Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects exte...Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.展开更多
This article studies the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution of a family of control systems with a delay that are governed by the nonlinear fractional evolution differential equations in Banach spaces.Moreov...This article studies the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution of a family of control systems with a delay that are governed by the nonlinear fractional evolution differential equations in Banach spaces.Moreover,we establish the controllability of the considered system.To do so,first,we investigate the approximate controllability of the corresponding linear system.Subsequently,we prove the nonlinear system is approximately controllable if the corresponding linear system is approximately controllable.To reach the conclusions,the theory of resolvent operators,the Banach contraction mapping principle,and fixed point theorems are used.While concluding,some examples are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed results.展开更多
The“First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19,”as one of the pivotal medical forums organized by China during the initial outbreak of the pandemic,garnered significant attention from numerous countries worldwide.Ens...The“First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19,”as one of the pivotal medical forums organized by China during the initial outbreak of the pandemic,garnered significant attention from numerous countries worldwide.Ensuring the seamless execution of the forum’s translation necessitated exceptionally high standards for simultaneous interpreters.This paper,through the lens of the Translation as Adaptation and Selection theory within Eco-Translatology,conducts an analytical study of the live simultaneous interpretation at the First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19.It examines the interpreters’adaptations and selections across multiple dimensions-namely,linguistic,cultural,and communicative-with the aim of elucidating the guiding role and recommendations that Eco-Translatology can offer to simultaneous interpretation.Furthermore,it seeks to provide insights that may enhance the quality of interpreters’oral translations.展开更多
The Husimi function(Q-function)of a quantum state is the distribution function of the density operator in the coherent state representation.It is widely used in theoretical research,such as in quantum optics.The Wehrl...The Husimi function(Q-function)of a quantum state is the distribution function of the density operator in the coherent state representation.It is widely used in theoretical research,such as in quantum optics.The Wehrl entropy is the Shannon entropy of the Husimi function,and is nonzero even for pure states.This entropy has been extensively studied in mathematical physics.Recent research also suggests a significant connection between the Wehrl entropy and manybody quantum entanglement in spin systems.We investigate the statistical interpretation of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy,taking the system of N spin-1/2 particles as an example.Due to the completeness of coherent states,the Husimi function and Wehrl entropy can be explained via the positive operator-valued measurement(POVM)theory,although the coherent states are not a set of orthonormal basis.Here,with the help of the Bayes’theorem,we provide an alternative probabilistic interpretation for the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy.This interpretation is based on direct measurements of the system,and thus does not require the introduction of an ancillary system as in the POVM theory.Moreover,under this interpretation the classical correspondences of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy are just phase-space probability distribution function of N classical tops,and its associated entropy,respectively.Therefore,this explanation contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between the Husimi function,Wehrl entropy,and classical-quantum correspondence.The generalization of this statistical interpretation to continuous-variable systems is also discussed.展开更多
The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitori...The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitoring,complication observation and management,positioning and mobility away from the bed,and quality assurance.These Guidelines encompass all the phases of intravenous thrombolysis care for patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke.This article aims to elucidate the Guidelines by discussing their developmental background,the designation process,usage recommendations,and the interpretation of evolving perspectives,thereby providing valuable insights for clinical practice.展开更多
Dynamic stress adjustment in deep-buried high geostress hard rock tunnels frequently triggers catastrophic failures such as rockbursts and collapses.While a comprehensive understanding of this process is critical for ...Dynamic stress adjustment in deep-buried high geostress hard rock tunnels frequently triggers catastrophic failures such as rockbursts and collapses.While a comprehensive understanding of this process is critical for evaluating surrounding rock stability,its dynamic evolution are often overlooked in engineering practice.This study systematically summarizes a novel classification framework for stress adjustment types—stabilizing(two-zoned),shallow failure(three-zoned),and deep failure(four-zoned)—characterized by distinct stress adjustment stages.A dynamic interpretation technology system is developed based on microseismic monitoring,integrating key microseismic parameters(energy index EI,apparent stressσa,microseismic activity S),seismic source parameter space clustering,and microseismic paths.This approach enables precise identification of evolutionary stages,stress adjustment types,and failure precursors,thereby elucidating the intrinsic linkage between geomechanical processes(stress redistribution)and failure risks.The study establishes criteria and procedures for identifying stress adjustment types and their associated failure risks,which were successfully applied in the Grand Canyon Tunnel of the E-han Highway to detect 50 instances of disaster risks.The findings offer invaluable insights into understanding the evolution process of stress adjustment and pinpointing the disaster risks linked to hard rock in comparable high geostress tunnels.展开更多
