To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control （NC） bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional （3D） finite element method, deformation behavior...To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control （NC） bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional （3D） finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA 18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius （less than 2 times of tube outside diameter） are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius （between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter）. For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.展开更多
驾驶人行为习惯很大程度上影响了车辆的油耗及尾气排放.厘清不良驾驶行为(如怠速和急加减速等)与车辆碳排放的关系,对城市碳减排具有重要意义.基于广泛高精度的轨迹数据,结合车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)法计算不同尺度的碳...驾驶人行为习惯很大程度上影响了车辆的油耗及尾气排放.厘清不良驾驶行为(如怠速和急加减速等)与车辆碳排放的关系,对城市碳减排具有重要意义.基于广泛高精度的轨迹数据,结合车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)法计算不同尺度的碳排放特征,构建驾驶行为特征集;分析车辆碳排放分布,利用t-分布随机邻域嵌入(t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding,t-SNE)算法进行特征约简,并基于k-medoids算法进行聚类分析,捕捉高碳排放驾驶行为的共性;利用最大信息系数(maximal information coefficient,MIC)算法分析不同优先级车辆驾驶行为对碳排放的影响.结果表明,聚类分析将车辆划分为怠速型、普通型及急变速型3类,对应占比分别为28.8%、44.9%及26.3%,碳排放与道路优先级存在明显相关性,主次路车辆碳排放分布差异显著.高优先级车辆碳排放与车辆加速类特征相关性强,对于低优先级车辆,航向角变化值、怠速比例、最小车速与车辆碳排放相关性强.通过识别碳排放高的驾驶行为,提出针对性减少车辆动态运行状态下碳排放的措施,有利于完善城市碳减排体系建设.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51175429)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-08-0462)+2 种基金Foundation of NWPU (JC201136)Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NWPU (KP200919)"111" Project (B08040)
文摘To improve the forming quality and forming limit of the numerical control （NC） bending of high-pressure titanium alloy tubes, in this study, using three-dimensional （3D） finite element method, deformation behavior of medium-strength TA 18 high-pressure tubes during NC bending with different bending radii is investigated. The results show that the cross-sectional deformation and the wall thickness variation during NC bending of TA18 tubes using a small bending radius （less than 2 times of tube outside diameter） are clearly different from that using a normal bending radius （between 2 and 4 times of tube outside diameter）. For bending with a normal bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the distribution of the flattening in the bending area resembles a platform and an asymmetric parabola, respectively. For bending with a small bending radius, with or without a mandrel, the flattening both distributes like a parabola, but the former has a stable peak which deflects toward the initial bending section, and the latter has a more pronounced peak with a bending angle and deflects slightly toward the bending section. The wall thickness variations with a normal bending radius, with and without a mandrel, both resemble a platform when the bending angle exceeds a certain angle. For the bending with a small radius, the distribution of the wall thickness variation without a mandrel follows an approximate parabola which increases in value as the bending angle increases. If a mandrel is used, the thickening ratio increases from the initial bending section to the bending section.
文摘驾驶人行为习惯很大程度上影响了车辆的油耗及尾气排放.厘清不良驾驶行为(如怠速和急加减速等)与车辆碳排放的关系,对城市碳减排具有重要意义.基于广泛高精度的轨迹数据,结合车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)法计算不同尺度的碳排放特征,构建驾驶行为特征集;分析车辆碳排放分布,利用t-分布随机邻域嵌入(t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding,t-SNE)算法进行特征约简,并基于k-medoids算法进行聚类分析,捕捉高碳排放驾驶行为的共性;利用最大信息系数(maximal information coefficient,MIC)算法分析不同优先级车辆驾驶行为对碳排放的影响.结果表明,聚类分析将车辆划分为怠速型、普通型及急变速型3类,对应占比分别为28.8%、44.9%及26.3%,碳排放与道路优先级存在明显相关性,主次路车辆碳排放分布差异显著.高优先级车辆碳排放与车辆加速类特征相关性强,对于低优先级车辆,航向角变化值、怠速比例、最小车速与车辆碳排放相关性强.通过识别碳排放高的驾驶行为,提出针对性减少车辆动态运行状态下碳排放的措施,有利于完善城市碳减排体系建设.
