BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent affective disorder,but its pathophysiology remains unclear.Dysfunction in the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-ergic system may contribute to its onset.Recently,antidepressants(e.g.,b...BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent affective disorder,but its pathophysiology remains unclear.Dysfunction in the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-ergic system may contribute to its onset.Recently,antidepressants(e.g.,brexanolone,zuranolone)targeting the GABA-A receptor were introduced.The zona incerta(ZI),an inhibitory subthalamic region mainly composed of GABAergic neurons,has been implicated in emotional regulation.Deep brain stimulation of the ZI in humans affects anxiety and depression symptoms,while activation of ZI neurons in mice can either worsen or alleviate anxiety.Currently,there is no direct evidence linking GABAergic neurons in the ZI to depression-like behaviors in rodents.AIM To explore the relationship between GABAergic neurons in the ZI and depression-like behaviors in mice.METHODS A chronic restraint stress(CRS)model was utilized to induce depression in mice.Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings assessed the excitability changes of GABAergic neurons in the ZI.Additionally,chemogenetic techniques were employed to modulate ZI GABAergic neurons.The performance of the mice in behavioral tests for depression and anxiety was observed.RESULTS The findings indicated that GABAergic neurons in the ZI were closely associated with depression-like behaviors in mice.Twenty-eight days after the CRS model was established,depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors were observed in the mice.The excitability of GABAergic neurons in the ZI was reduced.Chemogenetic activation of these neurons alleviated CRS-induced depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors.Conversely,inhibition of GABAergic neurons in the ZI led to changes in emotion-related behavioral outcomes in mice.CONCLUSION Activity of GABAergic neurons in the ZI was closely associated with depression-like phenotypes in mice,suggesting that these neurons could be a potential therapeutic target for treating depression.展开更多
Effects of the strain rate on cement paste, mortar and concrete were studied. A modified SHPB testing technique with fl attened Brazilian disc（FBD） specimen was developed to measure the dynamic tensile stress-strain...Effects of the strain rate on cement paste, mortar and concrete were studied. A modified SHPB testing technique with fl attened Brazilian disc（FBD） specimen was developed to measure the dynamic tensile stress-strain curve of materials. A pulse-shaped split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） was employed to determine the dynamic tensile mechanical responses and failure behavior of materials under valid dynamic testing conditions. Quasi-static experiments were conducted to study material strain rate sensitivity. Strain rate sensitivity of the materials was measured in terms of the stress-strain curve, elastic modulus, tensile strength and critical strain at peak stress. Empirical relations between dynamic increase factor（DIF） and the material properties were derived and presented.展开更多
The miscibility and phase behavior of the blends of polyoxymethylene (POM)/Novolak were investigated by the cloud point method, which showed that the POM/Novolak blends exhibited a lower critical solution temperature....The miscibility and phase behavior of the blends of polyoxymethylene (POM)/Novolak were investigated by the cloud point method, which showed that the POM/Novolak blends exhibited a lower critical solution temperature. The melting point of POM decreased when diluted with Novolak. From the melting temperature depression of POM, a negative interaction parameter (x) between POM and Novolak was obtained. The IR spectrum revealed that the miscibility between POM and Novolak was caused by the specific interaction between the OH groups of Novolak and the ether oxygen atoms of POM. The morphology of the blends investigated by polarized light microscopy showed that the size of spherulites of POM was sharply decreased by its mixing with Novolak. This suggests that Novolak be used as a compatibilizer for POM.展开更多
The voltammetric behavior of indigo carmine at mercury film electrode on a silver substrate (MFES) was studied in this paper. It was found that indigo carmine gave a sensitive reduction peak at a potential (Vp) of -0....The voltammetric behavior of indigo carmine at mercury film electrode on a silver substrate (MFES) was studied in this paper. It was found that indigo carmine gave a sensitive reduction peak at a potential (Vp) of -0.11 V at pH 4.0 in aqueous solution. The MFES gave good reproducibility and life time. The peak currents (ip) depended lipearly on the concentrations of indigo carmine free 0 to 100 ng/ml. The Vp and Ip of indigo carmine at MFES were independent of the concentrations of amaranth at pH 4.0, the Vp of amaranth was -0.24 V at this pH. The differences of Vp between both colorants enabled to distinguish indigo carmine free amaranth.展开更多
