This study explores the impact of perceived value,awe,and place attachment on tourists'environmentally responsible behavior(ERB)in desert tourism contexts,using the Singing Sands Mountain and Crescent Spring sceni...This study explores the impact of perceived value,awe,and place attachment on tourists'environmentally responsible behavior(ERB)in desert tourism contexts,using the Singing Sands Mountain and Crescent Spring scenic area in Dunhuang,China as a case study.Data were collected from 315 tourists using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through a structural equation model.Results show that perceived value and awe significantly influence ERB both directly and indirectly via place attachment.Specifically,perceived value has a stronger direct effect on ERB compared to awe,highlighting the importance of tourists'overall evaluation of the destination in promoting sustainable behaviors.The mediating role of place attachment underscores the significance of emotional connections to the environment in fostering ERB.These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable tourism management in fragile desert ecosystems.The study also highlights the importance of enhancing perceived value through high-quality services and leveraging awe-inspiring experiences to promote sustainable behaviors.展开更多
With the rapid development of rural tourism and increasing awareness of cultural preservation,traditional villages have become key destinations for modern individuals seeking cultural identity and nostalgic experience...With the rapid development of rural tourism and increasing awareness of cultural preservation,traditional villages have become key destinations for modern individuals seeking cultural identity and nostalgic experiences.Their unique cultural atmosphere,historical relics,and humanistic environments provide tourists with immersive experiences distinct from urban life.This study takes Qian gang Ancient Village as a case to explore how cultural atmosphere and nostalgia influence tourists well-being and further drive environmentally responsible behavior.The findings reveal that the cultural atmosphere and nostalgia in traditional villages significantly enhance tourists hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.Both forms of well-being are closely linked to environmentally responsible behavior,and nostalgia also directly influence such behavior.This research offers theoretical and practical insights for sustainable rural tourism management.展开更多
Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained sta...Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained stakeholder support to foster empowerment and promote local economic development. Ecotourism and conservation are among the major issues of concern in the study of community development. This study used the main five eco-tourism areas in Cambodia as examples. It looks at the connections between eco-innovations in tourism products, community engagement, co-creation experiences, support for CBET, perceived impact likelihood outcomes, community economic benefits, environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism sites, and biodiversity conservation. The study employed a quantitative research approach to investigate and parameterize the dynamic ecotourism components as well as to explore key factors that influence the CBET. We collected the data using a self-administered survey on 398 local eco-based tourism communities that sell services and products to tourists. We also asked for structured questionnaire items of local communities that provide tourism services to visitors in eco-tourism destination sites in 2022-2023. The SEM results showed that this study significantly impacted and confirmed all relationships among research variables, as proposed in the conceptual model. We also discuss in detail the research findings of this study.展开更多
The volatile compounds from ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were examined by adsorption-thermodesorption and GC-MS. Thirty-two compounds, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, terpenoids, carboxylic acids, ...The volatile compounds from ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were examined by adsorption-thermodesorption and GC-MS. Thirty-two compounds, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, terpenoids, carboxylic acids, etc. were identified. The analysis revealed that the diurnal rhythm of release of volatile compounds from maple differed in July and in August. In July, the releasing of most volatile compounds reached the peak at 14 o'clock, when in August, the emission of volatile compounds reached the peak at 10 o'clock. Besides diurnal rhythm, there also existed other differences in the releasing of volatiles and their relative contents in July and in August. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is the maturation of leaves, since the sampling conditions were the same both in July and August. At the same time, the response of Anoplophora glabrpennis Motschulsky to volatiles was examined with field bioassay with traps. cis-3-hexen-1-ol was found to be more effective to attract A. glabrpennis than other volatiles released by ash-leaf maple tree in field trapping test. A mixture of 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol was tested to be the most attractive to A. glabripennis among all tested volatiles. More field trapping tests should be conducted.展开更多
Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable ele...Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (BAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexenl-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three compounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-l-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-l-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either BAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration.展开更多
When an orthopedics device is implanted into bone injury site, it will contact the soft tissue （skeletal muscle, fascia, ligament etc.） except for bone. Magnesium based biodegradable metals are becoming an important...When an orthopedics device is implanted into bone injury site, it will contact the soft tissue （skeletal muscle, fascia, ligament etc.） except for bone. Magnesium based biodegradable metals are becoming an important research object in orthopedics due to their bioactivity to promote bone healing. In this study, pure Mg rods with and without chemical conversion coating were implanted into the muscle tissue of rabbits. Implants and their surrounding tissues were taken out for weight loss measurement, cross- sectional scanning electron microscopy observation, elemental distribution analysis and histological examination. The results showed that the chemical conversion coating would increase the in vivo cor- rosion resistance of pure Mg and decrease the accumulation of calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P） elements around the implants. For the bare magnesium implant, both Ca and P contents in the surrounding tissues increased at the initial stage of implantation and then decreased at 12 weeks implantation, while for the magnesium with chemical conversion coating, Ca and P contents in the surrounding tissues de- creased with the implantation time, but were not significant. The histological results demonstrated that there was no calcification in the muscle tissue with implantation of magnesium for up to 12 weeks. The chemical conversion coating not only increased the in vivo corrosion resistance of pure Mg, but also avoided the depositions of Ca and P in the surrounding tissues, meaning that pure magnesium should be biosafe when contacting with muscle tissues,展开更多
