The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)facilitates various applications from all areas but also poses great challenges in its hardware implementation in terms of speed and energy because of the explosive ...The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)facilitates various applications from all areas but also poses great challenges in its hardware implementation in terms of speed and energy because of the explosive growth of data.Optical computing provides a distinctive perspective to address this bottleneck by harnessing the unique properties of photons including broad bandwidth,low latency,and high energy efficiency.In this review,we introduce the latest developments of optical computing for different AI models,including feedforward neural networks,reservoir computing,and spiking neural networks(SNNs).Recent progress in integrated photonic devices,combined with the rise of AI,provides a great opportunity for the renaissance of optical computing in practical applications.This effort requires multidisciplinary efforts from a broad community.This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art accomplishments in recent years,discusses the availability of current technologies,and points out various remaining challenges in different aspects to push the frontier.We anticipate that the era of large-scale integrated photonics processors will soon arrive for practical AI applications in the form of hybrid optoelectronic frameworks.展开更多
Photonic hardware implementation of spiking neural networks,regarded as a viable potential paradigm for ultra-high speed and energy efficiency computing,leverages spatiotemporal spike encoding and event-driven dynamic...Photonic hardware implementation of spiking neural networks,regarded as a viable potential paradigm for ultra-high speed and energy efficiency computing,leverages spatiotemporal spike encoding and event-driven dynamics to simulate brain-like parallel information processing.Silicon-based microring resonators(MRRs)offer a power efficiency and ultrahigh flexibility scheme to mimic biological neuron,however,their substantial potential for integrated neuromorphic systems remains limited by insufficient exploration of MRR-based spiking digital and analog computation.Here,an all-optical neural dynamics framework,encompassing both excitatory and inhibitory behaviors based on multi-wavelength auxiliary and competition mechanism in an MRR,is proposed numerically.Leveraging multi-wavelength resonance characteristics and wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)technology,a single MRR implements the five fundamental optical digital logic gates:AND,OR,NOT,XNOR and XOR.Besides,the cascading capabilities of MRR-based spiking neurons are demonstrated through multi-level digital logic gates including NAND,NOR,4-input AND,8-input AND,and a full adder,emphasizing their promise for large-scale digital logic networks.Furthermore,an exemplary binary convolution has been achieved by utilizing the proposed MRR-based digital logic operation,illustrating the potential of all-optical binary convolution to compute image gradient magnitudes for edge detection.Such passive photonic neurons and networks promise access to the high transmission speed and low power consumption inherent to optical systems,thus enabling direct hardware-algorithm co-computation and accelerating artificial intelligence.展开更多
Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom a...Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom arrays,scalability is primarily constrained by the capacity to generate large numbers of optical tweezers,and conventional techniques using acousto-optic deflectors or spatial light modulators struggle to produce arrays much beyond∼10,000 tweezers.Moreover,these methods require additional microscope objectives to focus the light into micrometer-sized spots,which further complicates system integration and scalability.Here,we demonstrate the experimental generation of an optical tweezer array containing 280×280 spots using a metasurface,nearly an order of magnitude more than most existing systems.The metasurface leverages a large number of subwavelength phase-control pixels to engineer the wavefront of the incident light,enabling both large-scale tweezer generation and direct focusing into micron-scale spots without the need for a microscope.This result shifts the scalability bottleneck for atom arrays from the tweezer generation hardware to the available laser power.Furthermore,the array shows excellent intensity uniformity exceeding 90%,making it suitable for homogeneous single-atom loading and paving the way for trapping arrays of more than 10,000 atoms in the near future.展开更多
The forward model of optical fiber strain induced by fractures,together with the associated model resolution matrix,is used to demonstrate the interpretability of fracture parameters once the fracture intersects the f...The forward model of optical fiber strain induced by fractures,together with the associated model resolution matrix,is used to demonstrate the interpretability of fracture parameters once the fracture intersects the fiber.A regularized inversion framework for fracture parameters is established to evaluate the influence of measured data quality on the accuracy of iterative regularized inversion.An interpretation approach for both fracture width and height is proposed,and the synthetic forward data with measurement error and field examples are employed to validate the accuracy of the simultaneous inversion of fracture width and height.The results indicate that,after the fracture contacts the fiber,the strain response is strongly sensitive only to the fracture parameters at the intersection location,whereas the interpretability of parameters at other locations remains limited.The iterative regularized inversion method effectively suppresses the impact of measurement error and exhibits high computational efficiency,showing clear advantages for inversion applications.When incorporating the first-order regularization with a Neumann boundary constraint on the tip width,the inverted fracture-width distribution becomes highly sensitive to fracture height;thus,combined with a bisection strategy,simultaneous inversion of fracture width and height can be achieved.Examination using the model resolution matrix,noisy synthetic data,and field data confirms that the iterative regularized inversion model for fracture width and height provides high interpretive accuracy and can be applied to the calculation and analysis of fracture width,fracture height,net pressure and other parameters.展开更多
