 than in other algae. Both the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the energy_dispersive X_ray (EDX) microanalyses also revealed the different mechanisms of bioaccumulation in the various subcellular regions: a very fast adsorption in the cell wall; and a time_dependent absorption in protoplasm, specially in starch and chromatin.
基金Projects supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40673078,40203007).
文摘The Cr, Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb contents were determined in Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Carassius auratus Linnaeus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis, which were caught from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, a large, shallow and eutrophic lake of China. The results showed that： （1） the Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd contents in the edible parts of the four fish species were much lower than Chinese Food Health Criterion （1994）, but the Zn contents were higher than the Criterion; （2） Cd contents were the highest in the liver of fish, Pb contents were almost the same in all organs of fish, Cr contents mainly enriched in the skin and gonads, Zn contents were the highest in the gonad （♀）, and Cu contents were the highest in the liver; （3） the total metal accumulation was the greatest in the liver and the lowest in the muscle. The total metal accumulation was the highest in C. auratus L. This investigation indicated that fish products in Taihu Lake were still safe for human consumption, but the amount consumed should be controlled under the Chinese Food Health Criterion to avoid excessive intake of Zn.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41763017)the Program Foundation of Institute for Scientific Research of Karst Area of NSFC-GZGOV (No.U1612442)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guizhou Province (No.Qiankehe-[2018]2336)the Key Discipline Construction Project,Guizhou (No.ZDXK [2016]11)the Topclass Discipline Construction Project of Ecology in Guizhou Province (No.GNYL[2017]007)
文摘Rice paddy soil is recognized as the hotspot of mercury（Hg） methylation, which is mainly a biotic process mediated by many abiotic factors. In this study, effects of key soil properties on the production and bioaccumulation of Hg and methylmercury（MeHg） in Hg-contaminated rice paddies were investigated. Rice and soil samples were collected from the active Hg smelting site and abandoned Hg mining sites（a total of 124 paddy fields） in the Wanshan Mercury Mine, China. Total Hg（THg） and MeHg in soils and rice grains, together with sulfur（S）,selenium（Se）, organic matter（OM）, nitrogen（N）, phosphorus（P）, mineral compositions（e.g., SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3） and pH in soils were quantified. The results showed that long-term Hg mining activities had resulted in THg and MeHg contaminations in soil-rice system. The newly-deposited atmospheric Hg was more readily methylated relative to the native Hg already in soils, which could be responsible for the elevated MeHg levels in soils and rice grains around the active artificial Hg smelting site. The MeHg concentrations in soils and rice grains showed a significantly negative relationship with soil N/Hg, S/Hg and OM/Hg ratio possibly due to the formation of low-bioavailability Hg–S（N）–OM complexes in rhizosphere. The Hg–Se antagonism undoubtedly occurred in soil-rice system, while its role in bioaccumulation of MeHg in the MeHg-contaminated rice paddies was minor. However, other soil properties showed less influence on the production and bioaccumulation of MeHg in rice paddies located at the Wanshan Mercury Mine zone.
基金supported by the National Environmental Protection Commonweal Project of China (No. NEPCP 200809098)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in Lanzhou University (No. lzujbky-2009-65)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 91025015)
文摘A pot experiment was conducted to study the bioaccumulation and translocation of cadmium （Cd） in cole （Brassica campestris L.） and celery （Apium graveolens） grown in the Cd-polluted oasis soil, Northwest of China. The results showed that Cd in the unpolluted oasis soil was mainly bound to carbonate fraction （F2） and Fe-Mn oxide fraction （F3）. However, marked change of Cd fractions was observed with increasing soil Cd concentrations, in which the concentration of Cd in F1 （exchangeable fraction）, F2 and F3 increased significantly （p 〈 0.001 for F1, F2 and F3）. The growth of cole and celery could be facilitated by low concentrations of Cd, but inhibited by high cortcentmdons. The correlation analysis between the fraction distribution coefficient of Cd in the soil and Cd concentration accumulated in the two vegetables showed that Cd in F1 in the soil made the greatest contribution on the accumulation of Cd in the two vegetables. The high bio-eoncentration factor and the translocation factor of Cd in both cote and celery were observed, and Cd had higher accumulation in the edible parts of the two vegetables. Therefore, both cole and celery grown in Cd-polluted oasis soil have higher risk to human health. And the two vegetables are not suitable to be cultivated as vegetables consumed by human in the Cd-polluted oasis soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 40830535, 40803021)
文摘The purpose of this study is to investigate total mercury （THg） distribution and its bioaccumulation up the soil-plant-grasshopperspider in the Huludao City, which is polluted seriously by chlor-alkali and zinc smelting industry in Northeast of China. Results indicated that average THg concentrations in soil, plant leaves, grasshopper Locusta migratoria manilensis and Acrida chinensis, and spider were 0.151, 0.119, 0.167 and 0.134 mg/kg, respectively. THg spatial distribution suggested that most of mercury came from the chlor-alkali plant and the two zinc smelteries. The highest mercury concentration was found in the wings among different grasshoppers’ organs. Although spiders are the predatory, THg concentrations in their bodies were not high, and only on the same level as in grasshoppers, which might be due to spiders’ special living habits. In the light of the mercury transportation at every stage of the soil-plant-grasshopper-spider food chain, the bioaccumulation factors were 0.03, 0.79–1.11 and 0.80–1.13 respectively. It suggested that mercury biomagnification up terrestrial food chains was not so large and obvious as it was in the aquatic food chain.
