This article investigates the effects of nitric oxide （NO） on alcoholic fermentation and the qualities of Chinese Winter Jujube during storage, and explores the action mechanisms of browning and softening of fruits ...This article investigates the effects of nitric oxide （NO） on alcoholic fermentation and the qualities of Chinese Winter Jujube during storage, and explores the action mechanisms of browning and softening of fruits to provide theoretical proofs for using NO in the storage of Chinese Winter Jujube. Chinese Winter Jujube fruits were fumigated with different concentrations of NO gas （0, 10, 20, 30 μL L^-1） under anaerobic conditions and stored at 22±1℃ and 4± 1℃. The changes in appearance qualities, the contents of pyruvate, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） were investigated. The contents of pyruvate, ethanol, and acetaldehyde were significantly reduced, and the peak of pyruvate content was delayed by 20 μL L^-1 NO. The activities of ADH and LDH in 20 μL L^-1 NO treated fruits were also significantly inhibited. However, the alcoholic fermentation and softening of Chinese Winter Jujube fruits were promoted by 30 μL L^-1 NO during storage. The results indicated that 20 μL L^-1 NO could mitigate the injury of ethanol on Chinese Winter Jujube and effectively delay the browning and softening of fruits during storage.展开更多
The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and s...The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the low-alcoholic health drink produced from corncob in a yeast-cellulase synchronous fermentation process. The fermentation was performed by inoculating the seed solution (containing corncob powder and yeast) and cellulase into the synchronous saccharification fermentation medium. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were performed, and the optimal processing conditions were obtained based on the characterizations of alcohol content and sensory evaluation. The results show that the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the drink can reach 6.1 vol.% and 92, respectively, when the dosage of cellulase, inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time are 15 U/g, 7%, 32℃ and 84 h, respectively.展开更多
The effects of application of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid and mulching of film on overwintering and next year's growth and yield of banana were investigated in this study.The results showed that ...The effects of application of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid and mulching of film on overwintering and next year's growth and yield of banana were investigated in this study.The results showed that the application of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid with COD concentration of 1 200-2 000 mg/L(900 m^3/hm^2) and mulching of film significantly increased the soil organic matter and available potassium contents in banana orchard,improved the cold resistance of banana seedlings,increased the pseudostem height,pseudostem circumference,green leaf number and chlorophyll content of next year's banana seedlings,brought the flower bud emergence period and harvest period forward,and significantly increased the yield per plant.展开更多
In order to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of cassava alcohol fermentation mash and the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of cassava,compound microbial inoculum was inoculated into the cassava...In order to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of cassava alcohol fermentation mash and the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of cassava,compound microbial inoculum was inoculated into the cassava alcohol fermentation mash to prepare bacterial manure,which was then applied to two cassava varieties,Nanzhi 199 and SC 205 to explore the optimum application amount,application method and application concentration. The results showed that when the inoculation amount of the compound microbial inoculum was 2‰ of the mass of the mash,the requirements of industrial production of liquid bacterial manure and agricultural application can be met,saving costs. After the emergence of cassava seedlings,if they were drenched with the bacterial manure of cassava alcohol fermentation mash through roots once according to the amount of 67. 5 t/ha and irrigated with the bacterial manure once every 15 d under drought conditions,both the yield and quality of cassava can be improved significantly. The yield and starch content of Nanzhi 199 reached 26 196. 23 kg/ha and 30. 32%,36. 57% and4. 75 percentage points higher than those of CK. The yield and starch content of SC 205 reached 41 126. 06 kg/ha and 23. 74%,99. 25% and3. 19 percentage points higher than those of CK. Under the application modes of foliar spray,root irrigation and foliar spray + root irrigation,the fertilization effect was more obvious. When undiluted bacterial manure of cassava alcohol fermentation mash was applied according to the amount of 52. 5 t/( ha·time),the fertilization effect of the application mode of foliar spray + root irrigation was the best. The bacterial manure from cassava alcohol fermentation mash can be directly applied without dilution,and the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced significantly after dilution.展开更多
