Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United States.The earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geologica...Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United States.The earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to 1975.This project used soil collected from a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous U.S.The National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the U.S.Department of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in both the conterminous U.S.and Alaska.The sampled area represented about 65%of the nation.The Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous U.S.This data set contains analyses of more than 3000 samples.The National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the U.S.not covered by the NURE-HSSR Program.This data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 samples.The USGS,in collaboration with the Mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in 2007.Sampling of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the U.S.was completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently ongoing.The NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the U.S.This data set currently contains data from more than 1400 sites.This paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms of its appropriateness as a national-scale geochemical database and its usefulness for nationalscale geochemical mapping.展开更多
Objective To assess the attitudes toward and factors influencing starting insulin use among community-based patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods This secondary analysis used baseline data from patients with T2D ...Objective To assess the attitudes toward and factors influencing starting insulin use among community-based patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods This secondary analysis used baseline data from patients with T2D recruited through convenience sampling from a community-based peer support intervention study implemented in nine community health service centers in Shanghai since 2017.展开更多
Introduction:This study explores the midgut microbiota of mosquitoes in Haikou and Sanya cities,regions critical for understanding vector-borne disease dynamics in Hainan Province,China.It provides baseline data on mi...Introduction:This study explores the midgut microbiota of mosquitoes in Haikou and Sanya cities,regions critical for understanding vector-borne disease dynamics in Hainan Province,China.It provides baseline data on microbial composition and examines their potential role in influencing mosquito biology and vector competence,while highlighting the need for further research into their association with vectorborne viral infections.Methods:Adult mosquitoes were collected using light traps and human bait methods.Species identification was conducted through morphological examination and DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene(cox1).The V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene were sequenced using high-throughput methods to investigate the midgut microbiota.Statistical analyses,including Alpha and Beta diversity assessments of the sequencing results,were performed using SPSS 21.0 and R version 3.11.Results:The predominant mosquito species identified were Aedes albopictus,Armigeres subalbatus,and Culex pipiens.Microbiota analysis of 281 midguts revealed that Proteobacteria dominated(85.28%),with significant fractions being Alphaproteobacteria(52.14%),Gammaproteobacteria(29.90%),and Betaproteobacteria(3.22%).Other notable phyla included Firmicutes(6.24%),Actinobacteria(3.81%),and lesser quantities of Thermi,Cyanobacteria,and Bacteroidetes.Significant geographic variation in bacterial communities was observed between Haikou and Sanya(P<0.05),with unique taxa like Thermi and Cyanobacteria identified only in Haikou and Chlamydiae found solely in Sanya.The analysis revealed 204 overlapping species,with 473 unique to Haikou and 64 to Sanya.Conclusions:This study revealed significant geographic differences in the midgut microbiota of mosquitoes from Haikou and Sanya,providing foundational data for understanding their potential impact on mosquito biology and disease transmission.While the direct relationship between these microbial variations and vector-borne disease dynamics requires further investigation,these findings underscore the importance of mosquito microbiota research as part of broader strategies to mitigate vector-borne disease risks.展开更多
Responsible stock enhancement initiatives require baseline data of wild population demographic conditions that can be used in testing management outcomes.This study provides the first fishery-independent assessment of...Responsible stock enhancement initiatives require baseline data of wild population demographic conditions that can be used in testing management outcomes.This study provides the first fishery-independent assessment of length-and age-based biological characteristics of exploited populations of Platycephalus fuscus in eastern Australia prior to stock enhancement.Sampling was conducted over seven estuaries spanning seven degrees of latitude and the geographical range of proposed stock enhancements.Populations in all estuaries showed evidence of length and age truncation,especially those subject to commercial fisheries where young individuals of both sexes dominated populations.Maximum longevities were 12 and 11 years for females and males respectively,but few females>5 years and males>3 years were generally sampled.Females dominated populations,and on average,the mean lengths and ages of females were greater than males within each estuary and across all age classes.Sexually dimorphic variation in growth was evident across all estuaries,with females attaining greater maximum lengths than males.Estuary-specific differences in individual growth were not identified.On average,over 50%of females sampled in each estuary were>the minimum legal length(MLL),but the opposite was evident for males.In contrast,over 25%of males in each estuary were>the mean length at maturity(L50),whereas in all but one estuary<13%of the females were>the L50.Stocked male and female P.fuscus should recruit to the fishery in 2 and 3 years,and contribute to the spawning stock in 1.5 and 4.5 years,respectively.This study provides important historical baseline data that can contribute to testing stock enhancement outcomes on populations.展开更多
文摘Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United States.The earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to 1975.This project used soil collected from a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous U.S.The National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the U.S.Department of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in both the conterminous U.S.and Alaska.The sampled area represented about 65%of the nation.The Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous U.S.This data set contains analyses of more than 3000 samples.The National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the U.S.not covered by the NURE-HSSR Program.This data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 samples.The USGS,in collaboration with the Mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in 2007.Sampling of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the U.S.was completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently ongoing.The NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the U.S.This data set currently contains data from more than 1400 sites.This paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms of its appropriateness as a national-scale geochemical database and its usefulness for nationalscale geochemical mapping.