Emulsion of waxy crude oil is one of the common states in the subsea pipeline. At low temperatures in offshore environment, waxy crude oils with water could form the crude oil emulsion gel of oil-in-water emulsion. Th...Emulsion of waxy crude oil is one of the common states in the subsea pipeline. At low temperatures in offshore environment, waxy crude oils with water could form the crude oil emulsion gel of oil-in-water emulsion. Thus, the waxy crude oil emulsion viscoelastic behavior for deep sea transportation and restarting pipeline safety is particularly important. By means of MASIII HAAKE rheometer which is produced by German company, waxy crude oil emulsion viscoelastic behavior is explored at different volumetric water contents and different shear stresses. By analyzing the rate of change of shear rate in the initial stage, the influence rules of viscoelastic properties were summarized, with the change of volumetric water content and the applied shear stress and based on the experimental results, the law of emulsion is explained from the micro level. It is proposed that brittle fracture exists between wax crystals, and flexible fracture was found in the interaction between water droplets and wax crystals.展开更多
This investigation describes the one step preparation of potassium carbonate by electrolysis of potas-sium chloride solution in electrolyzers with various Nation membranes.Potassium bicarbonate solution wasfed to the ...This investigation describes the one step preparation of potassium carbonate by electrolysis of potas-sium chloride solution in electrolyzers with various Nation membranes.Potassium bicarbonate solution wasfed to the cathode compartment,where it was converted into carbonate by reaction with the hydroxideformed at cathode.Because of the low OH^- concentration in the cathode compartment,the back migrationof OH^- through the membrane was almost negligible,resulting in a higher current efficiency,say 90% or more.In this study,electroconductivity,mass transfer,current efficiency and cell voltage were measured.Thefeasibility of the process was discussed and the optimal conditions examined.展开更多
In this paper,a series of major policy decisions used to improve the power grid reliability,reduce the risk and losses of major power outages,and realize the modernization of 21st century power grid are discussed. The...In this paper,a series of major policy decisions used to improve the power grid reliability,reduce the risk and losses of major power outages,and realize the modernization of 21st century power grid are discussed. These decisions were adopted by American government and would also be helpful for the strategic development of Chinese power grid. It is proposed that China should take precaution,carry out security research on the overall dynamic behaviour characteristics of the UHV grid using the complexity theory,and finally provide safeguard for the Chinese UHV grid. It is also pointed out that,due to the lack of matured approaches to controll a cascading failure,the primary duty of a system operator is to work as a "watchdog" for the grid operation security,eliminate the cumulative effect and reduce the risk and losses of major cascading outages with the help of EMS and WAMS.展开更多
Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in ...Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in combination was tested in corneal kindling model in mice,which is a cost-effective mechanism for screening of antiseizure drugs.Methods:The impact of lacosamide(5 mg/kg)and perampanel(0.125 mg/kg)alone and their combination was tested in corneal kindling process(3-mA current for 3 s applied twice daily for consecutive 12 days)in male BALB/c mice.Post-kindling,mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests assessing anxiety,memory,and depression-like behaviors.Brain tissues were then harvested for analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:Our results showed that the combination therapy of lacosamide and perampanel was more effective in reducing seizure progression than monotherapy of these drugs.Animals treated with combination therapy showed significant behavioral improvements,as reduced anxiety and depression were noticed,and their cognitive abilities were notably better compared to animals of all other groups.Moreover,biochemical assays of isolated brains from combination-treated group revealed lesser amount of oxidative stress.In addition,outcomes of dual regime were comparable to the phenytoin in seizure control but showed superior benefits in mitigation of kindling-prompted behavioral dysfunction and oxidative stress.Conclusions:This study suggests that the lacosamide and perampanel combination therapy worked noticeably better in halting the corneal kindling process in mice and improved the epilepsy-associated psychiatric disorders that might be due to antioxidant effects of both drugs.展开更多
l- ions behavior in Ag(SO_3)3-2 solution was studied. The mechanism of Ag particles formation in the solution was discussed, and factors affecting its formation were investigated.