The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, ...The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, could be one way of building resilience in vulnerable farming households. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite and mineral composition of noni juice obtained by fermenting the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits were collected in August 2022 from the local field in Thiès region, West of Senegal. Extraction yields were determined and the secondary metabolites were determined using conventional analytical methods. Calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results show that an average fruit mass (503.2 ± 110.96 g) consists of 171.44 ± 50.01 g pulp and 34.06 ± 10.35 g seeds. The traditional extraction yield of noni juice is 16.46% after three weeks of fermentation. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins obtained in noni are 608.97 ± 4.53 mg EAG/100mL, 7.78 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100mL and 0.191 ± 0.01 mg EC/100mL respectively. The ethanol content of noni varies from 3.57 to 5.23 mL/100mL during extraction. Noni has a high calcium content with a concentration of 383.79 ± 33.23 mg/L. This is followed by a good concentration of magnesium, potassium and sodium, at 278.47 ± 26.30, 187.43 ± 10.7 and 155.95 ± 28.66 mg/L respectively. Noni also has an iron content of 202.15 ± 0.05 mg/L.展开更多
Pomegranate residues(PRs),namely pomegranate peels and seeds remaining after juice extraction,constitute a significant agro-industrial residue in Greece.Despite their ample content in carbon sources and bioactive comp...Pomegranate residues(PRs),namely pomegranate peels and seeds remaining after juice extraction,constitute a significant agro-industrial residue in Greece.Despite their ample content in carbon sources and bioactive compounds,PRs are largely unexploited,with their management being an increasing concern for the pome-granate processing industry.The objective of this study was the development and characterization of a bio-process aiming at the biotechnological valorization of PRs for ethanol production.Specifically,a stepwise investigation was conducted,including(i)the production and chemical characterization of extracts/hydrolysates from PRs using distinct pretreatments not involving organic solvents or enzymatic hydrolysis;(ii)the assessment of the exploitability of a selected hydrolysate as fermentation feedstock using Saccharomyces cerevisiae;and(iii)the advancement of the bioprocess through the joined utilization in the fermentation substrate of PRs and seeded raisins(SRs),another important agro-industrial residue in Greece.The finally developed substrate,comprising a mixture of PRs/SRs extracts at concentrations 60/40%v/v,was used in three fermentation trials,and the fermentation process was quantitatively described using the Aiba model.The developed bioprocess resulted in satisfactorily high bioethanol production with the maximum attained concentration being 50.0±0.6 g/L.The maximum specific growth rate(μ_(max))of S.cerevisiae was estimated to be 0.1351/h and the bioethanol yield(Y_(ps)),namely the amount of produced ethanol/amount of consumed reducing sugars,was estimated to be 0.423 g/g.Hence,PRs can be efficiently used in the development of a fermentation substrate for bioethanol production,providing an economic and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional feedstocks.展开更多
Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electro...Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.展开更多
[Background]Surfactin is a biosurfactant with remarkable surface/interfacial activity.Surfactin production suffers from high costs of carbon sources and severe foaming problem during fermentation.Unreasonable utilizat...[Background]Surfactin is a biosurfactant with remarkable surface/interfacial activity.Surfactin production suffers from high costs of carbon sources and severe foaming problem during fermentation.Unreasonable utilization of soybean residue(okara)can cause resource waste and environmental pollution.[Objective]To achieve sustainable production of surfactin and valueadded conversion of okara,we explored foam-free production of surfactin by Bacillus subtilis using okara as a low-cost substrate and evaluated its application prospects.