Direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs)are a promising alternative to conventional energy sources,offering high energy density,environmental sustainability,and operational safety.Compared to methanol fuel cells,DEFCs exhibit...Direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs)are a promising alternative to conventional energy sources,offering high energy density,environmental sustainability,and operational safety.Compared to methanol fuel cells,DEFCs exhibit lower toxicity and a more mature preparation process.Unlike hydrogen fuel cells,DEFCs provide superior storage and transport feasibility,as well as cost-effectiveness,significantly enhancing their commercial viability.However,the stable C-C bond in ethanol creates a high activation energy barrier,often resulting in incomplete electrooxidation.Current commercial platinum(Pt)-and palladium(Pd)-based catalysts demonstrate low C-C bond cleavage efficiency(<7.5%),severely limiting DEFC energy output and power density.Furthermore,high catalyst costs and insufficient activity impede large-scale commercialization.Recent advances in DEFC anode catalyst design have focused on optimizing material composition and elucidating catalytic mechanisms.This review systematically examines developments in ethanol electrooxidation catalysts over the past five years,highlighting strategies to improve C1 pathway selectivity and C-C bond activation.Key approaches,such as alloying,nanostructure engineering,and interfacial synergy effects,are discussed alongside their mechanistic implications.Finally,we outline current challenges and future prospects for DEFC commercialization.展开更多
Direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs） are very promising power source for stationary and portable miniatureelectric appliances due to its high efficiency and low emissions of pollutants. As the key material, cata-lysts...Direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs） are very promising power source for stationary and portable miniatureelectric appliances due to its high efficiency and low emissions of pollutants. As the key material, cata-lysts for both cathode and anode face several problems which hinder the commercialization of DMFCs.In this review, we mainly focus on anode catalysts of DMFCs. The process and mechanism of methanolelectrooxidation on Pt and Pt-based catalysts in acidic medium have been introduced. The influences ofsize effect and morphology on electrocatalytic activity are discussed though whether there is a size effectin MOP, catalyst is under debate. Besides, the non Pt catalysts are also listed to emphasize though Pt isstill deemed as the indispensable element in anode catalyst of DMFCs in acidic medium. Different cata-lyst systems are compared to illustrate the level of research at present. ome debates need to be verifiedwith experimental evidences.展开更多
Reducing the Ir loading while preserving catalytic performance and mechanical robustness in anodic catalyst layers remains a critical challenge for the large-scale implementation of proton exchange membrane water elec...Reducing the Ir loading while preserving catalytic performance and mechanical robustness in anodic catalyst layers remains a critical challenge for the large-scale implementation of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE).Herein,we present a structural engineering strategy involving neodymium-doped Ir/IrO_(2)(Nd-Ir/IrO_(2))hollow nanospheres with precisely adjustable shell thickness and cavity dimensions.The optimized catalyst demonstrates excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in acidic media,achieving a remarkably low overpotential of 259 mV at a benchmark current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) while exhibiting substantially enhanced durability compared to commercial IrO_(2) and Ir/IrO_(2) counterparts.Notably,the Nd-Ir/IrO_(2) catalyst delivers a mass activity of 541.6 A gIr^(-1) at 1.50 V vs RHE,representing a 74.5-fold enhancement over conventional IrO_(2).Through comprehensive electrochemical analysis and advanced characterization techniques reveal that,the hierarchical hollow architecture simultaneously addresses multiple critical requirements:(i)abundant exposed active sites enabled by an enhanced electrochemical surface area,(ii)optimized mass transport pathways through engineered porosity,and(iii)preserved structural integrity via a continuous conductive framework,collectively enabling significant Ir loading reduction without compromising catalytic layer performance.Fundamental mechanistic investigations further disclose that Nd doping induces critical interfacial Nd-O-Ir configurations that stabilize lattice oxygen,together with intensified electron effect among mixed valent Ir that inhibits the overoxidation of Ir active sites during the OER process,synergistically ensuring enhanced catalytic durability.Our work establishes a dual-modulation paradigm integrating nanoscale architectural engineering with atomic-level heteroatom doping,providing a viable pathway toward high-performance PEMWE systems with drastically reduced noble metal requirements.展开更多