In view of the extensive bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis, we used a commonly utilized animal model to detect behavioral changes in pain-related and the bone damage during the early disease, and to explore the corr...In view of the extensive bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis, we used a commonly utilized animal model to detect behavioral changes in pain-related and the bone damage during the early disease, and to explore the correlation between bone damage and pain-related behavioral changes. Methods： Arthritis were induced in Sprague-Dawley （SD） male rats by injecting complete Freund＇s adjuvant （CFA） into the tails. Pain-related behavior changes were studied using the Hargreaves, VonFrey, and acetone tests on the 0, 7, 14, day and 28 day after CFA injection. The rats were sacrificed according the same schedule. The bone damage of the right proximal tibia was studied by microCT scan and bone histological slices. Results： Animals developed soft tissue inflammation and polyarthritis on 7 days after CFA injection, and arthritic score proved obvious arthritis were established within the study period. Mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia were present in the affected hind paw from the 7 day through the 28 day, but the heat hyperalgesia and the mechanical allodynia lasted a short time after CFA injection. Trabecular bone number （Tb.N）, Tissue Mineral Content （TMC） and Bone Volume to Tissue Volume （BV/TV） in the proximal tibia by microCT scan were also reduced after induction, especial 14 days after CFA injection. The bone histologicalslices showed the trabecular bone and proteoglycan diminished, the bone damage severity scores became more severely on the 7 day after CFA injection. Using analysis of covariance, these changes had statistical significance compared with baseline. By linear regression analysis demonstrated mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia correlated well with arthritic score, bone damage parameters and bone damage severity scores. Conclusion： Adjuvant-induced arthritis （AA） were observed after CFA injection and lasted within the later experimental period. Pain-related behavioral changes were observed in the early time of AA. Bone damage was also occurred with arthritis development. Pain-related behavioral change correlated well with arthritic score and bone damage parameters展开更多
＂Using technology to support learning＂ gradually becomes the main trend of technology application and technology-curriculum integration at home and abroad. The empirical research based on newly-established universit...＂Using technology to support learning＂ gradually becomes the main trend of technology application and technology-curriculum integration at home and abroad. The empirical research based on newly-established universities shows that college students＇ usage intention on network course and study behavior is not real. Study behavior of network course is passive and outside stimulation. They are more concerned about the usefulness and relative advantages of the learning mode in the network course learning; however, learning environment of the network course at present still is given on material and tool level. The institutions should, in compliance with the trend of higher education development in the world, actively build learning environment to meet the learning needs of students in the information age, deepen the reform of information technology application and curriculum based on the learner-centered concept, focus on the training of initiative learning of college students, put community impact into full play to promote the integration of the superiority of the material platform and initiative, and finally improve the efficiency and quality of teaching and education.展开更多
The rate of voltammetric reduction of Eu(Ⅲ)in acetate solution was increased by the formation of a complex with ribose,lyxose or arabinose.If a ternary complex of Eu(Ⅲ)-D-ribose-L-phenylanaline formed on the surface...The rate of voltammetric reduction of Eu(Ⅲ)in acetate solution was increased by the formation of a complex with ribose,lyxose or arabinose.If a ternary complex of Eu(Ⅲ)-D-ribose-L-phenylanaline formed on the surface of mercury electrode,the redox process of Eu(Ⅲ)became more reversible than that of Eu(Ⅲ)-D-ribose in solution phase.展开更多
The lytropic liquid crystals in dodecanic acid diethanolamine (DAD) /n-butanol (C4OH) /octane (n-C8H18) /deuteron (D2O) system were studied to determine the phase regions and were investigated by 2H-NMR spectroscopy,o...The lytropic liquid crystals in dodecanic acid diethanolamine (DAD) /n-butanol (C4OH) /octane (n-C8H18) /deuteron (D2O) system were studied to determine the phase regions and were investigated by 2H-NMR spectroscopy,optical polarizing microscope and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) methods.The results indicate that the lamellar,hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals all exist in the above system.Keeping the weight ratio of DAD and C4OH constant,the microphase Structure,2H quadruple splitting and the interlayer spacing are all changed with the addition of deuteron.展开更多
Focus on customer experience has proven to be one of the most important tools for the acceptance of the message of a brand by Millennials （Generation Y）. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how Generation Y infl...Focus on customer experience has proven to be one of the most important tools for the acceptance of the message of a brand by Millennials （Generation Y）. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how Generation Y influences, through their behavior and customs, the decisions to be made by the marketing area of companies. In this sense, the study seeks to demonstrate this situation by addressing the running market, which is consistently growing in Brazil and has unexplored niches, as in the case of a group of young runners who belong to Generation Y that called the attention of Nike＇s running segment, and was the focus of this research study. The case study was conducted by the qualitative method, based on an empirical investigation, in addition to a literature review. In this sense, it addressed the emergence of Generation Y, and how was the progress of the media that monitored it during this transition, going through multi-platform advertising. This approach is followed by a study of the running market and the role of Nike in it, how the project emerged and its relationship with Generation Y＇s behavior.展开更多
