BACKGROUND： Acupuncture treatment on injured cerebral axons has shown to provide efficacy in clinical practice. It is unknown whether acupuncture produces therapeutic effects by protecting injured cerebral myelin in ...BACKGROUND： Acupuncture treatment on injured cerebral axons has shown to provide efficacy in clinical practice. It is unknown whether acupuncture produces therapeutic effects by protecting injured cerebral myelin in ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE： To test whether acupuncture provides protection for injured cerebral myelin, based on quantitative data from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, and to compare the effects of early and late acupuncture on serum myelin basic protein （MBP） content and remyelination of the ischemic internal capsule.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Neurobiological Laboratory, Sichuan University from March 2005 to March 2006. MATERIALS： ＂Hua Tuo＂ Brand filiform needles were produced by the Medical Instrument Factory of Suzhou, China.METHODS： A total of 52 adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups： control （n = 4）, model （n = 16）, early acupuncture （n = 16）, and late acupuncture （n = 16）. The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the right hemisphere using the modified thread embolism method in the latter three groups. Early and late acupuncture groups underwent acupuncture after ischemia for 30 minutes and 2 hours using the Xingnaokaiqiao needling method, respectively. Acupoints were ＂Neiguarf＇ （PC 6） and ＂Sanyinjiao＂ （SP 6） on the bilateral sides, as well as ＂Shuigou＇ （DU 26） and ＂Baihui＂ （DU 20） with stimulation for 1 minute at each acupoint. Acupuncture at all acupoints was performed two or three times while the needle was retained, once per day. No special handling was administered to the control clroup.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： For each group, remyelination of the internal capsule was observed by Pal-Weigert＇s myelin staining and serum MBP content was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method on days 1,3, 5, and 7 following ischemia-reperfusion injury.RESULTS： Compared with the control group, massive demyelination of the internal capsule occurred, and serum MBP content increased in the model group （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the model group, the extent of demyelination in the internal capsule was less distinct and serum MBP content was significantly less in the early and late acupuncture group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with the late acupuncture group, serum MBP content reached a peak later and the peak value was less in the early acupuncture group. CONCLUSION： Results suggest that acupuncture exerts a protective effect on injured cerebral myelin in ischemia-reperfusion rats by reducing serum MBP content and promoting remyelination. The study also suggests that the effect of early acupuncture is superior to late acupuncture.展开更多
In order to study whether patients with schizophrenia have cerebral injury, neuron-specific enolase （NSE） and myelin basic protein （MBP）in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） of 33 patients with first episode schizophreni...In order to study whether patients with schizophrenia have cerebral injury, neuron-specific enolase （NSE） and myelin basic protein （MBP）in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） of 33 patients with first episode schizophrenia and 9 from the control group were determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. The results showed that there was significant difference in the NSE contents between the experimental group and control group （P〈0.01）. The NSE contents in CSF in the experimental group were positively correlated with MBP in schizophrenia patients （P〈 0.05）. These findings suggested that patients with schizophrenia had cerebral injury.展开更多
Myelin basic protein（MBP） is an essential structure involved in the generation of central nervous system（CNS）myelin.Myelin shape has been described as liquid crystal structure of biological membrane.The interactio...Myelin basic protein（MBP） is an essential structure involved in the generation of central nervous system（CNS）myelin.Myelin shape has been described as liquid crystal structure of biological membrane.The interactions of MBP with monolayers of different lipid compositions are responsible for the multi-lamellar structure and stability of myelin.In this paper,we have designed MBP-incorporated model lipid monolayers and studied the phase behavior of MBP adsorbed on the plasma membrane at the air/water interface by thermodynamic method and atomic force microscopy（AFM）.By analyzing the pressure–area（π–A） and pressure–time（π–T） isotherms,univariate linear regression equation was obtained.In addition,the elastic modulus,surface pressure increase,maximal insertion pressure,and synergy factor of monolayers were detected.These parameters can be used to modulate the monolayers binding of protein,and the results show that MBP has the strongest affinity for 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine（DPPS） monolayer,followed by DPPC/DPPS mixed and1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline（DPPC） monolayers via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.AFM images of DPPS and DPPC/DPPS mixed monolayers in the presence of MBP（5 n M） show a phase separation texture at the surface pressure of 20 m N/m and the incorporation of MBP put into the DPPC monolayers has exerted a significant effect on the domain structure.MBP is not an integral membrane protein but,due to its positive charge,interacts with the lipid head groups and stabilizes the membranes.The interaction between MBP and phospholipid membrane to determine the nervous system of the disease has a good biophysical significance and medical value.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Dithiocarbamates can cause demyelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system. Its derivate, diethyldithiocarbamate, is cytotoxic, and causes olfactory mucosal damage and atrophy of the olfactory bul...BACKGROUND： Dithiocarbamates can cause demyelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system. Its derivate, diethyldithiocarbamate, is cytotoxic, and causes olfactory mucosal damage and atrophy of the olfactory bulb. However, it is still unclear whether the myelin sheath of the lateral olfactory tract is affected by diethyldithiocarbamate. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on the myelin sheath of the rat lateral olfactory tract. This was done by examining changes in myelin basic protein expression after diethyldithiocarbamate treatment. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, China from July to November 2007. MATERIALS： A total of 72 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into a diethyldithiocarbamate group （n = 32）, a solvent control group （n = 32）, and a blank control group （n = 8）. The diethyldithiocarbamate and solvent control groups were separately divided into 3-d, 7-d, 14-d and 28-d survival subgroups, with eight rats in each. Diethyldithiocarbamate （Sigma, USA） and goat anti-myelin basic protein polyclonal antibody （Santa Cruz, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： Rats in the diethyldithiocarbamate and solvent control groups were subcutaneously injected with diethyldithiocarbamate （600 mg/kg） and 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffered saline （600 mg/kg） at the posterior neck, respectively. Rats in the blank control group received no treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay were used to measure myelin basic protein expression in the rat lateral olfactory tract. RESULTS： Following immunohistochemical staining, myelin basic protein was uniformly distributed in the rat lateral olfactory tract in the blank control and solvent control groups. Western blot assay showed 21.5, 18, 17 and 14 ku positive bands. No significant difference was found in myelin basic protein distribution and blot pattern, in the rat lateral olfactory tract, in the diethyldithiocarbamate group, following immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. Myelin basic protein expression gradually decreased at day 3, reached the lowest level at day 7, and gradually increased again at days 14 and 28. CONCLUSION： Demyelination is induced by diethyldithiocarbamate in the rat lateral olfactory tract in an early stage, followed by remyelination at later stages.展开更多
Either triethylamine or diethylenetriamine can be conveniently used as a dynamic modifier to suppress the adsorption of basic proteins in capillary zone electrophoresis. Sufficiently high column efficiencies (> 2x1...Either triethylamine or diethylenetriamine can be conveniently used as a dynamic modifier to suppress the adsorption of basic proteins in capillary zone electrophoresis. Sufficiently high column efficiencies (> 2x10(5) plates/m for cytochrome C) were obtained with either of them along with the improvement of the peak shapes and repeatability of migration time. The relationship between the adsorption suppression effect of the modifier and its structure was discussed.展开更多
A thermodynamic study on the interaction of myelin basic protein with mercury ion was studied by using isothermal titration calonmetry,ITC,at 300.15,310.15 and 320.15 K in Tris buffer solution at pH 7.The enthalpies o...A thermodynamic study on the interaction of myelin basic protein with mercury ion was studied by using isothermal titration calonmetry,ITC,at 300.15,310.15 and 320.15 K in Tris buffer solution at pH 7.The enthalpies of MBP ＋ Hg^（2＋） interaction are reported and analysed in terms of the extended solvation model.It was found that MBP has two identical and non-cooperative binding sites for Hg^（2＋） ions.The intrinsic dissociation equilibrium constants are 99.904,112.968 and 126.724μmol/L,and the molar enthalpy of binding are -11.634,-10.768 and -10.117kJ mol^（-1） at 300.15,310.15 and 320.15 K,respectively.展开更多
Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significant decrease in protein adsorption wa...Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significant decrease in protein adsorption was obtained and EOF was also diminished to zero in the pH range of 3-10.展开更多
Objective In order to determine serum myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods\ Serum MBP was measured in 20 patients with acute hemorrhagi...Objective In order to determine serum myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods\ Serum MBP was measured in 20 patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP) and in 20 normal subjects by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. Results\ Serum MBP content of AHNP group was significantly higher than that of normal control group (P<0.05). Serum MBP content in patients with pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) was significantly higher than that of those without PE (P<0.05). Conclusion\ ①Serum MBP content in patients with AHNP increased significantly;②Serum MBP content may reflect brain injury and its severity;③The prognosis of AHNP is correlated with its serum MBP content.\;展开更多
Both global warming and influenza trouble humans in varying ways, therefore it is important to study the trends in both global warming and evolution of influenza A virus, in particular, proteins from influenza A virus...Both global warming and influenza trouble humans in varying ways, therefore it is important to study the trends in both global warming and evolution of influenza A virus, in particular, proteins from influenza A virus. Recently, we have conducted two studies along this line to determine the trends between global warming and polymerase acidic protein as well as matrix protein 2. Although these two studies reveal some interesting findings, many studies are still in need because at least there are ten different proteins in influenza A virus. In this study, we analyze the trends in global warming and evolution of polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) from influenza A virus. The PB2 evolution from 1956 to 2008 was defined using the unpredictable portion of aminoacid pair. Then the trend in this evolution was compared with the trend in the global temperature, the temperature in north and south hemispheres, and the temperature in influenza A virus sampling site and species carrying influenza A virus. The results show the similar trends in global warming and in PB2 evolution, which are in good agreement with our previous studies in polymerase acidic protein and matrix protein 2 from influenza A virus.展开更多
