This paper focuses on the training modes of interdisciplinary and application-oriented talents of business English and the constructions of curriculum. In the light of our socialist market-oriented economy characteris...This paper focuses on the training modes of interdisciplinary and application-oriented talents of business English and the constructions of curriculum. In the light of our socialist market-oriented economy characteristics, the discussion proceeds, in theory and practice, by putting forward a relatively profound approach according to the trend in the demands for business English talents and to the operational patterns of business English discipline, with some suggestions about the training modes of interdisciplinary and application-oriented talents and the construction of curriculum.展开更多
Under the social background of application-oriented transformation of local colleges and universities,the construction of linguistics course for English majors in Tibetan ethnic colleges should actively adapt to the r...Under the social background of application-oriented transformation of local colleges and universities,the construction of linguistics course for English majors in Tibetan ethnic colleges should actively adapt to the requirements of the times,update the teaching concept,take application as orientation,take combination of language theory and language practice as the principle,take interlinguistic study as the basic content and focus on language acquisition and second language teaching of extralinguistic study.In view of the existing problems in this course,the reform should take the following aspects into consideration:redefining the training objectives,finding out the course orientation,revising the teaching contents,improving the teaching methods,enriching the teaching means,reforming the evaluation methods,enhancing the teaching practice,strengthening the construction of the teaching staff and the construction of the course resources,to make the linguistic theoretical courses related to and guide students’language learning practice,to make it close to and be applied in students’daily life,to prepare students to be future teachers or researchers and most importantly to train qualified application-oriented English teachers for ethnic areas in Tibet.展开更多
With the rapid development of the economy,China’s economic form has also undergone significant changes.In this case,the requirements for talents are getting higher and higher.In the process of cultivating talents,sch...With the rapid development of the economy,China’s economic form has also undergone significant changes.In this case,the requirements for talents are getting higher and higher.In the process of cultivating talents,schools must constantly change their educational concepts and cultivate more application-oriented talents for the society.In this context,the reform of university and college English is of great necessity.Based on the importance of application-oriented talent training,this paper analyzes the current situation of English teaching in universities and colleges under the application-oriented talent training mode,and puts forward some specific measures for the reform of English teaching in universities and colleges.展开更多
Based on the concept of outcome-based education (OBE) and the existing OBE training mode, this paper puts forward the training mode of "three-quality talents" as a supplement. This mode effectively helps Chi...Based on the concept of outcome-based education (OBE) and the existing OBE training mode, this paper puts forward the training mode of "three-quality talents" as a supplement. This mode effectively helps Chinese application-oriented colleges and universities to improve the training quality of application-oriented talents, is an effective way to train application-oriented undergraduate professionals, and has a certain promotion and application value.展开更多
Heilongjiang reclamation area has made great progress since its development and construction, among which the agricultural and forestry colleges in China have played a key role in the input of talents for the producti...Heilongjiang reclamation area has made great progress since its development and construction, among which the agricultural and forestry colleges in China have played a key role in the input of talents for the production of reclamation area, and the spirit of the Great Wilderness has important strategic significance for the cultivation of agricultural and forestry talents. Taking Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University as an example, this paper analyzes the ways of the Great Northern Wilderness Spirit for cultivating application-oriented undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges, improving the curriculum system of undergraduate talents through innovation, strengthening the cultivation of students’ innovative ability, leading students’ scientific research and academic level, and enhancing students’ practical ability. To innovate the cultivation mode of application-oriented undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges under the guidance of the spirit of the Great Northern Wilderness, and to provide a reference mode for the cultivation of undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges in China.展开更多
Established in 2019,the Shandong Port Group(SPG)comprises four port groups(Qingdao Port,Rizhao Port,Yantai Port,and Bohaiwan Port)and 12 business segments.SPG connects 3,345 kilometers of coastline within Shandong Pro...Established in 2019,the Shandong Port Group(SPG)comprises four port groups(Qingdao Port,Rizhao Port,Yantai Port,and Bohaiwan Port)and 12 business segments.SPG connects 3,345 kilometers of coastline within Shandong Province.Its cargo throughput has consistently ranked first globally for many years,and its container volume growth ranks second globally,forming a port cluster covering the entire industrial chain.展开更多
The third International Standardization Youth Star Competition is held in Qingdao.We are very pleased to see that 236 teams from renowned domestic universities are actively participating in the competition.ISO has als...The third International Standardization Youth Star Competition is held in Qingdao.We are very pleased to see that 236 teams from renowned domestic universities are actively participating in the competition.ISO has also sent a representative to Qingdao,demonstrating its high level of attention and support for the competition.展开更多