Climate change is a global issue that poses a significant risk to the global economy and therefore warrants coordinated collective action.Employing a questionnaire survey in China,this study presents urban residents&#...Climate change is a global issue that poses a significant risk to the global economy and therefore warrants coordinated collective action.Employing a questionnaire survey in China,this study presents urban residents'behavioral response to climate change and its influencing factors.The results indicated that urban residents in Tianjin often took low-cost,intuitive,and quickly implementable actions,namely behavioral coping responses.Proactive adaptive behavior was also evident,which involved greater financial investment.Furthermore,according to regression analysis results of urban residents'behavior and its influencing factors,knowledge of climate change manifested a positive correlation with urban residents'behavioral coping response.In contrast,cost manifested a negative correlation with urban residents'proactive adaptive behavior,which was a more complex,costly,and challenging anticipatory action.Knowledge of climate change manifested a positive correlation with both behavioral coping response and proactive adaptive behavior.Finally,recommendations for encouraging beneficial behaviors among urban residents are suggested.展开更多
During epidemic outbreaks,human behavior is highly influential on the disease transmission and hence affects the course,duration and outcome of the epidemics.In order to examine the feedback effect between the dynamic...During epidemic outbreaks,human behavior is highly influential on the disease transmission and hence affects the course,duration and outcome of the epidemics.In order to examine the feedback effect between the dynamics of the behavioral response and disease outbreak,a simple SIR-βtype model is established by introducing the independent variableβof effective contact rate,characterizing how human behavior interacts with disease transmission dynamics and allowing for the feedback changing over time along the progress of epidemic and population's perception of risk.By a particle swarm optimization algorithm in the solution procedures and time series of COVID-19 data with different shapes of infection peaks,we show that the proposed model,together with such behavioral change mechanism,is capable of capturing the trend of the selected data and can give rise to oscillatory prevalence of different magnitude over time,revealing how different levels of behavioral response affect the waves of infection as well as the evolution of the disease.展开更多
It is important to select suitable organisms to adapt the requirement of different environment monitoring purposes.Following our previous study,the behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka （Oryzias l...It is important to select suitable organisms to adapt the requirement of different environment monitoring purposes.Following our previous study,the behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka （Oryzias latipes） were investigated and compared under flow-through conditions in an on-line biomonitoring system.The results showed that both D.magna and Japanese madaka had similar biological clock,but the circadian rhythms of Japanese madaka was more clearly recorded than that of D.magna.And the sensitivity of D.magna was about two orders of magnitudes higher than that of Japanese madaka in different types of toxic chemicals （dichlorovos,deltamethrin and cadmium chloride）.However,when both animals were used in an on-line biomonitoring system,the life span of D.magna was less than 7 days and Japanese madaka could last for more than one month without feeding.Therefore,D.magna was proposed to be a more sensitive bioindicator and was suitable for short term monitoring the pollution events at concentration level closing to the water quality standard,while Japanese madaka was more suitable for the long-term monitoring for accidental discharges.展开更多
Low-cycle fatigue(LCF)behaviors of a second-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloys with[001]orientation at 760℃ have been investigated.Different strain amplitudes were introduced to investigate the creep-...Low-cycle fatigue(LCF)behaviors of a second-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloys with[001]orientation at 760℃ have been investigated.Different strain amplitudes were introduced to investigate the creep-fatigue effects.The LCF life of none tensile holding(NTH)was higher than that of the 60-s tensile hold(TH)at any strain amplitude.As the strain amplitude was 0.7%,the stacking and cross-slip dislocations appeared together at the γ/γ’coherent microstructure in both TH and NTH specimens.At the strain amplitude of 0.9%,plenty of the cross-slip dislocations appeared inγchannel and other dislocations were stacking at γ/γ’interfaces.However,the SFs still appeared in γ’phase with 60-s TH which caused cyclic softening.As the strain amplitude increased up to 1.2%,the dislocations are piling up at the γ/γ’interfaces and cutting through the γ’phase in both TH and NTH tests,which caused cyclic hardening.The influences of strain amplitude and holding time were complicated.Different stress response behaviors occurred in different loading conditions.The surface characteristic and fracture mechanism were observed by scanning electron microscopy.This result is helpful for building the relationship of various blade fatigue failure modes,cyclic stress response and microstructure deformation under different strain amplitudes.展开更多
Plant structures and chemicals, which are developed from the shoot apical meristem（SAM）, form the main barriers to insect feeding. A plant chimera containing cells of different genetic origins in the SAM will be mor...Plant structures and chemicals, which are developed from the shoot apical meristem（SAM）, form the main barriers to insect feeding. A plant chimera containing cells of different genetic origins in the SAM will be morphologically and chemically different compared with the parents and thus may result in differential resistance to herbivores. In this study, we explore if particular elements of plant resistance are localized in one of the layers of SAM; the replacement of one cell layer in a chimera may be linked to change of a single resistance trait to herbivores. The morphology and glucosinolate profiles of two periclinal chimeras（labeled as TTC and TCC, respectively） and grafted parents tuber mustard（labeled as TTT） and red cabbage（labeled as CCC） were compared and the performance of whitefly（Bemisia tabaci） in host selection, oviposition preference and development were assessed under controlled conditions. Both chimeras possessed leaf trichomes as parent tuber mustard TTT, however, TTC had significantly more trichomes than TCC and parent TTT. Leaf wax content of both chimeras was intermediate between the two parents. Five aliphatic and two indole glucosinolates were detected in both chimeras, whereas three aliphatic glucosinolates（3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl, 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl） were not detected in tuber mustard, and one aliphatic glucosinolate（3-butenyl） was not detected in red cabbage. Unexpectedly for a chimera, the quantities of two aliphatic glucosinolates（3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl and 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl） in both TTC and TCC were 3-to 5-fold higher than parents. In olfactory preference assays, B. tabaci showed preference to CCC, followed by TCC, TTC and TTT, and number of eggs laid showed the same pattern： CCC〉TCC〉TTC〉TTT. Interestingly, more whiteflies landed on TTT plants than the other three types in a free choice experiment and the developmental duration from egg to adult was the shortest on TTT and increased in the order TTT展开更多
