On June 5,2025,with the theme“Co-drive Sustainable Journey,Cocreate for Shared Success”,BASF participates in the 2025 Shanghai International Carbon Neutrality Expo in Technologies,Products and Achievements(CNE).Thro...On June 5,2025,with the theme“Co-drive Sustainable Journey,Cocreate for Shared Success”,BASF participates in the 2025 Shanghai International Carbon Neutrality Expo in Technologies,Products and Achievements(CNE).Through three sections titled“renewable energy”,“alternative raw materials”,and“new technologies”,BASF presents its latest progress towards its goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050,along with its innovative low-carbon technologies and co-creations with its partners.展开更多
The plasmonic property of heavily doped p-type silicon is studied here.Although most of the plasmonic devices use metal-insulator-metal(MIM)waveguide in order to support the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons(S...The plasmonic property of heavily doped p-type silicon is studied here.Although most of the plasmonic devices use metal-insulator-metal(MIM)waveguide in order to support the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs),metals that possess a number of challenges in loss management,polarization response,nanofabrication etc.On the other hand,heavily doped p-type silicon shows similar plasmonic properties like metals and also enables us to overcome the challenges possessed by metals.For numerical simulation,heavily doped p-silicon is mathematically modeled and the theoretically obtained relative permittivity is compared with the experimental value.A waveguide is formed with the p-silicon-air interface instead of the metal-air interface.Formation and propagation of SPPs similar to MIM waveguides are observed.展开更多
As defined by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), alternative supplementary cementitious materials (ASCMs) and local materials are very important in concrete sustainability. As an ASCM, glass powder (GP) shows exce...As defined by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), alternative supplementary cementitious materials (ASCMs) and local materials are very important in concrete sustainability. As an ASCM, glass powder (GP) shows excellent pozzolanic properties. This paper focuses on characterization and the effect of GP on concrete properties compared to those of Class F fly ash (FFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Concrete incorporating 0, 20 and 30% of GP and other concrete mixes containing 30% of FFA or GGBS were cast. The concrete mixes considered in this study have water to binder (w/b) mass ratio ranging from 0.35 to 0.65. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength and durability including chloride ions permeability and chloride ions diffusion are evaluated. The results show that GP develops effects on mechanical properties similar to those of FFA and performs better than GGBS and FFA in terms of permeability reduction. GP reduces dramatically chloride permeability of concrete regardless w/b ratio, favoring an improvement of the concrete durability. Because of the interesting permeability developed by concretes incorporating GP, its use as an ASCM is promising.展开更多
The use of non-renewable resources by the construction industry has several environmental consequences, contributing to excessive energy consumption and loss of materials. So, the construction sector is always in sear...The use of non-renewable resources by the construction industry has several environmental consequences, contributing to excessive energy consumption and loss of materials. So, the construction sector is always in search of improvement and methods that innovate the existing techniques, aiming at the use of alternative and sustainable materials. Bamboo is a perennial plant with fast growth rate and low cost that has great physical and mechanical characteristics that assure its performance in the building environment. The use of beams with total or partial replacement of steel by bamboo has been well studied, due to the possibility of using the same design methods used in reinforced concrete beams, since the bamboo-reinforced beams meet the Bernoulli-Kirchoff bending theory. The objective of the work was to adapt a design procedure into an electronic spreadsheet for bamboo reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point bending, with rectangular section, according to Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 (2014). The spreadsheet was tested based on other authors taking into consideration a steel double reinforcement. The resulting values were equivalents to those obtained by the authors, validating the efficiency of the worksheet. This methodology aims to optimize the design process of beams and enable the substitution of steel by bamboo, highlighting the validation, from the structural point of view, obtained by the authors.展开更多