[Methods]We evaluated and compared the feasibility of B.subtilis utilizing okara to synthesize surfactin through liquid and solid-state fermentation methods.Biosurfactants were extracted from solid-state culture via a weak alkaline water extraction method.The products were identified by HPLC-MS,and the physicochemical properties of the produced surfactin were analyzed.The solid-state medium for fermentation of okara was optimized by the response surface method.The viable count of B.subtilis in solid-state fermentation residue was determined by the plate colony counting method.[Results]The conversion rates of okara to surfactin were 0.6%−0.8%and 1.2%−1.5%in liquid and solid-state fermentation,respectively.Interestingly,solid-state fermentation of okara by B.subtilis achieved both high-yield and foam-free production of surfactin.Five surfactin homologues were produced from okara,mainly including surfactin-C13(34.16%),surfactin-C_(14)(23.95%),and surfactin-C_(15)(35.14%).The produced surfactin,with a critical micelle concentration of 35.0 mg/L,decreased water surface tension to(26.0±0.1)mN/m and emulsified crude oil with emulsifying activity index(EI24)(73.1±3.2)%.It was stable at 4−121℃,pH 5.0−11.0,and NaCl<150 g/L.Okara,NH_(4)Cl,and CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O were significant components in the solid-state medium.The surfactin yield was increased by 52.1%through solid-state medium optimization.Adding wheat straw further enhanced surfactin production by improving aeration in the solid-state medium.B.subtilis AnPL-1 produced(263.2±7.8)mg surfactin in the optimized solid-state medium containing 14.8 g okara and 1.5 g wheat straw.The conversion rate of okara to surfactin was enhanced to 1.8%.In addition,the residue of solid-state fermentation was expected to be microbial fertilizer since it contained 4.27×10^(10)CFU/g of B.subtilis.[Conclusion]This study established a promising way for foam-free production of surfactin and value-added conversion of okara.展开更多
Gas wells often encounter blockages in gas recovery channels owing to fluid accumulation during the later stages of extraction,which adversely affects subsequent recovery efforts.These undesirable conditions(e.g.,high...Gas wells often encounter blockages in gas recovery channels owing to fluid accumulation during the later stages of extraction,which adversely affects subsequent recovery efforts.These undesirable conditions(e.g.,high condensate content,high temperature,and high salinity)often affect foaming agent performance.In this study,surfactants were screened using an airflow method that closely resembles field treatment method.Notably,alcohol ether sulfates(AE_(n)S)with various polyoxyethylene(EO)units demonstrated exceptional performance in terms of liquid unloading efficiency and foam stability.At 80℃,the unloading efficiency of AE_(n)S with two EO units(AE_(2)S)in a high NaCl mass concentration(up to 200 g/L)and high condensate volume fraction(up to 20%)reached 84%.The dynamic surface tension and interfacial tension measured at the same temperature were used to analyze the influence of the diffusion rate and interfacial characteristics on the AE_(n)S foam,while the viscosity and liquid film thickness measurements reflected the mechanical strength and liquid-carrying capacity.In addition,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed that AE_(2)S formed“dendritic”micellar aggregates at a high NaCl mass concentration,which significantly enhanced the viscosity and stability of the foam.The interactions among AE_(n)S,NaCl,and H2O were analyzed using molecular dynamics,and it was confirmed from a molecular mechanics perspective that a stable structure can form among the three,contributing to the foam stability.These findings demonstrate the significant potential of the AE_(2)S foam for gas well deliquification.展开更多
Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial ...Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial for the distinctiveness of fermented food flavor and the variability in quality.Chinese liquor(Baijiu)is one of the typical representatives of spontaneous fermented food.In this review,the multifaceted relationship between regional environmental attributes and the fermentation dynamics of Baijiu was examined,with a spotlight on the strong-flavor,sauce-flavor,and light-flavor varieties.It reveals the influence of regional environmental factors and brewing environmental factors on microbial function and metabolism,which results in the formation of unique flavor characteristics of Baijiu.The 9 main factors affecting the microecology of Baijiu fermentation were further explored,including environmental sensitivity,microbial interactions,biogeographic patterns,and key abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity.Environmental factor management is crucial for controlling microbial community in fermentation.Intelligent detection of the fermentation system is combined with artificial intelligence to realize the digitalization of Baijiu fermentation,with a view to further studying the environmental mechanism or quantitative control relationship of natural fermentation,improving the environmental stability of natural fermentation,and promoting the mechanization and intelligence of fermentation production.展开更多