One hundred infants were divided into the following 3 gestational age (GA) groups: (Ⅰ) premature infants ( n =30) with the gestational age between 29 and 32 weeks; (Ⅱ) premature infants ( n =30) with the gestati...One hundred infants were divided into the following 3 gestational age (GA) groups: (Ⅰ) premature infants ( n =30) with the gestational age between 29 and 32 weeks; (Ⅱ) premature infants ( n =30) with the gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks; (Ⅲ) full term infants ( n =40). The recorded responses of all infants to pain included the behavioral responses to painful stimuli (cry, facial activity and limbs movement) and the variety of heart rate. The results indicated that the infants of 3 groups had different degree response to various painful stimuli. Pain expression in full term infants was more significant than premature infants to same stimuli. 33 weeks GA infants were differential from 29 weeks GA infants. Full term infants showed more vertical mouth stretch and more taut tongue and more hand to mouth than premature infants, but more horizontal mouth stretch in premature infants.展开更多
Frequent extreme weather events like drought,etc.in the context of climate change present huge challenges to agricultural production.To find out if farmers have taken measures against them and identify governments'...Frequent extreme weather events like drought,etc.in the context of climate change present huge challenges to agricultural production.To find out if farmers have taken measures against them and identify governments'impact on their response measures are the foundation of and key to further improving relevant policies and farmers'responsiveness.Taking the North China Plain as an example,the study analyzes farmers'responses to fre-quent climate change-induced drought,and assesses the impacts of governments'early-warning,policy support and other factors on farmers'responses based on questionnaire survey data and an econometric approach.The results show that:(1)Farmers are responsive to drought,and they are more likely to take measures as the degree of drought deepening.(2)Governments'regulation affects farmers'responses,although only part of its regulation measures has remarkable effects.Governments'early-warning messages can increase the possibility of farmers'responding to drought,however,only when they get the early-warning in all the processes including before,during,and after disasters can the effects be significant.Currently,as the primary channel through which early-warning information is released,tele-vision cannot change farmers'behaviors significantly.Early-warning is most effective when spread via two or more types of channels.In addition,governments'(especially town and village level institutions')policy support has certain impacts on farmers'responses to drought,yet with less prominent effects in disaster years than in normal years;to provide subsidies,as a regulation measure,can encourage farmers'initiative a lot in adopting response measures,but most of the farmers haven't got support from any institutions.Both the structure and strength of government regulation need to be improved.(3)Farmers with different conditions respond differently.Farmer households in irrigation areas,those whose farmland is lower fragmented,and those with numerous agricultural family members tend to take response measures.The study can provide scientific reference to the making of relevant regulation policies under the background of acidifications.展开更多
The overall promotion of all-for-one tourism requires tourists' civilized behaviors. This paper focused on tourists' environmental responsible behaviors in the context of all-for-one tourism. On the basis of c...The overall promotion of all-for-one tourism requires tourists' civilized behaviors. This paper focused on tourists' environmental responsible behaviors in the context of all-for-one tourism. On the basis of clarifying the connotation, dimension and driving factors of tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, this paper firstly analyzed the relationship between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and proposed that the development of all-for-one tourism was an important path to optimize and upgrade China's tourism industry and a new concept of sustainable development of tourism industry. The emergence of all-for-one tourism has formed a new tourism trend, which will drive tourists to behave more civilly. Tourists' environmental responsible behaviors are a "subject and share" concept, and from tourists' point of view, all-for-one tourism development is the most basic requirement. Secondly, based on the theory of "value-belief-norm", this paper focused on the strengthening mechanism of "interaction effect" between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and put forward the idea of "double internalization strengthening" to guide tourists' environmental responsible behaviors from being passive to active, from individuals to groups. Finally, this paper discussed the promotion of environmental responsible behaviors of tourist's specific strategies from two aspects, "external drive" and "internal drive" to enhance the level of all-for-one tourism construction and strengthen the environment responsibility of tourists. "External drives" were as follows:(1) to make a scientific development plan to implement the "host and vip sharing" mechanism;(2) to optimize the landscape, the environment, services, enhance the local attachment of visitors;(3) to improve the infrastructure system, pay attention to the details of visitors' experience;(4) to strengthen environment education and publicity, deepening the quality of tourists' civilization construction, and strengthen the environmental responsible behaviors of tourists. "Internal drives" were as follows:(1) to strengthen the sense of environmental responsibility of tourists;(2) to establish a model of environmental responsible behaviors;(3) to strengthen the supervision of environmental responsible behaviors.展开更多
This research examined tourists＇ intention to adopt responsible behavior （RB）. Toward this, two constructs of determinants （attitude and self-efficacy belief） of intention to adopt RB were identified through lite...This research examined tourists＇ intention to adopt responsible behavior （RB）. Toward this, two constructs of determinants （attitude and self-efficacy belief） of intention to adopt RB were identified through literature surveys. Also, three constructs of RB alternatives, namely, economically RB （ECNRB）, environmentally RB （ENVRB）, and socio-culturally RB （SCLRB）, were identified through a focus group discussion. A self-administrated questionnaire was surveyed among 351 professionals in Bangladesh. Confirmatory factor analysis of both the independent and dependent variables was done prior to employing them in the structured equation model to validate the model and test the hypotheses. The research found that in Bangladesh, the self-efficacy belief influences tourists＇ intention to choose RB more than the attitude does, but their influences on tourists＇ intention to adopt ECNRB, ENVRB, or SCLRB are varied. Moreover, tourists were found to have less intention to adopt ECNRB than ENVRB and SCLRB. For the policy makers or promoters of responsible tourism （RT）, those who want to promote any kind of RB in Bangladesh need to increase self-efficacy belief among tourists. The policy makers need to develop themes around tourists＇ positive experience, emotional and physiological states along with verbal persuasion in their communication messages （Bandura, 1997） and in any kind of interpretations at the destination whilst targeting a particular market segment.展开更多