Fuel cells using borohydride as the fuel have received much attention because of high energy density and theoretical working potential.In this work,LaNi4.5Al0.5 hydrogen storage alloy used as the anodic material has b...Fuel cells using borohydride as the fuel have received much attention because of high energy density and theoretical working potential.In this work,LaNi4.5Al0.5 hydrogen storage alloy used as the anodic material has been investigated.It was found that the increasing operation temperature was helpful to the open-circuit potential,the discharge potential and the power density,but showed a negative effect on the utilization of the fuel due to the accelerated hydrogen evolution.The high KOH concentration was favorable for high-rate discharge capability.The adsorption and transformation of hydrogen on LaNi4.5Al0.5 alloy electrode has been observed,but its contribution to the discharge capability during a high-rate discharge was small.展开更多
Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxi...Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represents an efficient and promising strategy for its effective utilization.However,direct application in Ni-based anodes induces carbon deposition,which severely degrades cell performance.Herein,a medium-entropy oxide Sr_(2)FeNi_(0.1)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Mo_(0.3)O_(6−δ)(SFNCMM)was developed as an anode internal reforming catalyst.Following reduction treatment,FeNi_(3) nano-alloy particles precipitate on the surface of the material,thereby significantly enhancing its catalytic activity for LC-CMM reforming process.The catalyst achieved a methane conversion rate of 53.3%,demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.Electrochemical evaluations revealed that SFNCMM-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2−δ)(GDC)with a weight ratio of 7:3 exhibited superior electrochemical performance when employed as the anodic catalytic layer.With H_(2) and LC-CMM as fuels,the single cell achieved maximum power densities of 1467.32 and 1116.97 mW·cm^(−2) at 800℃,respectively,with corresponding polarization impedances of 0.17 and 1.35Ω·cm^(2).Furthermore,the single cell maintained stable operation for over 100 h under LC-CMM fueling without significant carbon deposition,confirming its robust resistance to carbon formation.These results underscore the potential of medium-entropy oxides as highly effective catalytic layers for mitigating carbon deposition in SOFCs.展开更多
A laboratory-scale intermediate-temperature H2S fuel cell with a configuration of H2S, (metal sulfide-based composite anode)/Li2SO4+Al2O3/(NiO-based composite cathode), air was developed and studied for production of ...A laboratory-scale intermediate-temperature H2S fuel cell with a configuration of H2S, (metal sulfide-based composite anode)/Li2SO4+Al2O3/(NiO-based composite cathode), air was developed and studied for production of power and for desulfurization of a fuel gas process stream. The cell was run at typical temperature (600—650℃) and ambient pressure, but its electrochemical performance may be limited by electrolyte membrane thickness. The membrane and its performance in cell have been characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) techniques. Composite anodes based on metal sulfides, Ag powder and electrolyte behaved well and stably in H2S stream, and composite cathodes based mainly on nickel oxide, Ag powder and electrolyte had superior per-formance to Pt catalyst. The maximum power density of up to 70mW?cm-2 and current density of as high as 250mA?cm-2 were obtained at 650℃. However, the long-term cell stability remains to be investigated.展开更多
Developing efficient anode catalysts for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells(NH_(3)-SOFCs)under intermediate-temperatures is of great importance,in support of hydrogen economy via ammonia utilization.In the present ...Developing efficient anode catalysts for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells(NH_(3)-SOFCs)under intermediate-temperatures is of great importance,in support of hydrogen economy via ammonia utilization.In the present work,the pyrochlore-type La_(2)Zr_(2-x)Ni_(x)O_(7+δ)(LZN_(x),x=0,0.02,0.05,0.08,0.10)oxides were synthesized as potential anode catalysts of NH_(3)-SOFCs due to the abundant Frankel defect that contributes to the good conductivity and oxygen ion mobility capacity.The effects of different content of Ni^(2+)doping