The explosive growth of data and information has motivated various emerging non-von Neumann computational approaches in the More-than-Moore era.Photonics neuromorphic computing has attracted lots of attention due to t...The explosive growth of data and information has motivated various emerging non-von Neumann computational approaches in the More-than-Moore era.Photonics neuromorphic computing has attracted lots of attention due to the fascinating advantages such as high speed,wide bandwidth,and massive parallelism.Here,we offer a review on the optical neural computing in our research groups at the device and system levels.The photonics neuron and photonics synapse plasticity are presented.In addition,we introduce several optical neural computing architectures and algorithms including photonic spiking neural network,photonic convolutional neural network,photonic matrix computation,photonic reservoir computing,and photonic reinforcement learning.Finally,we summarize the major challenges faced by photonic neuromorphic computing,and propose promising solutions and perspectives.展开更多
Memristors are now becoming a prominent candidate to serve as the building blocks of non-von Neumann inmemory computing architectures.By mapping analog numerical matrices into memristor crossbar arrays,efficient multi...Memristors are now becoming a prominent candidate to serve as the building blocks of non-von Neumann inmemory computing architectures.By mapping analog numerical matrices into memristor crossbar arrays,efficient multiply accumulate operations can be performed in a massively parallel fashion using the physics mechanisms of Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s law.In this brief review,we present the recent progress in two niche applications:neural network accelerators and numerical computing units,mainly focusing on the advances in hardware demonstrations.The former one is regarded as soft computing since it can tolerant some degree of the device and array imperfections.The acceleration of multiple layer perceptrons,convolutional neural networks,generative adversarial networks,and long short-term memory neural networks are described.The latter one is hard computing because the solving of numerical problems requires high-precision devices.Several breakthroughs in memristive equation solvers with improved computation accuracies are highlighted.Besides,other nonvolatile devices with the capability of analog computing are also briefly introduced.Finally,we conclude the review with discussions on the challenges and opportunities for future research toward realizing memristive analog computing machines.展开更多
Object identification and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques are always attractive research interests in machine vision,virtual reality,augmented reality,and biomedical engineering.Optical computing metasurfa...Object identification and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques are always attractive research interests in machine vision,virtual reality,augmented reality,and biomedical engineering.Optical computing metasurface,as a two-dimensional artificial design component,has displayed the supernormal character of controlling phase,amplitude,polarization,and frequency distributions of the light beam,capable of performing mathematical operations on the input light field.Here,we propose and demonstrate an all-optical object identification technique based on optical computing metasurface,and apply it to 3D reconstruction.Unlike traditional mechanisms,this scheme reduces memory consumption in the processing of the contour surface extraction.The identification and reconstruction of experimental results from high-contrast and low-contrast objects agree well with the real objects.The exploration of the all-optical object identification and 3D reconstruction techniques provides potential applications of high efficiencies,low consumption,and compact systems.展开更多
Optical computing and optical neural network have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their potential advantages of parallel processing at the speed of light and low power consumption by comparison ...Optical computing and optical neural network have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their potential advantages of parallel processing at the speed of light and low power consumption by comparison with electronic computing.The optical implementation of the fundamental building blocks of a digital computer,i.e.logic gates,has been investigated extensively in the past few decades.Optical logic gate computing is an alternative approach to various analogue optical computing architectures.In this paper,the latest development of optical logic gate computing with different kinds of implementations is reviewed.Firstly,the basic concepts of analogue and digital computing with logic gates in the electronic and optical domains are introduced.And then a comprehensive summary of various optical logic gate schemes including spatial encoding of light field,semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA),highly nonlinear fiber(HNLF),microscale and nanoscale waveguides,and photonic crystal structures is presented.To conclude,the formidable challenges in developing practical all-optical logic gates are analyzed and the prospects of the future are discussed.展开更多