Global climate changes affect the functioning of ecosystems, in particular host-pathogen interactions, with major consequences in health ecology, however, it is less addressed how the change in global temperature affe...Global climate changes affect the functioning of ecosystems, in particular host-pathogen interactions, with major consequences in health ecology, however, it is less addressed how the change in global temperature affects the protein family of influenza virus. In this study, we studied the adaptation of polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) family from influenza A virus to temperature change. 3841 PB1 proteins sampled from 1956-2011 were quantified by the amino-acid pair predictability and then compared their general changes with the temperature changes (Had-CRUT3v and CRUTEM4v data sets) of corresponding years on a 5? by 5? grid-box basis. Also, point-to-point comparisons were conducted from 1956 to 1998 in all and different species. The results showed that both changes in the temperature and unpredictable portion of PB1 proteins had similar trends from 1956 to 2011, which provides the evidence of virus adaptation at protein level to climate change.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The scia...Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The sciatic nerves of rats were injured by sectioning with shaver,and divided into 3 groups: NGF group (Group A), group of normal saline solution (Group B), untreated group (Group C). The time point of observation was at the 4th week after operation. Sensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were detected by Model WD 4000 nerve potential working diagnosis system. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for identification of MBP.Results: The latency of SEP in the Group A at the 4th week after operation was shorter than that in the Group B (P< 0.05 ). The MEP was elicited in 76% of the Group A and was higher than that in the Group B. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that there were less MBP positive cells in the Group A than in the Group B in one and four weeks respectively.Conclusions: NGF can improve the conductive function of injured peripheral nerve and facilitate regeneration of nerve.展开更多
Background： The interaction between activated microglia and T lymphocytes can yield abundant pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous study proved that thymus immune tolerance could alleviate the inflammatory respons...Background： The interaction between activated microglia and T lymphocytes can yield abundant pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous study proved that thymus immune tolerance could alleviate the inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate whether intrathymic injection of myelin basic protein （MBP） in mice could suppress the inflammatory response after co-culture ofT lymphocytes and BV-2 microglia cells. Methods： Totally, 72 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups （17 - 24 in each）： Group A： intrathymic injection of 100 μl M BP （1 mg/ml）; Group B： intrathymic injection of 100 μ1 phosphate-buffered saline （PBS）; and Group C： sham operation group. Every eight mice in each group were sacrificed to obtain the spleen at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively. T lymphocytes those were extracted and purified from the spleens were then co-cultured with activated BV-2 microglia cells at a proportion of 1：2 in the medium containing MBP for 3 days. After identified the T lymphocytes by CD3, surface antigens oft lymphocytes （CD4, CD8, CD152, and CD154） and BV-2 microglia cells （CD45 and CD54） were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of pro-inflammatory factors of BV-2 microglia cells （interleukin [1L]- 1β, tumor necrosis factor-o~ [TNF-α], and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]） were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. One-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） and the least significant difference test were used for data analysis. Results： The levels of CD152 in Group A showed an upward trend from the 3rd to 7th day, with a downward trend from the 7th to 14th day （20.12 ± 0.71%, 30.71 ± 1.14%, 13.50 ± 0.71% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The levels of CD 154 in Group A showed a downward trend from the 3ra to 7th day, with an upward trend from the 7th to 14th day （1 0.00± 0.23%, 5.28 ±0.69%, 14.67 ± 2.71% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The ratio ofCD4＋/CD8 ＋ T in Group A showed a downward trend from the 3rd to 7th day, with the minimum at postoperative day 7, then an upward trend from the 7th to 14th day （P 〈 0.05）. Meanwhile, the levels of CD45 and CD54 in Group A were found as the same trend as the ratio of CD4＋/CD8 ＋ T （CD45：83.39 ± 2.56%, 82.74± 2.09%, 87.56 ± 2. 11%： CD54：3.80 ± 0.24%, 0.94 ± 0.40%, 3.41 ± 0.33% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The expressions of TNF-α, IL- 1 β, and iNOS in Group A were significantly lower than those in Groups B and C, and the values at postoperative day 7 were the lowest compared with those at postoperative days 3 and 14 （P 〈 0.05）. No significant difference was found between Groups B and C. Conclusions： l ntrathymic injection of MBP could suppress the immune reaction that might reduce the secondary immune injury of brain tissue induced by an inflammatory response.展开更多
To explore the effect of dexamethasone by local treatment on cerebral edema and brain damage after brain injury. Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were classified into 2 groups, Group A (the control group, n=11) and Group B...To explore the effect of dexamethasone by local treatment on cerebral edema and brain damage after brain injury. Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were classified into 2 groups, Group A (the control group, n=11) and Group B (the treated group, n=11). An rabbit brain contusion model was made by bone windowplasty by extradural hitting. Group B was treated by local infiltrating and spraying of dexamethasone at equidistance to lesions. Group A was given normal saline in the same way as Group B. The changes of moisture in brain tissues and serum myelin basic protein (MBP) were observed. Results: The percentage of water content in damaged hemisphere in Group A and Group B was 81.75 %± 0.56 % and 79.45 %± 0.52 % respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P< 0.05 ). The normal level of MBP was 1.66 μg/L± 0.71 μg/L, while the value of MBP in Group A and Group B were 5.98 μg/L± 2.08 μg/L and 3.15 μg/L± 1.09 μg/L separately. The level of MBP in Group A and Group B were higher than normal level and there was also a significant difference between Group A and Group B (P< 0.05 ). Conclusions: The results of our study showed that the brain moisture and MBP in serum were increased after brain injury while reduced after treatment with dexamethasone. It is demonstrated that local treatment of brain injury with dexamethasone has an obvious therapeutic effect on cerebral edema and serum MBP.