Over the last decade,the oriented strand board(OSB)market presented meaningful growth.However,as a woodbased product,because of its anatomical structure and chemical composition,OSB can be damaged by biodeterioration ...Over the last decade,the oriented strand board(OSB)market presented meaningful growth.However,as a woodbased product,because of its anatomical structure and chemical composition,OSB can be damaged by biodeterioration agents.Given that,the biodeterioration of OSB panels must be investigated to improve its durability.In this way,this work analyses the biological resistance against termites(Cryptotermes brevis and Nasutitermes corniger)of heat-treated OSB panels made with Eucalyptus wood glued with vegetable-based polyurethane-an ecofriendly and sustainable adhesive derived from castor oil.Various panels were produced with different layers compositions(face:core:face of 25:50:25 and 30:40:30)in wood mass proportion and were submitted to postproduction heat treatment(at 175℃ and 200℃)replacing the use of chemical insecticides.The influence of the layers variation and heat treatment temperature were evaluated,and these results were compared with commercial panels(made from pinus wood with insecticide).The results showed that the heat treatment did not improve the resistance against termite attack.However,all the experimental panels presented a satisfactory performance that was compatible with the commercial panels produced with insecticide available in the Brazilian market.The combination of Eucalyptus wood and castor oil adhesive to produce OSB,in any variation of layer composition,demonstrated natural resistance against termite attack compatible with the commercial panels,even without using chemical additives to increase durability.展开更多
The modern demand for an alternative material maintaining excellent catalytic activities with better stability and low toxicity for application in the field of energy remains a hotspot for the scientific community.In ...The modern demand for an alternative material maintaining excellent catalytic activities with better stability and low toxicity for application in the field of energy remains a hotspot for the scientific community.In the current work,we report a simple conjugation of BiOX with manganese because of their excellent electrical and optical properties.展开更多
Phar.Eur.Herbal Drug(HD)monographs state which aspects have to be considered for quality assurance through the relevant chapters'Definition'.'Characters','Identification','Tests',and...Phar.Eur.Herbal Drug(HD)monographs state which aspects have to be considered for quality assurance through the relevant chapters'Definition'.'Characters','Identification','Tests',and'Assay'.Identification of botanical material is achieved by macroscopic and microscopic morphology,generally examined by a trained expert.Content or assay is the most difficult area of展开更多
Geopolymer concrete is acknowledged as a sustainable alternative to conventional Portland cement concrete owing to its ability to reduce carbon emissions and reutilize industrial by-products.This paper reviews the app...Geopolymer concrete is acknowledged as a sustainable alternative to conventional Portland cement concrete owing to its ability to reduce carbon emissions and reutilize industrial by-products.This paper reviews the application of Artificial Intelligence-based Life Cycle Analysis(LCA)techniques in the sustainability assessment of geopolymer concrete.The assessment covers the entire life cycle of geopolymer concrete,spanning from the extraction of raw materials to its ultimate disposal,with a particular focus on its environmental,economic,and social impacts.The incorporation of AI techniques into the LCA process offers notable advantages,such as the efficient management of large datasets,enhancement of data quality,prediction of environmental impacts,and facilitation of informed decision-making.Key sustainability metrics to be considered include environmental impacts such as carbon footprint and energy consumption,economic factors like cost-effectiveness,as well as social implications.The amalgamation of AI within the LCA framework provides a comprehensive and efficient approach to evaluating the sustainability of geopolymer concrete,thereby facilitating its application in sustainable construction practices.展开更多
Perovskite oxide shows great promise as an alternative fuel electrode material in solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOEC)for the specific CO_(2)electrochemical reduction,because of its excellent coking resistance.However...Perovskite oxide shows great promise as an alternative fuel electrode material in solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOEC)for the specific CO_(2)electrochemical reduction,because of its excellent coking resistance.However,use of perovskite oxide is limited by its poor catalytic activity in CO_(2)reduction.In this study,we investigated the use of various metal additives(Co,Fe,Ni,and Ru)on a La(Sr)Fe(Mn)O_(3)(LSFM)fuel electrode for CO_(2)reduction in a commercial infiltration process.Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)results,we determined the catalytic activity and reaction kinetics of CO_(2)reduction for metal catalysts.In addition,the distribution of relaxation times analysis was conducted to investigate the adsorption and dissociation processes of CO_(2)molecules for each catalyst.Consequently,when the Fe catalyst was applied in a LSFM fuel electrode for La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_(3)(LSGM)electrolyte-supported cells,an electrolysis performance of 2.201 A cm^(−2)at 1.5 V in CO_(2)electrolysis was obtained at 1123 K.展开更多