Orbital angular momentum(OAM),emerging as an inherently high-dimensional property of photons,has boosted information capacity in optical communications.However,the potential of OAM in optical computing remains almost ...Orbital angular momentum(OAM),emerging as an inherently high-dimensional property of photons,has boosted information capacity in optical communications.However,the potential of OAM in optical computing remains almost unexplored.Here,we present a highly efficient optical computing protocol for complex vector convolution with the superposition of high-dimensional OAM eigenmodes.We used two cascaded spatial light modulators to prepare suitable OAM superpositions to encode two complex vectors.Then,a deep-learning strategy is devised to decode the complex OAM spectrum,thus accomplishing the optical convolution task.In our experiment,we succeed in demonstrating 7-,9-,and 11-dimensional complex vector convolutions,in which an average proximity better than 95%and a mean relative error<6%are achieved.Our present scheme can be extended to incorporate other degrees of freedom for a more versatile optical computing in the high-dimensional Hilbert space.展开更多
An efficient wavelet-based finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method is implemented for analyzing nanoscale optical devices,especially optical resonator.Because of its highly linear numerical dispersion properties the...An efficient wavelet-based finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method is implemented for analyzing nanoscale optical devices,especially optical resonator.Because of its highly linear numerical dispersion properties the high-spatial-order FDTD achieves significant reduction in the number of cells,i.e.used memory,while analyzing a high-index dielectric ring resonator working as an add/drop multiplexer.The main novelty is that the wavelet-based FDTD model is extended in a parallel computation environment to solve physical problems with large dimensions.To demonstrate the efficiency of the parallelized FDTD model,a mirrored cavity is analyzed.The analysis shows that the proposed model reduces computation time and memory cost,and the parallel computation result matches the theoretical model.展开更多
An electro-absorption(EA)modulator is one of key components for optical fiber communications due to the high speed,small size,low voltage and integration ability with other semiconductor devices.A 40 Gb/s InGaAsP/InP ...An electro-absorption(EA)modulator is one of key components for optical fiber communications due to the high speed,small size,low voltage and integration ability with other semiconductor devices.A 40 Gb/s InGaAsP/InP multiplequantum-well(MQW)EA modulator monolithically integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)was fabricated for digital communications.The modulator capacitance was reduced to obtain 40 GHz bandwidth,and the SOA section helped reduce the insertion loss from 18 dB to 3 dB.InGaAlAs/InP MQW EA modulators have also been fabricated and characterized for analog optical fiber communications.A low driving voltage of 2.7 V and high spurious free dynamic range of 107 dB·Hz2/3 were estimated by static and dynamic measurements.展开更多
We utilize three parallel reservoir computers using semiconductor lasers with optical feedback and light injection to model radar probe signals with delays.Three radar probe signals are generated by driving lasers con...We utilize three parallel reservoir computers using semiconductor lasers with optical feedback and light injection to model radar probe signals with delays.Three radar probe signals are generated by driving lasers constructed by a threeelement laser array with self-feedback.The response lasers are implemented also by a three-element lase array with both delay-time feedback and optical injection,which are utilized as nonlinear nodes to realize the reservoirs.We show that each delayed radar probe signal can be predicted well and to synchronize with its corresponding trained reservoir,even when parameter mismatches exist between the response laser array and the driving laser array.Based on this,the three synchronous probe signals are utilized for ranging to three targets,respectively,using Hilbert transform.It is demonstrated that the relative errors for ranging can be very small and less than 0.6%.Our findings show that optical reservoir computing provides an effective way for applications of target ranging.展开更多
This paper reviews the recently developed optical interconnect technologies designed for scalable, low latency and high-throughput comunications within datacenters or high perforrmnce computers. The three typical arch...This paper reviews the recently developed optical interconnect technologies designed for scalable, low latency and high-throughput comunications within datacenters or high perforrmnce computers. The three typical architectures including the broadcast-and-select based Optical Shared Memory Supercomputer Interconnect System （OSMOSIS） switch, the defection routing based Data Vortex switch and the arrayed waveguide grating based Low-latency Interconnect Optical Network Switch （LIONS） switch are discussed in detail. In particular, we investigate the various Ioopback buffering technologies in LIONS and present a proof of principle testbed demonstration showing feasibility of LIONS architecture. Moreover, the performance of LIONS, Data Vortex and OSMOSIS with traditional state-of-the-art electrical switching network based on the Flattened-ButterFly （FBF） architecture in terms of throughput and latency are compared. The sinmlation based perfortmnce study shows that the latency of LIONS is almost independent of the number of input ports and does not saturate even at very high input load.展开更多
In a single-pixel fast imaging setup,the data collected by the single-pixel detector needs to be processed by a computer,but the speed of the latter will affect the image reconstruction time.Here we propose two kinds ...In a single-pixel fast imaging setup,the data collected by the single-pixel detector needs to be processed by a computer,but the speed of the latter will affect the image reconstruction time.Here we propose two kinds of setups which are able to transform non-visible into visible light imaging,wherein their computing process is replaced by a camera integration mode.The image captured by the camera has a low contrast,so here we present an algorithm that can realize a high quality image in near-infrared to visible cross-waveband imaging.The scheme is verified both by simulation and in actual experiments.The setups demonstrate the great potential for single-pixel imaging and high-speed cross-waveband imaging for future practical applications.展开更多