基金the Special Fund for AgroScientific Research in the Public Interest of China(No.201503108)the Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(No.2017WK2091)。
文摘Dietary uptake is the major way that inorganic arsenic(iAs)enters into benthic fish;however,the metabolic process of dietborne i As in fish muscle following chronic exposure remains unclear.This was a 40-day study on chronic dietborne i As[arsenite(AsⅢ)and arsenate(AsⅤ)]exposure in the benthic freshwater food fish,the crucian carp(Carassius auratus),which determined the temporal profiles of iAs metabolism and toxicokinetics during exposure.We found that an adaptive response occurred in the fish body after iAs dietary exposure,which was associated with decreased As accumulation and increased As transformation into a non-toxic As form(arsenobetaine).The bioavailability of dietary AsⅢwas lower than that of AsⅤ,probably because AsⅢhas a lower ability to pass through fish tissues.Dietary AsⅤexhibited a high potential for transformation into AsⅢspecies,which then accumulated in fish muscle.The largely produced AsⅢconsidered more toxic at the earlier stage of AsⅤexposure should attract sufficient attention to human exposure assessment.Therefore,the pristine As species and exposure duration had significant effects on As bioaccumulation and biotransformation in fish.The behavior determined for dietborne arsenic in food fish is crucial for not only arsenic ecotoxicology but also food safety.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40741004)Program of Sichuan Bureau of Science and Technology (04SG023-006-05)Post Doctorial Program of Institute of Mountain Haz-ards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘The heavy metal bioaccumulation levels of 13 species of mushrooms were studied. 13 different species of wild mushrooms growing in China were analyzed for Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and As. Contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in mushroom and Cu, Zn in Soil were tested by atomic absorption spectrometer （AAS）, and As in samples by atomic fluorescent light （AFL）. Contents of Cd and Pb in soil were analyzed by graphite furnace AAS. The results showed that contents of Cu, Pb, Cd, and As in Termitomyces microcarpus were the highest in the tested mushroom samples, which were 135.00, 13.28, 65.30, and 1.60 mg·kg^-1 （dry biomass） respectively, and the corresponding bioconcentration factor （BCF） for Cu and Cd was 57 and 1 674 separately, which was the highest data in 13 mushroom species. The capability ofBoletus griseus for Cd accumulation was very strong with BCF of 300. when people consume the wild edible mushrooms, contents of Cd and Pb should be greatly considered.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System (CARS-47)the Program of Shandong Leading Talent (No.LJNY2015002)the AoShan Scientific and Technological Innovation Project which was financially backed by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (No.2015ASKJ02)
文摘Intensive use of sulfamethazine(SM_2) in aquaculture has resulted in some detrimental effects to non-targeted organisms. In order to assess its potential ecological risk, it is crucial to have a good understanding on the bioaccumulation and biodegradation of SM_2 in Chlorella pyrenoidosa. The microalgae were treated with 2, 4, and 8 mg L^(-1) of sulfamethazine for 13 days, respectively, showing that the inhibition effects of sulfamethazine on the growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa increased progressively as the concentrations of sulfamethazine increasing from 2 to 8 mg L^(-1). The peak concentrations of sulfamethazine accumulated in C. pyrenoidosa were 0.225, 0.325, and 0.596 ng per mg FW on day 13 for three treatment groups, respectively, showing a great ability to deplete sulfamethazine from the culture media. On day 13, the percentages of biotic degradation were 48.45%, 60.21% and 69.93%, respectively. The EC_(50) of 10.05 mg L^(-1) was derived which showed no significant risk for C. pyrenoidosa with a calculated risk quotient < 1. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased progressively in response to sulfamethazine and showed a positive correlation to the treatment concentrations. The highest superoxide dismutase activity was achieved at the concentration of 8 mg L^(-1) after 2 d of exposure, which was 1.89 folds higher than that of the control. The activity of catalase has a similar pattern to that of superoxide dismutase with the maximum activity achieved at day 2, which was 3.11 folds higher compared to that of the control. In contrast to superoxide dismutase and catalase, the maximum glutathione S-transferase activity was observed at day 6, showing 2.2 folds higher than that of the control.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups (No. 41121064)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2009AA09Z401)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q07-02)the Public Interest Research Program in Marine Industry from the State Oceanic Administration of China (No. 200905019)
文摘To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure （control, 5, 40, and 160 gg/L Hg） for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, hone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation （LPO）, which was also tissue-specific and dose- dependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase （GST） activity and glutathione （GSH） levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder.