Energy savings in air-conditioning systems are important for achieving energy efficient buildings.A central air-conditioning system in the large building is installed with air ductwork.Alternative materials are replac...Energy savings in air-conditioning systems are important for achieving energy efficient buildings.A central air-conditioning system in the large building is installed with air ductwork.Alternative materials are replacing con-ventional(Galvanized Iron Steel)air ducts for supplying air to the air-conditioned area.This research studies the objective function relationship between exergy and economic variables in the alternative air ductwork compared with conventional air ductwork.The optimization method to identify the optimal type and thickness of air ducts in Thailand’s buildings.The result shows that the alternative ductwork has achieved maximum worthiness with more useful exergy than conventional air ductwork.The Pre-insulated duct(PID)with 30.00 mm wall thickness is 82.14%.It is the maximum of all exergies generated by the Air Handling Unit.展开更多
The continuously increasing production of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash （MSWIBA） has promoted its utilization as construction material and raised environmental concern. The physico-chemical propertie...The continuously increasing production of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash （MSWIBA） has promoted its utilization as construction material and raised environmental concern. The physico-chemical properties and leaching behavior of MSWIBA were studied, and ecotoxicological testing using a luminescent bacterium bioassay was performed to assess the ecological pollution risks associated with its leached constituents. The MSWIBA was leached by two types of leachants, H2SO4/HNO3 and HAc solution, at different liquid to solid ratios and contact times. The concentrations of heavy metals and anions in the leachates were analyzed. Multi- variate statistical analyses, including principle component analysis, Pearson＇s correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, were used to evaluate the contributions of the constituents to the toxicity （ECso） of the MSWIBA leachate. The statistical analyses of the ecotoxicological results showed that the Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, F and total organic carbon （TOC） concentrations were closely correlated with the ECso value, and these substances were the main contributors to the ecotoxicity of the MSWIBA leachate. In addition, the cluster of these variables indicated similar leaching behaviors. Overall, the research demonstrated that the ecotoxicological risks resulting from MSWIBA leaching could be assessed before its utilization, which provides crucial information for the adaptation of MSWIBA as alternative materials.展开更多
文摘On June 5,2025,with the theme“Co-drive Sustainable Journey,Cocreate for Shared Success”,BASF participates in the 2025 Shanghai International Carbon Neutrality Expo in Technologies,Products and Achievements(CNE).Through three sections titled“renewable energy”,“alternative raw materials”,and“new technologies”,BASF presents its latest progress towards its goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050,along with its innovative low-carbon technologies and co-creations with its partners.
文摘The plasmonic property of heavily doped p-type silicon is studied here.Although most of the plasmonic devices use metal-insulator-metal(MIM)waveguide in order to support the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs),metals that possess a number of challenges in loss management,polarization response,nanofabrication etc.On the other hand,heavily doped p-type silicon shows similar plasmonic properties like metals and also enables us to overcome the challenges possessed by metals.For numerical simulation,heavily doped p-silicon is mathematically modeled and the theoretically obtained relative permittivity is compared with the experimental value.A waveguide is formed with the p-silicon-air interface instead of the metal-air interface.Formation and propagation of SPPs similar to MIM waveguides are observed.
基金the SAQ for its valuable financial support for this project.
文摘As defined by the American Concrete Institute (ACI), alternative supplementary cementitious materials (ASCMs) and local materials are very important in concrete sustainability. As an ASCM, glass powder (GP) shows excellent pozzolanic properties. This paper focuses on characterization and the effect of GP on concrete properties compared to those of Class F fly ash (FFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Concrete incorporating 0, 20 and 30% of GP and other concrete mixes containing 30% of FFA or GGBS were cast. The concrete mixes considered in this study have water to binder (w/b) mass ratio ranging from 0.35 to 0.65. The mechanical properties such as compressive strength and durability including chloride ions permeability and chloride ions diffusion are evaluated. The results show that GP develops effects on mechanical properties similar to those of FFA and performs better than GGBS and FFA in terms of permeability reduction. GP reduces dramatically chloride permeability of concrete regardless w/b ratio, favoring an improvement of the concrete durability. Because of the interesting permeability developed by concretes incorporating GP, its use as an ASCM is promising.