As edge computing services soar,the problem of resource fragmentation situation is greatly worsened in elastic optical networks(EON).Aimed to solve this problem,this article proposes the fragmentation prediction model...As edge computing services soar,the problem of resource fragmentation situation is greatly worsened in elastic optical networks(EON).Aimed to solve this problem,this article proposes the fragmentation prediction model that makes full use of the gate recurrent unit(GRU)algorithm.Based on the fragmentation prediction model,one virtual optical network mapping scheme is presented for edge computing driven EON.With the minimum of fragmentation degree all over the whole EON,the virtual network mapping can be successively conducted.Test results show that the proposed approach can reduce blocking rate,and the supporting ability for virtual optical network services is greatly improved.展开更多
A novel optical analog-to-digital converter based on optical time division multiplexing(OTDM) is described which uses electrooptic sampling and time-demultiplexing together with multiple electronic analog-to-digital c...A novel optical analog-to-digital converter based on optical time division multiplexing(OTDM) is described which uses electrooptic sampling and time-demultiplexing together with multiple electronic analog-to-digital converter(ADC). Compared with the previous scheme, the time-division multiplexer and the time-division demultiplexer are applied in the optical analog-to-digital converter(OADC) at the same time, the design of the OADC is simplified and the performance of the OADC based on time-division demultiplexer is improved. A core optical part of the system is demonstrated with a sample rate of 10 Gs/s. The signals in three channels are demultiplexed from the optical pulses.The result proves our scheme is feasible.展开更多
An all-optical analog-to-digital converter （ADC） based on the nonlinear effect in a silicon waveguide is a promising candidate for overcoming the limitation of electronic devices and is suitable for photonic integra...An all-optical analog-to-digital converter （ADC） based on the nonlinear effect in a silicon waveguide is a promising candidate for overcoming the limitation of electronic devices and is suitable for photonic integration. In this paper, a lumped time-delay compensation scheme with 2-bit quantization resolution is proposed. A strip silicon waveguide is designed and used to compensate for the entire time-delays of the optical pulses after a soliton self-frequency shift （SSFS） module within a wavelength range of 1550 nm-1580 nm. A dispersion coefficient as high as -19800 ps/（km.nm） with ＋0.5 ps/（km.nm） variation is predicted for the strip waveguide. The simulation results show that the maximum supportable sampling rate （MSSR） is 50.45 GSa/s with full width at half maximum （FWHM） variation less than 2.52 ps, along with the 2-bit effective- number-of-bit and Gray code output.展开更多
Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communi...Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects.展开更多
We propose a novel lumped time-delay compensation scheme for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion based on soliton self-frequency shift and optical interconnection techniques. A linearly chirped fiber Bragg gratin...We propose a novel lumped time-delay compensation scheme for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion based on soliton self-frequency shift and optical interconnection techniques. A linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating is optimally designed and used to compensate for the entire time-delays of the quantized pulses precisely. Simulation results show that the compensated coding pulses are well synchronized with a time difference less than 3.3 ps, which can support a maximum sampling rate of 151.52 GSa/s. The proposed scheme can efficiently reduce the structure complexity and cost of all-optical analog-to-digital conversion compared to the previous schemes with multiple optical time-delay lines.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61927802,61722209,and 61805145)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100003118014)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020AAA0130000)the support from the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative TalentShuimu Tsinghua Scholar Programthe support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(16306220)。
文摘The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)facilitates various applications from all areas but also poses great challenges in its hardware implementation in terms of speed and energy because of the explosive growth of data.Optical computing provides a distinctive perspective to address this bottleneck by harnessing the unique properties of photons including broad bandwidth,low latency,and high energy efficiency.In this review,we introduce the latest developments of optical computing for different AI models,including feedforward neural networks,reservoir computing,and spiking neural networks(SNNs).Recent progress in integrated photonic devices,combined with the rise of AI,provides a great opportunity for the renaissance of optical computing in practical applications.This effort requires multidisciplinary efforts from a broad community.This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art accomplishments in recent years,discusses the availability of current technologies,and points out various remaining challenges in different aspects to push the frontier.We anticipate that the era of large-scale integrated photonics processors will soon arrive for practical AI applications in the form of hybrid optoelectronic frameworks.