Accurate determination of rockhead is crucial for underground construction.Traditionally,borehole data are mainly used for this purpose.However,borehole drilling is costly,time-consuming,and sparsely distributed.Non-i...Accurate determination of rockhead is crucial for underground construction.Traditionally,borehole data are mainly used for this purpose.However,borehole drilling is costly,time-consuming,and sparsely distributed.Non-invasive geophysical methods,particularly those using passive seismic surface waves,have emerged as viable alternatives for geological profiling and rockhead detection.This study proposes three interpretation methods for rockhead determination using passive seismic surface wave data from Microtremor Array Measurement(MAM)and Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio(HVSR)tests.These are:(1)the Wavelength-Normalized phase velocity(WN)method in which a nonlinear relationship between rockhead depth and wavelength is established;(2)the Statistically Determined-shear wave velocity(SD-V_(s))method in which the representative V_(s) value for rockhead is automatically determined using a statistical method;and(3)the empirical HVSR method in which the rockhead is determined by interpreting resonant frequencies using a reliably calibrated empirical equation.These methods were implemented to determine rockhead depths at 28 locations across two distinct geological formations in Singapore,and the results were evaluated using borehole data.The WN method can determine rockhead depths accurately and reliably with minimal absolute errors(average RMSE=3.11 m),demonstrating robust performance across both geological formations.Its advantage lies in interpreting dispersion curves alone,without the need for the inversion process.The SD-V_(s) method is practical in engineering practice owing to its simplicity.The empirical HVSR method reasonably determines rockhead depths with moderate accuracy,benefiting from a reliably calibrated empirical equation.展开更多
The Agadem block is an area of major oil interest located in the large sedimentary basin of Termit,in the south-east of the Republic of Niger.Since the 1950s,this basin has known geological and geophysical research ac...The Agadem block is an area of major oil interest located in the large sedimentary basin of Termit,in the south-east of the Republic of Niger.Since the 1950s,this basin has known geological and geophysical research activities.However,despite the extensive research carried out,we believe that a geophysical contribution in terms of magnetic properties and their repercussions on the structure of the Agadem block allowing the improvement of existing knowledge is essential.The present study aims to study the structural characteristics of the Agadem block associated with magnetic anomalies.For this,after data shaping,several filtering techniques were applied to the aeromagnetic data to identify and map deep geological structures.The reduction to the pole map shows large negative wavelength anomalies in the southeast half of the block and short positive wavelength anomalies in the northwest part embedded in a large positive anomaly occupying the lower northern half of the block.The maps of the total horizontal derivative and tilt angle show lineaments globally distributed along the NW-SE direction in accordance with the structural style of the study area.The resulting map highlights numerous lineaments that may be associated with faults hidden by the sedimentary cover.The calculation of the Euler deconvolution allowed us to locate and estimate the depths of magnetic sources at variable depths of up to 4000 m.The compilation of the results obtained allowed us to locate zones of high and low intensities which correspond respectively to horsts and grabens as major structures of the Agadem block.展开更多
In this article,we study the approximate controllability of neutral partial differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivative and not instantaneous impulses effects.By using the Sadovskii's fixed point theo...In this article,we study the approximate controllability of neutral partial differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivative and not instantaneous impulses effects.By using the Sadovskii's fixed point theorem,fractional calculus and resolvent operator functions,we prove the approximate controllability of the considered system.展开更多
In recent years,deeps learning has been widely applied in synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image processing.However,the collection of large-scale labeled SAR images is challenging and costly,and the classification accurac...In recent years,deeps learning has been widely applied in synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image processing.However,the collection of large-scale labeled SAR images is challenging and costly,and the classification accuracy is often poor when only limited SAR images are available.To address this issue,we propose a novel framework for sparse SAR target classification under few-shot cases,termed the transfer learning-based interpretable lightweight convolutional neural network(TL-IL-CNN).Additionally,we employ enhanced gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)to mitigate the“black box”effect often associated with deep learning models and to explore the mechanisms by which a CNN classifies various sparse SAR targets.Initially,we apply a novel bidirectional iterative soft thresholding(BiIST)algorithm to generate sparse images of superior