Objective To investigate the changes in cortical excitability and inhibitory circuits of patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia(bv FTD)using transcranial magnetic stimulati...Objective To investigate the changes in cortical excitability and inhibitory circuits of patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia(bv FTD)using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).Methods Forty-four patients with AD,30 patients with bv FTD and 44 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.The epidemiological data展开更多
Postpartum depression(PPD)represents a important emotional disorder emerging after childbirth,characterized by its complex etiology and challenging management.Despite extensive preclinical and clinical investigations ...Postpartum depression(PPD)represents a important emotional disorder emerging after childbirth,characterized by its complex etiology and challenging management.Despite extensive preclinical and clinical investigations underscoring the role of estrogen fluctuations and estrogen receptor genes in PPD,the precise mechanisms underpinning this condition have remained elusive.In our present study,animal behavioral studies have elucidated a tight link between the aberrant expression of ESR2,miR-10a-5p,and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of mice exhibiting postpartum depressive-like behavior,shedding light on the potential molecular pathways involved.Integrating bioinformatics,in vivo,and cell transfection methodologies has unraveled the intricate molecular interplay between ESR2,miR-10a-5p,and BDNF.We identified ESR2 as a negative transcription factor that down-regulates miR-10a transcription,while miR-10a-5p serves as a negative regulator that suppresses BDNF expression.This molecular triad contributes to the pathogenesis of PPD by affecting synaptic plasticity,as evidenced by alterations in synapse-related proteins(e.g.,SYP,SYN,and PSD95)and glutamate receptor expression.Additionally,primary neuron culture studies have confirmed the critical roles of ESR2 and miR-10a-5p in maintaining neuronal growth and morphology.Therapeutic interventions,including stereotactic and intranasal administration of antagomir or BDNF,have demonstrated significant potential in treating PPD,highlighting the therapeutic implications of targeting the negative transcriptional and regulatory interactions between ESR2,miR-10a-5p,and BDNF.Our findings endorse the hypothesis that estrogen fluctuations and estrogen receptor gene activity are pivotal stressors and risk factors for PPD,affecting central nervous system functionality and precipitating depressive behaviors postpartum.展开更多
Ultrashort laser pulses can serve as fast probes to record instant events.The isolated attosecond pulses(IAPs)generated from high-order harmonic generation(HHG)have been shortened down to about 2 atomic units in time,...Ultrashort laser pulses can serve as fast probes to record instant events.The isolated attosecond pulses(IAPs)generated from high-order harmonic generation(HHG)have been shortened down to about 2 atomic units in time,empowering us to study quantum behaviors of electrons in atoms,molecules,and solids with unprecedented time resolution.Following the cutoff energy law of HHG,the shortest IAP reported so far is driven with short-wavelength infrared(SWIR)pulses,which require additional broadband frequency conversion techniques and raise the bar for attosecond researches.Here,we show that with fewcycle near-infrared(NIR)laser pulses,IAP with pulse duration of 51±4 as is generated during 1-fs linear polarization gate formed by generalized double optical gating(GDOG)technique.The characterization is done with attosecond streak camera,and phase reconstruction is performed with quick phase retrieval by omega oscillation filtering(qPROOF).Furthermore,we show that the IAP generation favors certain carrier envelope phases(CEPs)in the narrow gate,i.e.,IAP is only efficiently produced for certain CEPs,which eliminates the requirement of CEP stabilization.The demonstrated scheme for IAP generation in principle has much higher conversion efficiency than the long-wave driver scheme according to the wavelength scaling law of HHG.Our work suggests an alternative way to generate ultrashort IAPs by applying GDOG on few-cycle free-CEP NIR driving pulses,and is thereby of great importance to facilitate the development of attosecond science and technology.展开更多
Microvasculature plays a crucial role in human physiology and is closely related to various human diseases.Building in vitro vascular networks is essential for studying vascular tissue behavior with repeatable morphol...Microvasculature plays a crucial role in human physiology and is closely related to various human diseases.Building in vitro vascular networks is essential for studying vascular tissue behavior with repeatable morphology and signaling conditions.Engineered 3D microvascular network models,developed through advanced microfluidic-based techniques,provide accurate and reproducible platforms for studying the microvasculature in vitro,an essential component for designing organ-on-chips to achieve greater biological relevance.By optimizing the microstructure of microfluidic devices to closely mimic the in vivo microenvironment,organ-specific models with healthy and pathological microvascular tissues can be created.This review summarizes recent advancements in in vitro strategies for constructing microvascular tissue and microfluidic devices.It discusses the static vascularization chips’classification,structural characteristics,and the various techniques used to build them:growing blood vessels on chips can be either static or dynamic,and in vitro blood vessels can be grown in microchannels,elastic membranes,and hydrogels.Finally,the paper discusses the application scenarios and key technical issues of existing vascularization chips.It also explores the potential for a novel organoid chip vascularization approach that combines organoids and organ chips to generate better vascularization chips.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Xiaogan,China,No.XGKJ2023010036.