on the crystal structure,surface morphology,thermal matching with YSZ(Yttria-stabilized zirconia),conductivity,and electrochemical performance of pyrochlore oxides were examined using different characterization techniques.The findings indicate that the LZN_(x)oxide behaves as an n-type semiconductor and exhibits an excellent high-temperature chemical compatibility and thermal matching with the YSZ electrolyte.Furthermore,LZN_(0.05)exhibits the smallest conductive band potential and bandgap,making it have a higher power density as anode material for NH_(3)-SOFCs compared to other anodes.As a result,the maximum power density of the LZN_(0.05)-40YSZ composite anode reaches 100.86 mW/cm^(2)at 800℃,which is 1.8 times greater than that of NiO-based NH_(3)-SOFCs(56.75 mW/cm^(2))under identical flow rate and temperature conditions.The extended durability indicates that the NH_(3)-SOFCs utilizing the LZN_(0.05)-40YSZ composite anode exhibits a negligible voltage degradation following uninterrupted operation at 800℃for 100 h.展开更多
The recent development of Aurum(Au)introduced Platinum(Pt)based nanomaterials is of great significance to direct methanol fuel cell as electrocatalysts for anode reactions,due to its stability and anti-poisoning featu...The recent development of Aurum(Au)introduced Platinum(Pt)based nanomaterials is of great significance to direct methanol fuel cell as electrocatalysts for anode reactions,due to its stability and anti-poisoning features.Therefore,the performance of PtAu based catalysts with different elements,atomic ratio,and morphology was studied in methanol solution to further improve its electrocatalytic activity.Furthermore,the effects of Au have aroused the researchers'attention in Pt-based nanocatalysts.In this review,we summarize the controllable synthesis,mechanism,and catalytic performance of Au introduced Pt-based electrocatalysts such as PtAu core-shell nanostructures,PtAu dendrite,PtAu nanowires,self-supporting Au@Pt NPs,and Au@Pt star-like nanocrystals for the methanol oxidation reaction.Finally,the challenges and research directions for the future development of PtAu based catalysts are provided.展开更多
Nanosized Pt catalysts are the catalyst-of-choice for proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)anode,but are limited by their extreme sensitivity to CO in parts per million(ppm)level,thereby making the use of ultrapur...Nanosized Pt catalysts are the catalyst-of-choice for proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)anode,but are limited by their extreme sensitivity to CO in parts per million(ppm)level,thereby making the use of ultrapure H_(2)a prerequisite to ensure acceptable performance.Herein,we confront the CO poisoning issue by bringing the Ir/Rh single atom sites to synergistically working with their metallic counterparts.In presence of 1000 ppm CO,the catalyst represents not only undisturbed H_(2)oxidation reaction(HOR)catalytic behavior in electrochemical cell,but also unparalleled peak power density at 643 mW cm^(-2)in single cell,27-fold in mass activity of the best PtRu/C catalysts available.Pre-poisoning experiments and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy(SERS)and calculation results in combine suggest the presence of adjacent Ir/Rh single atom sites(SASs)to the nanoparticles(NPs)as the origin for this prominent catalytic behavior.The single sites not only exhibit superb CO oxidation performance by themselves,but can also scavenge the CO adsorbed on approximated NPs via supplying reactive OH*species.We open up a new route here to conquer the formidable CO poisoning issue through single atom and nanoparticle synergistic catalysis,and pave the way towards a more robust PEMFC future.展开更多
A desirable methanol oxidation electrocatalyst was fabricated by metal atom diffusion to form an alloy of an assembled three-dimensional （3D） radial nanostructure of SnNi nanoneedles loaded with SnNiPt nanoparticles...A desirable methanol oxidation electrocatalyst was fabricated by metal atom diffusion to form an alloy of an assembled three-dimensional （3D） radial nanostructure of SnNi nanoneedles loaded with SnNiPt nanoparticles （NPs）.Herein,metal atom diffusion occurred between the SnNi support and loaded Pt NPs to form a SnNiPt ternary alloy on the catalyst surface.The as-obtained catalyst combines the excellent catalytic performance of the alloy and advantages of the 3D nanostructure;the SnNiPt NPs,which fused on the surface of the SnNi nanoneedle support,can dramatically improve the availability of Pt during electrocatalysis,and thus elevate the catalytic activity.In addition,the efficient mass transfer of the 3D nanostructure reduced the onset potential.Furthermore,the catalyst achieved a favorable CO poisoning resistance and enhanced stability.After atomic interdiffusion,the catalytic activity drastically increased by 45%,and the other performances substantially improved.These results demonstrate the significant advantage and enormous potential of the atomic interdiffusion treatment in catalytic applications.展开更多
