By analyzing the characteristics of development, structural evolution and reservoir beds of the residual carbonate strata, this study shows that the residual carbonate strata in the Yingmaili low uplift are favorable ...By analyzing the characteristics of development, structural evolution and reservoir beds of the residual carbonate strata, this study shows that the residual carbonate strata in the Yingmaili low uplift are favorable oil and gas accumulation series in the Tabei （northern Tarim uplift） uplift. There are different patterns of hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern and southern slopes of the Yingmaili low uplift. The north-south differentiation of oil reservoirs were caused by different lithologies of the residual carbonate strata and the key constraints on the development of the reservoir beds. The Mesozoic terrestrial organic matter in the Kuqa depression and the Palaeozoic marine organic matter in the Manjiaer sag of the Northern depression are the major hydrocarbon source rocks for the northern slope and southern slope respectively. The hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern and southern slopes is controlled by differences in maturity and thermal evolution history of these two kinds of organic matter. On the southern slope, the oil accumulation formed in the early stage was destroyed completely, and the period from the late Hercynian to the Himalayian is the most important time for hydrocarbon accumulation. However, the time of hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern slope began 5 Ma B.P. Carbonate inner buried anticlines reservoirs are present on the southern slope, while weathered crust and paleo-buried hill karst carbonate reservoirs are present on the northern slope. The northern and southern slopes had different controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation respectively. Fracture growth in the reservoir beds is the most important controlling factor on the southern slope; while hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern slope is controlled by weathered crust and cap rock.展开更多
Three series of sandbox modeling experiments were performed to study the fault-increment pattern in extensional basins. Experimental results showed that the tectonic action mode of boundaries and the shape of major bo...Three series of sandbox modeling experiments were performed to study the fault-increment pattern in extensional basins. Experimental results showed that the tectonic action mode of boundaries and the shape of major boundary faults control the formation and evolution of faults in extensional basins. In the process of extensional deformation, the increase in the number and length of faults was episodic, and every ＇episode＇ experienced three periods, strain-accumulation period, quick fault-increment period and strain-adjustment period. The more complex the shape of the boundary fault, the higher the strain increment each ＇episode＇ experienced. Different extensional modes resulted in different fault-increment patterns. The horizontal detachment extensional mode has the ＇linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern, while the extensional mode controlled by a listric fault has the ＇stepwise＇ style of fault-increment pattern, and the extensional mode controlled by a ramp-flat boundary fault has the ＇stepwise-linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern. These fault-increment patterns given above could provide a theoretical method of fault interpretation and fracture prediction in extensional basins.展开更多
To improve the success rate of locating hydrocarbon reservoirs in pre-Cenozoic inland compressional basins, taking the Early Yanshanian succession of eastern Yihezhuang salient as an example, this paper studied the se...To improve the success rate of locating hydrocarbon reservoirs in pre-Cenozoic inland compressional basins, taking the Early Yanshanian succession of eastern Yihezhuang salient as an example, this paper studied the sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphic patterns. First, through seismic profiles, well logs, cores and outcrops, the sequence framework was established and internal sedimentary facies were identified. Further, according to analysis of single-wells and connecting-wells, the vertical evolution and horizontal distribution of sedimentation inside the sequence frameworks were discussed. The following results were acquired:(1) meandering river characterized by dual structures superposing each other was developed, and the dual structures can be further divided into three kinds;(2) the entire Early Yanshanian succession was interpreted as one first-order sequence, composed of three third-order sequences, including SQ-Fz1, SQ-Fz2 and SQ-St from bottom to top. Each third-order sequence can be further divided into three system tracts;(3) in different system tracts, different types of dual structures developed separately, and sedimentary bodies showed different horizontal distribution scales and vertical superposition patterns. Finally, the model of sequence stratigraphic patterns was established. This study enhanced the use of sequence stratigraphy to inland tectonically active basins, and would be helpful to predict reservoirs in pre-Cenozoic residual basins.展开更多
Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province has rich multiple complex resources with salt lakes as the core.These resources form a special condition for the development of green economy,having rare and particular nature.The
Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of t...Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin. These indices include patch number, mean patch area, fragment index, patch extension index, etc. The results showed that: (1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area. The fragment degree became very high. (2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes. The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999. The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, non-forest, shrub forest, sparse forest, and Quercus species forest increased rapidly, but that of economic forest became zero. The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted. (3) The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomorphic regions. From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area, the gross number and the density of patch, diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines, but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased. In hilly region, both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999, but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly. In mountain region, even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999, the patch number was increased greatly, the mean area of all patch types was reduced, the extension index, diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased. Furthermore, because of different types of land use, human activity and terrain, the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different. According to these analyses, the main driving forces, such as the policies of management, market economy, influence of human activities etc. are brought out.展开更多
Based on geological analysis,reservoir numerical simulation and production performance analysis,water-out performance and pattern of horizontal wells in Tarim marine sandstone reservoir were studied.Compared with cont...Based on geological analysis,reservoir numerical simulation and production performance analysis,water-out performance and pattern of horizontal wells in Tarim marine sandstone reservoir were studied.Compared with continental sandstone reservoirs,the marine sandstone reservoirs in Tarim Basin were characterized by low oil viscosity,good reservoir continuity,and development of interbeds,which together with the large amount of horizontal wells,resulted in fast production rate and high recovery degree of the reservoirs.The main controlling factors of uneven water-out in horizontal wells were reservoir seepage barrier,injection-production well pattern,and dominant seepage channel.Thus 9 types in 4 categories of typical water-out pattern of horizontal wells in Tarim marine sandstone reservoirs were identified,and water-out management measures were proposed for them respectively according to their water-out mechanism and remaining oil distribution characteristics.Finally,the water-out pattern can be identified based on the inflection characteristics of derivative curve of water-oil ratio.This study of the water-out pattern can provide guidance for the adjustment policy of water injection in horizontal wells in marine sandstone reservoirs of Tarim Oilfield.展开更多
Based on the previous studies and development practice in recent 10 years, a quantitative evaluation method for the adaptability of well patterns to ultra-low permeability reservoirs was established using cluster anal...Based on the previous studies and development practice in recent 10 years, a quantitative evaluation method for the adaptability of well patterns to ultra-low permeability reservoirs was established using cluster analysis and gray correlation method, and it includes 10 evaluation parameters in the four aspects of optimal evaluation parameters, determination of weights for evaluation parameters, development stage division, and determination of classification coefficients. This evaluation method was used to evaluate the well pattern adaptability of 13 main ultra-low permeability reservoirs in Triassic Chang 6 and Chang 8 of Ordos Basin. Three basic understandings were obtained: Firstly, the well pattern for ultra-low permeability type-I reservoirs has generally good adaptability, with proper well pattern forms and well pattern parameters. Secondly, square inverted nine-spot well pattern is suitable for reservoirs with no fractures; rhombic inverted nine-spot injection pattern is suitable for reservoirs with some fractures; and rectangular well pattern is suitable for reservoirs with rich fractures. Thirdly, for the ultra-low permeability type-Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ reservoirs, with the principles of well pattern form determination, the row spacing needs to be optimized further to improve the level of development of such reservoirs.展开更多
陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、...陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、植被指数、纹理因子和地形因子,通过最小信息准则(Akaike information criterion corrected,AICc)和交叉验证(cross-validation,CV)确定最优带宽,采用Gaussian,Bisquare和Exponential核函数构建地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)模型估算艾比湖流域碳储量,并与多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)模型对比,选择最优模型估算碳储量空间分布。结果表明:①GWR模型精度优于MLR模型,以CV与Exponential核函数组合的GWR模型最佳,其精度提升16.31%~66.69%,能较好地反映空间异质性;②2023年流域碳储量约426.28×10^(6)t,地上、地下和土壤碳储量占比分别为31.83%,24.33%和43.28%;③2014—2023年碳储量呈减少趋势,呈现“环艾比湖区低,四周高”的空间格局,其中,以草地生态系统碳储量下降最为显著。展开更多
基金part of the National Key Fundamental Research Program(No.2005CB422108)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40672092).