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent affective disorder,but its pathophysiology remains unclear.Dysfunction in the gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)-ergic system may contribute to its onset.Recently,antidepressants(e.g.,brexanolone,zuranolone)targeting the GABA-A receptor were introduced.The zona incerta(ZI),an inhibitory subthalamic region mainly composed of GABAergic neurons,has been implicated in emotional regulation.Deep brain stimulation of the ZI in humans affects anxiety and depression symptoms,while activation of ZI neurons in mice can either worsen or alleviate anxiety.Currently,there is no direct evidence linking GABAergic neurons in the ZI to depression-like behaviors in rodents.AIM To explore the relationship between GABAergic neurons in the ZI and depression-like behaviors in mice.METHODS A chronic restraint stress(CRS)model was utilized to induce depression in mice.Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings assessed the excitability changes of GABAergic neurons in the ZI.Additionally,chemogenetic techniques were employed to modulate ZI GABAergic neurons.The performance of the mice in behavioral tests for depression and anxiety was observed.RESULTS The findings indicated that GABAergic neurons in the ZI were closely associated with depression-like behaviors in mice.Twenty-eight days after the CRS model was established,depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors were observed in the mice.The excitability of GABAergic neurons in the ZI was reduced.Chemogenetic activation of these neurons alleviated CRS-induced depression-like and anxiety-like behaviors.Conversely,inhibition of GABAergic neurons in the ZI led to changes in emotion-related behavioral outcomes in mice.CONCLUSION Activity of GABAergic neurons in the ZI was closely associated with depression-like phenotypes in mice,suggesting that these neurons could be a potential therapeutic target for treating depression.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51509078)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20150820)
文摘Effects of the strain rate on cement paste, mortar and concrete were studied. A modified SHPB testing technique with fl attened Brazilian disc（FBD） specimen was developed to measure the dynamic tensile stress-strain curve of materials. A pulse-shaped split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） was employed to determine the dynamic tensile mechanical responses and failure behavior of materials under valid dynamic testing conditions. Quasi-static experiments were conducted to study material strain rate sensitivity. Strain rate sensitivity of the materials was measured in terms of the stress-strain curve, elastic modulus, tensile strength and critical strain at peak stress. Empirical relations between dynamic increase factor（DIF） and the material properties were derived and presented.
文摘The miscibility and phase behavior of the blends of polyoxymethylene (POM)/Novolak were investigated by the cloud point method, which showed that the POM/Novolak blends exhibited a lower critical solution temperature. The melting point of POM decreased when diluted with Novolak. From the melting temperature depression of POM, a negative interaction parameter (x) between POM and Novolak was obtained. The IR spectrum revealed that the miscibility between POM and Novolak was caused by the specific interaction between the OH groups of Novolak and the ether oxygen atoms of POM. The morphology of the blends investigated by polarized light microscopy showed that the size of spherulites of POM was sharply decreased by its mixing with Novolak. This suggests that Novolak be used as a compatibilizer for POM.
文摘The voltammetric behavior of indigo carmine at mercury film electrode on a silver substrate (MFES) was studied in this paper. It was found that indigo carmine gave a sensitive reduction peak at a potential (Vp) of -0.11 V at pH 4.0 in aqueous solution. The MFES gave good reproducibility and life time. The peak currents (ip) depended lipearly on the concentrations of indigo carmine free 0 to 100 ng/ml. The Vp and Ip of indigo carmine at MFES were independent of the concentrations of amaranth at pH 4.0, the Vp of amaranth was -0.24 V at this pH. The differences of Vp between both colorants enabled to distinguish indigo carmine free amaranth.