The coordination and optimization of eco-tourism development and world heritage protection are related to the sustainable development of the two,and the behavior of tea farmers is affected by the multiple subjects of ...The coordination and optimization of eco-tourism development and world heritage protection are related to the sustainable development of the two,and the behavior of tea farmers is affected by the multiple subjects of rural production and living system,which has nonlinear and complex characteristics.In view of this,based on the theory of human-land system,this study is using system theory and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)to explore the internal mechanism of tea farmers‘environmental responsibility behavior.The results show that:(1)single factor,infrastructure environment perception constitutes a necessary condition for environmental responsibility behavior,and there is equivalence between infrastructure environment perception,Cultural environment perception,external intervention perception and environmental supervision perception.(2)Infrastructure environment perception and cultural environment perception are important internal driving forces for high environmental responsibility behavior,while external intervention perception and environmental supervision perception constitute external traction.(3)Infrastructure environment perception and cultural environment perception exist in all configurations in a single or common form.This provides enlightenment for changing the governance logic of ecotourism and improving the governance performance of ecotourism.展开更多
With the economic development and multicultural exchange of ethnic villages,more and more ethnic villages have embarked on the road of tourism to become rich,but also brought the problem of ecological pollution.Few ex...With the economic development and multicultural exchange of ethnic villages,more and more ethnic villages have embarked on the road of tourism to become rich,but also brought the problem of ecological pollution.Few existing literatures discuss how to alleviate the ecological pollution in ethnic villages from the perspective of tourists’environmentally responsible behavior.In the context of ethnic villages,from the perspective of integration and the attitude-context-behavior theory,this paper constructs an EV-ABC-TERB model with four variables,namely environmental attitude,local atmosphere,emotional experience and tourists’environmentally responsible behavior,to explore the characteristics,influencing factors and influencing mechanism of tourists’environmental responsibility behavior in ethnic villages.Taking Xijiang Hmong Village as the research case,questionnaire survey method and structural equation model method were used.The results show that environmental attitude positively affects emotional experience and tourists’environmentally responsible behavior.Local atmosphere positively influences tourists’environmentally responsible behavior.Emotional experience negatively affects tourists’environmentally responsible behavior and plays an intermediary role in the way that environmental attitudes affect tourists’environmentally responsible behavior.The influence of environmental attitude on emotional experience is negatively regulated by local atmosphere.Finally,based on the analysis conclusion,it provides new ideas and inspiration for the sustainable development of the ethnic village tourism.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effect of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides(GFP)in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:Seventy-five rats were divided into five groups:the normal control group and the AD group tre...Objective:To evaluate the effect of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides(GFP)in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:Seventy-five rats were divided into five groups:the normal control group and the AD group treated with or without GFP(100,200,and 400 mg/kg).Behavioral responses in the open field test and elevated plus maze test were assessed.Additionally,the levels of malondialdehyde and ferric-reducing ability of plasma,and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1βin the hippocampus were measured.Results:Treatment with GFP significantly improved AD-induced behavioral changes in the open field test and elevated plus maze test(P<0.05).In addition,the level of malondialdehyde and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1βwere decreased by GFP treatment in a dose-dependent manner in AD rats(P<0.05),while the level of ferric-reducing ability of plasma was significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusions:Oral administration of GFP can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress,as well as improve behavioral responses associated with AD,suggesting its potential use in AD treatment.However,additional studies are needed to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and efficacy.展开更多
Olfaction,the sense of smell,is crucial for animal survival,especially in localizing prey or food.However,little is known about the fish behavioral responses to specific food odors and which olfactory receptor might b...Olfaction,the sense of smell,is crucial for animal survival,especially in localizing prey or food.However,little is known about the fish behavioral responses to specific food odors and which olfactory receptor might be activated by the food odors.Here,we examined the evolutionary relationships and classified the subfamilies of olfactory receptors(ORs),and conducted behavioral and gene expression analysis in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus).We identified 196 intact ORs in the grass carp genome and classified them into 8 subfamilies:β,δ,ε,η,γ,κ,θ,andζ.12 representative ORs(4β,4δ,and 4ε)were highly expressed in the olfactory epithelium(OE)of 24-month-old grass carp.Behavioral exploration found that grass carp showed different behaviors to different food odors at a series of concentrations.Specifically,0.01μmol/L amino acid mixtures and 0.005×Hydrilla verticillata extracts strongly changed the preference index and swimming trajectories in 6-month-old grass carp.In addition,the two food odors stimulation differentially induced ORs expression in three tissues,especially strong in the olfactory bulb and brain.Altogether,our results suggest that olfaction plays an important role in the regulation of fish feeding behavior and provide a basis for further studies on the function and specific recognition of olfactory receptors in fish.展开更多
This paper explores the pathway toward harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature through the lens of ecotourism,delving into its impact on tourists’cognition of the natural environment,cultivation of emo-tio...This paper explores the pathway toward harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature through the lens of ecotourism,delving into its impact on tourists’cognition of the natural environment,cultivation of emo-tional connections,and its pivotal role in shaping environmentally responsible behavior.At the Luya Mountain Sce-nic Area,a case study was conducted in July 2021,collecting 632 valid tourist questionnaires to investigate the nexus among“ecotourism experience”,“emotional experience”,and“environmental responsibility behavior”using structural equation modeling.Moreover,the relationship between tourism and daily environmental behavior was scrutinized with canonical correlation analysis.The findings unveil several substantial revelations:(1)Engagement experience significantly and positively influences tourists’inclination toward responsible behavior.(2)Emotional experience mediates the relationship between educational,engagement,and escapism experiences and the incli-nation to act responsibly.(3)The utilization of digital information technologies positively moderates the conversion of emotional experience into a willingness to behave responsibly.(4)Ecotourism responsibility is linked to daily behavior,and cognitive and emotional experiences foster long-term environmental protection.This study provides a pioneering approach to enhancing tourism offerings within the scenic area and nurturing a sustainable hu-man-environment relationship.展开更多
基金financed by 2024 Gansu Province College Teachers'Innovation Fund Project(2024B-051)Northwest Normal University Young Teachers'Research Ability Enhancement Program Project(NWNU-LKQN2019-25)Grant number Gansu Provincial Social Science Planning Youth Project"Research on the Construction of Tourism Safety Guarantee System for Scenic Spots in Gansu Province"(2021QN008).