Under the background of“One Belt and One Road Initiative”,China’s internationalization improves greatly,which promotes all-round communication and cooperation between China and foreign countries;the demand for appl...Under the background of“One Belt and One Road Initiative”,China’s internationalization improves greatly,which promotes all-round communication and cooperation between China and foreign countries;the demand for application-oriented translation talents is bound to increase substantially.Therefore,it is of great significance to establish a scientific and reasonable quality evaluation system to train translation professionals.This paper aims to discuss how to construct a quality evaluation system for translation majors in application-oriented colleges and universities for the purpose of promoting the translation talents cultivation.展开更多
Teachers of the Application-Oriented Institutes are the main force in the field of cultivating high-quality workers and skilled personnel, and their abilities determine the educational level and the training quality o...Teachers of the Application-Oriented Institutes are the main force in the field of cultivating high-quality workers and skilled personnel, and their abilities determine the educational level and the training quality of the Institutes. Double-quality teacher should have enough theoretical knowledge and corresponding professional practice skills. He isnot only competent for teaching theory, but also qualified for the guidance of professional practice. The professional practical ability is the core ability of teachers in the vocational colleges. Teachers of the Application-Oriented Institutes should eventually becomethe double-quality teachers. Therefore, to construct a high level teachers＇ teamwith double-quality teachers is the guarantee to improve the teaching quality of the Application-Oriented Institutes, andthe construction of teaching team is a necessary channel to achieve this goal.展开更多
This paper conducts the probe into the methods of implementing the general education in application-oriented civilian-run colleges and universities. As the basic education for the construction of high-quality teachers...This paper conducts the probe into the methods of implementing the general education in application-oriented civilian-run colleges and universities. As the basic education for the construction of high-quality teachers more and more urgent, how to make application-oriented colleges and universities teacher education in the personnel training level and training mode to meet the basic education development needs. Therefore, accomplishes the counted by the 100 million high quality worker diligently, ten million counts the professional personnel and a large quantities of best pick of the crop innovation talented person, specially raises the considerable amount to stress in the practical work department on the solution actual problem high level. Compared with the state-of-the-art core applications, this paper’s idea is novel and effective.展开更多
With the emergence of development of international integration,the domestic education also attaches great importance to English discipline.The hospitality management of application-oriented undergraduate universities ...With the emergence of development of international integration,the domestic education also attaches great importance to English discipline.The hospitality management of application-oriented undergraduate universities demands high standard for English.The hospitality management of some domestic undergraduate universities has reformed the traditional English teaching mode and adopted the Full English Teaching mode.However,due to the lack of high-quality English teachers,the single teaching methods,and the lack of support from university for Full English Teaching,the actual effect of Full English Teaching is not ideal.Through investigation and analysis of an undergraduate university,this paper finally puts forward countermeasures against the deficiencies in the Full English Teaching mode so as to improve the professional quality of the teaching staff,adopt diversified teaching means and enhance the school’s support for English teaching.展开更多
It is urgent and necessary to implement international understanding education in local application-oriented colleges and universities.Improving the international competitiveness of talents and cultivating global citiz...It is urgent and necessary to implement international understanding education in local application-oriented colleges and universities.Improving the international competitiveness of talents and cultivating global citizens is one of the goals of higher education.This paper discussed the problems of international understanding education in local application-oriented colleges and universities,including weak policy orientation,insufficient practical exploration,aphasia of national culture,etc.It is recommended to implement the international understanding education from two ways:subject penetration and project-based professional courses.In addition,the introduction of Chinese culture cannot be ignored to prevent the absence of national culture in cross-cultural communication.展开更多
Application-oriented art academies are professional institutions in which high importance is attached to the training of skills, and play a great help in the improvement of art majors＇ ability to apply professional k...Application-oriented art academies are professional institutions in which high importance is attached to the training of skills, and play a great help in the improvement of art majors＇ ability to apply professional knowledge. The establishment of a practice-oriented educational plan is an educational demand on the skills training of art majors. Studio system is one of the very important systems in the educational management of the application-oriented colleges and universities. In this paper, new ideas about the construction of studio system are first elaborated, and then the functional characteristics of computer applied to studio system and the innovation flow of studio system based on computer technology are analyzed. It is hoped that this paper can be helpful for the follow-up studies.展开更多