基金supports from National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171087,62475036).
文摘Photonic hardware implementation of spiking neural networks,regarded as a viable potential paradigm for ultra-high speed and energy efficiency computing,leverages spatiotemporal spike encoding and event-driven dynamics to simulate brain-like parallel information processing.Silicon-based microring resonators(MRRs)offer a power efficiency and ultrahigh flexibility scheme to mimic biological neuron,however,their substantial potential for integrated neuromorphic systems remains limited by insufficient exploration of MRR-based spiking digital and analog computation.Here,an all-optical neural dynamics framework,encompassing both excitatory and inhibitory behaviors based on multi-wavelength auxiliary and competition mechanism in an MRR,is proposed numerically.Leveraging multi-wavelength resonance characteristics and wavelength division multiplexing(WDM)technology,a single MRR implements the five fundamental optical digital logic gates:AND,OR,NOT,XNOR and XOR.Besides,the cascading capabilities of MRR-based spiking neurons are demonstrated through multi-level digital logic gates including NAND,NOR,4-input AND,8-input AND,and a full adder,emphasizing their promise for large-scale digital logic networks.Furthermore,an exemplary binary convolution has been achieved by utilizing the proposed MRR-based digital logic operation,illustrating the potential of all-optical binary convolution to compute image gradient magnitudes for edge detection.Such passive photonic neurons and networks promise access to the high transmission speed and low power consumption inherent to optical systems,thus enabling direct hardware-algorithm co-computation and accelerating artificial intelligence.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.92576208)Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program+1 种基金Beijing Science and Technology Planning ProjectTsinghua University Dushi Program。
文摘Scalability remains a major challenge in building practical fault-tolerant quantum computers.Currently,the largest number of qubits achieved across leading quantum platforms ranges from hundreds to thousands.In atom arrays,scalability is primarily constrained by the capacity to generate large numbers of optical tweezers,and conventional techniques using acousto-optic deflectors or spatial light modulators struggle to produce arrays much beyond∼10,000 tweezers.Moreover,these methods require additional microscope objectives to focus the light into micrometer-sized spots,which further complicates system integration and scalability.Here,we demonstrate the experimental generation of an optical tweezer array containing 280×280 spots using a metasurface,nearly an order of magnitude more than most existing systems.The metasurface leverages a large number of subwavelength phase-control pixels to engineer the wavefront of the incident light,enabling both large-scale tweezer generation and direct focusing into micron-scale spots without the need for a microscope.This result shifts the scalability bottleneck for atom arrays from the tweezer generation hardware to the available laser power.Furthermore,the array shows excellent intensity uniformity exceeding 90%,making it suitable for homogeneous single-atom loading and paving the way for trapping arrays of more than 10,000 atoms in the near future.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Education U40 Program(ZYGXONJSKYCXNLZCXM-E19)National Natural Science Foundation of China(52574078)。
文摘The forward model of optical fiber strain induced by fractures,together with the associated model resolution matrix,is used to demonstrate the interpretability of fracture parameters once the fracture intersects the fiber.A regularized inversion framework for fracture parameters is established to evaluate the influence of measured data quality on the accuracy of iterative regularized inversion.An interpretation approach for both fracture width and height is proposed,and the synthetic forward data with measurement error and field examples are employed to validate the accuracy of the simultaneous inversion of fracture width and height.The results indicate that,after the fracture contacts the fiber,the strain response is strongly sensitive only to the fracture parameters at the intersection location,whereas the interpretability of parameters at other locations remains limited.The iterative regularized inversion method effectively suppresses the impact of measurement error and exhibits high computational efficiency,showing clear advantages for inversion applications.When incorporating the first-order regularization with a Neumann boundary constraint on the tip width,the inverted fracture-width distribution becomes highly sensitive to fracture height;thus,combined with a bisection strategy,simultaneous inversion of fracture width and height can be achieved.Examination using the model resolution matrix,noisy synthetic data,and field data confirms that the iterative regularized inversion model for fracture width and height provides high interpretive accuracy and can be applied to the calculation and analysis of fracture width,fracture height,net pressure and other parameters.