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine refers to the functional disorder of spleen, pancreas, intestines, and nervous system in modern medicine. OBJECTIVE; To test whether electro-acupuncture c...BACKGROUND： Spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine refers to the functional disorder of spleen, pancreas, intestines, and nervous system in modern medicine. OBJECTIVE; To test whether electro-acupuncture could alter basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, in vivo animal experiment was performed at the National LeveI-B Laboratory of Clinical Cell Molecule and Biology in Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, between March and November in 2008. MATERIALS： Reserpine injection was produced by Guangdong Bangmin Pharmaceutical Co. Rhubarb extract granule preparation was produced by Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical. Huanqiu Brand sterile acupuncture pin was provided by Suzhou Acupuncture Supplies, China. Huatuo Brand electroacupuncture instrument （type SDZ-II） was purchased from Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory, China. METHODS： A total of 96 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control （n = 32） and induction （n = 64） groups. Spleen deficiency was induced via intraperitoneal injection of reserpine and intragastric administration of rhubarb. The successful models were randomized into two groups： model and electro-acupuncture, with 32 rats in each group. Electro-acupuncture was administered at Zusanfi （ST 36） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6） acupoints using a condensation wave and rarefaction （condensation wave 15 Hz） at a strength of 6-15 V for 20 minutes, once per day. The appearance of a slight shiver in the corresponding locus was taken as the standard. According to electro- acupuncture time points, each group was assigned to four subgroups at 7, 14, 28, and 49 days, respectively, with eight rats in each subgroup. Immunohistochemical staining, image analysis, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed at different time points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： bFGF protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats. RESULTS： After 7 days of electro-acupuncture therapy, bFGF protein and mRNA expression significantly increased compared with the model and control groups （P 〈 0.05）. After 14 days, bFGF protein and mRNA expression decreased until 28 days, where levels were then equal to the model group and greater than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. After 49 days, the above indices remained increased in the electro-acupuncture group compared to the model and control groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Continuous electro-acupuncture maintained a high level of bFGF protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats.展开更多
BACKGROUND： cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） is a key modulator of various signaling pathways. CREB activation initiates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival. OBJE...BACKGROUND： cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） is a key modulator of various signaling pathways. CREB activation initiates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the regulatory effects of basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） on cerebral neuronal CREB expression following ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An immunohistochemical detection experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, between October 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy, adult, Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated （n =12）, ischemia/reperfusion （n = 24）, and bFGF-treated （n = 24）. Rabbit anti-rat CREB （1： 100） and biotin labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from the Wuhan Boster Company, China. MetaMorph-evolution MP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system was provided by China Medical University, China. METHODS： Rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were developed using the suture method for right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two-hour ischemia was followed by reperfusion. Rats from the bFGF-treated and ischemia/reperfusion groups were intraperitoneally administered endogenous bFGF （500 IU/mL, 2 000 IU/kg） or an equal amount of physiological saline. Rats from the sham-operated group underwent a similar surgical procedure, without induction of ischemia/reperfusion injury and drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After 48-hour reperfusion, hippocampal and parietal cortical neuronal CREB expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the absorbance of hippocampal CREB-positive products was determined using MetaMorph-evolutionMP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system. RESULTS： The sham-operated group exhibited noticeable CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the CREB expression was discrete and neurons were poorly arranged. The bFGF-treated group exhibited increased CREB expression and better neuronal arrangement compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group. The mean absorbance of CREB-immunoreactive products in the hippocampus and parietal cortex was significantly higher in the ischemia/reperfusion group than in the sham-operated group （P 〈 0.05）, and significantly higher in the bFGF-treated group than in the ischemia/reperfusion group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： bFGF significantly upregulates CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons following ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