Since the eighties of the last century,the international higher education community has gradually formed a trend of attaching importance to practical teaching and strengthening the cultivation of application-oriented ...Since the eighties of the last century,the international higher education community has gradually formed a trend of attaching importance to practical teaching and strengthening the cultivation of application-oriented talents.With the construction demand of application-oriented talents,the requirements for laboratory work in universities to be raised,the traditional laboratory construction environment equipment and the management mode can no longer satisfy the needs of modern education;there exist a lot of problems,such as old environment,aged equipment,backward management system and mode,weak service awareness etc.,it needs to break the old management mode,adopting informatization management,normalizing management system,raising service awareness,strengthening the laboratory publicity,so that the overall level of computer laboratory construction and management would be improved.展开更多
Based on the analysis of the importance of professional cluster construction by ecological theory,with the change of social demand for talents,this paper explores the practice of environmental chemical professional cl...Based on the analysis of the importance of professional cluster construction by ecological theory,with the change of social demand for talents,this paper explores the practice of environmental chemical professional cluster construction in Pingdingshan University,including gradually perfecting teaching conditions and reforming teaching mode,breaking through the limitations of resources,integrating the boundaries of colleges and departments,integrating multiple resources,innovating systems and mechanisms,reconstructing professional clusters,decon-structing professional connotations,reorganizing curriculum systems,etc.,in order to better build the ecological chain network of education in application-oriented colleges and universities,realize the deep integration of industry and education,train future-oriented interdisciplinary applied talents of new engineering,and realize the construction of characteristic professional cluster in application-oriented colleges.展开更多
Strengthening the team construction of part-time teachers is required by the transformation and development of the universities,the realization of their goals of being developed into an application-oriented universiti...Strengthening the team construction of part-time teachers is required by the transformation and development of the universities,the realization of their goals of being developed into an application-oriented universities and their talent cultivation and long-term development.The existing problem regarding the part-time teachers in current application-oriented universities are the low proportion of part-time teachers,a shortage of high level parttime teachers,the absence of relevant laws and regulations,a lack of systematic policies or financial support for part-time teachers as well as the unsound management mechanism with insufficient scientific and reasonable employment scheme for part-time teachers.To strengthen the team construction of the part-time teachers in application-oriented universities,firstly we should improve the existing laws,regulations and policies and broaden the financial support channels.Secondly,we should develop the recruitment channels for part-time teachers and pay attention to introducing high-tech and highly-skilled talents.Thirdly,we should improve the management over part-time teachers and promote their value.Fourthly,it should adopt a people-oriented management concept and establish an effective evaluation and incentive mechanism for part-time teachers.展开更多
The rapid development of economy and tourism industry in Liaoning Province calls for more interpreting talents at primary and intermediate level for foreign exchange activities, escort tourism and business negotiation...The rapid development of economy and tourism industry in Liaoning Province calls for more interpreting talents at primary and intermediate level for foreign exchange activities, escort tourism and business negotiation. Due to the different demand from interpreting market, the cultivation of interpreters also need to be diversified. As a new emerging force, private application-oriented universities have set the goal as "To foster pragmatic and practical talents". But the available teaching materials and textbook can't satisfy the need for private application-oriented universities. Therefore, it is imperative to explore suitable teaching material based on the features and cultivation goals of private application-oriented universities, so that to better accomplish the teaching objective.展开更多
The cultivation of new quality talents has become a strategic need for national development.STEM education and intelligent technology are crucial in fostering the high-quality development of these talents.However,effe...The cultivation of new quality talents has become a strategic need for national development.STEM education and intelligent technology are crucial in fostering the high-quality development of these talents.However,effectively integrating intelligent technology with STEM education to enhance students‘comprehensive abilities is a significant challenge for educators.This paper explores how STEM education can empower the development of new quality talents in the digital intelligence era,delves into the essence of interdisciplinary integration driven by intelligent technology,and provides an in-depth analysis of the development landscape and implementation paths of intelligent technology in STEM education.The study finds that intelligent technology can significantly boost students’interest in learning,innovation capabilities,and problem-solving skills.However,it also highlights issues such as inadequate top-level design,teacher professional development,evaluation system improvement,and data security protection.Based on these findings,the paper proposes targeted strategies to provide more effective practical pathways for the interdisciplinary integration of STEM education.展开更多
文摘This paper focuses on the training modes of interdisciplinary and application-oriented talents of business English and the constructions of curriculum. In the light of our socialist market-oriented economy characteristics, the discussion proceeds, in theory and practice, by putting forward a relatively profound approach according to the trend in the demands for business English talents and to the operational patterns of business English discipline, with some suggestions about the training modes of interdisciplinary and application-oriented talents and the construction of curriculum.