文摘Emulsion of waxy crude oil is one of the common states in the subsea pipeline. At low temperatures in offshore environment, waxy crude oils with water could form the crude oil emulsion gel of oil-in-water emulsion. Thus, the waxy crude oil emulsion viscoelastic behavior for deep sea transportation and restarting pipeline safety is particularly important. By means of MASIII HAAKE rheometer which is produced by German company, waxy crude oil emulsion viscoelastic behavior is explored at different volumetric water contents and different shear stresses. By analyzing the rate of change of shear rate in the initial stage, the influence rules of viscoelastic properties were summarized, with the change of volumetric water content and the applied shear stress and based on the experimental results, the law of emulsion is explained from the micro level. It is proposed that brittle fracture exists between wax crystals, and flexible fracture was found in the interaction between water droplets and wax crystals.
文摘This investigation describes the one step preparation of potassium carbonate by electrolysis of potas-sium chloride solution in electrolyzers with various Nation membranes.Potassium bicarbonate solution wasfed to the cathode compartment,where it was converted into carbonate by reaction with the hydroxideformed at cathode.Because of the low OH^- concentration in the cathode compartment,the back migrationof OH^- through the membrane was almost negligible,resulting in a higher current efficiency,say 90% or more.In this study,electroconductivity,mass transfer,current efficiency and cell voltage were measured.Thefeasibility of the process was discussed and the optimal conditions examined.
文摘In this paper,a series of major policy decisions used to improve the power grid reliability,reduce the risk and losses of major power outages,and realize the modernization of 21st century power grid are discussed. These decisions were adopted by American government and would also be helpful for the strategic development of Chinese power grid. It is proposed that China should take precaution,carry out security research on the overall dynamic behaviour characteristics of the UHV grid using the complexity theory,and finally provide safeguard for the Chinese UHV grid. It is also pointed out that,due to the lack of matured approaches to controll a cascading failure,the primary duty of a system operator is to work as a "watchdog" for the grid operation security,eliminate the cumulative effect and reduce the risk and losses of major cascading outages with the help of EMS and WAMS.
基金The authors extended their appreciation to Distinguished Scientist Fellowship program at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia,for funding this work through research supporting project number(RSP2024R131).
文摘Background:Scientific evidence to guide clinicians on the use of different antiseizure drugs in combination therapy is either very limited or lacking.In this study,the impact of lacosamide and perampanel alone and in combination was tested in corneal kindling model in mice,which is a cost-effective mechanism for screening of antiseizure drugs.Methods:The impact of lacosamide(5 mg/kg)and perampanel(0.125 mg/kg)alone and their combination was tested in corneal kindling process(3-mA current for 3 s applied twice daily for consecutive 12 days)in male BALB/c mice.Post-kindling,mice were subjected to a battery of behavioral tests assessing anxiety,memory,and depression-like behaviors.Brain tissues were then harvested for analysis of oxidative stress biomarkers.Results:Our results showed that the combination therapy of lacosamide and perampanel was more effective in reducing seizure progression than monotherapy of these drugs.Animals treated with combination therapy showed significant behavioral improvements,as reduced anxiety and depression were noticed,and their cognitive abilities were notably better compared to animals of all other groups.Moreover,biochemical assays of isolated brains from combination-treated group revealed lesser amount of oxidative stress.In addition,outcomes of dual regime were comparable to the phenytoin in seizure control but showed superior benefits in mitigation of kindling-prompted behavioral dysfunction and oxidative stress.Conclusions:This study suggests that the lacosamide and perampanel combination therapy worked noticeably better in halting the corneal kindling process in mice and improved the epilepsy-associated psychiatric disorders that might be due to antioxidant effects of both drugs.
文摘l- ions behavior in Ag(SO_3)3-2 solution was studied. The mechanism of Ag particles formation in the solution was discussed, and factors affecting its formation were investigated.