文摘By analyzing the characteristics of development, structural evolution and reservoir beds of the residual carbonate strata, this study shows that the residual carbonate strata in the Yingmaili low uplift are favorable oil and gas accumulation series in the Tabei （northern Tarim uplift） uplift. There are different patterns of hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern and southern slopes of the Yingmaili low uplift. The north-south differentiation of oil reservoirs were caused by different lithologies of the residual carbonate strata and the key constraints on the development of the reservoir beds. The Mesozoic terrestrial organic matter in the Kuqa depression and the Palaeozoic marine organic matter in the Manjiaer sag of the Northern depression are the major hydrocarbon source rocks for the northern slope and southern slope respectively. The hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern and southern slopes is controlled by differences in maturity and thermal evolution history of these two kinds of organic matter. On the southern slope, the oil accumulation formed in the early stage was destroyed completely, and the period from the late Hercynian to the Himalayian is the most important time for hydrocarbon accumulation. However, the time of hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern slope began 5 Ma B.P. Carbonate inner buried anticlines reservoirs are present on the southern slope, while weathered crust and paleo-buried hill karst carbonate reservoirs are present on the northern slope. The northern and southern slopes had different controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation respectively. Fracture growth in the reservoir beds is the most important controlling factor on the southern slope; while hydrocarbon accumulation on the northern slope is controlled by weathered crust and cap rock.
文摘Three series of sandbox modeling experiments were performed to study the fault-increment pattern in extensional basins. Experimental results showed that the tectonic action mode of boundaries and the shape of major boundary faults control the formation and evolution of faults in extensional basins. In the process of extensional deformation, the increase in the number and length of faults was episodic, and every ＇episode＇ experienced three periods, strain-accumulation period, quick fault-increment period and strain-adjustment period. The more complex the shape of the boundary fault, the higher the strain increment each ＇episode＇ experienced. Different extensional modes resulted in different fault-increment patterns. The horizontal detachment extensional mode has the ＇linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern, while the extensional mode controlled by a listric fault has the ＇stepwise＇ style of fault-increment pattern, and the extensional mode controlled by a ramp-flat boundary fault has the ＇stepwise-linear＇ style of fault-increment pattern. These fault-increment patterns given above could provide a theoretical method of fault interpretation and fracture prediction in extensional basins.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 41472216)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. ZR2016DB29)+3 种基金the Project supported by Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology (No. DMSM2017015)the Water Conservancy Scientific Research and Technology Promotion Projects of Shandong Province (No. SDSLKY201808)the Natural Science Foundation of Jinan University (No. XBS1647)Petroleum Development Centre of the Shengli Oilfield Company for their support
文摘To improve the success rate of locating hydrocarbon reservoirs in pre-Cenozoic inland compressional basins, taking the Early Yanshanian succession of eastern Yihezhuang salient as an example, this paper studied the sedimentary facies and sequence stratigraphic patterns. First, through seismic profiles, well logs, cores and outcrops, the sequence framework was established and internal sedimentary facies were identified. Further, according to analysis of single-wells and connecting-wells, the vertical evolution and horizontal distribution of sedimentation inside the sequence frameworks were discussed. The following results were acquired:(1) meandering river characterized by dual structures superposing each other was developed, and the dual structures can be further divided into three kinds;(2) the entire Early Yanshanian succession was interpreted as one first-order sequence, composed of three third-order sequences, including SQ-Fz1, SQ-Fz2 and SQ-St from bottom to top. Each third-order sequence can be further divided into three system tracts;(3) in different system tracts, different types of dual structures developed separately, and sedimentary bodies showed different horizontal distribution scales and vertical superposition patterns. Finally, the model of sequence stratigraphic patterns was established. This study enhanced the use of sequence stratigraphy to inland tectonically active basins, and would be helpful to predict reservoirs in pre-Cenozoic residual basins.
文摘Qaidam Basin in Qinghai Province has rich multiple complex resources with salt lakes as the core.These resources form a special condition for the development of green economy,having rare and particular nature.The
基金Prominent Youth Science Foundation of Henan Province No.0003+2 种基金 No.9920 Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province No. 0111070100
文摘Based on the information from forest resources distribution maps of Luoning County of 1983 and 1999, six indices were used to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of forest landscapes of the typical region in the middle of the Yihe-Luohe river basin. These indices include patch number, mean patch area, fragment index, patch extension index, etc. The results showed that: (1) There was a rapid increase in the number of patch and total area from 1983 to 1999 in the study area. The fragment degree became very high. (2) The area of all the forest patch types had witnessed great changes. The fractal degree of each forest patch type became big from 1983 to 1999. The mean extension index of Robinia pseudoacacia forest, non-forest, shrub forest, sparse forest, and Quercus species forest increased rapidly, but that of economic forest became zero. The fractal dimension each showed that forest coverage has been promoted. (3) The changes of landscape patterns were different in different geomorphic regions. From 1983 to 1999 the vegetation cover area, the gross number and the density of patch, diversity and evenness of landscape were all reduced greatly in gullies and ravines, but the maximum area and the mean area of patch types were increased. In hilly region, both the forest cover area and the number of patch increased from 1983 to 1999, but the mean area of patch was reduced greatly. In mountain region, even though the area under forest canopy reduced from 1983 to 1999, the patch number was increased greatly, the mean area of all patch types was reduced, the extension index, diversity index and evenness index of landscape were all increased. Furthermore, because of different types of land use, human activity and terrain, the vegetation changes on northern and southern mountain slopes were different. According to these analyses, the main driving forces, such as the policies of management, market economy, influence of human activities etc. are brought out.