The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and fu...The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and functional differentiation of microbial communities across different fermentation rounds remain unclear.Therefore,this study compared the differences in microbiota structure,environmental factors driving community assembly,and functional differentiations throughout 1–7 rounds(JC1–JC7)of pit fermentation in JFB production.Results showed that Lactobacillus dominated all rounds and complied with declining relative abundance from rounds JC1–JC7.The mould composition was similar in JC3–JC5 while the yeast structure in JC4 was found intermediate between JC3 and JC5.LEf Se analysis unveiled aroma-producing microorganisms as prominent biomarkers in JC1,strong enzyme-producing attributes in JC2,JC6,and JC7 biomarkers,and an enzyme and aroma-producing focus with robust tolerance in JC3–JC5 biomarkers.Acidity mainly regulated the microbial community in the first 4 rounds,with nutrient limitation drove microbial succession from the fifth round onward.Functional predictions underscored enriched amino acid metabolism enzymes in JC6 and JC1,while carbohydrate degradation exhibited predominant enzymatic profiles in JC2,JC6,and JC7.This study laid a foundation for comprehending community composition,succession,and flavor regulatory mechanisms throughout JFB brewing.展开更多
The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for syn...The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for synthesizing thioesters primarily rely on the acylation of thiols,which produces substantial waste and requires malodorous,unstable sulfur sources.In this work,we introduce a photocatalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy that enables a three-component synthesis of thioesters using abundant primary alcohols,easily available alkenes and elemental sulfur under mild conditions.This protocol demonstrates broad applicability and high chemo-and regioselectivity for both primary alcohols and alkenes,highlighting the advantage and potential of photo-mediated hydrogen transfer in facilitating multicomponent reactions using primary alcohol and elemental sulfur feedstocks.展开更多
This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-...This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-based fillers such as nanocellulose cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)and cellulose nanocrystals(CNC),and carbon-based fillers like graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)and carbon nanotubes(CNT).CNF and CNC increase tensile strength by up to 40%and 17.9%,respectively,due to their ability to reinforce polymer networks.CNC also improves thermal stability,raising degradation temperatures to approximately 327℃through enhanced hydrogen bonding.Electrical and piezoelectric properties are significantly improved,with dielectric behaviour enhanced by up to 107%and open-circuit voltage reaching 25.6 V,suitable for energy harvesting.GNP and CNT contribute by forming conductive networks within the PVA matrix,enabling superior electrical conductivity and consistent piezoresistive responses under strain.These characteristics make such composites ideal for applications in flexible electronics,sensors,structural health monitoring and other advanced fields.This synthesis of experimental results and critical insights underscores the broad utility and future potential of nanofillerenhanced PVA composites across aerospace,automotive,healthcare,and defence sectors.展开更多
The insufficient performance of Pt and Pd benchmark catalysts remains a significant obstacle to the practical application of direct liquid fuel cells.In this study,we report a synthesis of amorphous PdSe/crystalline P...The insufficient performance of Pt and Pd benchmark catalysts remains a significant obstacle to the practical application of direct liquid fuel cells.In this study,we report a synthesis of amorphous PdSe/crystalline Pt nanoparticles(AC-PdPtSe NPs)by chemical leaching of PdPtSe NPs.AC-PdPtSe NPs display significantly enhanced activity and stability for the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol and glycerol,far surpassing that of amorphous-dominant PdPtSe NPs,commercial Pd/C,and Pt/C catalysts.Notably,the integration of crystalline and amorphous domains leverages the advantages of high electrical conductivity and a wealth of active sites,which can substantially accelerate reaction kinetics.Furthermore,detailed investigations reveal that the boundary between the Pt crystalline and PdSe amorphous phases induces a 3%surface tensile strain.The formation of amorphous-crystalline heterointerfaces optimizes the d-band states,thereby strengthening the adsorption and activation of ethylene glycol and glycerol.This study highlights the advance in phase engineering toward the development of highly active noble-metal nanostructures.展开更多