An improved CBB staining with higher sensitivity than that of the typical CBB staining was reported.The main improvement was using a fixing step of 25% trichloroacetic acid(TCA) before CBB staining.For most proteins s...An improved CBB staining with higher sensitivity than that of the typical CBB staining was reported.The main improvement was using a fixing step of 25% trichloroacetic acid(TCA) before CBB staining.For most proteins studied,the sensitivity of the improved CBB staining was about twice as high as that of the typical method.For basic and low molecular weight proteins such as ribosomal proteins,the sensitivity of this improved staining method was about 3.5-28 times that of the typical method.It was speculated that the improved procedure would be suitable for exact quantitative analysis of proteins fractionated by SDS-PAGE,especially for basic and low molecular weight proteins.On the other hand,this new modified method might be also applied to multidisciplinary studies,such as biological researches and nuclear sciences.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND： Acupuncture treatment on injured cerebral axons has shown to provide efficacy in clinical practice. It is unknown whether acupuncture produces therapeutic effects by protecting injured cerebral myelin in ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE： To test whether acupuncture provides protection for injured cerebral myelin, based on quantitative data from cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats, and to compare the effects of early and late acupuncture on serum myelin basic protein （MBP） content and remyelination of the ischemic internal capsule.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Neurobiological Laboratory, Sichuan University from March 2005 to March 2006. MATERIALS： ＂Hua Tuo＂ Brand filiform needles were produced by the Medical Instrument Factory of Suzhou, China.METHODS： A total of 52 adult, healthy, male, Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups： control （n = 4）, model （n = 16）, early acupuncture （n = 16）, and late acupuncture （n = 16）. The focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion in the right hemisphere using the modified thread embolism method in the latter three groups. Early and late acupuncture groups underwent acupuncture after ischemia for 30 minutes and 2 hours using the Xingnaokaiqiao needling method, respectively. Acupoints were ＂Neiguarf＇ （PC 6） and ＂Sanyinjiao＂ （SP 6） on the bilateral sides, as well as ＂Shuigou＇ （DU 26） and ＂Baihui＂ （DU 20） with stimulation for 1 minute at each acupoint. Acupuncture at all acupoints was performed two or three times while the needle was retained, once per day. No special handling was administered to the control clroup.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： For each group, remyelination of the internal capsule was observed by Pal-Weigert＇s myelin staining and serum MBP content was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method on days 1,3, 5, and 7 following ischemia-reperfusion injury.RESULTS： Compared with the control group, massive demyelination of the internal capsule occurred, and serum MBP content increased in the model group （P 〈 0.05）. Compared with the model group, the extent of demyelination in the internal capsule was less distinct and serum MBP content was significantly less in the early and late acupuncture group （P 〈 0.01 ）. Compared with the late acupuncture group, serum MBP content reached a peak later and the peak value was less in the early acupuncture group. CONCLUSION： Results suggest that acupuncture exerts a protective effect on injured cerebral myelin in ischemia-reperfusion rats by reducing serum MBP content and promoting remyelination. The study also suggests that the effect of early acupuncture is superior to late acupuncture.
文摘In order to study whether patients with schizophrenia have cerebral injury, neuron-specific enolase （NSE） and myelin basic protein （MBP）in cerebrospinal fluid （CSF） of 33 patients with first episode schizophrenia and 9 from the control group were determined by double antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay method. The results showed that there was significant difference in the NSE contents between the experimental group and control group （P〈0.01）. The NSE contents in CSF in the experimental group were positively correlated with MBP in schizophrenia patients （P〈 0.05）. These findings suggested that patients with schizophrenia had cerebral injury.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21402114 and 11544009)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2016JM2010)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.GK201604004)the National University Science and Technology Innovation Project of China(Grant Nos.201610718014 and cx16018)
文摘Myelin basic protein（MBP） is an essential structure involved in the generation of central nervous system（CNS）myelin.Myelin shape has been described as liquid crystal structure of biological membrane.The interactions of MBP with monolayers of different lipid compositions are responsible for the multi-lamellar structure and stability of myelin.In this paper,we have designed MBP-incorporated model lipid monolayers and studied the phase behavior of MBP adsorbed on the plasma membrane at the air/water interface by thermodynamic method and atomic force microscopy（AFM）.By analyzing the pressure–area（π–A） and pressure–time（π–T） isotherms,univariate linear regression equation was obtained.In addition,the elastic modulus,surface pressure increase,maximal insertion pressure,and synergy factor of monolayers were detected.These parameters can be used to modulate the monolayers binding of protein,and the results show that MBP has the strongest affinity for 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine（DPPS） monolayer,followed by DPPC/DPPS mixed and1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline（DPPC） monolayers via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions.AFM images of DPPS and DPPC/DPPS mixed monolayers in the presence of MBP（5 n M） show a phase separation texture at the surface pressure of 20 m N/m and the incorporation of MBP put into the DPPC monolayers has exerted a significant effect on the domain structure.MBP is not an integral membrane protein but,due to its positive charge,interacts with the lipid head groups and stabilizes the membranes.The interaction between MBP and phospholipid membrane to determine the nervous system of the disease has a good biophysical significance and medical value.