文摘To select a marine teleost fish which can be used as a bioindicator of cadmium （Cd） pollution in the Gulf of Gabes in Tunisia, Cd concentrations in liver and gill were compared in three benthic fish species including Salaria basilisca, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus and Solea vulgaris. Fish samples were collected from three selected sites in the Gulf of Gabes, with different degrees of Cd contamination： the industrialized coast of Sfax （S 1）, the coast of Douar Chatt （S2） and the coast of Luza （S3）. The results shows that Cd concentrations in both sediment and water collected from S1 were significantly higher （t9 〈 0.0001） than those from S2 and S3. For each species, Cd concentrations, in both liver and gill, showed the decreasing order： S 1 〉 S2 〉 S3. The highest concentration of Cd was detected in the liver of S. basilisca, and only S. basilisca showed bioaccumulation factors （BAF） greater than 1 in all studied sites. In S 1 and S2, BAF values respect the following order： S. basilisca 〉 Z. ophiocephalus 〉 S. vulgaris. These results of significant bioaccumulation of Cd, in terms of hepatic concentrations and bioaccumulation factors, indicated that S. basilisca can be used as bioindicator to evaluate the evolution of Cd pollution in the Gulf of Gabes.
文摘Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful effects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing with toxic effects of metals deal with single metal species, while the aquatic organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of metals. Hence, in order to provide data supporting the usefulness of freshwater fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution, it has been proposed in the present study to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs of freshwater fingerlings Cirrhinus mrigala, individually and in binary solutions with nickel. The results show that the kidney is a target organ for chromium accumulation, which implies that it is also the ＂critical＂ organ for toxic symptoms. The results further show that accumulation of nickel in all the tissues of C. mrigala is higher than that of chromium. In addition, the metal accumulations of the binary mixtures of chromium and nickel are substantially higher than those of the individual metals, indicating synergistic interactions between the two metals. Theoretically the simplest explanation for an additive joint action of toxicants in a mixture is that they act in a qualitatively similar way. The observed data suggest that C. mrigala could be suitable monitoring organisms to study the bioavailability of water-bound metals in freshwater habitats.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41603103 and 41373113)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. XDJK2017B035)
文摘As a global toxic pollutant,mercury(Hg)bioaccumulation within food chain could be influenced by human disturbance.Ten typical fish species were collected from Changshou Lake,an artificial lake used to carry out cage fish culture,to investigate the C/N isotopic compositions and Hg bioaccumulation in fish.The results showed that the total Hg(THg)and methylmercury(MeHg)levels in fish muscles((56.03±43.96)and(32.35±29.57)ng/g,wet weight),comparable with those in most studies in China,were significantly lower than the international marketing limit(0.5 mg/kg).Past human input for cage culture in this lake led to abnormal^(15)N enrichment in food chain,as the quantitative trophic levels based onδ^(15)N were different with that classified by feeding behaviors.This phenomenon subsequently demonstrated that it should be considered thoughtfully with respect to the application of the traditional method for understanding Hg bioaccumulation power by the slope of log_(10)[Hg]withδ^(15)N regression in specific water body(i.e.,Changshou Lake).In addition,no significant linear correlation between Hg and body weight or length of some fish species was observed,suggesting that the fish growth in the eutrophic environment was disproportionate with Hg bioaccumulation,and fish length or weight was not the main factor affecting Hg transfer with food web.The occurrence of human disturbance in aquatic system presents a challenge to a better understanding of the Hg bioaccumulation and biomagnification within the food chain.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51622901 , 51709225 )the Young Scientific Research Innovation Team Project of Xi'an University of Technology (No. 104/256051715 )。
文摘Trace metal contamination in water and bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms are human health risks of increasing concern. However, the bioaccumulation of trace metals in the organs of the mussel Cristaria plicata in Dongting Lake, China and the human health risks of mussel consumption are largely unknown. We investigated the concentrations of 15 trace metals and metalloids in surface water, sediments, and C. plicata organs(foot, gill, mantle, and visceral mass) and quantified the bioaccumulation and human health risk of these trace metals in specimens collected from Dongting Lake. The concentrations of most metals in surface water exceeded previously published background values. In contrast, the concentrations of most metals in sediments showed a decreasing trend. Overall, the metal concentrations in the gill and visceral masses of C. plicata were higher than those in the foot and mantle, and higher bioaccumulation capacities were observed for essential metals than for nonessential metals. The mean concentrations of the trace elements Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Cu, and Cr in C. plicata foot samples were lower than the threshold values established by international and Chinese organizations. The estimated daily intake(EDI) values of the essential metal Mn in C. plicata foot was higher than the recommended tolerable daily intake(TDI) values for juveniles. Only Mn for juveniles and As for both juveniles and adults may pose noncarcinogenic health risks through foot consumption. The hazard index(HI) values for adults and juveniles were higher than 1, suggesting significant risks of noncarcinogenic effects to humans by exposure to multiple metals.
