The integration of electric field enhancement structures(EFESs)with Rydberg atomic sensors(RASs)has garnered considerable interest due to their potential to enhance detection sensitivity in quantum measurement systems...The integration of electric field enhancement structures(EFESs)with Rydberg atomic sensors(RASs)has garnered considerable interest due to their potential to enhance detection sensitivity in quantum measurement systems.Despite this,there is a dearth of research on the directional response of EFES,and the analysis of the three-dimensional(3D)patterns of RAS remains a formidable challenge.RASs are employed in non-destructive measurement techniques,and are responsive to electric fields,primarily serving as reception devices.However,analyzing their reception patterns is a complex task that requires a sophisticated approach.To address this,we adopt characteristic mode(CM)analysis to illustrate the omnidirectional performance of RAS.According to the CM theory,the reception pattern can be calculated by a series of modal currents and their corresponding coefficients.The analytical representation of these coeficients negates the need for time-consuming full-wave(FW)numerical simulations,which are typically required to generate EFES patterns due to the necessity of scanning numerous angle parameters.This approach significantly reduces the complexity of solving EFES patterns,and provides insightful guidance for the design process.To validate the efficacy of our proposed method,we construct three prototypes.The results indicate that the final model resonates at 1.96 GHz,achieving an electric field gain of 25 dB and an out-of-roundness of 2.4 dB.These findings underscore the effectiveness of our method in analyzing EFES patterns,highlighting its potential for future applications in the field.展开更多
We present the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)spectra of cold Rydberg four-level cascade atoms consisting of the 6S_(1/2)→6P_(3/2)→7S_(1/2)→60P_(3/2) scheme.A coupling laser drives the Rydberg transit...We present the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)spectra of cold Rydberg four-level cascade atoms consisting of the 6S_(1/2)→6P_(3/2)→7S_(1/2)→60P_(3/2) scheme.A coupling laser drives the Rydberg transition,a dressing laser couples two intermediate levels and a weak probe laser probes the EIT signal.We numerically solve the Bloch equations and investigate the dependence of the probe transmission rate signal on the coupling and dressing lasers.We find that the probe transmission rate can display an EIT or electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA)profile,depending on the Rabi frequencies of the coupling and dressing lasers.When we increase the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser and keep the Rabi frequency of the probe and dressing laser fixed,flipping of the EIA to EIT spectrum occurs at the critical coupling Rabi frequency.When we apply a microwave field coupling the transition 60P_(3/2)→61S_(1/2),the EIT spectrum shows Autler–Townes splitting,which is employed to measure the microwave field.The theoretical measurement sensitivity can be 1.52×10^(−2) nV・cm^(−1)・Hz−^(1/2) at the EIA–EIT flipping point.展开更多
Quantum navigation,based on the principles of quantum mechanics,holds transformative potential for future positioning,navigation,and timing(PNT)systems.Compared to traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS)...Quantum navigation,based on the principles of quantum mechanics,holds transformative potential for future positioning,navigation,and timing(PNT)systems.Compared to traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),quantum navigation offers superior precision and robustness,particularly in challenging environments such as deep-sea exploration,space missions,and military applications where signal disruptions are common.This paper systematically reviews the fundamental principles of quantum navigation devices,tracing their research and development progress while analyzing the technical challenges and limitations faced in current studies.Quantum inertial measurement devices play a pivotal role in these systems,including atom interferometer gyroscopes and accelerometers,spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)atomic spin gyroscopes,nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes(NMRGs),and nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center-based sensors.These devices exploit quantum phenomena such as atom interference,spin precession,and quantum coherence to achieve unprecedented sensitivity in measuring angular velocity,acceleration,and gravitational forces.Each of these technologies presents unique advantages in terms of precision and long-term stability,offering potential breakthroughs in autonomous navigation.Furthermore,the paper explores future directions for quantum navigation,identifying key obstacles such as environmental noise,miniaturization challenges,and the high costs associated with quantum sensors.Finally,it emphasizes the critical importance of quantum state preparation,protection,manipulation,and detection.Effective control over these processes will determine the success of quantum navigation systems in providing reliable,highly accurate solutions across a wide range of complex operational environments.展开更多
Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade.A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics,such...Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade.A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics,such as intensity sensitivity,bandwidth,phase,and accuracy.The Stark effect and electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)or electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA)are fundamental physics principles behind the stage.Furthermore,various techniques such as amplitude-or frequency-modulation,optical homodyne read-out,microwave superheterodyne and frequency conversion based on multi-wave mixing in atoms are utilized to push the metrics into higher levels.In this review,different technologies and the corresponding metrics they had achieved were presented,hoping to inspire more possibilities in the improvement of metrics of Rydberg atom-based electric field sensing and broadness of application scenarios.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61901495,62401586,and U24B2009)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2022JJ40556)。
文摘The integration of electric field enhancement structures(EFESs)with Rydberg atomic sensors(RASs)has garnered considerable interest due to their potential to enhance detection sensitivity in quantum measurement systems.Despite this,there is a dearth of research on the directional response of EFES,and the analysis of the three-dimensional(3D)patterns of RAS remains a formidable challenge.RASs are employed in non-destructive measurement techniques,and are responsive to electric fields,primarily serving as reception devices.However,analyzing their reception patterns is a complex task that requires a sophisticated approach.To address this,we adopt characteristic mode(CM)analysis to illustrate the omnidirectional performance of RAS.According to the CM theory,the reception pattern can be calculated by a series of modal currents and their corresponding coefficients.The analytical representation of these coeficients negates the need for time-consuming full-wave(FW)numerical simulations,which are typically required to generate EFES patterns due to the necessity of scanning numerous angle parameters.This approach significantly reduces the complexity of solving EFES patterns,and provides insightful guidance for the design process.To validate the efficacy of our proposed method,we construct three prototypes.The results indicate that the final model resonates at 1.96 GHz,achieving an electric field gain of 25 dB and an out-of-roundness of 2.4 dB.These findings underscore the effectiveness of our method in analyzing EFES patterns,highlighting its potential for future applications in the field.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2341211,62175136,12241408,and 12120101004)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2023ZD0300902)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202303021224007)the 1331 Project of Shanxi Province.