基金Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30600224Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30700438+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Foundation of China,No.20060390886Hunan Province Natural Science Foundation,No.07JJ5026Hunan Province Scientific Program,No.2008FJ3138
文摘BACKGROUND： Dithiocarbamates can cause demyelination of axons in the peripheral nervous system. Its derivate, diethyldithiocarbamate, is cytotoxic, and causes olfactory mucosal damage and atrophy of the olfactory bulb. However, it is still unclear whether the myelin sheath of the lateral olfactory tract is affected by diethyldithiocarbamate. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate on the myelin sheath of the rat lateral olfactory tract. This was done by examining changes in myelin basic protein expression after diethyldithiocarbamate treatment. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled, animal study was performed at the Laboratory of the Department of Human Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, China from July to November 2007. MATERIALS： A total of 72 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into a diethyldithiocarbamate group （n = 32）, a solvent control group （n = 32）, and a blank control group （n = 8）. The diethyldithiocarbamate and solvent control groups were separately divided into 3-d, 7-d, 14-d and 28-d survival subgroups, with eight rats in each. Diethyldithiocarbamate （Sigma, USA） and goat anti-myelin basic protein polyclonal antibody （Santa Cruz, USA） were used in this study. METHODS： Rats in the diethyldithiocarbamate and solvent control groups were subcutaneously injected with diethyldithiocarbamate （600 mg/kg） and 0.01 mol/L phosphate buffered saline （600 mg/kg） at the posterior neck, respectively. Rats in the blank control group received no treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay were used to measure myelin basic protein expression in the rat lateral olfactory tract. RESULTS： Following immunohistochemical staining, myelin basic protein was uniformly distributed in the rat lateral olfactory tract in the blank control and solvent control groups. Western blot assay showed 21.5, 18, 17 and 14 ku positive bands. No significant difference was found in myelin basic protein distribution and blot pattern, in the rat lateral olfactory tract, in the diethyldithiocarbamate group, following immunohistochemical staining and Western blot assay. Myelin basic protein expression gradually decreased at day 3, reached the lowest level at day 7, and gradually increased again at days 14 and 28. CONCLUSION： Demyelination is induced by diethyldithiocarbamate in the rat lateral olfactory tract in an early stage, followed by remyelination at later stages.
文摘Either triethylamine or diethylenetriamine can be conveniently used as a dynamic modifier to suppress the adsorption of basic proteins in capillary zone electrophoresis. Sufficiently high column efficiencies (> 2x10(5) plates/m for cytochrome C) were obtained with either of them along with the improvement of the peak shapes and repeatability of migration time. The relationship between the adsorption suppression effect of the modifier and its structure was discussed.
文摘A thermodynamic study on the interaction of myelin basic protein with mercury ion was studied by using isothermal titration calonmetry,ITC,at 300.15,310.15 and 320.15 K in Tris buffer solution at pH 7.The enthalpies of MBP ＋ Hg^（2＋） interaction are reported and analysed in terms of the extended solvation model.It was found that MBP has two identical and non-cooperative binding sites for Hg^（2＋） ions.The intrinsic dissociation equilibrium constants are 99.904,112.968 and 126.724μmol/L,and the molar enthalpy of binding are -11.634,-10.768 and -10.117kJ mol^（-1） at 300.15,310.15 and 320.15 K,respectively.
文摘Coated capillary columns were prepared by sol-gel technology and used in the separation of basic proteins with capillary zone electrophoresis. The results indicated that a significant decrease in protein adsorption was obtained and EOF was also diminished to zero in the pH range of 3-10.
文摘Objective In order to determine serum myelin basic protein (MBP) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis and evaluate its clinical significance. Methods\ Serum MBP was measured in 20 patients with acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis (AHNP) and in 20 normal subjects by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay. Results\ Serum MBP content of AHNP group was significantly higher than that of normal control group (P<0.05). Serum MBP content in patients with pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) was significantly higher than that of those without PE (P<0.05). Conclusion\ ①Serum MBP content in patients with AHNP increased significantly;②Serum MBP content may reflect brain injury and its severity;③The prognosis of AHNP is correlated with its serum MBP content.\;
文摘Both global warming and influenza trouble humans in varying ways, therefore it is important to study the trends in both global warming and evolution of influenza A virus, in particular, proteins from influenza A virus. Recently, we have conducted two studies along this line to determine the trends between global warming and polymerase acidic protein as well as matrix protein 2. Although these two studies reveal some interesting findings, many studies are still in need because at least there are ten different proteins in influenza A virus. In this study, we analyze the trends in global warming and evolution of polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) from influenza A virus. The PB2 evolution from 1956 to 2008 was defined using the unpredictable portion of aminoacid pair. Then the trend in this evolution was compared with the trend in the global temperature, the temperature in north and south hemispheres, and the temperature in influenza A virus sampling site and species carrying influenza A virus. The results show the similar trends in global warming and in PB2 evolution, which are in good agreement with our previous studies in polymerase acidic protein and matrix protein 2 from influenza A virus.
文摘Global climate changes affect the functioning of ecosystems, in particular host-pathogen interactions, with major consequences in health ecology, however, it is less addressed how the change in global temperature affects the protein family of influenza virus. In this study, we studied the adaptation of polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) family from influenza A virus to temperature change. 3841 PB1 proteins sampled from 1956-2011 were quantified by the amino-acid pair predictability and then compared their general changes with the temperature changes (Had-CRUT3v and CRUTEM4v data sets) of corresponding years on a 5? by 5? grid-box basis. Also, point-to-point comparisons were conducted from 1956 to 1998 in all and different species. The results showed that both changes in the temperature and unpredictable portion of PB1 proteins had similar trends from 1956 to 2011, which provides the evidence of virus adaptation at protein level to climate change.