Hydrocarbon fuels have the advantages of being low-cost,easy to store and transport,and can be converted into biomass gas through oxidation and reforming processes,further increasing their potential applications.Howev...Hydrocarbon fuels have the advantages of being low-cost,easy to store and transport,and can be converted into biomass gas through oxidation and reforming processes,further increasing their potential applications.However,incomplete reforming and carbon deposition under practical conditions hinder the utilization of hydrocarbon fuels.In this work,Ni_(0.1)Fe_(0.1)Ce_(0.8)O_(2−δ)(NFCO)is employed as the anode reforming catalyst for tubular solid oxide fuel cells(T-SOFCs)with low-concentration ethanol-carbon dioxide fuel.With the in situ-formed NiFe alloy,the T-SOFC with NFCO achieves peak power densities of 538,614,and 608 mW·cm^(−2)in 5%,10%,and 15%ethanol,respectively,which are higher than those of the cell without NFCO.More importantly,no significant degradation is observed during long-term operation.As confirmed by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the introduction of a NiFe alloy on the basis of CeO_(2)significantly improved the adsorption energy of H2O,thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of water molecules and promoting the adsorption and conversion of ethanol fuel.The results indicate that the heterostructure between the NiFe alloy and high-oxygen-vacancy CeO_(2)enhances the anode catalytic activity and inhibits the carbon deposition of T-SOFCs under low-concentration ethanol-carbon dioxide fuel,providing important insights for the development of high-performance,carbon-tolerant T-SOFCs under direct hydrocarbon fuel.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22472023,22202037)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program(20250102077JC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2412024QD014,2412023QD019).
文摘Direct ethanol fuel cells(DEFCs)are a promising alternative to conventional energy sources,offering high energy density,environmental sustainability,and operational safety.Compared to methanol fuel cells,DEFCs exhibit lower toxicity and a more mature preparation process.Unlike hydrogen fuel cells,DEFCs provide superior storage and transport feasibility,as well as cost-effectiveness,significantly enhancing their commercial viability.However,the stable C-C bond in ethanol creates a high activation energy barrier,often resulting in incomplete electrooxidation.Current commercial platinum(Pt)-and palladium(Pd)-based catalysts demonstrate low C-C bond cleavage efficiency(<7.5%),severely limiting DEFC energy output and power density.Furthermore,high catalyst costs and insufficient activity impede large-scale commercialization.Recent advances in DEFC anode catalyst design have focused on optimizing material composition and elucidating catalytic mechanisms.This review systematically examines developments in ethanol electrooxidation catalysts over the past five years,highlighting strategies to improve C1 pathway selectivity and C-C bond activation.Key approaches,such as alloying,nanostructure engineering,and interfacial synergy effects,are discussed alongside their mechanistic implications.Finally,we outline current challenges and future prospects for DEFC commercialization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21633008,21673221)the Jilin Province Science and Technology Development Program (20160622037JC,20170203003SF,and 20170520150JH)+1 种基金the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Recruitment Program of Foreign Experts (WQ20122200077)
文摘Direct methanol fuel cells （DMFCs） are very promising power source for stationary and portable miniatureelectric appliances due to its high efficiency and low emissions of pollutants. As the key material, cata-lysts for both cathode and anode face several problems which hinder the commercialization of DMFCs.In this review, we mainly focus on anode catalysts of DMFCs. The process and mechanism of methanolelectrooxidation on Pt and Pt-based catalysts in acidic medium have been introduced. The influences ofsize effect and morphology on electrocatalytic activity are discussed though whether there is a size effectin MOP, catalyst is under debate. Besides, the non Pt catalysts are also listed to emphasize though Pt isstill deemed as the indispensable element in anode catalyst of DMFCs in acidic medium. Different cata-lyst systems are compared to illustrate the level of research at present. ome debates need to be verifiedwith experimental evidences.