文摘Under the social background of application-oriented transformation of local colleges and universities,the construction of linguistics course for English majors in Tibetan ethnic colleges should actively adapt to the requirements of the times,update the teaching concept,take application as orientation,take combination of language theory and language practice as the principle,take interlinguistic study as the basic content and focus on language acquisition and second language teaching of extralinguistic study.In view of the existing problems in this course,the reform should take the following aspects into consideration:redefining the training objectives,finding out the course orientation,revising the teaching contents,improving the teaching methods,enriching the teaching means,reforming the evaluation methods,enhancing the teaching practice,strengthening the construction of the teaching staff and the construction of the course resources,to make the linguistic theoretical courses related to and guide students’language learning practice,to make it close to and be applied in students’daily life,to prepare students to be future teachers or researchers and most importantly to train qualified application-oriented English teachers for ethnic areas in Tibet.
文摘With the rapid development of the economy,China’s economic form has also undergone significant changes.In this case,the requirements for talents are getting higher and higher.In the process of cultivating talents,schools must constantly change their educational concepts and cultivate more application-oriented talents for the society.In this context,the reform of university and college English is of great necessity.Based on the importance of application-oriented talent training,this paper analyzes the current situation of English teaching in universities and colleges under the application-oriented talent training mode,and puts forward some specific measures for the reform of English teaching in universities and colleges.
基金Supported by Innovative Research on the Training Mode of‘Three-Quality Talents’in Local Application-oriented Universities in the Context of Digital Economy (2021GA078).
文摘Based on the concept of outcome-based education (OBE) and the existing OBE training mode, this paper puts forward the training mode of "three-quality talents" as a supplement. This mode effectively helps Chinese application-oriented colleges and universities to improve the training quality of application-oriented talents, is an effective way to train application-oriented undergraduate professionals, and has a certain promotion and application value.
文摘Heilongjiang reclamation area has made great progress since its development and construction, among which the agricultural and forestry colleges in China have played a key role in the input of talents for the production of reclamation area, and the spirit of the Great Wilderness has important strategic significance for the cultivation of agricultural and forestry talents. Taking Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University as an example, this paper analyzes the ways of the Great Northern Wilderness Spirit for cultivating application-oriented undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges, improving the curriculum system of undergraduate talents through innovation, strengthening the cultivation of students’ innovative ability, leading students’ scientific research and academic level, and enhancing students’ practical ability. To innovate the cultivation mode of application-oriented undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges under the guidance of the spirit of the Great Northern Wilderness, and to provide a reference mode for the cultivation of undergraduate talents in agricultural and forestry colleges in China.
文摘Established in 2019,the Shandong Port Group(SPG)comprises four port groups(Qingdao Port,Rizhao Port,Yantai Port,and Bohaiwan Port)and 12 business segments.SPG connects 3,345 kilometers of coastline within Shandong Province.Its cargo throughput has consistently ranked first globally for many years,and its container volume growth ranks second globally,forming a port cluster covering the entire industrial chain.
文摘The third International Standardization Youth Star Competition is held in Qingdao.We are very pleased to see that 236 teams from renowned domestic universities are actively participating in the competition.ISO has also sent a representative to Qingdao,demonstrating its high level of attention and support for the competition.
