A binary eutectic mixture composed of tetradecanol(TD)and myristic acid(MA)was maximally absorbed into the microstructures of expanded perlite(EP)and expanded vermiculite(EVMT),respectively,through a self-made vacuum ...A binary eutectic mixture composed of tetradecanol(TD)and myristic acid(MA)was maximally absorbed into the microstructures of expanded perlite(EP)and expanded vermiculite(EVMT),respectively,through a self-made vacuum adsorption roller to prepare phase change material(PCM)particle(PCP).Then EP and EVMT-based composite PCM plates were respectively fabricated through a mold pressing method.The thermal property,chemical stability,microstructure and durability were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermal cycling tests,respectively.The results show that both PCPs have high latent heats with 110 J/g for EP-based PCP and more than 130 J/g for EVMT-based PCP,compact microstructure without PCM leakage,stable chemical property and good durability.The research results have proved the feasibility for the vacuum adsorption roller used in the composite PCM fabrication.Results of thermal storage performance experiment indicate that the fabricated PCM plates have better thermal inertia than common building materials,and the thermal storage performance of PCM plates has nonlinearly changed with outside air velocity and temperature increase.Therefore,PCM plates show a significant potential for the practical application of building thermal storage.展开更多
The effective and low-temperature extraction of lithium from the pyrometallurgical slag of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)remains a great challenge.Herein,potassium carbonate/sodium carbonate(K_(2)CO_(3)/Na_(2)CO_(3...The effective and low-temperature extraction of lithium from the pyrometallurgical slag of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)remains a great challenge.Herein,potassium carbonate/sodium carbonate(K_(2)CO_(3)/Na_(2)CO_(3)),which could form a eutectic molten salt system at 720℃,was used as a roasting agent to extract lithium from pyrometallurgical slag.Lithium was successfully extracted from the slag by K_(2)CO_(3)/Na_(2)CO_(3) roasting followed by water leaching.Theoretical calculation results indicate that the lengths of Li-O bonds increase after K^(+)/Na^(+)adsorption,resulting in the easy release of Li^(+)from the LiAlSi_(2)O_(6) lattice after roasting with K_(2)CO_(3)/Na_(2)CO_(3).Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that the eutectic phenomenon of K_(2)CO_(3) and Na_(2)CO_(3) could be observed at 720℃ and that the reaction of the slag and eutectic molten salts occurs at temperatures above 720℃.X-ray diffraction results suggest that Li^(+)in the slag is exchanged by K^(+)in K_(2)CO_(3) with the concurrent formation of KAlSiO_(4),while Na_(2)CO_(3) mainly functions as a fluxing agent.The lithium extraction efficiency can reach 93.87%under the optimal conditions of a roasting temperature of 740℃,roasting time of 30 min,leaching temperature of 50℃,leaching time of 40 min,and water/roasted sample mass ratio of 10:1.This work provides a new system for extracting lithium from the pyrometallurgical slag of spent LIBs.展开更多
Effectively extracting lithium at a relatively low temperature from the slag produced by the pyrometallurgical treatment of spent lithium-ion batteries remains a great challenge,which limits the acquirement of lithium...Effectively extracting lithium at a relatively low temperature from the slag produced by the pyrometallurgical treatment of spent lithium-ion batteries remains a great challenge,which limits the acquirement of lithium.Herein,we proposed a eutectic system to roast slag at a lower temperature based on sodium sulfate-sodium chloride(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaCl)binary eutectic salts.The optimal roasting conditions are as follows:the slag was roasted at 750℃with a(SO_(4)^(2-)+Cl^(-))/Li+molar ratio of 5:1 for 120 min.Followed by aqueous leaching 5 min at room temperature with a water/roasted samples mass ratio of 30:1,it can get 97.07%lithium extraction efficiency.展开更多
In order to obtain the suitable phase change material（PCM） with low phase change temperature and improve its heat transfer rate, experimental investigation was conducted. Firstly, different mass ratios of lauric aci...In order to obtain the suitable phase change material（PCM） with low phase change temperature and improve its heat transfer rate, experimental investigation was conducted. Firstly, different mass ratios of lauric acid（LA） and stearic acid（SA） eutectic mixtures were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. Then, the performance of eutectic mixture during charging process under different fin widths in vertical condition, and performance during charging and discharging processes under different inlet temperature heat transfer fluid（HTF） in horizontal condition were investigated, respectively. The results revealed that the LA-SA eutectic mixture had the suitable phase change temperature and desired latent heat for low-temperature water floor heating system. Wide fins and high inlet temperature HTF significantly enhanced the transfer rate and decreased the melting time.展开更多