文摘Objective To assess the attitudes toward and factors influencing starting insulin use among community-based patients with type 2 diabetes(T2D).Methods This secondary analysis used baseline data from patients with T2D recruited through convenience sampling from a community-based peer support intervention study implemented in nine community health service centers in Shanghai since 2017.
基金Supported by the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(824QN269,822QN324)Hainan Province Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project(KJRC2023D29)+1 种基金Hainan Tropical Disease Research Center(Hainan Sub-Center,Chinese Center for Tropical Disease Research)(HNTDC202303)National Key Plan for Scientific Research and Development of China(2023YFA1801002).
文摘Introduction:This study explores the midgut microbiota of mosquitoes in Haikou and Sanya cities,regions critical for understanding vector-borne disease dynamics in Hainan Province,China.It provides baseline data on microbial composition and examines their potential role in influencing mosquito biology and vector competence,while highlighting the need for further research into their association with vectorborne viral infections.Methods:Adult mosquitoes were collected using light traps and human bait methods.Species identification was conducted through morphological examination and DNA barcoding using the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene(cox1).The V3–V4 hypervariable regions of the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene were sequenced using high-throughput methods to investigate the midgut microbiota.Statistical analyses,including Alpha and Beta diversity assessments of the sequencing results,were performed using SPSS 21.0 and R version 3.11.Results:The predominant mosquito species identified were Aedes albopictus,Armigeres subalbatus,and Culex pipiens.Microbiota analysis of 281 midguts revealed that Proteobacteria dominated(85.28%),with significant fractions being Alphaproteobacteria(52.14%),Gammaproteobacteria(29.90%),and Betaproteobacteria(3.22%).Other notable phyla included Firmicutes(6.24%),Actinobacteria(3.81%),and lesser quantities of Thermi,Cyanobacteria,and Bacteroidetes.Significant geographic variation in bacterial communities was observed between Haikou and Sanya(P<0.05),with unique taxa like Thermi and Cyanobacteria identified only in Haikou and Chlamydiae found solely in Sanya.The analysis revealed 204 overlapping species,with 473 unique to Haikou and 64 to Sanya.Conclusions:This study revealed significant geographic differences in the midgut microbiota of mosquitoes from Haikou and Sanya,providing foundational data for understanding their potential impact on mosquito biology and disease transmission.While the direct relationship between these microbial variations and vector-borne disease dynamics requires further investigation,these findings underscore the importance of mosquito microbiota research as part of broader strategies to mitigate vector-borne disease risks.
文摘Responsible stock enhancement initiatives require baseline data of wild population demographic conditions that can be used in testing management outcomes.This study provides the first fishery-independent assessment of length-and age-based biological characteristics of exploited populations of Platycephalus fuscus in eastern Australia prior to stock enhancement.Sampling was conducted over seven estuaries spanning seven degrees of latitude and the geographical range of proposed stock enhancements.Populations in all estuaries showed evidence of length and age truncation,especially those subject to commercial fisheries where young individuals of both sexes dominated populations.Maximum longevities were 12 and 11 years for females and males respectively,but few females>5 years and males>3 years were generally sampled.Females dominated populations,and on average,the mean lengths and ages of females were greater than males within each estuary and across all age classes.Sexually dimorphic variation in growth was evident across all estuaries,with females attaining greater maximum lengths than males.Estuary-specific differences in individual growth were not identified.On average,over 50%of females sampled in each estuary were>the minimum legal length(MLL),but the opposite was evident for males.In contrast,over 25%of males in each estuary were>the mean length at maturity(L50),whereas in all but one estuary<13%of the females were>the L50.Stocked male and female P.fuscus should recruit to the fishery in 2 and 3 years,and contribute to the spawning stock in 1.5 and 4.5 years,respectively.This study provides important historical baseline data that can contribute to testing stock enhancement outcomes on populations.