文摘The use of non-renewable resources by the construction industry has several environmental consequences, contributing to excessive energy consumption and loss of materials. So, the construction sector is always in search of improvement and methods that innovate the existing techniques, aiming at the use of alternative and sustainable materials. Bamboo is a perennial plant with fast growth rate and low cost that has great physical and mechanical characteristics that assure its performance in the building environment. The use of beams with total or partial replacement of steel by bamboo has been well studied, due to the possibility of using the same design methods used in reinforced concrete beams, since the bamboo-reinforced beams meet the Bernoulli-Kirchoff bending theory. The objective of the work was to adapt a design procedure into an electronic spreadsheet for bamboo reinforced concrete beams subjected to four-point bending, with rectangular section, according to Brazilian Standard NBR 6118 (2014). The spreadsheet was tested based on other authors taking into consideration a steel double reinforcement. The resulting values were equivalents to those obtained by the authors, validating the efficiency of the worksheet. This methodology aims to optimize the design process of beams and enable the substitution of steel by bamboo, highlighting the validation, from the structural point of view, obtained by the authors.
基金financed by Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel,Brazil(CAPES,https://www.gov.br/capes/pt-br)(accessed on 22 September 2024)Finance Code 001(ESS,FDM)+1 种基金Sao Paulo State Research Support Foundation(FAPESP,https://fapesp.br/)(accessed on 22 September 2024)(CIC,grant number 2015/04660-0)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq,https://www.gov.br/cnpq/pt-br)(accessed on 22 September 2024)(grant numbers 308937/2021-0(CIC),306576/2020-1(ECB),and 303099/2022-4(JBP)).
文摘Over the last decade,the oriented strand board(OSB)market presented meaningful growth.However,as a woodbased product,because of its anatomical structure and chemical composition,OSB can be damaged by biodeterioration agents.Given that,the biodeterioration of OSB panels must be investigated to improve its durability.In this way,this work analyses the biological resistance against termites(Cryptotermes brevis and Nasutitermes corniger)of heat-treated OSB panels made with Eucalyptus wood glued with vegetable-based polyurethane-an ecofriendly and sustainable adhesive derived from castor oil.Various panels were produced with different layers compositions(face:core:face of 25:50:25 and 30:40:30)in wood mass proportion and were submitted to postproduction heat treatment(at 175℃ and 200℃)replacing the use of chemical insecticides.The influence of the layers variation and heat treatment temperature were evaluated,and these results were compared with commercial panels(made from pinus wood with insecticide).The results showed that the heat treatment did not improve the resistance against termite attack.However,all the experimental panels presented a satisfactory performance that was compatible with the commercial panels produced with insecticide available in the Brazilian market.The combination of Eucalyptus wood and castor oil adhesive to produce OSB,in any variation of layer composition,demonstrated natural resistance against termite attack compatible with the commercial panels,even without using chemical additives to increase durability.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant which was funded by the Korea Government(MSIP)(No.2020R1G1A1102394).
文摘The modern demand for an alternative material maintaining excellent catalytic activities with better stability and low toxicity for application in the field of energy remains a hotspot for the scientific community.In the current work,we report a simple conjugation of BiOX with manganese because of their excellent electrical and optical properties.