It is found that the anomalous eutectics can be separated on macroscopic scale by flow caused by electromagnetic stirring, and the separated phase is the leading faceted phase with the solution entropy over 23 J/(mol&...It is found that the anomalous eutectics can be separated on macroscopic scale by flow caused by electromagnetic stirring, and the separated phase is the leading faceted phase with the solution entropy over 23 J/(mol·K). By using this technology, a new kind of composite pipe and gear with good abrasive properties were made without adding any reinforced particles. Emphases were paid on the researches about formation mechanism of separated eutectic and abrasive property of the composite pipe or gear. The result shows that the entropy of solution controlling the eutectic microstructure is also valid and useful as a criterion of separated eutectic, and the kind and its chemical scope of the off-eutectic used to make composite can be calculated according to this theory.展开更多
A novel method,bath smelting process,was developed to treat molybdenite concentrate aiming at the existing problems of traditional process.To understand the dissolving behavior of MoS2 in white matte,the binary phase ...A novel method,bath smelting process,was developed to treat molybdenite concentrate aiming at the existing problems of traditional process.To understand the dissolving behavior of MoS2 in white matte,the binary phase diagram of Cu2S-Mo2S was measured by the cooling curve method.The result shows that this system is a simple binary eutectic with a eutectic temperature of（1117.0±3.0）℃ and a eutectic composition of（1.70±0.20）% MoS2 in mass fraction.When the MoS2 addition exceeds 4.48%,MoS2 and Cu2S can form the ternary compound containing CuMo2S3 or Cu2Mo6S8.In the temperature range of copper smelting,1200-1300℃,molybdenite can dissolve in the cuprous sulfide.At 1200℃,the solubility of molybdenite can reach 14.8%.展开更多
The effects of different amounts of added Al, ranging from 1 % to 9 %, on the microstructure and properties of Mg-Al binary alloys were investigated. The results showed that when the amount of added Al is less than 5%...The effects of different amounts of added Al, ranging from 1 % to 9 %, on the microstructure and properties of Mg-Al binary alloys were investigated. The results showed that when the amount of added Al is less than 5%, the grain size of the Mg-Al binary alloys decreases dramatically from 3 097 μm to 151 μm with increasing addition of Al. Further addition of Al up to 9% makes the grain size decrease slowly to 111 μm. The α-Mg dendrite arms are also refined. Increasing the amount of added Al decreases the hot cracking susceptibility of the Mg-Al binary alloys remarkably, and enhances the micro-hardness of the α-Mg matrix.展开更多
The paper presents the calculation results on the construction of solidus lines of phase diagrams for some binary metal systems based on cadmium, zinc and tellurium. The investigations have been carried out using the ...The paper presents the calculation results on the construction of solidus lines of phase diagrams for some binary metal systems based on cadmium, zinc and tellurium. The investigations have been carried out using the phase equilibrium thermodynamics and known liquidus lines. By the calculation method the solidus lines of phase diagrams of the Cd-Na, Cd-Tl, Te-Ga, Te-As, Te-Cu and Zn-Sn systems were constructed in the temperature range from the base component melting point to the eutectic transformation temperature. In the Cd-Tl, Te-As, Te-Cu and Zn-Sn systems a retrograde solubility of the second component in the solid phase was observed. The temperature and maximum solubility values at the retrograde behavior of solidus lines, as well as, the limiting solubility values of components at eutectic transformation in the systems based on Cd, Zn and Te were determined.展开更多
The temperature-dependent rheological behaviors of five selected binary eutectic mixture sugar alcohols,with great potential for latent heat storage in the range of 353.15 K to 523.15 K,were investigated.It was found ...The temperature-dependent rheological behaviors of five selected binary eutectic mixture sugar alcohols,with great potential for latent heat storage in the range of 353.15 K to 523.15 K,were investigated.It was found that the rheological behaviors of the mixture sugar alcohols depend on those of the pure compounds as well as their molar ratios.The two mixtures of xylitol(75 mol%)+erythritol and erythritol(84 mol%)+d-mannitol behave like pseudoplastic fluids with typical non-Newtonian shear-thinning behaviors,as indicated by the power law index of 0.99(<1).The mixture of d-mannitol(70 mol%)+d-dulcitol is a nonlinear Bingham fluid,exhibiting a slight yield stress(0.001 Pa to 0.01 Pa)at low shear rates.The rest two mixtures containing the cyclic-structured inositol behave like Herschel-Bulkley fluids.The infinite shear viscosities of the eutectic mixtures over the entire temperature range appear to be higher than those of their respective pure compounds,except for inositol.The mixture of xylitol(75 mol%)+erythritol at its melting point shows higher dynamic viscosity of about 0.546 Pa·s than the values of about 0.396 Pa·s and 0.035 Pa·s for xylitol and erythritol,respectively.In addition,the activation energies of viscous flow of the mixtures,as determined by fitting the dynamic viscosity-temperature curves using the Arrhenius model,also exhibit higher values than those of their pure compounds.The activation energy of viscous flow of the mixture xylitol(75 mol%)+erythritol was determined to be about 92400 J/mol in the supercooled liquid state,while the supercooled liquid xylitol and erythritol have much lower values of 83500 J/mol and 51900 J/mol,respectively.Both the increased dynamic viscosities and activation energies of viscous flow can result in deteriorated crystallization performance during latent heat retrieval.展开更多