文摘This study explores the impact of perceived value,awe,and place attachment on tourists'environmentally responsible behavior(ERB)in desert tourism contexts,using the Singing Sands Mountain and Crescent Spring scenic area in Dunhuang,China as a case study.Data were collected from 315 tourists using a structured questionnaire and analyzed through a structural equation model.Results show that perceived value and awe significantly influence ERB both directly and indirectly via place attachment.Specifically,perceived value has a stronger direct effect on ERB compared to awe,highlighting the importance of tourists'overall evaluation of the destination in promoting sustainable behaviors.The mediating role of place attachment underscores the significance of emotional connections to the environment in fostering ERB.These findings provide valuable insights for sustainable tourism management in fragile desert ecosystems.The study also highlights the importance of enhancing perceived value through high-quality services and leveraging awe-inspiring experiences to promote sustainable behaviors.
基金Supported by the 14 th Five Year Plan Project for the Development of Philosophy and Social Sciences of Guangzhou(2023GZGJ83).
文摘With the rapid development of rural tourism and increasing awareness of cultural preservation,traditional villages have become key destinations for modern individuals seeking cultural identity and nostalgic experiences.Their unique cultural atmosphere,historical relics,and humanistic environments provide tourists with immersive experiences distinct from urban life.This study takes Qian gang Ancient Village as a case to explore how cultural atmosphere and nostalgia influence tourists well-being and further drive environmentally responsible behavior.The findings reveal that the cultural atmosphere and nostalgia in traditional villages significantly enhance tourists hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.Both forms of well-being are closely linked to environmentally responsible behavior,and nostalgia also directly influence such behavior.This research offers theoretical and practical insights for sustainable rural tourism management.
文摘Community-based ecotourism (CBET) aims to empower local communities through engagement and participation. Cambodia serves as a prime example of a developing country where the local community necessitates sustained stakeholder support to foster empowerment and promote local economic development. Ecotourism and conservation are among the major issues of concern in the study of community development. This study used the main five eco-tourism areas in Cambodia as examples. It looks at the connections between eco-innovations in tourism products, community engagement, co-creation experiences, support for CBET, perceived impact likelihood outcomes, community economic benefits, environmentally responsible behavior in ecotourism sites, and biodiversity conservation. The study employed a quantitative research approach to investigate and parameterize the dynamic ecotourism components as well as to explore key factors that influence the CBET. We collected the data using a self-administered survey on 398 local eco-based tourism communities that sell services and products to tourists. We also asked for structured questionnaire items of local communities that provide tourism services to visitors in eco-tourism destination sites in 2022-2023. The SEM results showed that this study significantly impacted and confirmed all relationships among research variables, as proposed in the conceptual model. We also discuss in detail the research findings of this study.
文摘The volatile compounds from ash-leaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were examined by adsorption-thermodesorption and GC-MS. Thirty-two compounds, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, terpenoids, carboxylic acids, etc. were identified. The analysis revealed that the diurnal rhythm of release of volatile compounds from maple differed in July and in August. In July, the releasing of most volatile compounds reached the peak at 14 o'clock, when in August, the emission of volatile compounds reached the peak at 10 o'clock. Besides diurnal rhythm, there also existed other differences in the releasing of volatiles and their relative contents in July and in August. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is the maturation of leaves, since the sampling conditions were the same both in July and August. At the same time, the response of Anoplophora glabrpennis Motschulsky to volatiles was examined with field bioassay with traps. cis-3-hexen-1-ol was found to be more effective to attract A. glabrpennis than other volatiles released by ash-leaf maple tree in field trapping test. A mixture of 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 2-pentanol was tested to be the most attractive to A. glabripennis among all tested volatiles. More field trapping tests should be conducted.
基金Fund of China's National "863" Project(Grant No.2001AA249071)the"Tenth-Five-Year Plan"National Key Project(Grant No.2001BA509B0903)
文摘Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of adult A. glabripennis (Motsch.) to volatiles from ashleaf maple (Acer negundo L.) were investigated to identify semiochemicals involved in host location. Measurable electroantennogram (BAG) responses were elicited to all compounds tested, the most effective antennal stimulants were trans-2-hexen-1-al,decyl aldehyde and trans-2-hexenl-ol.These profiles were similar between males and females. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, above three compounds with certain concentration, trans-2-hexen-l-al (1%), trans-2-hexen-l-ol (1%) and decyl aldehyde (10%), were significantly attractive to the adults in laboratory. The results show that either BAG or olfactory responding to a particular volatile compound are markedly influenced by the concentration.
基金financially supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program of China (No. 2012BAI18B01)the National Basic Research Program of China ("973 Program", No. 2012CB619101)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81171443)the Foundation of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials
文摘When an orthopedics device is implanted into bone injury site, it will contact the soft tissue （skeletal muscle, fascia, ligament etc.） except for bone. Magnesium based biodegradable metals are becoming an important research object in orthopedics due to their bioactivity to promote bone healing. In this study, pure Mg rods with and without chemical conversion coating were implanted into the muscle tissue of rabbits. Implants and their surrounding tissues were taken out for weight loss measurement, cross- sectional scanning electron microscopy observation, elemental distribution analysis and histological examination. The results showed that the chemical conversion coating would increase the in vivo cor- rosion resistance of pure Mg and decrease the accumulation of calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P） elements around the implants. For the bare magnesium implant, both Ca and P contents in the surrounding tissues increased at the initial stage of implantation and then decreased at 12 weeks implantation, while for the magnesium with chemical conversion coating, Ca and P contents in the surrounding tissues de- creased with the implantation time, but were not significant. The histological results demonstrated that there was no calcification in the muscle tissue with implantation of magnesium for up to 12 weeks. The chemical conversion coating not only increased the in vivo corrosion resistance of pure Mg, but also avoided the depositions of Ca and P in the surrounding tissues, meaning that pure magnesium should be biosafe when contacting with muscle tissues,
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China[Grant Number.19XJY007].
