As extraction solvents,ionic liquids have green characteristics.In this study,an environmentally benign analytical method termed temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction(TIL-DLME)com...As extraction solvents,ionic liquids have green characteristics.In this study,an environmentally benign analytical method termed temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction(TIL-DLME)combined with ultra-highpressure liquid chromatography(UHPLC)-tunable ultraviolet detection(TUV)was developed for the pre-concentration and determination of triclosan(TCS),triclocarban(TCC)and methyl-triclosan(M-TCS)in water samples.Significant parameters that may affect extraction efficiencies were examined and optimized,including the types and amount of ionic liquids,volume of the diluent,heating temperature,cooling time,salt effect and pH value.Under the optimum conditions,linearity of the method was observed in the ranges of 0.0100-100μgL-1 for TCS and M-TCS,and 0.00500-50.0μgL-1 for TCC with correlation coefficients(r2)】0.9903.The limits of detection(LODs)ranged from 1.15 to 5.33 ngL-1.TCS in domestic water and TCC in reclaimed water were detected at the concentrations of 1.01 and 0.126μgL-1,respectively.The spiked recoveries of the three target compounds in reclaimed water,irrigating water,waste water and domestic water samples were obtained in the ranges of 68.4%-71.9%,61.6%-87.8%,58.9%-74.9%and 64.9%-92.4%,respectively.Compared with the previous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method(DLLME)about the determination of TCS,TCC and M-TCS,this method is not only more environmentally friendly but also more sensitive.展开更多
Background:To assess the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of anterior chamber tap for the diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis on a population with high prevalence.Meth...Background:To assess the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of anterior chamber tap for the diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis on a population with high prevalence.Methods:Retrospective,single centre,case series study.We reviewed all medical records with clinical diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis in our hospital from January 1st,2000 to December 31st 2014.From each record,we documented general demographic data,best corrected visual acuity and vitreous and aqueous tap microbiological results.All cases were further divided according to the endophthalmitis aetiology to perform individual calculations of sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy and prevalence.We used the results of the vitreous tap as the gold standard for diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis.We excluded those records in which the aqueous and vitreous samples were not taken simultaneously or had an incomplete microbiological report.Significance were assessed with chi squared statistics,with an alpha value of 0.05 for statistical significance.Results:A total of 190 cases fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria.Positive culture rate from vitreous samples was 64.74%.Positive culture rate from aqueous sample was 32.11%.Bacteria isolated from aqueous samples matched those isolated from vitreous samples 78.68%of the time.The overall sensitivity was 38.21%,specificity:75.51%,positive predictive value:79.66%,negative predictive value:32.74%(p=0.08).Subgroup analysis showed that anterior chamber taps in cases of post-surgical endophthalmitis had a moderate to low sensitivity(37.73%),high specificity(93%)and high positive predictive value(95%)(p<0.04).Conclusion:The sensitivity and specificity of anterior chamber tap are low and should not be used for critical therapeutic decisions in patients with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis.In cases of post-surgical endophthalmitis,the result of an anterior chamber tap could be used for therapeutic guidance,but only in conjunction with clinical presentation and in the absence of a better method for diagnosis.展开更多
基金the support from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(122007AA061601)the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinathe National Basic Research Program of China(20607026,20877092&20877005)
文摘As extraction solvents,ionic liquids have green characteristics.In this study,an environmentally benign analytical method termed temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid phase microextraction(TIL-DLME)combined with ultra-highpressure liquid chromatography(UHPLC)-tunable ultraviolet detection(TUV)was developed for the pre-concentration and determination of triclosan(TCS),triclocarban(TCC)and methyl-triclosan(M-TCS)in water samples.Significant parameters that may affect extraction efficiencies were examined and optimized,including the types and amount of ionic liquids,volume of the diluent,heating temperature,cooling time,salt effect and pH value.Under the optimum conditions,linearity of the method was observed in the ranges of 0.0100-100μgL-1 for TCS and M-TCS,and 0.00500-50.0μgL-1 for TCC with correlation coefficients(r2)】0.9903.The limits of detection(LODs)ranged from 1.15 to 5.33 ngL-1.TCS in domestic water and TCC in reclaimed water were detected at the concentrations of 1.01 and 0.126μgL-1,respectively.The spiked recoveries of the three target compounds in reclaimed water,irrigating water,waste water and domestic water samples were obtained in the ranges of 68.4%-71.9%,61.6%-87.8%,58.9%-74.9%and 64.9%-92.4%,respectively.Compared with the previous dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method(DLLME)about the determination of TCS,TCC and M-TCS,this method is not only more environmentally friendly but also more sensitive.
文摘Background:To assess the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of anterior chamber tap for the diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis on a population with high prevalence.Methods:Retrospective,single centre,case series study.We reviewed all medical records with clinical diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis in our hospital from January 1st,2000 to December 31st 2014.From each record,we documented general demographic data,best corrected visual acuity and vitreous and aqueous tap microbiological results.All cases were further divided according to the endophthalmitis aetiology to perform individual calculations of sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,accuracy and prevalence.We used the results of the vitreous tap as the gold standard for diagnosis of bacterial endophthalmitis.We excluded those records in which the aqueous and vitreous samples were not taken simultaneously or had an incomplete microbiological report.Significance were assessed with chi squared statistics,with an alpha value of 0.05 for statistical significance.Results:A total of 190 cases fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria.Positive culture rate from vitreous samples was 64.74%.Positive culture rate from aqueous sample was 32.11%.Bacteria isolated from aqueous samples matched those isolated from vitreous samples 78.68%of the time.The overall sensitivity was 38.21%,specificity:75.51%,positive predictive value:79.66%,negative predictive value:32.74%(p=0.08).Subgroup analysis showed that anterior chamber taps in cases of post-surgical endophthalmitis had a moderate to low sensitivity(37.73%),high specificity(93%)and high positive predictive value(95%)(p<0.04).Conclusion:The sensitivity and specificity of anterior chamber tap are low and should not be used for critical therapeutic decisions in patients with suspected bacterial endophthalmitis.In cases of post-surgical endophthalmitis,the result of an anterior chamber tap could be used for therapeutic guidance,but only in conjunction with clinical presentation and in the absence of a better method for diagnosis.