文摘In view of the extensive bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis, we used a commonly utilized animal model to detect behavioral changes in pain-related and the bone damage during the early disease, and to explore the correlation between bone damage and pain-related behavioral changes. Methods： Arthritis were induced in Sprague-Dawley （SD） male rats by injecting complete Freund＇s adjuvant （CFA） into the tails. Pain-related behavior changes were studied using the Hargreaves, VonFrey, and acetone tests on the 0, 7, 14, day and 28 day after CFA injection. The rats were sacrificed according the same schedule. The bone damage of the right proximal tibia was studied by microCT scan and bone histological slices. Results： Animals developed soft tissue inflammation and polyarthritis on 7 days after CFA injection, and arthritic score proved obvious arthritis were established within the study period. Mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia were present in the affected hind paw from the 7 day through the 28 day, but the heat hyperalgesia and the mechanical allodynia lasted a short time after CFA injection. Trabecular bone number （Tb.N）, Tissue Mineral Content （TMC） and Bone Volume to Tissue Volume （BV/TV） in the proximal tibia by microCT scan were also reduced after induction, especial 14 days after CFA injection. The bone histologicalslices showed the trabecular bone and proteoglycan diminished, the bone damage severity scores became more severely on the 7 day after CFA injection. Using analysis of covariance, these changes had statistical significance compared with baseline. By linear regression analysis demonstrated mechanical hyperalgesia and cold allodynia correlated well with arthritic score, bone damage parameters and bone damage severity scores. Conclusion： Adjuvant-induced arthritis （AA） were observed after CFA injection and lasted within the later experimental period. Pain-related behavioral changes were observed in the early time of AA. Bone damage was also occurred with arthritis development. Pain-related behavioral change correlated well with arthritic score and bone damage parameters
文摘＂Using technology to support learning＂ gradually becomes the main trend of technology application and technology-curriculum integration at home and abroad. The empirical research based on newly-established universities shows that college students＇ usage intention on network course and study behavior is not real. Study behavior of network course is passive and outside stimulation. They are more concerned about the usefulness and relative advantages of the learning mode in the network course learning; however, learning environment of the network course at present still is given on material and tool level. The institutions should, in compliance with the trend of higher education development in the world, actively build learning environment to meet the learning needs of students in the information age, deepen the reform of information technology application and curriculum based on the learner-centered concept, focus on the training of initiative learning of college students, put community impact into full play to promote the integration of the superiority of the material platform and initiative, and finally improve the efficiency and quality of teaching and education.
文摘The rate of voltammetric reduction of Eu(Ⅲ)in acetate solution was increased by the formation of a complex with ribose,lyxose or arabinose.If a ternary complex of Eu(Ⅲ)-D-ribose-L-phenylanaline formed on the surface of mercury electrode,the redox process of Eu(Ⅲ)became more reversible than that of Eu(Ⅲ)-D-ribose in solution phase.
文摘The lytropic liquid crystals in dodecanic acid diethanolamine (DAD) /n-butanol (C4OH) /octane (n-C8H18) /deuteron (D2O) system were studied to determine the phase regions and were investigated by 2H-NMR spectroscopy,optical polarizing microscope and small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) methods.The results indicate that the lamellar,hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals all exist in the above system.Keeping the weight ratio of DAD and C4OH constant,the microphase Structure,2H quadruple splitting and the interlayer spacing are all changed with the addition of deuteron.
文摘Focus on customer experience has proven to be one of the most important tools for the acceptance of the message of a brand by Millennials （Generation Y）. The aim of this study is to demonstrate how Generation Y influences, through their behavior and customs, the decisions to be made by the marketing area of companies. In this sense, the study seeks to demonstrate this situation by addressing the running market, which is consistently growing in Brazil and has unexplored niches, as in the case of a group of young runners who belong to Generation Y that called the attention of Nike＇s running segment, and was the focus of this research study. The case study was conducted by the qualitative method, based on an empirical investigation, in addition to a literature review. In this sense, it addressed the emergence of Generation Y, and how was the progress of the media that monitored it during this transition, going through multi-platform advertising. This approach is followed by a study of the running market and the role of Nike in it, how the project emerged and its relationship with Generation Y＇s behavior.
文摘Objective To investigate the changes in cortical excitability and inhibitory circuits of patients with Alzheimer’s disease(AD)or behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia(bv FTD)using transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS).Methods Forty-four patients with AD,30 patients with bv FTD and 44 healthy controls were enrolled in the study.The epidemiological data
基金support of the National Science Foundation of China(nos.82071676 and 82471560)to Y.C.