基金Project(51408184)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(E2017202136)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China+1 种基金Project(BSBE2017-05)supported by Opening Funds of State Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Built Environment and National Engineering Research Center of Building Technology,ChinaProject(QG2018-3)supported by Hebei Provincial Department of Transportation,China
文摘A binary eutectic mixture composed of tetradecanol(TD)and myristic acid(MA)was maximally absorbed into the microstructures of expanded perlite(EP)and expanded vermiculite(EVMT),respectively,through a self-made vacuum adsorption roller to prepare phase change material(PCM)particle(PCP).Then EP and EVMT-based composite PCM plates were respectively fabricated through a mold pressing method.The thermal property,chemical stability,microstructure and durability were characterized by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and thermal cycling tests,respectively.The results show that both PCPs have high latent heats with 110 J/g for EP-based PCP and more than 130 J/g for EVMT-based PCP,compact microstructure without PCM leakage,stable chemical property and good durability.The research results have proved the feasibility for the vacuum adsorption roller used in the composite PCM fabrication.Results of thermal storage performance experiment indicate that the fabricated PCM plates have better thermal inertia than common building materials,and the thermal storage performance of PCM plates has nonlinearly changed with outside air velocity and temperature increase.Therefore,PCM plates show a significant potential for the practical application of building thermal storage.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21276022)。
文摘The effective and low-temperature extraction of lithium from the pyrometallurgical slag of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)remains a great challenge.Herein,potassium carbonate/sodium carbonate(K_(2)CO_(3)/Na_(2)CO_(3)),which could form a eutectic molten salt system at 720℃,was used as a roasting agent to extract lithium from pyrometallurgical slag.Lithium was successfully extracted from the slag by K_(2)CO_(3)/Na_(2)CO_(3) roasting followed by water leaching.Theoretical calculation results indicate that the lengths of Li-O bonds increase after K^(+)/Na^(+)adsorption,resulting in the easy release of Li^(+)from the LiAlSi_(2)O_(6) lattice after roasting with K_(2)CO_(3)/Na_(2)CO_(3).Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry results indicate that the eutectic phenomenon of K_(2)CO_(3) and Na_(2)CO_(3) could be observed at 720℃ and that the reaction of the slag and eutectic molten salts occurs at temperatures above 720℃.X-ray diffraction results suggest that Li^(+)in the slag is exchanged by K^(+)in K_(2)CO_(3) with the concurrent formation of KAlSiO_(4),while Na_(2)CO_(3) mainly functions as a fluxing agent.The lithium extraction efficiency can reach 93.87%under the optimal conditions of a roasting temperature of 740℃,roasting time of 30 min,leaching temperature of 50℃,leaching time of 40 min,and water/roasted sample mass ratio of 10:1.This work provides a new system for extracting lithium from the pyrometallurgical slag of spent LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(21276022).
文摘Effectively extracting lithium at a relatively low temperature from the slag produced by the pyrometallurgical treatment of spent lithium-ion batteries remains a great challenge,which limits the acquirement of lithium.Herein,we proposed a eutectic system to roast slag at a lower temperature based on sodium sulfate-sodium chloride(Na_(2)SO_(4)-NaCl)binary eutectic salts.The optimal roasting conditions are as follows:the slag was roasted at 750℃with a(SO_(4)^(2-)+Cl^(-))/Li+molar ratio of 5:1 for 120 min.Followed by aqueous leaching 5 min at room temperature with a water/roasted samples mass ratio of 30:1,it can get 97.07%lithium extraction efficiency.
基金Funded by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51432007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016 YFC0700201)+1 种基金the Science,Technology Support Program of Hubei Province(Nos.2014BAA134 and 2015BAA107)the Postdoctoral Fund of China(2017M612629)
文摘In order to obtain the suitable phase change material（PCM） with low phase change temperature and improve its heat transfer rate, experimental investigation was conducted. Firstly, different mass ratios of lauric acid（LA） and stearic acid（SA） eutectic mixtures were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. Then, the performance of eutectic mixture during charging process under different fin widths in vertical condition, and performance during charging and discharging processes under different inlet temperature heat transfer fluid（HTF） in horizontal condition were investigated, respectively. The results revealed that the LA-SA eutectic mixture had the suitable phase change temperature and desired latent heat for low-temperature water floor heating system. Wide fins and high inlet temperature HTF significantly enhanced the transfer rate and decreased the melting time.