文摘Phar.Eur.Herbal Drug(HD)monographs state which aspects have to be considered for quality assurance through the relevant chapters'Definition'.'Characters','Identification','Tests',and'Assay'.Identification of botanical material is achieved by macroscopic and microscopic morphology,generally examined by a trained expert.Content or assay is the most difficult area of
文摘Geopolymer concrete is acknowledged as a sustainable alternative to conventional Portland cement concrete owing to its ability to reduce carbon emissions and reutilize industrial by-products.This paper reviews the application of Artificial Intelligence-based Life Cycle Analysis(LCA)techniques in the sustainability assessment of geopolymer concrete.The assessment covers the entire life cycle of geopolymer concrete,spanning from the extraction of raw materials to its ultimate disposal,with a particular focus on its environmental,economic,and social impacts.The incorporation of AI techniques into the LCA process offers notable advantages,such as the efficient management of large datasets,enhancement of data quality,prediction of environmental impacts,and facilitation of informed decision-making.Key sustainability metrics to be considered include environmental impacts such as carbon footprint and energy consumption,economic factors like cost-effectiveness,as well as social implications.The amalgamation of AI within the LCA framework provides a comprehensive and efficient approach to evaluating the sustainability of geopolymer concrete,thereby facilitating its application in sustainable construction practices.
基金supported by the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and the ICT(Grant No.2021M3H4A3A02086499 and 2022M3H4A1A04076616).
文摘Perovskite oxide shows great promise as an alternative fuel electrode material in solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOEC)for the specific CO_(2)electrochemical reduction,because of its excellent coking resistance.However,use of perovskite oxide is limited by its poor catalytic activity in CO_(2)reduction.In this study,we investigated the use of various metal additives(Co,Fe,Ni,and Ru)on a La(Sr)Fe(Mn)O_(3)(LSFM)fuel electrode for CO_(2)reduction in a commercial infiltration process.Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)results,we determined the catalytic activity and reaction kinetics of CO_(2)reduction for metal catalysts.In addition,the distribution of relaxation times analysis was conducted to investigate the adsorption and dissociation processes of CO_(2)molecules for each catalyst.Consequently,when the Fe catalyst was applied in a LSFM fuel electrode for La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)Ga_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O_(3)(LSGM)electrolyte-supported cells,an electrolysis performance of 2.201 A cm^(−2)at 1.5 V in CO_(2)electrolysis was obtained at 1123 K.
基金funded by Faculty of Engineering at Kamphaeng Saen Kasetsart University,in the year 2021.
文摘Energy savings in air-conditioning systems are important for achieving energy efficient buildings.A central air-conditioning system in the large building is installed with air ductwork.Alternative materials are replacing con-ventional(Galvanized Iron Steel)air ducts for supplying air to the air-conditioned area.This research studies the objective function relationship between exergy and economic variables in the alternative air ductwork compared with conventional air ductwork.The optimization method to identify the optimal type and thickness of air ducts in Thailand’s buildings.The result shows that the alternative ductwork has achieved maximum worthiness with more useful exergy than conventional air ductwork.The Pre-insulated duct(PID)with 30.00 mm wall thickness is 82.14%.It is the maximum of all exergies generated by the Air Handling Unit.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2011CB201500）, the National Social Science Fund of China （No. 12＆ZD236）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 21277096）, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environ- mental Quality.
文摘The continuously increasing production of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash （MSWIBA） has promoted its utilization as construction material and raised environmental concern. The physico-chemical properties and leaching behavior of MSWIBA were studied, and ecotoxicological testing using a luminescent bacterium bioassay was performed to assess the ecological pollution risks associated with its leached constituents. The MSWIBA was leached by two types of leachants, H2SO4/HNO3 and HAc solution, at different liquid to solid ratios and contact times. The concentrations of heavy metals and anions in the leachates were analyzed. Multi- variate statistical analyses, including principle component analysis, Pearson＇s correlation analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis, were used to evaluate the contributions of the constituents to the toxicity （ECso） of the MSWIBA leachate. The statistical analyses of the ecotoxicological results showed that the Ba, Cr, Cu, Pb, F and total organic carbon （TOC） concentrations were closely correlated with the ECso value, and these substances were the main contributors to the ecotoxicity of the MSWIBA leachate. In addition, the cluster of these variables indicated similar leaching behaviors. Overall, the research demonstrated that the ecotoxicological risks resulting from MSWIBA leaching could be assessed before its utilization, which provides crucial information for the adaptation of MSWIBA as alternative materials.