文摘Postpartum depression(PPD)represents a important emotional disorder emerging after childbirth,characterized by its complex etiology and challenging management.Despite extensive preclinical and clinical investigations underscoring the role of estrogen fluctuations and estrogen receptor genes in PPD,the precise mechanisms underpinning this condition have remained elusive.In our present study,animal behavioral studies have elucidated a tight link between the aberrant expression of ESR2,miR-10a-5p,and BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of mice exhibiting postpartum depressive-like behavior,shedding light on the potential molecular pathways involved.Integrating bioinformatics,in vivo,and cell transfection methodologies has unraveled the intricate molecular interplay between ESR2,miR-10a-5p,and BDNF.We identified ESR2 as a negative transcription factor that down-regulates miR-10a transcription,while miR-10a-5p serves as a negative regulator that suppresses BDNF expression.This molecular triad contributes to the pathogenesis of PPD by affecting synaptic plasticity,as evidenced by alterations in synapse-related proteins(e.g.,SYP,SYN,and PSD95)and glutamate receptor expression.Additionally,primary neuron culture studies have confirmed the critical roles of ESR2 and miR-10a-5p in maintaining neuronal growth and morphology.Therapeutic interventions,including stereotactic and intranasal administration of antagomir or BDNF,have demonstrated significant potential in treating PPD,highlighting the therapeutic implications of targeting the negative transcriptional and regulatory interactions between ESR2,miR-10a-5p,and BDNF.Our findings endorse the hypothesis that estrogen fluctuations and estrogen receptor gene activity are pivotal stressors and risk factors for PPD,affecting central nervous system functionality and precipitating depressive behaviors postpartum.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant no.2019YFA0307703)the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.91850201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.12234020 and 11974426).
文摘Ultrashort laser pulses can serve as fast probes to record instant events.The isolated attosecond pulses(IAPs)generated from high-order harmonic generation(HHG)have been shortened down to about 2 atomic units in time,empowering us to study quantum behaviors of electrons in atoms,molecules,and solids with unprecedented time resolution.Following the cutoff energy law of HHG,the shortest IAP reported so far is driven with short-wavelength infrared(SWIR)pulses,which require additional broadband frequency conversion techniques and raise the bar for attosecond researches.Here,we show that with fewcycle near-infrared(NIR)laser pulses,IAP with pulse duration of 51±4 as is generated during 1-fs linear polarization gate formed by generalized double optical gating(GDOG)technique.The characterization is done with attosecond streak camera,and phase reconstruction is performed with quick phase retrieval by omega oscillation filtering(qPROOF).Furthermore,we show that the IAP generation favors certain carrier envelope phases(CEPs)in the narrow gate,i.e.,IAP is only efficiently produced for certain CEPs,which eliminates the requirement of CEP stabilization.The demonstrated scheme for IAP generation in principle has much higher conversion efficiency than the long-wave driver scheme according to the wavelength scaling law of HHG.Our work suggests an alternative way to generate ultrashort IAPs by applying GDOG on few-cycle free-CEP NIR driving pulses,and is thereby of great importance to facilitate the development of attosecond science and technology.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.62373235,62303290,and 62073208)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee Natural Science Foundation(no.23ZR1423700)Shanghai Municipal Education Innovation Project 2021-09-E00113.
文摘Microvasculature plays a crucial role in human physiology and is closely related to various human diseases.Building in vitro vascular networks is essential for studying vascular tissue behavior with repeatable morphology and signaling conditions.Engineered 3D microvascular network models,developed through advanced microfluidic-based techniques,provide accurate and reproducible platforms for studying the microvasculature in vitro,an essential component for designing organ-on-chips to achieve greater biological relevance.By optimizing the microstructure of microfluidic devices to closely mimic the in vivo microenvironment,organ-specific models with healthy and pathological microvascular tissues can be created.This review summarizes recent advancements in in vitro strategies for constructing microvascular tissue and microfluidic devices.It discusses the static vascularization chips’classification,structural characteristics,and the various techniques used to build them:growing blood vessels on chips can be either static or dynamic,and in vitro blood vessels can be grown in microchannels,elastic membranes,and hydrogels.Finally,the paper discusses the application scenarios and key technical issues of existing vascularization chips.It also explores the potential for a novel organoid chip vascularization approach that combines organoids and organ chips to generate better vascularization chips.
