Root-associated microbes play an essentialrole in mediating plant growth,health,and habitat adaptability.However,it is unknown which microbial taxa help develop host fitness and how habitats shape root-associated micr...Root-associated microbes play an essentialrole in mediating plant growth,health,and habitat adaptability.However,it is unknown which microbial taxa help develop host fitness and how habitats shape root-associated microbial assembly patterns.As an endemic species of subalpine forests in western Sichuan,China,Minjiang fir(Abies fargesii var.faxoniana)is dominant on cold-shaded northwestern slopes while absent on warm sunlit southwestern slopes.In this study,fungal and bacterial communities were investigated in three spatial compartments(endosphere,rhizosphere,and bulk soil)associated with Minjiang fir saplings on a cold-shaded northwestern slope and a warm sunlit southwestern slope.Habitats differentiated the microbial communities regardless of the spatial compartment and microbial taxa.Slope aspect variations caused shifts in root-associated(rhizosphere and endosphere)microbial compositions.Compared with the southwestern slope,the cold-shaded northwestern slope harbored a higher abundance of the growth-promoting bacteria Burkholderia and ectomycorrhizal fungi Cortinarius and Piloderma.The slope aspect had stronger effects on fungal diversity than bacterial diversity,with higher fungal endemism and lower bacterial endemism.Slope aspect variations were the dominant drivers of root-associated microbial communities,with lower contribution by soil properties and higher contribution by plant traits on the northwestern slope.Findings from this study could improve the understanding of plant habitat adaptability from the perspective of microbial community assembly.It is suggested that forest management should consider root-associated microbiomes for enhancing species fitness and habitat adaptability.展开更多
Modular continuum robots possess significant versatility across various scenarios;however,conventional assembling methods typically rely on linear connection between modules.This limitation can impede the robotic inte...Modular continuum robots possess significant versatility across various scenarios;however,conventional assembling methods typically rely on linear connection between modules.This limitation can impede the robotic interaction capabilities,especially in specific engineering applications.Herein,inspired by the assembling pattern between the femur and tibia in a human knee,we proposed a multidirectional assembling strategy.This strategy encompasses linear,oblique,and orthogonal connections,allowing a two-module continuum robot to undergo in-situ reconfiguration into three distinct initial configurations.To anticipate the final configuration resulting from diverse assembling patterns,we employed the positional formulation finite element framework to establish a mechanical model,and the theoretical results reveal that our customizable strategy can offer an effective route for robotic interactions.We showcased diverse assembling patterns for coping with interaction requirements.The experimental results indicate that our modular continuum robot not only reconfigures its initial profile in situ but also enables on-demand regulation of the final configuration.These capabilities provide a foundation for the future development of modular continuum robots,enabling them to be adaptable to diverse environments,particularly in unstructured surroundings.展开更多
Novel three-dimensional(3D)inorganic chalcogenide architectures have attracted much attention because of their rich structural assembly patterns and intriguing physical properties.Herein,four isostructural quaternary ...Novel three-dimensional(3D)inorganic chalcogenide architectures have attracted much attention because of their rich structural assembly patterns and intriguing physical properties.Herein,four isostructural quaternary semiconducting chalcogenides,namely Cs_(4)[RE_(26)Cd_(7)Se_(48)](RE=Ho,Er,Tm,and Lu),have been discovered and found to crystallize in a tetragonal system,space group I41/a(no.88).Their structures feature 3D quasi-NaCl type architectures formed by edge-sharing and face-sharing of[RESe_(6)]and[MSe_(6)](M=RE/Cd)octahedra,which are embedded with the unprecedented polyanionic[Cs_(2)@Se_(18)–Cd–Cs_(2)@Se_(18)]closed cavities.Significantly,the compound Cs4[Ho_(26)Cd_(7)Se_(48)]exhibits ultralow thermal conductivity(0.38–0.29 W m^(−1)K^(−1))from 295 K to 675 K,which is one of the lowest values reported in crystalline chalcogenides.This result not only enriches the coordination chemistry of host–vip systems,but also suggests a new thought for the design of novel inorganic chalcogenides with intrinsic low thermal conductivities.展开更多
Medium-high temperature Daqu is primarily controlled during the production process by regulating environmental temperature and humidity to manage fermentation.In this study,we analyzed the mechanism of regulating the ...Medium-high temperature Daqu is primarily controlled during the production process by regulating environmental temperature and humidity to manage fermentation.In this study,we analyzed the mechanism of regulating the temperature and humidity change rate during the warming period to affect the structure and function of the Daqu microbiota.The results of the study showed that Daqu fermentation occurs in two stages:the temperature increase period(P1),and the combined high temperature and temperature cooling period(P2),with rapid changes in the microbial community structure at the P1 stage,but not significant at the P2 stage.The microbial community structure of Daqu in P1 stage was significantly correlated with environmental factors.Under different rates of temperature and humidity changes,the succession of microbial communities,the breadth of microbial ecological niches along environmental gradients,and the patterns of community assembly differ,resulting in differences in the microbial community structure in Daqu.The slower rate of temperature and humidity change endows Daqu microorganisms with higher species diversity,and makes the abundance of enzymes related to carbohydrate decomposition and volatile metabolite formation in Daqu microorganisms higher,further resulting in a higher content of flavor substances(e.g.Ester content:20 mg/kg at slow rate,4 mg/kg at fast rate).These findings will facilitate more accurate regulation of Daqu production by controlling the rate of temperature and humidity changes during the temperature increase period.展开更多