基金Supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program(973 Program),China(2015CB250900)
文摘Based on geological analysis,reservoir numerical simulation and production performance analysis,water-out performance and pattern of horizontal wells in Tarim marine sandstone reservoir were studied.Compared with continental sandstone reservoirs,the marine sandstone reservoirs in Tarim Basin were characterized by low oil viscosity,good reservoir continuity,and development of interbeds,which together with the large amount of horizontal wells,resulted in fast production rate and high recovery degree of the reservoirs.The main controlling factors of uneven water-out in horizontal wells were reservoir seepage barrier,injection-production well pattern,and dominant seepage channel.Thus 9 types in 4 categories of typical water-out pattern of horizontal wells in Tarim marine sandstone reservoirs were identified,and water-out management measures were proposed for them respectively according to their water-out mechanism and remaining oil distribution characteristics.Finally,the water-out pattern can be identified based on the inflection characteristics of derivative curve of water-oil ratio.This study of the water-out pattern can provide guidance for the adjustment policy of water injection in horizontal wells in marine sandstone reservoirs of Tarim Oilfield.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05050 2017ZX05013-004)
文摘Based on the previous studies and development practice in recent 10 years, a quantitative evaluation method for the adaptability of well patterns to ultra-low permeability reservoirs was established using cluster analysis and gray correlation method, and it includes 10 evaluation parameters in the four aspects of optimal evaluation parameters, determination of weights for evaluation parameters, development stage division, and determination of classification coefficients. This evaluation method was used to evaluate the well pattern adaptability of 13 main ultra-low permeability reservoirs in Triassic Chang 6 and Chang 8 of Ordos Basin. Three basic understandings were obtained: Firstly, the well pattern for ultra-low permeability type-I reservoirs has generally good adaptability, with proper well pattern forms and well pattern parameters. Secondly, square inverted nine-spot well pattern is suitable for reservoirs with no fractures; rhombic inverted nine-spot injection pattern is suitable for reservoirs with some fractures; and rectangular well pattern is suitable for reservoirs with rich fractures. Thirdly, for the ultra-low permeability type-Ⅱ and type-Ⅲ reservoirs, with the principles of well pattern form determination, the row spacing needs to be optimized further to improve the level of development of such reservoirs.
文摘陆地生态系统碳储量是反映区域生态产品价值核算和增汇减排的重要指标,利用遥感技术开展陆地生态系统碳储量估算与空间反演,可为生态系统固碳潜力及“双碳”目标达成提供重要参考。该文利用Landsat8 OLI影像提取遥感变量,结合单波段、植被指数、纹理因子和地形因子,通过最小信息准则(Akaike information criterion corrected,AICc)和交叉验证(cross-validation,CV)确定最优带宽,采用Gaussian,Bisquare和Exponential核函数构建地理加权回归(geographically weighted regression,GWR)模型估算艾比湖流域碳储量,并与多元线性回归(multiple linear regression,MLR)模型对比,选择最优模型估算碳储量空间分布。结果表明:①GWR模型精度优于MLR模型,以CV与Exponential核函数组合的GWR模型最佳,其精度提升16.31%~66.69%,能较好地反映空间异质性;②2023年流域碳储量约426.28×10^(6)t,地上、地下和土壤碳储量占比分别为31.83%,24.33%和43.28%;③2014—2023年碳储量呈减少趋势,呈现“环艾比湖区低,四周高”的空间格局,其中,以草地生态系统碳储量下降最为显著。