quality compared to those produced by traditional matched filtering(MF)techniques.Subsequently,we pretrain multiple shallow CNNs on a simulated SAR image dataset.Using the sparse SAR dataset as input for the CNNs,we assess the efficacy of transfer learning in sparse SAR target classification and suggest the integration of TL-IL-CNN to enhance the classification accuracy further.Finally,Grad-CAM is utilized to provide visual explanations for the predictions made by the classification framework.The experimental results on the MSTAR dataset reveal that the proposed TL-IL-CNN achieves nearly 90%classification accuracy with only 20%of the training data required under standard operating conditions(SOC),surpassing typical deep learning methods such as vision Transformer(ViT)in the context of small samples.Remarkably,it even presents better performance under extended operating conditions(EOC).Furthermore,the application of Grad-CAM elucidates the CNN’s differentiation process among various sparse SAR targets.The experiments indicate that the model focuses on the target and the background can differ among target classes.The study contributes to an enhanced understanding of the interpretability of such results and enables us to infer the classification outcomes for each category more accurately.展开更多
As data analysis often incurs significant communication and computational costs,these tasks are increasingly outsourced to cloud computing platforms.However,this introduces privacy concerns,as sensitive data must be t...As data analysis often incurs significant communication and computational costs,these tasks are increasingly outsourced to cloud computing platforms.However,this introduces privacy concerns,as sensitive data must be transmitted to and processed by untrusted parties.To address this,fully homomorphic encryption(FHE)has emerged as a promising solution for privacy-preserving Machine-Learning-as-a-Service(MLaaS),enabling computation on encrypted data without revealing the plaintext.Nevertheless,FHE remains computationally expensive.As a result,approximate homomorphic encryption(AHE)schemes,such as CKKS,have attracted attention due to their efficiency.In our previous work,we proposed RP-OKC,a CKKS-based clustering scheme implemented via TenSEAL.However,errors inherent to CKKS operations—termed CKKS-errors—can affect the accuracy of the result after decryption.Since these errors can be mitigated through post-decryption rounding,we propose a data pre-scaling technique to increase the number of significant digits and reduce CKKS-errors.Furthermore,we introduce an Operation-Error-Estimation(OEE)table that quantifies upper-bound error estimates for various CKKS operations.This table enables error-aware decryption correction,ensuring alignment between encrypted and plaintext results.We validate our method on K-means clustering using the Kaggle Customer Segmentation dataset.Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme enhances the accuracy and reliability of privacy-preserving data analysis in cloud environments.展开更多
As power systems expand,solving the unit commitment problem(UCP)becomes increasingly challenging due to the curse of dimensionality,and traditional methods often struggle to balance computational efficiency and soluti...As power systems expand,solving the unit commitment problem(UCP)becomes increasingly challenging due to the curse of dimensionality,and traditional methods often struggle to balance computational efficiency and solution optimality.To tackle this issue,we propose a problem-structure-informed quantum approximate optimization algorithm(QAOA)framework that fully exploits the quantum advantage under extremely limited quantum resources.Specifically,we leverage the inherent topological structure of power systems to decompose large-scale UCP instances into smaller subproblems,which are solvable in parallel by limited number of qubits.This decomposition not only circumvents the current hardware limitations of quantum computing but also achieves higher performance as the graph structure of the power system becomes more sparse.Consequently,our approach can be extended to future power systems that are larger and more complex.展开更多
The discrete fracture system of a rock mass plays a crucial role in controlling the stability of rock slopes.To fully account for the geometric shape and distribution characteristics of jointed rock masses,terrestrial...The discrete fracture system of a rock mass plays a crucial role in controlling the stability of rock slopes.To fully account for the geometric shape and distribution characteristics of jointed rock masses,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)was employed to acquire high-resolution point-cloud data,and a developed automatic discontinuity-identification technology was coupled to automatically interpret and characterize geometric information such as orientation,trace length,spacing,and set number of the discontinuities.The discrete element method(DEM)was applied to study the influence of the geometric morphology and distribution characteristics of discontinuities on slope stability by generating a discrete fracture network(DFN)with the same statistical characteristics as the actual discontinuities.Based on slope data from the Yebatan Hydropower Station,a simulation was conducted to verify the applicability of the automatic discontinuity identification technology and the discrete fracture network-discrete element method(DFN-DEM).Various geological parameters,including trace length,persistence,and density,were examined to investigate the morphological evolution and response characteristics of rock slope excavation under different joint combination conditions through simulation.The simulation results indicate that joint parameters affect slope stability,with density having the most significant impact.The impact of joint parameters on stability is relatively small within a reasonable range but becomes significant beyond a certain threshold,further validating that the accuracy of field geological surveys is critical for simulation.This study provides a scientific basis for the construction of complex rock slope models,engineering assessments,and disaster prevention and mitigation,which is of great value in both theory and engineering applications.展开更多