基金jointly funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2021YFD2200405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31930078)。
文摘Root-associated microbes play an essentialrole in mediating plant growth,health,and habitat adaptability.However,it is unknown which microbial taxa help develop host fitness and how habitats shape root-associated microbial assembly patterns.As an endemic species of subalpine forests in western Sichuan,China,Minjiang fir(Abies fargesii var.faxoniana)is dominant on cold-shaded northwestern slopes while absent on warm sunlit southwestern slopes.In this study,fungal and bacterial communities were investigated in three spatial compartments(endosphere,rhizosphere,and bulk soil)associated with Minjiang fir saplings on a cold-shaded northwestern slope and a warm sunlit southwestern slope.Habitats differentiated the microbial communities regardless of the spatial compartment and microbial taxa.Slope aspect variations caused shifts in root-associated(rhizosphere and endosphere)microbial compositions.Compared with the southwestern slope,the cold-shaded northwestern slope harbored a higher abundance of the growth-promoting bacteria Burkholderia and ectomycorrhizal fungi Cortinarius and Piloderma.The slope aspect had stronger effects on fungal diversity than bacterial diversity,with higher fungal endemism and lower bacterial endemism.Slope aspect variations were the dominant drivers of root-associated microbial communities,with lower contribution by soil properties and higher contribution by plant traits on the northwestern slope.Findings from this study could improve the understanding of plant habitat adaptability from the perspective of microbial community assembly.It is suggested that forest management should consider root-associated microbiomes for enhancing species fitness and habitat adaptability.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.20220817165030002,No.GXWD2021B03)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275298 and No.11922203).
文摘Modular continuum robots possess significant versatility across various scenarios;however,conventional assembling methods typically rely on linear connection between modules.This limitation can impede the robotic interaction capabilities,especially in specific engineering applications.Herein,inspired by the assembling pattern between the femur and tibia in a human knee,we proposed a multidirectional assembling strategy.This strategy encompasses linear,oblique,and orthogonal connections,allowing a two-module continuum robot to undergo in-situ reconfiguration into three distinct initial configurations.To anticipate the final configuration resulting from diverse assembling patterns,we employed the positional formulation finite element framework to establish a mechanical model,and the theoretical results reveal that our customizable strategy can offer an effective route for robotic interactions.We showcased diverse assembling patterns for coping with interaction requirements.The experimental results indicate that our modular continuum robot not only reconfigures its initial profile in situ but also enables on-demand regulation of the final configuration.These capabilities provide a foundation for the future development of modular continuum robots,enabling them to be adaptable to diverse environments,particularly in unstructured surroundings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005304,21771179 and 21901246)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No.2019J01133)the Program of State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices(No.KF201904).
文摘Novel three-dimensional(3D)inorganic chalcogenide architectures have attracted much attention because of their rich structural assembly patterns and intriguing physical properties.Herein,four isostructural quaternary semiconducting chalcogenides,namely Cs_(4)[RE_(26)Cd_(7)Se_(48)](RE=Ho,Er,Tm,and Lu),have been discovered and found to crystallize in a tetragonal system,space group I41/a(no.88).Their structures feature 3D quasi-NaCl type architectures formed by edge-sharing and face-sharing of[RESe_(6)]and[MSe_(6)](M=RE/Cd)octahedra,which are embedded with the unprecedented polyanionic[Cs_(2)@Se_(18)–Cd–Cs_(2)@Se_(18)]closed cavities.Significantly,the compound Cs4[Ho_(26)Cd_(7)Se_(48)]exhibits ultralow thermal conductivity(0.38–0.29 W m^(−1)K^(−1))from 295 K to 675 K,which is one of the lowest values reported in crystalline chalcogenides.This result not only enriches the coordination chemistry of host–vip systems,but also suggests a new thought for the design of novel inorganic chalcogenides with intrinsic low thermal conductivities.
基金supported by the Innovation Fund of Postgraduate,Luzhou Laojiao Co.,Ltd.(No.LJCX2023-4)the Project of the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(No.2024ZHCG0094).
文摘Medium-high temperature Daqu is primarily controlled during the production process by regulating environmental temperature and humidity to manage fermentation.In this study,we analyzed the mechanism of regulating the temperature and humidity change rate during the warming period to affect the structure and function of the Daqu microbiota.The results of the study showed that Daqu fermentation occurs in two stages:the temperature increase period(P1),and the combined high temperature and temperature cooling period(P2),with rapid changes in the microbial community structure at the P1 stage,but not significant at the P2 stage.The microbial community structure of Daqu in P1 stage was significantly correlated with environmental factors.Under different rates of temperature and humidity changes,the succession of microbial communities,the breadth of microbial ecological niches along environmental gradients,and the patterns of community assembly differ,resulting in differences in the microbial community structure in Daqu.The slower rate of temperature and humidity change endows Daqu microorganisms with higher species diversity,and makes the abundance of enzymes related to carbohydrate decomposition and volatile metabolite formation in Daqu microorganisms higher,further resulting in a higher content of flavor substances(e.g.Ester content:20 mg/kg at slow rate,4 mg/kg at fast rate).These findings will facilitate more accurate regulation of Daqu production by controlling the rate of temperature and humidity changes during the temperature increase period.