基金supported by the Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province,China(tsqn202211162)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22372088 and 22102079)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China(ZR2021YQ10)the Materials/Parts Technology Development Program(RS-2024-00432627)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy,Korea.
文摘Reducing the Ir loading while preserving catalytic performance and mechanical robustness in anodic catalyst layers remains a critical challenge for the large-scale implementation of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWE).Herein,we present a structural engineering strategy involving neodymium-doped Ir/IrO_(2)(Nd-Ir/IrO_(2))hollow nanospheres with precisely adjustable shell thickness and cavity dimensions.The optimized catalyst demonstrates excellent oxygen evolution reaction(OER)performance in acidic media,achieving a remarkably low overpotential of 259 mV at a benchmark current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) while exhibiting substantially enhanced durability compared to commercial IrO_(2) and Ir/IrO_(2) counterparts.Notably,the Nd-Ir/IrO_(2) catalyst delivers a mass activity of 541.6 A gIr^(-1) at 1.50 V vs RHE,representing a 74.5-fold enhancement over conventional IrO_(2).Through comprehensive electrochemical analysis and advanced characterization techniques reveal that,the hierarchical hollow architecture simultaneously addresses multiple critical requirements:(i)abundant exposed active sites enabled by an enhanced electrochemical surface area,(ii)optimized mass transport pathways through engineered porosity,and(iii)preserved structural integrity via a continuous conductive framework,collectively enabling significant Ir loading reduction without compromising catalytic layer performance.Fundamental mechanistic investigations further disclose that Nd doping induces critical interfacial Nd-O-Ir configurations that stabilize lattice oxygen,together with intensified electron effect among mixed valent Ir that inhibits the overoxidation of Ir active sites during the OER process,synergistically ensuring enhanced catalytic durability.Our work establishes a dual-modulation paradigm integrating nanoscale architectural engineering with atomic-level heteroatom doping,providing a viable pathway toward high-performance PEMWE systems with drastically reduced noble metal requirements.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation (Nos. Y405496 and 2008C14040)the National Fundamental Research "973" Prophase Project (2007CB216409)
文摘Fuel cells using borohydride as the fuel have received much attention because of high energy density and theoretical working potential.In this work,LaNi4.5Al0.5 hydrogen storage alloy used as the anodic material has been investigated.It was found that the increasing operation temperature was helpful to the open-circuit potential,the discharge potential and the power density,but showed a negative effect on the utilization of the fuel due to the accelerated hydrogen evolution.The high KOH concentration was favorable for high-rate discharge capability.The adsorption and transformation of hydrogen on LaNi4.5Al0.5 alloy electrode has been observed,but its contribution to the discharge capability during a high-rate discharge was small.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFB4007501)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240109)the project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Clean Utilization of Carbon Resources(No.BM2024007).
文摘Low-concentration coal mine methane(LC-CMM),which is predominantly composed of methane,serves as a clean and low-carbon energy resource with significant potential for utilization.Utilizing LC-CMM as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs)represents an efficient and promising strategy for its effective utilization.However,direct application in Ni-based anodes induces carbon deposition,which severely degrades cell performance.Herein,a medium-entropy oxide Sr_(2)FeNi_(0.1)Cr_(0.3)Mn_(0.3)Mo_(0.3)O_(6−δ)(SFNCMM)was developed as an anode internal reforming catalyst.Following reduction treatment,FeNi_(3) nano-alloy particles precipitate on the surface of the material,thereby significantly enhancing its catalytic activity for LC-CMM reforming process.The catalyst achieved a methane conversion rate of 53.3%,demonstrating excellent catalytic performance.Electrochemical evaluations revealed that SFNCMM-Gd_(0.1)Ce_(0.9)O_(2−δ)(GDC)with a weight ratio of 7:3 exhibited superior electrochemical performance when employed as the anodic catalytic layer.With H_(2) and LC-CMM as fuels,the single cell achieved maximum power densities of 1467.32 and 1116.97 mW·cm^(−2) at 800℃,respectively,with corresponding polarization impedances of 0.17 and 1.35Ω·cm^(2).Furthermore,the single cell maintained stable operation for over 100 h under LC-CMM fueling without significant carbon deposition,confirming its robust resistance to carbon formation.These results underscore the potential of medium-entropy oxides as highly effective catalytic layers for mitigating carbon deposition in SOFCs.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 05006552).