文摘Climate change is a global issue that poses a significant risk to the global economy and therefore warrants coordinated collective action.Employing a questionnaire survey in China,this study presents urban residents'behavioral response to climate change and its influencing factors.The results indicated that urban residents in Tianjin often took low-cost,intuitive,and quickly implementable actions,namely behavioral coping responses.Proactive adaptive behavior was also evident,which involved greater financial investment.Furthermore,according to regression analysis results of urban residents'behavior and its influencing factors,knowledge of climate change manifested a positive correlation with urban residents'behavioral coping response.In contrast,cost manifested a negative correlation with urban residents'proactive adaptive behavior,which was a more complex,costly,and challenging anticipatory action.Knowledge of climate change manifested a positive correlation with both behavioral coping response and proactive adaptive behavior.Finally,recommendations for encouraging beneficial behaviors among urban residents are suggested.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(#62376212)Scientific Research Program Project of Education Department of Shaanxi Province(#23JP114).
文摘During epidemic outbreaks,human behavior is highly influential on the disease transmission and hence affects the course,duration and outcome of the epidemics.In order to examine the feedback effect between the dynamics of the behavioral response and disease outbreak,a simple SIR-βtype model is established by introducing the independent variableβof effective contact rate,characterizing how human behavior interacts with disease transmission dynamics and allowing for the feedback changing over time along the progress of epidemic and population's perception of risk.By a particle swarm optimization algorithm in the solution procedures and time series of COVID-19 data with different shapes of infection peaks,we show that the proposed model,together with such behavioral change mechanism,is capable of capturing the trend of the selected data and can give rise to oscillatory prevalence of different magnitude over time,revealing how different levels of behavioral response affect the waves of infection as well as the evolution of the disease.
基金supported by the National Key Program for Water Pollution Control (No. 2009ZX07210-009,2009ZX07209-005,2009ZX07527-002)the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry (No.08K07ESPCR)
文摘It is important to select suitable organisms to adapt the requirement of different environment monitoring purposes.Following our previous study,the behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka （Oryzias latipes） were investigated and compared under flow-through conditions in an on-line biomonitoring system.The results showed that both D.magna and Japanese madaka had similar biological clock,but the circadian rhythms of Japanese madaka was more clearly recorded than that of D.magna.And the sensitivity of D.magna was about two orders of magnitudes higher than that of Japanese madaka in different types of toxic chemicals （dichlorovos,deltamethrin and cadmium chloride）.However,when both animals were used in an on-line biomonitoring system,the life span of D.magna was less than 7 days and Japanese madaka could last for more than one month without feeding.Therefore,D.magna was proposed to be a more sensitive bioindicator and was suitable for short term monitoring the pollution events at concentration level closing to the water quality standard,while Japanese madaka was more suitable for the long-term monitoring for accidental discharges.
文摘Low-cycle fatigue(LCF)behaviors of a second-generation nickel-based single-crystal superalloys with[001]orientation at 760℃ have been investigated.Different strain amplitudes were introduced to investigate the creep-fatigue effects.The LCF life of none tensile holding(NTH)was higher than that of the 60-s tensile hold(TH)at any strain amplitude.As the strain amplitude was 0.7%,the stacking and cross-slip dislocations appeared together at the γ/γ’coherent microstructure in both TH and NTH specimens.At the strain amplitude of 0.9%,plenty of the cross-slip dislocations appeared inγchannel and other dislocations were stacking at γ/γ’interfaces.However,the SFs still appeared in γ’phase with 60-s TH which caused cyclic softening.As the strain amplitude increased up to 1.2%,the dislocations are piling up at the γ/γ’interfaces and cutting through the γ’phase in both TH and NTH tests,which caused cyclic hardening.The influences of strain amplitude and holding time were complicated.Different stress response behaviors occurred in different loading conditions.The surface characteristic and fracture mechanism were observed by scanning electron microscopy.This result is helpful for building the relationship of various blade fatigue failure modes,cyclic stress response and microstructure deformation under different strain amplitudes.