基金ThisworkwassupportedbytheMajorStateBasicResearchDevelopmentProgramofChina (No .G19990 5 42 0 6 )
文摘Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of nerve growth factor (NGF) on changes of myelin basic protein (MBP) and functional repair of sensory and motor nerve following sciatic nerve injury. Methods: The sciatic nerves of rats were injured by sectioning with shaver,and divided into 3 groups: NGF group (Group A), group of normal saline solution (Group B), untreated group (Group C). The time point of observation was at the 4th week after operation. Sensory evoked potential (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) were detected by Model WD 4000 nerve potential working diagnosis system. Immunohistochemical analysis was used for identification of MBP.Results: The latency of SEP in the Group A at the 4th week after operation was shorter than that in the Group B (P< 0.05 ). The MEP was elicited in 76% of the Group A and was higher than that in the Group B. Results of immunohistochemistry showed that there were less MBP positive cells in the Group A than in the Group B in one and four weeks respectively.Conclusions: NGF can improve the conductive function of injured peripheral nerve and facilitate regeneration of nerve.
文摘Background： The interaction between activated microglia and T lymphocytes can yield abundant pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous study proved that thymus immune tolerance could alleviate the inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate whether intrathymic injection of myelin basic protein （MBP） in mice could suppress the inflammatory response after co-culture ofT lymphocytes and BV-2 microglia cells. Methods： Totally, 72 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups （17 - 24 in each）： Group A： intrathymic injection of 100 μl M BP （1 mg/ml）; Group B： intrathymic injection of 100 μ1 phosphate-buffered saline （PBS）; and Group C： sham operation group. Every eight mice in each group were sacrificed to obtain the spleen at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively. T lymphocytes those were extracted and purified from the spleens were then co-cultured with activated BV-2 microglia cells at a proportion of 1：2 in the medium containing MBP for 3 days. After identified the T lymphocytes by CD3, surface antigens oft lymphocytes （CD4, CD8, CD152, and CD154） and BV-2 microglia cells （CD45 and CD54） were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of pro-inflammatory factors of BV-2 microglia cells （interleukin [1L]- 1β, tumor necrosis factor-o~ [TNF-α], and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]） were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. One-way analysis of variance （ANOVA） and the least significant difference test were used for data analysis. Results： The levels of CD152 in Group A showed an upward trend from the 3rd to 7th day, with a downward trend from the 7th to 14th day （20.12 ± 0.71%, 30.71 ± 1.14%, 13.50 ± 0.71% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The levels of CD 154 in Group A showed a downward trend from the 3ra to 7th day, with an upward trend from the 7th to 14th day （1 0.00± 0.23%, 5.28 ±0.69%, 14.67 ± 2.71% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The ratio ofCD4＋/CD8 ＋ T in Group A showed a downward trend from the 3rd to 7th day, with the minimum at postoperative day 7, then an upward trend from the 7th to 14th day （P 〈 0.05）. Meanwhile, the levels of CD45 and CD54 in Group A were found as the same trend as the ratio of CD4＋/CD8 ＋ T （CD45：83.39 ± 2.56%, 82.74± 2.09%, 87.56 ± 2. 11%： CD54：3.80 ± 0.24%, 0.94 ± 0.40%, 3.41 ± 0.33% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. The expressions of TNF-α, IL- 1 β, and iNOS in Group A were significantly lower than those in Groups B and C, and the values at postoperative day 7 were the lowest compared with those at postoperative days 3 and 14 （P 〈 0.05）. No significant difference was found between Groups B and C. Conclusions： l ntrathymic injection of MBP could suppress the immune reaction that might reduce the secondary immune injury of brain tissue induced by an inflammatory response.
文摘To explore the effect of dexamethasone by local treatment on cerebral edema and brain damage after brain injury. Methods: Twenty-two rabbits were classified into 2 groups, Group A (the control group, n=11) and Group B (the treated group, n=11). An rabbit brain contusion model was made by bone windowplasty by extradural hitting. Group B was treated by local infiltrating and spraying of dexamethasone at equidistance to lesions. Group A was given normal saline in the same way as Group B. The changes of moisture in brain tissues and serum myelin basic protein (MBP) were observed. Results: The percentage of water content in damaged hemisphere in Group A and Group B was 81.75 %± 0.56 % and 79.45 %± 0.52 % respectively. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups (P< 0.05 ). The normal level of MBP was 1.66 μg/L± 0.71 μg/L, while the value of MBP in Group A and Group B were 5.98 μg/L± 2.08 μg/L and 3.15 μg/L± 1.09 μg/L separately. The level of MBP in Group A and Group B were higher than normal level and there was also a significant difference between Group A and Group B (P< 0.05 ). Conclusions: The results of our study showed that the brain moisture and MBP in serum were increased after brain injury while reduced after treatment with dexamethasone. It is demonstrated that local treatment of brain injury with dexamethasone has an obvious therapeutic effect on cerebral edema and serum MBP.