文摘Under the background of“One Belt and One Road Initiative”,China’s internationalization improves greatly,which promotes all-round communication and cooperation between China and foreign countries;the demand for application-oriented translation talents is bound to increase substantially.Therefore,it is of great significance to establish a scientific and reasonable quality evaluation system to train translation professionals.This paper aims to discuss how to construct a quality evaluation system for translation majors in application-oriented colleges and universities for the purpose of promoting the translation talents cultivation.
文摘Teachers of the Application-Oriented Institutes are the main force in the field of cultivating high-quality workers and skilled personnel, and their abilities determine the educational level and the training quality of the Institutes. Double-quality teacher should have enough theoretical knowledge and corresponding professional practice skills. He isnot only competent for teaching theory, but also qualified for the guidance of professional practice. The professional practical ability is the core ability of teachers in the vocational colleges. Teachers of the Application-Oriented Institutes should eventually becomethe double-quality teachers. Therefore, to construct a high level teachers＇ teamwith double-quality teachers is the guarantee to improve the teaching quality of the Application-Oriented Institutes, andthe construction of teaching team is a necessary channel to achieve this goal.
文摘This paper conducts the probe into the methods of implementing the general education in application-oriented civilian-run colleges and universities. As the basic education for the construction of high-quality teachers more and more urgent, how to make application-oriented colleges and universities teacher education in the personnel training level and training mode to meet the basic education development needs. Therefore, accomplishes the counted by the 100 million high quality worker diligently, ten million counts the professional personnel and a large quantities of best pick of the crop innovation talented person, specially raises the considerable amount to stress in the practical work department on the solution actual problem high level. Compared with the state-of-the-art core applications, this paper’s idea is novel and effective.
基金2018 Higher Education Teaching Reform Project(Shaoxing City Level),“Application of Interactive Teaching Method in the Course of Supervision in the Hospitality Industry(Full English Teaching)”(Project No.:SXSKG2018028)2018 Bilingual Teaching Demonstration Course Construction Project(University Level),“Supervision in the Hospitality Industry(Full English Teaching)”(Project No.:SY1806)2019 Education Science Planning Project(Shaoxing City Level),“Empirical Research on the Evaluation System of Full English Teaching Based on Curriculum Effectiveness Theory”(Project No.:SGJ19047).
文摘With the emergence of development of international integration,the domestic education also attaches great importance to English discipline.The hospitality management of application-oriented undergraduate universities demands high standard for English.The hospitality management of some domestic undergraduate universities has reformed the traditional English teaching mode and adopted the Full English Teaching mode.However,due to the lack of high-quality English teachers,the single teaching methods,and the lack of support from university for Full English Teaching,the actual effect of Full English Teaching is not ideal.Through investigation and analysis of an undergraduate university,this paper finally puts forward countermeasures against the deficiencies in the Full English Teaching mode so as to improve the professional quality of the teaching staff,adopt diversified teaching means and enhance the school’s support for English teaching.
基金Supported by the Project of Sichuan International Education Development Research Center in Sichuan Provincial Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities"Research on the Construction of International Education Practical Teaching System in Local Application-oriented Colleges and Universities"(SCGJ2021-04)the Project of Sichuan International Education Development Research Center in Sichuan Provincial Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences in Colleges and Universities"Research and Practice of International Understanding Education in Agricultural Higher Vocational Colleges in the New Era"(SCGJ2022-17).
文摘It is urgent and necessary to implement international understanding education in local application-oriented colleges and universities.Improving the international competitiveness of talents and cultivating global citizens is one of the goals of higher education.This paper discussed the problems of international understanding education in local application-oriented colleges and universities,including weak policy orientation,insufficient practical exploration,aphasia of national culture,etc.It is recommended to implement the international understanding education from two ways:subject penetration and project-based professional courses.In addition,the introduction of Chinese culture cannot be ignored to prevent the absence of national culture in cross-cultural communication.
文摘Application-oriented art academies are professional institutions in which high importance is attached to the training of skills, and play a great help in the improvement of art majors＇ ability to apply professional knowledge. The establishment of a practice-oriented educational plan is an educational demand on the skills training of art majors. Studio system is one of the very important systems in the educational management of the application-oriented colleges and universities. In this paper, new ideas about the construction of studio system are first elaborated, and then the functional characteristics of computer applied to studio system and the innovation flow of studio system based on computer technology are analyzed. It is hoped that this paper can be helpful for the follow-up studies.