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201203036)the Key Science and Technology Innovation team of the Zhejiang Province,China(2013TD05)the Key Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province,China(2015C32048)
文摘Plant structures and chemicals, which are developed from the shoot apical meristem（SAM）, form the main barriers to insect feeding. A plant chimera containing cells of different genetic origins in the SAM will be morphologically and chemically different compared with the parents and thus may result in differential resistance to herbivores. In this study, we explore if particular elements of plant resistance are localized in one of the layers of SAM; the replacement of one cell layer in a chimera may be linked to change of a single resistance trait to herbivores. The morphology and glucosinolate profiles of two periclinal chimeras（labeled as TTC and TCC, respectively） and grafted parents tuber mustard（labeled as TTT） and red cabbage（labeled as CCC） were compared and the performance of whitefly（Bemisia tabaci） in host selection, oviposition preference and development were assessed under controlled conditions. Both chimeras possessed leaf trichomes as parent tuber mustard TTT, however, TTC had significantly more trichomes than TCC and parent TTT. Leaf wax content of both chimeras was intermediate between the two parents. Five aliphatic and two indole glucosinolates were detected in both chimeras, whereas three aliphatic glucosinolates（3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl, 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl and 2-hydroxy-3-butenyl） were not detected in tuber mustard, and one aliphatic glucosinolate（3-butenyl） was not detected in red cabbage. Unexpectedly for a chimera, the quantities of two aliphatic glucosinolates（3-methyl-sulfinylpropyl and 4-methyl-sulfinylbutyl） in both TTC and TCC were 3-to 5-fold higher than parents. In olfactory preference assays, B. tabaci showed preference to CCC, followed by TCC, TTC and TTT, and number of eggs laid showed the same pattern： CCC〉TCC〉TTC〉TTT. Interestingly, more whiteflies landed on TTT plants than the other three types in a free choice experiment and the developmental duration from egg to adult was the shortest on TTT and increased in the order TTT
基金This project was supported by a grantfrom Hubei Provin-cial Natural Sciences Foundation (No.2 0 0 2 P16 0 2 )
文摘One hundred infants were divided into the following 3 gestational age (GA) groups: (Ⅰ) premature infants ( n =30) with the gestational age between 29 and 32 weeks; (Ⅱ) premature infants ( n =30) with the gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks; (Ⅲ) full term infants ( n =40). The recorded responses of all infants to pain included the behavioral responses to painful stimuli (cry, facial activity and limbs movement) and the variety of heart rate. The results indicated that the infants of 3 groups had different degree response to various painful stimuli. Pain expression in full term infants was more significant than premature infants to same stimuli. 33 weeks GA infants were differential from 29 weeks GA infants. Full term infants showed more vertical mouth stretch and more taut tongue and more hand to mouth than premature infants, but more horizontal mouth stretch in premature infants.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41430636,No.41590841National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program),No.2012CB95570001
文摘Frequent extreme weather events like drought,etc.in the context of climate change present huge challenges to agricultural production.To find out if farmers have taken measures against them and identify governments'impact on their response measures are the foundation of and key to further improving relevant policies and farmers'responsiveness.Taking the North China Plain as an example,the study analyzes farmers'responses to fre-quent climate change-induced drought,and assesses the impacts of governments'early-warning,policy support and other factors on farmers'responses based on questionnaire survey data and an econometric approach.The results show that:(1)Farmers are responsive to drought,and they are more likely to take measures as the degree of drought deepening.(2)Governments'regulation affects farmers'responses,although only part of its regulation measures has remarkable effects.Governments'early-warning messages can increase the possibility of farmers'responding to drought,however,only when they get the early-warning in all the processes including before,during,and after disasters can the effects be significant.Currently,as the primary channel through which early-warning information is released,tele-vision cannot change farmers'behaviors significantly.Early-warning is most effective when spread via two or more types of channels.In addition,governments'(especially town and village level institutions')policy support has certain impacts on farmers'responses to drought,yet with less prominent effects in disaster years than in normal years;to provide subsidies,as a regulation measure,can encourage farmers'initiative a lot in adopting response measures,but most of the farmers haven't got support from any institutions.Both the structure and strength of government regulation need to be improved.(3)Farmers with different conditions respond differently.Farmer households in irrigation areas,those whose farmland is lower fragmented,and those with numerous agricultural family members tend to take response measures.The study can provide scientific reference to the making of relevant regulation policies under the background of acidifications.
基金Sponsored by Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(17NDJC218YB)Project of Hangzhou Col ege of Commerce,Zhejiang Gongshang University(2016YJ-06)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(41661034)Public Welfare Project of International Scientific and Technology Cooperation Project of Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province(2016C34003)
文摘The overall promotion of all-for-one tourism requires tourists' civilized behaviors. This paper focused on tourists' environmental responsible behaviors in the context of all-for-one tourism. On the basis of clarifying the connotation, dimension and driving factors of tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, this paper firstly analyzed the relationship between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and proposed that the development of all-for-one tourism was an important path to optimize and upgrade China's tourism industry and a new concept of sustainable development of tourism industry. The emergence of all-for-one tourism has formed a new tourism trend, which will drive tourists to behave more civilly. Tourists' environmental responsible behaviors are a "subject and share" concept, and from tourists' point of view, all-for-one tourism development is the most basic requirement. Secondly, based on the theory of "value-belief-norm", this paper focused on the strengthening mechanism of "interaction effect" between all-for-one tourism and tourists' environmental responsible behaviors, and put forward the idea of "double internalization strengthening" to guide tourists' environmental responsible behaviors from being passive to active, from individuals to groups. Finally, this paper discussed the promotion of environmental responsible behaviors of tourist's specific strategies from two aspects, "external drive" and "internal drive" to enhance the level of all-for-one tourism construction and strengthen the environment responsibility of tourists. "External drives" were as follows:(1) to make a scientific development plan to implement the "host and vip sharing" mechanism;(2) to optimize the landscape, the environment, services, enhance the local attachment of visitors;(3) to improve the infrastructure system, pay attention to the details of visitors' experience;(4) to strengthen environment education and publicity, deepening the quality of tourists' civilization construction, and strengthen the environmental responsible behaviors of tourists. "Internal drives" were as follows:(1) to strengthen the sense of environmental responsibility of tourists;(2) to establish a model of environmental responsible behaviors;(3) to strengthen the supervision of environmental responsible behaviors.
文摘This research examined tourists＇ intention to adopt responsible behavior （RB）. Toward this, two constructs of determinants （attitude and self-efficacy belief） of intention to adopt RB were identified through literature surveys. Also, three constructs of RB alternatives, namely, economically RB （ECNRB）, environmentally RB （ENVRB）, and socio-culturally RB （SCLRB）, were identified through a focus group discussion. A self-administrated questionnaire was surveyed among 351 professionals in Bangladesh. Confirmatory factor analysis of both the independent and dependent variables was done prior to employing them in the structured equation model to validate the model and test the hypotheses. The research found that in Bangladesh, the self-efficacy belief influences tourists＇ intention to choose RB more than the attitude does, but their influences on tourists＇ intention to adopt ECNRB, ENVRB, or SCLRB are varied. Moreover, tourists were found to have less intention to adopt ECNRB than ENVRB and SCLRB. For the policy makers or promoters of responsible tourism （RT）, those who want to promote any kind of RB in Bangladesh need to increase self-efficacy belief among tourists. The policy makers need to develop themes around tourists＇ positive experience, emotional and physiological states along with verbal persuasion in their communication messages （Bandura, 1997） and in any kind of interpretations at the destination whilst targeting a particular market segment.