基金Science and Technology Plan Program of Social Development of Guangdong Science and Technology Department in 2007,No.73127
文摘BACKGROUND： Spleen deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine refers to the functional disorder of spleen, pancreas, intestines, and nervous system in modern medicine. OBJECTIVE; To test whether electro-acupuncture could alter basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The randomized, controlled, in vivo animal experiment was performed at the National LeveI-B Laboratory of Clinical Cell Molecule and Biology in Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, between March and November in 2008. MATERIALS： Reserpine injection was produced by Guangdong Bangmin Pharmaceutical Co. Rhubarb extract granule preparation was produced by Guangdong Yifang Pharmaceutical. Huanqiu Brand sterile acupuncture pin was provided by Suzhou Acupuncture Supplies, China. Huatuo Brand electroacupuncture instrument （type SDZ-II） was purchased from Suzhou Medical Appliance Factory, China. METHODS： A total of 96 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control （n = 32） and induction （n = 64） groups. Spleen deficiency was induced via intraperitoneal injection of reserpine and intragastric administration of rhubarb. The successful models were randomized into two groups： model and electro-acupuncture, with 32 rats in each group. Electro-acupuncture was administered at Zusanfi （ST 36） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6） acupoints using a condensation wave and rarefaction （condensation wave 15 Hz） at a strength of 6-15 V for 20 minutes, once per day. The appearance of a slight shiver in the corresponding locus was taken as the standard. According to electro- acupuncture time points, each group was assigned to four subgroups at 7, 14, 28, and 49 days, respectively, with eight rats in each subgroup. Immunohistochemical staining, image analysis, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction were performed at different time points. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： bFGF protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats. RESULTS： After 7 days of electro-acupuncture therapy, bFGF protein and mRNA expression significantly increased compared with the model and control groups （P 〈 0.05）. After 14 days, bFGF protein and mRNA expression decreased until 28 days, where levels were then equal to the model group and greater than the control group （P 〈 0.05）. After 49 days, the above indices remained increased in the electro-acupuncture group compared to the model and control groups （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Continuous electro-acupuncture maintained a high level of bFGF protein and mRNA expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of spleen deficiency rats.
基金Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Provincial Education Department for Higher Education Institutions, No.05L442
文摘BACKGROUND： cAMP-response element binding protein （CREB） is a key modulator of various signaling pathways. CREB activation initiates a series of intracellular signaling pathways that promote neuronal survival. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the regulatory effects of basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） on cerebral neuronal CREB expression following ischemia/reperfusion injury. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An immunohistochemical detection experiment was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Shenyang Medical College, between October 2006 and April 2008. MATERIALS： A total of 60 healthy, adult, Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham-operated （n =12）, ischemia/reperfusion （n = 24）, and bFGF-treated （n = 24）. Rabbit anti-rat CREB （1： 100） and biotin labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG were purchased from the Wuhan Boster Company, China. MetaMorph-evolution MP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system was provided by China Medical University, China. METHODS： Rat models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury were developed using the suture method for right middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two-hour ischemia was followed by reperfusion. Rats from the bFGF-treated and ischemia/reperfusion groups were intraperitoneally administered endogenous bFGF （500 IU/mL, 2 000 IU/kg） or an equal amount of physiological saline. Rats from the sham-operated group underwent a similar surgical procedure, without induction of ischemia/reperfusion injury and drug administration. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： After 48-hour reperfusion, hippocampal and parietal cortical neuronal CREB expression was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the absorbance of hippocampal CREB-positive products was determined using MetaMorph-evolutionMP5.0-BX51 microscopy imaging system. RESULTS： The sham-operated group exhibited noticeable CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons. In the ischemia/reperfusion group, the CREB expression was discrete and neurons were poorly arranged. The bFGF-treated group exhibited increased CREB expression and better neuronal arrangement compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group. The mean absorbance of CREB-immunoreactive products in the hippocampus and parietal cortex was significantly higher in the ischemia/reperfusion group than in the sham-operated group （P 〈 0.05）, and significantly higher in the bFGF-treated group than in the ischemia/reperfusion group （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： bFGF significantly upregulates CREB expression in hippocampal and parietal cortical neurons following ischemia/reperfusion injury.
文摘An improved CBB staining with higher sensitivity than that of the typical CBB staining was reported.The main improvement was using a fixing step of 25% trichloroacetic acid(TCA) before CBB staining.For most proteins studied,the sensitivity of the improved CBB staining was about twice as high as that of the typical method.For basic and low molecular weight proteins such as ribosomal proteins,the sensitivity of this improved staining method was about 3.5-28 times that of the typical method.It was speculated that the improved procedure would be suitable for exact quantitative analysis of proteins fractionated by SDS-PAGE,especially for basic and low molecular weight proteins.On the other hand,this new modified method might be also applied to multidisciplinary studies,such as biological researches and nuclear sciences.