文摘It is found that the anomalous eutectics can be separated on macroscopic scale by flow caused by electromagnetic stirring, and the separated phase is the leading faceted phase with the solution entropy over 23 J/(mol·K). By using this technology, a new kind of composite pipe and gear with good abrasive properties were made without adding any reinforced particles. Emphases were paid on the researches about formation mechanism of separated eutectic and abrasive property of the composite pipe or gear. The result shows that the entropy of solution controlling the eutectic microstructure is also valid and useful as a criterion of separated eutectic, and the kind and its chemical scope of the off-eutectic used to make composite can be calculated according to this theory.
基金Project(50974137)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A novel method,bath smelting process,was developed to treat molybdenite concentrate aiming at the existing problems of traditional process.To understand the dissolving behavior of MoS2 in white matte,the binary phase diagram of Cu2S-Mo2S was measured by the cooling curve method.The result shows that this system is a simple binary eutectic with a eutectic temperature of（1117.0±3.0）℃ and a eutectic composition of（1.70±0.20）% MoS2 in mass fraction.When the MoS2 addition exceeds 4.48%,MoS2 and Cu2S can form the ternary compound containing CuMo2S3 or Cu2Mo6S8.In the temperature range of copper smelting,1200-1300℃,molybdenite can dissolve in the cuprous sulfide.At 1200℃,the solubility of molybdenite can reach 14.8%.
文摘The effects of different amounts of added Al, ranging from 1 % to 9 %, on the microstructure and properties of Mg-Al binary alloys were investigated. The results showed that when the amount of added Al is less than 5%, the grain size of the Mg-Al binary alloys decreases dramatically from 3 097 μm to 151 μm with increasing addition of Al. Further addition of Al up to 9% makes the grain size decrease slowly to 111 μm. The α-Mg dendrite arms are also refined. Increasing the amount of added Al decreases the hot cracking susceptibility of the Mg-Al binary alloys remarkably, and enhances the micro-hardness of the α-Mg matrix.
文摘The paper presents the calculation results on the construction of solidus lines of phase diagrams for some binary metal systems based on cadmium, zinc and tellurium. The investigations have been carried out using the phase equilibrium thermodynamics and known liquidus lines. By the calculation method the solidus lines of phase diagrams of the Cd-Na, Cd-Tl, Te-Ga, Te-As, Te-Cu and Zn-Sn systems were constructed in the temperature range from the base component melting point to the eutectic transformation temperature. In the Cd-Tl, Te-As, Te-Cu and Zn-Sn systems a retrograde solubility of the second component in the solid phase was observed. The temperature and maximum solubility values at the retrograde behavior of solidus lines, as well as, the limiting solubility values of components at eutectic transformation in the systems based on Cd, Zn and Te were determined.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51979246)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LR17E060001).
文摘The temperature-dependent rheological behaviors of five selected binary eutectic mixture sugar alcohols,with great potential for latent heat storage in the range of 353.15 K to 523.15 K,were investigated.It was found that the rheological behaviors of the mixture sugar alcohols depend on those of the pure compounds as well as their molar ratios.The two mixtures of xylitol(75 mol%)+erythritol and erythritol(84 mol%)+d-mannitol behave like pseudoplastic fluids with typical non-Newtonian shear-thinning behaviors,as indicated by the power law index of 0.99(<1).The mixture of d-mannitol(70 mol%)+d-dulcitol is a nonlinear Bingham fluid,exhibiting a slight yield stress(0.001 Pa to 0.01 Pa)at low shear rates.The rest two mixtures containing the cyclic-structured inositol behave like Herschel-Bulkley fluids.The infinite shear viscosities of the eutectic mixtures over the entire temperature range appear to be higher than those of their respective pure compounds,except for inositol.The mixture of xylitol(75 mol%)+erythritol at its melting point shows higher dynamic viscosity of about 0.546 Pa·s than the values of about 0.396 Pa·s and 0.035 Pa·s for xylitol and erythritol,respectively.In addition,the activation energies of viscous flow of the mixtures,as determined by fitting the dynamic viscosity-temperature curves using the Arrhenius model,also exhibit higher values than those of their pure compounds.The activation energy of viscous flow of the mixture xylitol(75 mol%)+erythritol was determined to be about 92400 J/mol in the supercooled liquid state,while the supercooled liquid xylitol and erythritol have much lower values of 83500 J/mol and 51900 J/mol,respectively.Both the increased dynamic viscosities and activation energies of viscous flow can result in deteriorated crystallization performance during latent heat retrieval.