基金supported by the Fujian Association for Science and Technology think tank project(Grant No.FJKX-A2011).
文摘The coordination and optimization of eco-tourism development and world heritage protection are related to the sustainable development of the two,and the behavior of tea farmers is affected by the multiple subjects of rural production and living system,which has nonlinear and complex characteristics.In view of this,based on the theory of human-land system,this study is using system theory and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA)to explore the internal mechanism of tea farmers‘environmental responsibility behavior.The results show that:(1)single factor,infrastructure environment perception constitutes a necessary condition for environmental responsibility behavior,and there is equivalence between infrastructure environment perception,Cultural environment perception,external intervention perception and environmental supervision perception.(2)Infrastructure environment perception and cultural environment perception are important internal driving forces for high environmental responsibility behavior,while external intervention perception and environmental supervision perception constitute external traction.(3)Infrastructure environment perception and cultural environment perception exist in all configurations in a single or common form.This provides enlightenment for changing the governance logic of ecotourism and improving the governance performance of ecotourism.
文摘With the economic development and multicultural exchange of ethnic villages,more and more ethnic villages have embarked on the road of tourism to become rich,but also brought the problem of ecological pollution.Few existing literatures discuss how to alleviate the ecological pollution in ethnic villages from the perspective of tourists’environmentally responsible behavior.In the context of ethnic villages,from the perspective of integration and the attitude-context-behavior theory,this paper constructs an EV-ABC-TERB model with four variables,namely environmental attitude,local atmosphere,emotional experience and tourists’environmentally responsible behavior,to explore the characteristics,influencing factors and influencing mechanism of tourists’environmental responsibility behavior in ethnic villages.Taking Xijiang Hmong Village as the research case,questionnaire survey method and structural equation model method were used.The results show that environmental attitude positively affects emotional experience and tourists’environmentally responsible behavior.Local atmosphere positively influences tourists’environmentally responsible behavior.Emotional experience negatively affects tourists’environmentally responsible behavior and plays an intermediary role in the way that environmental attitudes affect tourists’environmentally responsible behavior.The influence of environmental attitude on emotional experience is negatively regulated by local atmosphere.Finally,based on the analysis conclusion,it provides new ideas and inspiration for the sustainable development of the ethnic village tourism.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effect of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides(GFP)in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Methods:Seventy-five rats were divided into five groups:the normal control group and the AD group treated with or without GFP(100,200,and 400 mg/kg).Behavioral responses in the open field test and elevated plus maze test were assessed.Additionally,the levels of malondialdehyde and ferric-reducing ability of plasma,and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1βin the hippocampus were measured.Results:Treatment with GFP significantly improved AD-induced behavioral changes in the open field test and elevated plus maze test(P<0.05).In addition,the level of malondialdehyde and the mRNA expressions of TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1βwere decreased by GFP treatment in a dose-dependent manner in AD rats(P<0.05),while the level of ferric-reducing ability of plasma was significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusions:Oral administration of GFP can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress,as well as improve behavioral responses associated with AD,suggesting its potential use in AD treatment.However,additional studies are needed to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and efficacy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32273109)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2662020SCQD002)the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (No.CARS-45-01).
文摘Olfaction,the sense of smell,is crucial for animal survival,especially in localizing prey or food.However,little is known about the fish behavioral responses to specific food odors and which olfactory receptor might be activated by the food odors.Here,we examined the evolutionary relationships and classified the subfamilies of olfactory receptors(ORs),and conducted behavioral and gene expression analysis in grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus).We identified 196 intact ORs in the grass carp genome and classified them into 8 subfamilies:β,δ,ε,η,γ,κ,θ,andζ.12 representative ORs(4β,4δ,and 4ε)were highly expressed in the olfactory epithelium(OE)of 24-month-old grass carp.Behavioral exploration found that grass carp showed different behaviors to different food odors at a series of concentrations.Specifically,0.01μmol/L amino acid mixtures and 0.005×Hydrilla verticillata extracts strongly changed the preference index and swimming trajectories in 6-month-old grass carp.In addition,the two food odors stimulation differentially induced ORs expression in three tissues,especially strong in the olfactory bulb and brain.Altogether,our results suggest that olfaction plays an important role in the regulation of fish feeding behavior and provide a basis for further studies on the function and specific recognition of olfactory receptors in fish.
基金The Shanxi Province Graduate-Level Quality Course Project (2023YZ28)。
文摘This paper explores the pathway toward harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature through the lens of ecotourism,delving into its impact on tourists’cognition of the natural environment,cultivation of emo-tional connections,and its pivotal role in shaping environmentally responsible behavior.At the Luya Mountain Sce-nic Area,a case study was conducted in July 2021,collecting 632 valid tourist questionnaires to investigate the nexus among“ecotourism experience”,“emotional experience”,and“environmental responsibility behavior”using structural equation modeling.Moreover,the relationship between tourism and daily environmental behavior was scrutinized with canonical correlation analysis.The findings unveil several substantial revelations:(1)Engagement experience significantly and positively influences tourists’inclination toward responsible behavior.(2)Emotional experience mediates the relationship between educational,engagement,and escapism experiences and the incli-nation to act responsibly.(3)The utilization of digital information technologies positively moderates the conversion of emotional experience into a willingness to behave responsibly.(4)Ecotourism responsibility is linked to daily behavior,and cognitive and emotional experiences foster long-term environmental protection.This study provides a pioneering approach to enhancing tourism offerings within the scenic area and nurturing a sustainable hu-man-environment relationship.