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(62022062)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61974177,61674119)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘The explosive growth of data and information has motivated various emerging non-von Neumann computational approaches in the More-than-Moore era.Photonics neuromorphic computing has attracted lots of attention due to the fascinating advantages such as high speed,wide bandwidth,and massive parallelism.Here,we offer a review on the optical neural computing in our research groups at the device and system levels.The photonics neuron and photonics synapse plasticity are presented.In addition,we introduce several optical neural computing architectures and algorithms including photonic spiking neural network,photonic convolutional neural network,photonic matrix computation,photonic reservoir computing,and photonic reinforcement learning.Finally,we summarize the major challenges faced by photonic neuromorphic computing,and propose promising solutions and perspectives.
基金the National Key Research and Development Plan of MOST of China(2019YFB2205100,2016YFA0203800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61874164,61841404,51732003,61674061)Hubei Engineering Research Center on Microelectronics.
文摘Memristors are now becoming a prominent candidate to serve as the building blocks of non-von Neumann inmemory computing architectures.By mapping analog numerical matrices into memristor crossbar arrays,efficient multiply accumulate operations can be performed in a massively parallel fashion using the physics mechanisms of Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s law.In this brief review,we present the recent progress in two niche applications:neural network accelerators and numerical computing units,mainly focusing on the advances in hardware demonstrations.The former one is regarded as soft computing since it can tolerant some degree of the device and array imperfections.The acceleration of multiple layer perceptrons,convolutional neural networks,generative adversarial networks,and long short-term memory neural networks are described.The latter one is hard computing because the solving of numerical problems requires high-precision devices.Several breakthroughs in memristive equation solvers with improved computation accuracies are highlighted.Besides,other nonvolatile devices with the capability of analog computing are also briefly introduced.Finally,we conclude the review with discussions on the challenges and opportunities for future research toward realizing memristive analog computing machines.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174097 and 12304321)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant Nos.2021JJ10008 and 2023JJ40202)the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province(Grant No.22B0871).
文摘Object identification and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques are always attractive research interests in machine vision,virtual reality,augmented reality,and biomedical engineering.Optical computing metasurface,as a two-dimensional artificial design component,has displayed the supernormal character of controlling phase,amplitude,polarization,and frequency distributions of the light beam,capable of performing mathematical operations on the input light field.Here,we propose and demonstrate an all-optical object identification technique based on optical computing metasurface,and apply it to 3D reconstruction.Unlike traditional mechanisms,this scheme reduces memory consumption in the processing of the contour surface extraction.The identification and reconstruction of experimental results from high-contrast and low-contrast objects agree well with the real objects.The exploration of the all-optical object identification and 3D reconstruction techniques provides potential applications of high efficiencies,low consumption,and compact systems.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants No.2021YFA1401500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12022416)+3 种基金the Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(No.GDNRC[2022]22)Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province(No.2021A0505080002)Intelligent Laser Basic Research Laboratory(No.PCL2021A14-B1)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(16306220).