文摘A laboratory-scale intermediate-temperature H2S fuel cell with a configuration of H2S, (metal sulfide-based composite anode)/Li2SO4+Al2O3/(NiO-based composite cathode), air was developed and studied for production of power and for desulfurization of a fuel gas process stream. The cell was run at typical temperature (600—650℃) and ambient pressure, but its electrochemical performance may be limited by electrolyte membrane thickness. The membrane and its performance in cell have been characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectrum (EIS) techniques. Composite anodes based on metal sulfides, Ag powder and electrolyte behaved well and stably in H2S stream, and composite cathodes based mainly on nickel oxide, Ag powder and electrolyte had superior per-formance to Pt catalyst. The maximum power density of up to 70mW?cm-2 and current density of as high as 250mA?cm-2 were obtained at 650℃. However, the long-term cell stability remains to be investigated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22378069,22278081,and 22308055)the Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22221005)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFB4003701 and 2022YFB4002404)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant Nos.2023J01066 and 2022J05027)the Talent Program of Fuzhou University(Grant No.XRC-22036).
文摘Developing efficient anode catalysts for direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cells(NH_(3)-SOFCs)under intermediate-temperatures is of great importance,in support of hydrogen economy via ammonia utilization.In the present work,the pyrochlore-type La_(2)Zr_(2-x)Ni_(x)O_(7+δ)(LZN_(x),x=0,0.02,0.05,0.08,0.10)oxides were synthesized as potential anode catalysts of NH_(3)-SOFCs due to the abundant Frankel defect that contributes to the good conductivity and oxygen ion mobility capacity.The effects of different content of Ni^(2+)doping on the crystal structure,surface morphology,thermal matching with YSZ(Yttria-stabilized zirconia),conductivity,and electrochemical performance of pyrochlore oxides were examined using different characterization techniques.The findings indicate that the LZN_(x)oxide behaves as an n-type semiconductor and exhibits an excellent high-temperature chemical compatibility and thermal matching with the YSZ electrolyte.Furthermore,LZN_(0.05)exhibits the smallest conductive band potential and bandgap,making it have a higher power density as anode material for NH_(3)-SOFCs compared to other anodes.As a result,the maximum power density of the LZN_(0.05)-40YSZ composite anode reaches 100.86 mW/cm^(2)at 800℃,which is 1.8 times greater than that of NiO-based NH_(3)-SOFCs(56.75 mW/cm^(2))under identical flow rate and temperature conditions.The extended durability indicates that the NH_(3)-SOFCs utilizing the LZN_(0.05)-40YSZ composite anode exhibits a negligible voltage degradation following uninterrupted operation at 800℃for 100 h.
基金supported by the Guangxi Science and Technology Project(Nos.AA17204083 and AB16380030)the link project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Fujian Province(No.U1705252)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2015A030312007).