文摘Since the eighties of the last century,the international higher education community has gradually formed a trend of attaching importance to practical teaching and strengthening the cultivation of application-oriented talents.With the construction demand of application-oriented talents,the requirements for laboratory work in universities to be raised,the traditional laboratory construction environment equipment and the management mode can no longer satisfy the needs of modern education;there exist a lot of problems,such as old environment,aged equipment,backward management system and mode,weak service awareness etc.,it needs to break the old management mode,adopting informatization management,normalizing management system,raising service awareness,strengthening the laboratory publicity,so that the overall level of computer laboratory construction and management would be improved.
基金Supported by Education and Teaching Reform Research Project of Pingdingshan University(2021-JY55,2020-JY05)Key Scientifie Research Project of Col-leges and Universities in Henan Province(22B180011)+2 种基金Project of Henan Sci-ence and Technology Department(232102320262)Ideological and Political Theories Teaching in Key Demonstration Courses at School Level in Pingdings-han College in 2022-Comprehensive Experiment of Environmental BiologyIde-ological and Political Theories Teaching in Demonstration Courses at School Level in Pingdingshan College in 2023-Ecological Engineering.
文摘Based on the analysis of the importance of professional cluster construction by ecological theory,with the change of social demand for talents,this paper explores the practice of environmental chemical professional cluster construction in Pingdingshan University,including gradually perfecting teaching conditions and reforming teaching mode,breaking through the limitations of resources,integrating the boundaries of colleges and departments,integrating multiple resources,innovating systems and mechanisms,reconstructing professional clusters,decon-structing professional connotations,reorganizing curriculum systems,etc.,in order to better build the ecological chain network of education in application-oriented colleges and universities,realize the deep integration of industry and education,train future-oriented interdisciplinary applied talents of new engineering,and realize the construction of characteristic professional cluster in application-oriented colleges.
文摘Strengthening the team construction of part-time teachers is required by the transformation and development of the universities,the realization of their goals of being developed into an application-oriented universities and their talent cultivation and long-term development.The existing problem regarding the part-time teachers in current application-oriented universities are the low proportion of part-time teachers,a shortage of high level parttime teachers,the absence of relevant laws and regulations,a lack of systematic policies or financial support for part-time teachers as well as the unsound management mechanism with insufficient scientific and reasonable employment scheme for part-time teachers.To strengthen the team construction of the part-time teachers in application-oriented universities,firstly we should improve the existing laws,regulations and policies and broaden the financial support channels.Secondly,we should develop the recruitment channels for part-time teachers and pay attention to introducing high-tech and highly-skilled talents.Thirdly,we should improve the management over part-time teachers and promote their value.Fourthly,it should adopt a people-oriented management concept and establish an effective evaluation and incentive mechanism for part-time teachers.
文摘The rapid development of economy and tourism industry in Liaoning Province calls for more interpreting talents at primary and intermediate level for foreign exchange activities, escort tourism and business negotiation. Due to the different demand from interpreting market, the cultivation of interpreters also need to be diversified. As a new emerging force, private application-oriented universities have set the goal as "To foster pragmatic and practical talents". But the available teaching materials and textbook can't satisfy the need for private application-oriented universities. Therefore, it is imperative to explore suitable teaching material based on the features and cultivation goals of private application-oriented universities, so that to better accomplish the teaching objective.
文摘The cultivation of new quality talents has become a strategic need for national development.STEM education and intelligent technology are crucial in fostering the high-quality development of these talents.However,effectively integrating intelligent technology with STEM education to enhance students‘comprehensive abilities is a significant challenge for educators.This paper explores how STEM education can empower the development of new quality talents in the digital intelligence era,delves into the essence of interdisciplinary integration driven by intelligent technology,and provides an in-depth analysis of the development landscape and implementation paths of intelligent technology in STEM education.The study finds that intelligent technology can significantly boost students’interest in learning,innovation capabilities,and problem-solving skills.However,it also highlights issues such as inadequate top-level design,teacher professional development,evaluation system improvement,and data security protection.Based on these findings,the paper proposes targeted strategies to provide more effective practical pathways for the interdisciplinary integration of STEM education.