Computer analysis of electrocardiograms(ECGs)was introduced more than 50 years ago,with the aim to improve efficiency and clinical workflow.[1,2]However,inaccuracies have been documented in the literature.[3,4]Researc...Computer analysis of electrocardiograms(ECGs)was introduced more than 50 years ago,with the aim to improve efficiency and clinical workflow.[1,2]However,inaccuracies have been documented in the literature.[3,4]Research indicates that emergency department(ED)clinician interruptions occur every 4-10 min,which is significantly more common than in other specialties.[5]This increases the cognitive load and error rates and impacts patient care and clinical effi ciency.[1,2,5]De-prioritization protocols have been introduced in certain centers in the United Kingdom(UK),removing the need for clinician ECG interpretation where ECGs have been interpreted as normal by the machine.展开更多
Stratified flow is a common phenomenon in horizontal tubes of two-phase flow systems. However, the existing methods for calculating the wetted angle of the flat interface model and the central angle of the two-circle ...Stratified flow is a common phenomenon in horizontal tubes of two-phase flow systems. However, the existing methods for calculating the wetted angle of the flat interface model and the central angle of the two-circle model rely on solving implicit transcendental equations, which require iterative numerical root-finding methods,thereby introducing computational complexity and inefficiency. This paper proposes the high-precision explicit approximate solutions for the two models, directly correlating the geometric parameters with the flow parameters, thus significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of two-phase flow analysis.展开更多
2025年11月4日,美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)公布了《2026 NCCN子宫肿瘤临床实践指南(第1版)》。19d后更新了讨论部分,形成了第2版。现对这两版指南进行简要介绍及讨论。新版指南总体更新不多,主...2025年11月4日,美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)公布了《2026 NCCN子宫肿瘤临床实践指南(第1版)》。19d后更新了讨论部分,形成了第2版。现对这两版指南进行简要介绍及讨论。新版指南总体更新不多,主要更新了子宫内膜癌全身系统治疗方案。现将新版指南进行简要介绍及解读。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52021005,52325904,and 51991391)。
文摘Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.
文摘This article studies the existence and uniqueness of the mild solution of a family of control systems with a delay that are governed by the nonlinear fractional evolution differential equations in Banach spaces.Moreover,we establish the controllability of the considered system.To do so,first,we investigate the approximate controllability of the corresponding linear system.Subsequently,we prove the nonlinear system is approximately controllable if the corresponding linear system is approximately controllable.To reach the conclusions,the theory of resolvent operators,the Banach contraction mapping principle,and fixed point theorems are used.While concluding,some examples are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed results.
文摘The“First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19,”as one of the pivotal medical forums organized by China during the initial outbreak of the pandemic,garnered significant attention from numerous countries worldwide.Ensuring the seamless execution of the forum’s translation necessitated exceptionally high standards for simultaneous interpreters.This paper,through the lens of the Translation as Adaptation and Selection theory within Eco-Translatology,conducts an analytical study of the live simultaneous interpretation at the First Multidisciplinary Forum on COVID-19.It examines the interpreters’adaptations and selections across multiple dimensions-namely,linguistic,cultural,and communicative-with the aim of elucidating the guiding role and recommendations that Eco-Translatology can offer to simultaneous interpretation.Furthermore,it seeks to provide insights that may enhance the quality of interpreters’oral translations.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[Grant No.2022YFA1405300(PZ)]the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2023ZD0300700)。
文摘The Husimi function(Q-function)of a quantum state is the distribution function of the density operator in the coherent state representation.It is widely used in theoretical research,such as in quantum optics.The Wehrl entropy is the Shannon entropy of the Husimi function,and is nonzero even for pure states.This entropy has been extensively studied in mathematical physics.Recent research also suggests a significant connection between the Wehrl entropy and manybody quantum entanglement in spin systems.We investigate the statistical interpretation of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy,taking the system of N spin-1/2 particles as an example.Due to the completeness of coherent states,the Husimi function and Wehrl entropy can be explained via the positive operator-valued measurement(POVM)theory,although the coherent states are not a set of orthonormal basis.Here,with the help of the Bayes’theorem,we provide an alternative probabilistic interpretation for the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy.This interpretation is based on direct measurements of the system,and thus does not require the introduction of an ancillary system as in the POVM theory.Moreover,under this interpretation the classical correspondences of the Husimi function and the Wehrl entropy are just phase-space probability distribution function of N classical tops,and its associated entropy,respectively.Therefore,this explanation contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between the Husimi function,Wehrl entropy,and classical-quantum correspondence.The generalization of this statistical interpretation to continuous-variable systems is also discussed.