文摘Optical computing and optical neural network have gained increasing attention in recent years because of their potential advantages of parallel processing at the speed of light and low power consumption by comparison with electronic computing.The optical implementation of the fundamental building blocks of a digital computer,i.e.logic gates,has been investigated extensively in the past few decades.Optical logic gate computing is an alternative approach to various analogue optical computing architectures.In this paper,the latest development of optical logic gate computing with different kinds of implementations is reviewed.Firstly,the basic concepts of analogue and digital computing with logic gates in the electronic and optical domains are introduced.And then a comprehensive summary of various optical logic gate schemes including spatial encoding of light field,semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA),highly nonlinear fiber(HNLF),microscale and nanoscale waveguides,and photonic crystal structures is presented.To conclude,the formidable challenges in developing practical all-optical logic gates are analyzed and the prospects of the future are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12034016,61975169,and 11904303)the Youth Innovation Fund of Xiamen(Grant No.3502Z20206045)+2 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities at Xiamen University(Grant Nos.20720200074 and 20720220030)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(Grant No.2021J02002)and for Distinguished Young Scientists(Grant No.2015J06002)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China(Grant No.NCET-13-0495).
文摘Orbital angular momentum(OAM),emerging as an inherently high-dimensional property of photons,has boosted information capacity in optical communications.However,the potential of OAM in optical computing remains almost unexplored.Here,we present a highly efficient optical computing protocol for complex vector convolution with the superposition of high-dimensional OAM eigenmodes.We used two cascaded spatial light modulators to prepare suitable OAM superpositions to encode two complex vectors.Then,a deep-learning strategy is devised to decode the complex OAM spectrum,thus accomplishing the optical convolution task.In our experiment,we succeed in demonstrating 7-,9-,and 11-dimensional complex vector convolutions,in which an average proximity better than 95%and a mean relative error<6%are achieved.Our present scheme can be extended to incorporate other degrees of freedom for a more versatile optical computing in the high-dimensional Hilbert space.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications(NY212008,NY213116)the National Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20131383)
文摘An efficient wavelet-based finite-difference time-domain(FDTD)method is implemented for analyzing nanoscale optical devices,especially optical resonator.Because of its highly linear numerical dispersion properties the high-spatial-order FDTD achieves significant reduction in the number of cells,i.e.used memory,while analyzing a high-index dielectric ring resonator working as an add/drop multiplexer.The main novelty is that the wavelet-based FDTD model is extended in a parallel computation environment to solve physical problems with large dimensions.To demonstrate the efficiency of the parallelized FDTD model,a mirrored cavity is analyzed.The analysis shows that the proposed model reduces computation time and memory cost,and the parallel computation result matches the theoretical model.
基金supported by National ScienceFoundation Programs(60536020,60723002)"973"State Key Basic Research Programs(2006CB302800,2006CB921106)
文摘An electro-absorption(EA)modulator is one of key components for optical fiber communications due to the high speed,small size,low voltage and integration ability with other semiconductor devices.A 40 Gb/s InGaAsP/InP multiplequantum-well(MQW)EA modulator monolithically integrated with a semiconductor optical amplifier(SOA)was fabricated for digital communications.The modulator capacitance was reduced to obtain 40 GHz bandwidth,and the SOA section helped reduce the insertion loss from 18 dB to 3 dB.InGaAlAs/InP MQW EA modulators have also been fabricated and characterized for analog optical fiber communications.A low driving voltage of 2.7 V and high spurious free dynamic range of 107 dB·Hz2/3 were estimated by static and dynamic measurements.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62075168)Guang Dong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2020A1515011088)Special Project in Key Fields of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education of China(Grant No.2020ZDZX3052 and 2019KZDZX1025)。
文摘We utilize three parallel reservoir computers using semiconductor lasers with optical feedback and light injection to model radar probe signals with delays.Three radar probe signals are generated by driving lasers constructed by a threeelement laser array with self-feedback.The response lasers are implemented also by a three-element lase array with both delay-time feedback and optical injection,which are utilized as nonlinear nodes to realize the reservoirs.We show that each delayed radar probe signal can be predicted well and to synchronize with its corresponding trained reservoir,even when parameter mismatches exist between the response laser array and the driving laser array.Based on this,the three synchronous probe signals are utilized for ranging to three targets,respectively,using Hilbert transform.It is demonstrated that the relative errors for ranging can be very small and less than 0.6%.Our findings show that optical reservoir computing provides an effective way for applications of target ranging.