文摘We present the electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)spectra of cold Rydberg four-level cascade atoms consisting of the 6S_(1/2)→6P_(3/2)→7S_(1/2)→60P_(3/2) scheme.A coupling laser drives the Rydberg transition,a dressing laser couples two intermediate levels and a weak probe laser probes the EIT signal.We numerically solve the Bloch equations and investigate the dependence of the probe transmission rate signal on the coupling and dressing lasers.We find that the probe transmission rate can display an EIT or electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA)profile,depending on the Rabi frequencies of the coupling and dressing lasers.When we increase the Rabi frequency of the coupling laser and keep the Rabi frequency of the probe and dressing laser fixed,flipping of the EIA to EIT spectrum occurs at the critical coupling Rabi frequency.When we apply a microwave field coupling the transition 60P_(3/2)→61S_(1/2),the EIT spectrum shows Autler–Townes splitting,which is employed to measure the microwave field.The theoretical measurement sensitivity can be 1.52×10^(−2) nV・cm^(−1)・Hz−^(1/2) at the EIA–EIT flipping point.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.61925301).
文摘Quantum navigation,based on the principles of quantum mechanics,holds transformative potential for future positioning,navigation,and timing(PNT)systems.Compared to traditional Global Navigation Satellite Systems(GNSS),quantum navigation offers superior precision and robustness,particularly in challenging environments such as deep-sea exploration,space missions,and military applications where signal disruptions are common.This paper systematically reviews the fundamental principles of quantum navigation devices,tracing their research and development progress while analyzing the technical challenges and limitations faced in current studies.Quantum inertial measurement devices play a pivotal role in these systems,including atom interferometer gyroscopes and accelerometers,spin-exchange relaxation-free(SERF)atomic spin gyroscopes,nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes(NMRGs),and nitrogen-vacancy(NV)center-based sensors.These devices exploit quantum phenomena such as atom interference,spin precession,and quantum coherence to achieve unprecedented sensitivity in measuring angular velocity,acceleration,and gravitational forces.Each of these technologies presents unique advantages in terms of precision and long-term stability,offering potential breakthroughs in autonomous navigation.Furthermore,the paper explores future directions for quantum navigation,identifying key obstacles such as environmental noise,miniaturization challenges,and the high costs associated with quantum sensors.Finally,it emphasizes the critical importance of quantum state preparation,protection,manipulation,and detection.Effective control over these processes will determine the success of quantum navigation systems in providing reliable,highly accurate solutions across a wide range of complex operational environments.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1404000,2021YFA1402004,and 2022YFA1405300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61827824,61975104,12225405,U20A2074,U20A20218,61525504,and 61435011)+3 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0301700)the Fund for Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory and the Fund for Shanxi“331 Project”Key Subjects Construction,Bairen Project of Shanxi Province,China,the Anhui Initiative in Quantum Information Technologies(AHY020200)the Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province(202203a13010001)National Research Foundation,Prime Ministers Office,Singapore and the Ministry of Education,Singapore under the Research Centres of Excellence programme.
文摘Rydberg atoms-based electric field sensing has developed rapidly over the past decade.A variety of theoretical proposals and experiment configurations are suggested and realized to improve the measurement metrics,such as intensity sensitivity,bandwidth,phase,and accuracy.The Stark effect and electromagnetically induced transparency(EIT)or electromagnetically induced absorption(EIA)are fundamental physics principles behind the stage.Furthermore,various techniques such as amplitude-or frequency-modulation,optical homodyne read-out,microwave superheterodyne and frequency conversion based on multi-wave mixing in atoms are utilized to push the metrics into higher levels.In this review,different technologies and the corresponding metrics they had achieved were presented,hoping to inspire more possibilities in the improvement of metrics of Rydberg atom-based electric field sensing and broadness of application scenarios.