文摘The Interpretation of Nursing Guidelines for Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke offers comprehensive recommendations across five key domains:hospital organizational management,patient condition monitoring,complication observation and management,positioning and mobility away from the bed,and quality assurance.These Guidelines encompass all the phases of intravenous thrombolysis care for patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke.This article aims to elucidate the Guidelines by discussing their developmental background,the designation process,usage recommendations,and the interpretation of evolving perspectives,thereby providing valuable insights for clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42177173,U23A20651 and 42130719)and the Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.2025NSFJQ0003)。
文摘Dynamic stress adjustment in deep-buried high geostress hard rock tunnels frequently triggers catastrophic failures such as rockbursts and collapses.While a comprehensive understanding of this process is critical for evaluating surrounding rock stability,its dynamic evolution are often overlooked in engineering practice.This study systematically summarizes a novel classification framework for stress adjustment types—stabilizing(two-zoned),shallow failure(three-zoned),and deep failure(four-zoned)—characterized by distinct stress adjustment stages.A dynamic interpretation technology system is developed based on microseismic monitoring,integrating key microseismic parameters(energy index EI,apparent stressσa,microseismic activity S),seismic source parameter space clustering,and microseismic paths.This approach enables precise identification of evolutionary stages,stress adjustment types,and failure precursors,thereby elucidating the intrinsic linkage between geomechanical processes(stress redistribution)and failure risks.The study establishes criteria and procedures for identifying stress adjustment types and their associated failure risks,which were successfully applied in the Grand Canyon Tunnel of the E-han Highway to detect 50 instances of disaster risks.The findings offer invaluable insights into understanding the evolution process of stress adjustment and pinpointing the disaster risks linked to hard rock in comparable high geostress tunnels.
基金partially supported by the Singapore Ministry of National Development and the National Research Foundation,Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore,under the Land and Liveability National Innovation Challenge(L2 NIC)Research Program(Grant No.L2NICCFP2-2015-1)by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Singapore,under the Virtual Singapore program(Grant No.NRF2019VSG-GMS-001).
文摘Accurate determination of rockhead is crucial for underground construction.Traditionally,borehole data are mainly used for this purpose.However,borehole drilling is costly,time-consuming,and sparsely distributed.Non-invasive geophysical methods,particularly those using passive seismic surface waves,have emerged as viable alternatives for geological profiling and rockhead detection.This study proposes three interpretation methods for rockhead determination using passive seismic surface wave data from Microtremor Array Measurement(MAM)and Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio(HVSR)tests.These are:(1)the Wavelength-Normalized phase velocity(WN)method in which a nonlinear relationship between rockhead depth and wavelength is established;(2)the Statistically Determined-shear wave velocity(SD-V_(s))method in which the representative V_(s) value for rockhead is automatically determined using a statistical method;and(3)the empirical HVSR method in which the rockhead is determined by interpreting resonant frequencies using a reliably calibrated empirical equation.These methods were implemented to determine rockhead depths at 28 locations across two distinct geological formations in Singapore,and the results were evaluated using borehole data.The WN method can determine rockhead depths accurately and reliably with minimal absolute errors(average RMSE=3.11 m),demonstrating robust performance across both geological formations.Its advantage lies in interpreting dispersion curves alone,without the need for the inversion process.The SD-V_(s) method is practical in engineering practice owing to its simplicity.The empirical HVSR method reasonably determines rockhead depths with moderate accuracy,benefiting from a reliably calibrated empirical equation.