基金the Department of Defense under Contract No.#H88230-08-C-0202the Google Research Awards
文摘This paper reviews the recently developed optical interconnect technologies designed for scalable, low latency and high-throughput comunications within datacenters or high perforrmnce computers. The three typical architectures including the broadcast-and-select based Optical Shared Memory Supercomputer Interconnect System （OSMOSIS） switch, the defection routing based Data Vortex switch and the arrayed waveguide grating based Low-latency Interconnect Optical Network Switch （LIONS） switch are discussed in detail. In particular, we investigate the various Ioopback buffering technologies in LIONS and present a proof of principle testbed demonstration showing feasibility of LIONS architecture. Moreover, the performance of LIONS, Data Vortex and OSMOSIS with traditional state-of-the-art electrical switching network based on the Flattened-ButterFly （FBF） architecture in terms of throughput and latency are compared. The sinmlation based perfortmnce study shows that the latency of LIONS is almost independent of the number of input ports and does not saturate even at very high input load.
文摘In a single-pixel fast imaging setup,the data collected by the single-pixel detector needs to be processed by a computer,but the speed of the latter will affect the image reconstruction time.Here we propose two kinds of setups which are able to transform non-visible into visible light imaging,wherein their computing process is replaced by a camera integration mode.The image captured by the camera has a low contrast,so here we present an algorithm that can realize a high quality image in near-infrared to visible cross-waveband imaging.The scheme is verified both by simulation and in actual experiments.The setups demonstrate the great potential for single-pixel imaging and high-speed cross-waveband imaging for future practical applications.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB2401204)。
文摘As edge computing services soar,the problem of resource fragmentation situation is greatly worsened in elastic optical networks(EON).Aimed to solve this problem,this article proposes the fragmentation prediction model that makes full use of the gate recurrent unit(GRU)algorithm.Based on the fragmentation prediction model,one virtual optical network mapping scheme is presented for edge computing driven EON.With the minimum of fragmentation degree all over the whole EON,the virtual network mapping can be successively conducted.Test results show that the proposed approach can reduce blocking rate,and the supporting ability for virtual optical network services is greatly improved.
文摘A novel optical analog-to-digital converter based on optical time division multiplexing(OTDM) is described which uses electrooptic sampling and time-demultiplexing together with multiple electronic analog-to-digital converter(ADC). Compared with the previous scheme, the time-division multiplexer and the time-division demultiplexer are applied in the optical analog-to-digital converter(OADC) at the same time, the design of the OADC is simplified and the performance of the OADC based on time-division demultiplexer is improved. A core optical part of the system is demonstrated with a sample rate of 10 Gs/s. The signals in three channels are demultiplexed from the optical pulses.The result proves our scheme is feasible.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.FRF-TP-15-030A1)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2015M580978)
文摘An all-optical analog-to-digital converter （ADC） based on the nonlinear effect in a silicon waveguide is a promising candidate for overcoming the limitation of electronic devices and is suitable for photonic integration. In this paper, a lumped time-delay compensation scheme with 2-bit quantization resolution is proposed. A strip silicon waveguide is designed and used to compensate for the entire time-delays of the optical pulses after a soliton self-frequency shift （SSFS） module within a wavelength range of 1550 nm-1580 nm. A dispersion coefficient as high as -19800 ps/（km.nm） with ＋0.5 ps/（km.nm） variation is predicted for the strip waveguide. The simulation results show that the maximum supportable sampling rate （MSSR） is 50.45 GSa/s with full width at half maximum （FWHM） variation less than 2.52 ps, along with the 2-bit effective- number-of-bit and Gray code output.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62405250 and 62471404)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M762955)+1 种基金the Key Project of Westlake Institute for Optoelectronics(Grant No.2023GD003)the Optical Com-munication and Sensing Laboratory,School of Engineering,Westlake University.
文摘Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program,China(Grant Nos.2010CB327605 and 2010CB328300)the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2013AA031501)+7 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61307109)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20120005120021)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant No.2013RC1202)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University,China(Grant No.NECT-11-0596)the Beijing Nova Program,China(Grant No.2011066)the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications(Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications) Chinathe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2012M511826)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(Grant No.244331)
文摘We propose a novel lumped time-delay compensation scheme for all-optical analog-to-digital conversion based on soliton self-frequency shift and optical interconnection techniques. A linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating is optimally designed and used to compensate for the entire time-delays of the quantized pulses precisely. Simulation results show that the compensated coding pulses are well synchronized with a time difference less than 3.3 ps, which can support a maximum sampling rate of 151.52 GSa/s. The proposed scheme can efficiently reduce the structure complexity and cost of all-optical analog-to-digital conversion compared to the previous schemes with multiple optical time-delay lines.