文摘The recent development of Aurum(Au)introduced Platinum(Pt)based nanomaterials is of great significance to direct methanol fuel cell as electrocatalysts for anode reactions,due to its stability and anti-poisoning features.Therefore,the performance of PtAu based catalysts with different elements,atomic ratio,and morphology was studied in methanol solution to further improve its electrocatalytic activity.Furthermore,the effects of Au have aroused the researchers'attention in Pt-based nanocatalysts.In this review,we summarize the controllable synthesis,mechanism,and catalytic performance of Au introduced Pt-based electrocatalysts such as PtAu core-shell nanostructures,PtAu dendrite,PtAu nanowires,self-supporting Au@Pt NPs,and Au@Pt star-like nanocrystals for the methanol oxidation reaction.Finally,the challenges and research directions for the future development of PtAu based catalysts are provided.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4004100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20396 and 22209168)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2208085UD04)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M743375)。
文摘Nanosized Pt catalysts are the catalyst-of-choice for proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)anode,but are limited by their extreme sensitivity to CO in parts per million(ppm)level,thereby making the use of ultrapure H_(2)a prerequisite to ensure acceptable performance.Herein,we confront the CO poisoning issue by bringing the Ir/Rh single atom sites to synergistically working with their metallic counterparts.In presence of 1000 ppm CO,the catalyst represents not only undisturbed H_(2)oxidation reaction(HOR)catalytic behavior in electrochemical cell,but also unparalleled peak power density at 643 mW cm^(-2)in single cell,27-fold in mass activity of the best PtRu/C catalysts available.Pre-poisoning experiments and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy(SERS)and calculation results in combine suggest the presence of adjacent Ir/Rh single atom sites(SASs)to the nanoparticles(NPs)as the origin for this prominent catalytic behavior.The single sites not only exhibit superb CO oxidation performance by themselves,but can also scavenge the CO adsorbed on approximated NPs via supplying reactive OH*species.We open up a new route here to conquer the formidable CO poisoning issue through single atom and nanoparticle synergistic catalysis,and pave the way towards a more robust PEMFC future.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 21771140, 21471114, 91122103 and 51271132）.
文摘A desirable methanol oxidation electrocatalyst was fabricated by metal atom diffusion to form an alloy of an assembled three-dimensional （3D） radial nanostructure of SnNi nanoneedles loaded with SnNiPt nanoparticles （NPs）.Herein,metal atom diffusion occurred between the SnNi support and loaded Pt NPs to form a SnNiPt ternary alloy on the catalyst surface.The as-obtained catalyst combines the excellent catalytic performance of the alloy and advantages of the 3D nanostructure;the SnNiPt NPs,which fused on the surface of the SnNi nanoneedle support,can dramatically improve the availability of Pt during electrocatalysis,and thus elevate the catalytic activity.In addition,the efficient mass transfer of the 3D nanostructure reduced the onset potential.Furthermore,the catalyst achieved a favorable CO poisoning resistance and enhanced stability.After atomic interdiffusion,the catalytic activity drastically increased by 45%,and the other performances substantially improved.These results demonstrate the significant advantage and enormous potential of the atomic interdiffusion treatment in catalytic applications.
基金the financial support provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFB4007501)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20240109)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024QN11045)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2024M753513).
文摘Hydrocarbon fuels have the advantages of being low-cost,easy to store and transport,and can be converted into biomass gas through oxidation and reforming processes,further increasing their potential applications.However,incomplete reforming and carbon deposition under practical conditions hinder the utilization of hydrocarbon fuels.In this work,Ni_(0.1)Fe_(0.1)Ce_(0.8)O_(2−δ)(NFCO)is employed as the anode reforming catalyst for tubular solid oxide fuel cells(T-SOFCs)with low-concentration ethanol-carbon dioxide fuel.With the in situ-formed NiFe alloy,the T-SOFC with NFCO achieves peak power densities of 538,614,and 608 mW·cm^(−2)in 5%,10%,and 15%ethanol,respectively,which are higher than those of the cell without NFCO.More importantly,no significant degradation is observed during long-term operation.As confirmed by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,the introduction of a NiFe alloy on the basis of CeO_(2)significantly improved the adsorption energy of H2O,thereby increasing the adsorption capacity of water molecules and promoting the adsorption and conversion of ethanol fuel.The results indicate that the heterostructure between the NiFe alloy and high-oxygen-vacancy CeO_(2)enhances the anode catalytic activity and inhibits the carbon deposition of T-SOFCs under low-concentration ethanol-carbon dioxide fuel,providing important insights for the development of high-performance,carbon-tolerant T-SOFCs under direct hydrocarbon fuel.