文摘The Agadem block is an area of major oil interest located in the large sedimentary basin of Termit,in the south-east of the Republic of Niger.Since the 1950s,this basin has known geological and geophysical research activities.However,despite the extensive research carried out,we believe that a geophysical contribution in terms of magnetic properties and their repercussions on the structure of the Agadem block allowing the improvement of existing knowledge is essential.The present study aims to study the structural characteristics of the Agadem block associated with magnetic anomalies.For this,after data shaping,several filtering techniques were applied to the aeromagnetic data to identify and map deep geological structures.The reduction to the pole map shows large negative wavelength anomalies in the southeast half of the block and short positive wavelength anomalies in the northwest part embedded in a large positive anomaly occupying the lower northern half of the block.The maps of the total horizontal derivative and tilt angle show lineaments globally distributed along the NW-SE direction in accordance with the structural style of the study area.The resulting map highlights numerous lineaments that may be associated with faults hidden by the sedimentary cover.The calculation of the Euler deconvolution allowed us to locate and estimate the depths of magnetic sources at variable depths of up to 4000 m.The compilation of the results obtained allowed us to locate zones of high and low intensities which correspond respectively to horsts and grabens as major structures of the Agadem block.
基金Supported by Shandong University of Finance and Economics 2023 International Collaborative Projectsthe National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62073190)。
文摘In this article,we study the approximate controllability of neutral partial differential equations with Hilfer fractional derivative and not instantaneous impulses effects.By using the Sadovskii's fixed point theorem,fractional calculus and resolvent operator functions,we prove the approximate controllability of the considered system.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation(Nos.62271248,62401256)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Ji-angsu Province(Nos.BK20230090,BK20241384)in part by the Key Laboratory of Land Satellite Remote Sens-ing Application,Ministry of Natural Resources of China(No.KLSMNR-K202303)。
文摘In recent years,deeps learning has been widely applied in synthetic aperture radar(SAR)image processing.However,the collection of large-scale labeled SAR images is challenging and costly,and the classification accuracy is often poor when only limited SAR images are available.To address this issue,we propose a novel framework for sparse SAR target classification under few-shot cases,termed the transfer learning-based interpretable lightweight convolutional neural network(TL-IL-CNN).Additionally,we employ enhanced gradient-weighted class activation mapping(Grad-CAM)to mitigate the“black box”effect often associated with deep learning models and to explore the mechanisms by which a CNN classifies various sparse SAR targets.Initially,we apply a novel bidirectional iterative soft thresholding(BiIST)algorithm to generate sparse images of superior quality compared to those produced by traditional matched filtering(MF)techniques.Subsequently,we pretrain multiple shallow CNNs on a simulated SAR image dataset.Using the sparse SAR dataset as input for the CNNs,we assess the efficacy of transfer learning in sparse SAR target classification and suggest the integration of TL-IL-CNN to enhance the classification accuracy further.Finally,Grad-CAM is utilized to provide visual explanations for the predictions made by the classification framework.The experimental results on the MSTAR dataset reveal that the proposed TL-IL-CNN achieves nearly 90%classification accuracy with only 20%of the training data required under standard operating conditions(SOC),surpassing typical deep learning methods such as vision Transformer(ViT)in the context of small samples.Remarkably,it even presents better performance under extended operating conditions(EOC).Furthermore,the application of Grad-CAM elucidates the CNN’s differentiation process among various sparse SAR targets.The experiments indicate that the model focuses on the target and the background can differ among target classes.The study contributes to an enhanced understanding of the interpretability of such results and enables us to infer the classification outcomes for each category more accurately.
基金funded by National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan,grant numbers are 110-2401-H-002-094-MY2 and 112-2221-E-130-001.
