As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-int...As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-interaction benefits and clear business models.Consequently,assessing the value of grid-alternative energy storage in the systemtransition has become critically important.Considering the performance characteristics of storage,we propose a value assessment frame-work for grid-alternative energy storage,quantifying its non-wires-alternative effects from both cost and benefit perspectives.Building on this,we developed a collaborative planning model for energy storage and transmission grids,aimed at maximizing the economic benefits of storage systems while balancing investment and operational costs.The model considers regional grid interconnections and their interactions with system operation.By participating in system operations,grid-alternative energy storage not only maximizes its own economic benefits but also generates social welfare transfer effects.Furthermore,based on multi-regional interconnected planning,grid-alternative energy storage can reduce system costs by approximately 35%,with the most significant changes observed in generation costs.Multi-regional coordinated planning significantly enhances the sys-tem’s flexibility in regulation.However,when the load factor of interconnection lines between regions remains constant,system operational flexibility tends to decrease,leading to a roughly 28.9%increase in storage investment.Additionally,under regional coordinated planning,the greater the disparity in wind power integration across interconnected regions,the more noticeable the reduction in system costs.展开更多
Four thiophene derivatives were prepared by replacing the 3,4 positions of thiophene by―OCH3, ―CH3―COOCH3 and ―CN, respectively. The polycondensations via direct arylation took place between the four thiophene der...Four thiophene derivatives were prepared by replacing the 3,4 positions of thiophene by―OCH3, ―CH3―COOCH3 and ―CN, respectively. The polycondensations via direct arylation took place between the four thiophene derivatives and 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dioctylfluorene under six various catalytic conditions to investigate the substituent effects. The substituent can affect the electron cloud density of the active C―H bond, which can be monitored by the NMR chemical shift. The experimental results show that the reactivity decreases with increasing the chemical shift of active C―H bonds in the four thiophene derivatives, and thus can promote the direct arylation polycondensation. This phenomenon is explained by the electrophilic aromatic substitution（SEAr） mechanism. UV-Visible absorption and photoluminescence were studied to investigate the substituent effect on optical properties of the four copolymers. The results show that these alternating fluorene-thiophene copolymers with different substituents are good fluorescent materials and promising in PLED applications.展开更多
The scientific literature presents a modest amount ot evidence m the use or complementary ana al[erna- tire medicine （CAM）. On the other hand, in practice, relevant results are common. The debates among CAM practiti...The scientific literature presents a modest amount ot evidence m the use or complementary ana al[erna- tire medicine （CAM）. On the other hand, in practice, relevant results are common. The debates among CAM practitioners about the quality and execution of scientific research are important, Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, synthesize and describe the differentiated methodological models that encompass the complexity of therapeutic interventions. The process of bringing evidence-based medicine into clinical practice in CAM is essential for the growth and strengthening of complementary medicines worldwide.展开更多
Compared with the conventionally used i=iosinωt alternating current, using asymmetric triangular and pulse wave as input signals can greatly enhance the incision's sensitivity of 'dE/dt-E'oscillogram.
Abstract The placebo effect is a very powerful and unpredictable aspect of any medical treatment. Assuch, it dramatically complicates efforts at convincingly demonstrating the effectiveness of specitic effects inmedic...Abstract The placebo effect is a very powerful and unpredictable aspect of any medical treatment. Assuch, it dramatically complicates efforts at convincingly demonstrating the effectiveness of specitic effects inmedicine, conventional or alternative. This review provides a tlieoretical overview of tlie placebo effect toassist researchers in designing trials, controlled or otliereise, so that more convincing demoiistrations of spe-cific effects can be achieved.展开更多
In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the inc...In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the increment principle and the incremental analysis method is the principle and method that we should follow and adopt in schematizing the economic policy-making.展开更多
基金funded by the Technology Project of State Grid Jibei Electric Power Supply Co.,Ltd.(Grant Number:52018F240001).
文摘As the development of new power systems accelerates and the impacts of high renewable energy integration and extreme weather intensify,grid-alternative energy storage is garnering increasing attention for its grid-interaction benefits and clear business models.Consequently,assessing the value of grid-alternative energy storage in the systemtransition has become critically important.Considering the performance characteristics of storage,we propose a value assessment frame-work for grid-alternative energy storage,quantifying its non-wires-alternative effects from both cost and benefit perspectives.Building on this,we developed a collaborative planning model for energy storage and transmission grids,aimed at maximizing the economic benefits of storage systems while balancing investment and operational costs.The model considers regional grid interconnections and their interactions with system operation.By participating in system operations,grid-alternative energy storage not only maximizes its own economic benefits but also generates social welfare transfer effects.Furthermore,based on multi-regional interconnected planning,grid-alternative energy storage can reduce system costs by approximately 35%,with the most significant changes observed in generation costs.Multi-regional coordinated planning significantly enhances the sys-tem’s flexibility in regulation.However,when the load factor of interconnection lines between regions remains constant,system operational flexibility tends to decrease,leading to a roughly 28.9%increase in storage investment.Additionally,under regional coordinated planning,the greater the disparity in wind power integration across interconnected regions,the more noticeable the reduction in system costs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60976019 and 61250016)Education Department Program(No.JA12069)and Program for Innovative Research Team in Science and Technology in Fujian Province
文摘Four thiophene derivatives were prepared by replacing the 3,4 positions of thiophene by―OCH3, ―CH3―COOCH3 and ―CN, respectively. The polycondensations via direct arylation took place between the four thiophene derivatives and 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dioctylfluorene under six various catalytic conditions to investigate the substituent effects. The substituent can affect the electron cloud density of the active C―H bond, which can be monitored by the NMR chemical shift. The experimental results show that the reactivity decreases with increasing the chemical shift of active C―H bonds in the four thiophene derivatives, and thus can promote the direct arylation polycondensation. This phenomenon is explained by the electrophilic aromatic substitution（SEAr） mechanism. UV-Visible absorption and photoluminescence were studied to investigate the substituent effect on optical properties of the four copolymers. The results show that these alternating fluorene-thiophene copolymers with different substituents are good fluorescent materials and promising in PLED applications.
文摘The scientific literature presents a modest amount ot evidence m the use or complementary ana al[erna- tire medicine （CAM）. On the other hand, in practice, relevant results are common. The debates among CAM practitioners about the quality and execution of scientific research are important, Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather, synthesize and describe the differentiated methodological models that encompass the complexity of therapeutic interventions. The process of bringing evidence-based medicine into clinical practice in CAM is essential for the growth and strengthening of complementary medicines worldwide.
文摘Compared with the conventionally used i=iosinωt alternating current, using asymmetric triangular and pulse wave as input signals can greatly enhance the incision's sensitivity of 'dE/dt-E'oscillogram.
文摘Abstract The placebo effect is a very powerful and unpredictable aspect of any medical treatment. Assuch, it dramatically complicates efforts at convincingly demonstrating the effectiveness of specitic effects inmedicine, conventional or alternative. This review provides a tlieoretical overview of tlie placebo effect toassist researchers in designing trials, controlled or otliereise, so that more convincing demoiistrations of spe-cific effects can be achieved.
文摘In view of the problems in the selection of alternatives which are mutually exclusive and the criticism against the increment principle, this article reveals the cause of the mistake and demonstrates that only the increment principle and the incremental analysis method is the principle and method that we should follow and adopt in schematizing the economic policy-making.