文摘As data analysis often incurs significant communication and computational costs,these tasks are increasingly outsourced to cloud computing platforms.However,this introduces privacy concerns,as sensitive data must be transmitted to and processed by untrusted parties.To address this,fully homomorphic encryption(FHE)has emerged as a promising solution for privacy-preserving Machine-Learning-as-a-Service(MLaaS),enabling computation on encrypted data without revealing the plaintext.Nevertheless,FHE remains computationally expensive.As a result,approximate homomorphic encryption(AHE)schemes,such as CKKS,have attracted attention due to their efficiency.In our previous work,we proposed RP-OKC,a CKKS-based clustering scheme implemented via TenSEAL.However,errors inherent to CKKS operations—termed CKKS-errors—can affect the accuracy of the result after decryption.Since these errors can be mitigated through post-decryption rounding,we propose a data pre-scaling technique to increase the number of significant digits and reduce CKKS-errors.Furthermore,we introduce an Operation-Error-Estimation(OEE)table that quantifies upper-bound error estimates for various CKKS operations.This table enables error-aware decryption correction,ensuring alignment between encrypted and plaintext results.We validate our method on K-means clustering using the Kaggle Customer Segmentation dataset.Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme enhances the accuracy and reliability of privacy-preserving data analysis in cloud environments.
文摘As power systems expand,solving the unit commitment problem(UCP)becomes increasingly challenging due to the curse of dimensionality,and traditional methods often struggle to balance computational efficiency and solution optimality.To tackle this issue,we propose a problem-structure-informed quantum approximate optimization algorithm(QAOA)framework that fully exploits the quantum advantage under extremely limited quantum resources.Specifically,we leverage the inherent topological structure of power systems to decompose large-scale UCP instances into smaller subproblems,which are solvable in parallel by limited number of qubits.This decomposition not only circumvents the current hardware limitations of quantum computing but also achieves higher performance as the graph structure of the power system becomes more sparse.Consequently,our approach can be extended to future power systems that are larger and more complex.
基金We acknowledge the funding support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3080100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42102316)the opening fund of State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University(Grant No.SKHL2306).
文摘The discrete fracture system of a rock mass plays a crucial role in controlling the stability of rock slopes.To fully account for the geometric shape and distribution characteristics of jointed rock masses,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS)was employed to acquire high-resolution point-cloud data,and a developed automatic discontinuity-identification technology was coupled to automatically interpret and characterize geometric information such as orientation,trace length,spacing,and set number of the discontinuities.The discrete element method(DEM)was applied to study the influence of the geometric morphology and distribution characteristics of discontinuities on slope stability by generating a discrete fracture network(DFN)with the same statistical characteristics as the actual discontinuities.Based on slope data from the Yebatan Hydropower Station,a simulation was conducted to verify the applicability of the automatic discontinuity identification technology and the discrete fracture network-discrete element method(DFN-DEM).Various geological parameters,including trace length,persistence,and density,were examined to investigate the morphological evolution and response characteristics of rock slope excavation under different joint combination conditions through simulation.The simulation results indicate that joint parameters affect slope stability,with density having the most significant impact.The impact of joint parameters on stability is relatively small within a reasonable range but becomes significant beyond a certain threshold,further validating that the accuracy of field geological surveys is critical for simulation.This study provides a scientific basis for the construction of complex rock slope models,engineering assessments,and disaster prevention and mitigation,which is of great value in both theory and engineering applications.
文摘Computer analysis of electrocardiograms(ECGs)was introduced more than 50 years ago,with the aim to improve efficiency and clinical workflow.[1,2]However,inaccuracies have been documented in the literature.[3,4]Research indicates that emergency department(ED)clinician interruptions occur every 4-10 min,which is significantly more common than in other specialties.[5]This increases the cognitive load and error rates and impacts patient care and clinical effi ciency.[1,2,5]De-prioritization protocols have been introduced in certain centers in the United Kingdom(UK),removing the need for clinician ECG interpretation where ECGs have been interpreted as normal by the machine.
基金supported by the General Research Fund from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (No. PolyU 15210624)。
文摘Stratified flow is a common phenomenon in horizontal tubes of two-phase flow systems. However, the existing methods for calculating the wetted angle of the flat interface model and the central angle of the two-circle model rely on solving implicit transcendental equations, which require iterative numerical root-finding methods,thereby introducing computational complexity and inefficiency. This paper proposes the high-precision explicit approximate solutions for the two models, directly correlating the geometric parameters with the flow parameters, thus significantly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of two-phase flow analysis.
文摘2025年11月4日,美国国立综合癌症网络(National Comprehensive Cancer Network,NCCN)公布了《2026 NCCN子宫肿瘤临床实践指南(第1版)》。19d后更新了讨论部分,形成了第2版。现对这两版指南进行简要介绍及讨论。新版指南总体更新不多,主要更新了子宫内膜癌全身系统治疗方案。现将新版指南进行简要介绍及解读。