Silica aerogels(SAs)impart low density and excellent thermal insulation to polymer systems,yet incorporating hydrophobic SAs into aqueous rubber latex systems remains challenging owing to their poor dispersibility and...Silica aerogels(SAs)impart low density and excellent thermal insulation to polymer systems,yet incorporating hydrophobic SAs into aqueous rubber latex systems remains challenging owing to their poor dispersibility and potential to destabilize the latex.Although previous studies have dispersed SAs in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),the stability of such dispersions and their effectiveness as bridging media for latex integration have not been thoroughly evaluated,which limits their practical application in latex compounding.This study systematically examined how the surface chemistry governs hydrolytic stability,interfacial behavior,and latex compatibility in PVA-assisted aqueous processing.Two hydrophobic SAs were prepared:ethoxy-modified SA(E-SA)and methyl-modified SA(M-SA).Both initially formed a homogeneous PVA slurry,but E-SA rapidly hydrolyzed its surface—OCH_(2)CH_(3)groups,releasing ethanol,becoming hydrophilic,and undergoing irreversible nanopore collapse.In contrast,M-SA maintains its structural integrity and hydrophobicity because its—Si(CH_(3))_(3)groups are highly resistant to hydrolysis.This divergence dictates the behavior during latex blending.The ethanol released from E-SA disrupts electrostatic and steric stabilization,inducing latex coagulation,whereas M-SA/PVA dispersions preserve colloidal stability across diverse latex systems.As a practical demonstration,M-SA-reinforced chlorosulfonated polyethylene(CSM)rubber latex composites show more than a 50%reduction in thermal conductivity while maintaining chemical resistance,enabling high-performance insulating protective gloves and coatings.This work establishes a critical link between aerogel surface chemistry and aqueous processing stability,providing a mechanistic foundation for the rational design of water-based rubber/silica aerogel composites and next-generation thermal insulation materials.展开更多
The two distinct types of composite materials(5%to 10%)were developed using recycled polyvinyl alcohol fiber(RPA),silicon nitride fiber(SN),and reduced carbon nanoparticles(RCN).Enhanced microstructural properties and...The two distinct types of composite materials(5%to 10%)were developed using recycled polyvinyl alcohol fiber(RPA),silicon nitride fiber(SN),and reduced carbon nanoparticles(RCN).Enhanced microstructural properties and mechanical strength were attained through the application of the 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane coupling method.The combination of the resin-like properties of RPA-SN fiber resulted in the formation of robust outer strength and a high bonding structure.RPA-RCN composite materials with a weight percentage of 10%exhibited a tensile strength of 42 MPa.In contrast,RPA-SN-RCN composite materials containing 5%to 10%demonstrated enhanced tensile,bending,and hardness properties.Pyramid structures,solid structures,and crystal phases were formed using RCN particles.The resin and silane properties on hardness were gradually 14%increasing the outside region,whereas RPA-SN-RCN(10 wt%)on average hardness were attained at 86(Shore-D).The microstructures on RPA-RCN(5%to 10%)samples were observed solid structure,twin boundary’s structure and lattice structure.The tensile strength of RPA-SN-RCN(10%)was 67.3MPa,whereas the impact strength of RPA-RCN(10 wt%)was 53 J/mm2.The scanning electron microscopies(SEM)were used to investigate the microstructure of the RPA-SN-RCN(5%)and RPA-SN-RCN(10%)composite materials,respectively.展开更多
Spontaneous fermentation(SF)is a fermentation strategy used to enhance the aromatic complexity of wine.However,studies on the application of SF to enhance icewine aroma remain limited.In this study,headspace solid-pha...Spontaneous fermentation(SF)is a fermentation strategy used to enhance the aromatic complexity of wine.However,studies on the application of SF to enhance icewine aroma remain limited.In this study,headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS),combined with an electronic nose(E-nose),were used to investigate the effect of SF on the aromatic profile of icewine.The results indicated that SF completed fermentation successfully and produced lower acetic acid levels compared to fermentation with commercial yeast(BV818).GC-MS analysis revealed that SF increased the total volatile compound content by 23.75%.SF increased the alcohol and ester contents by 43%and 35%,respectively.The key aroma compounds identified through odor activity value analysis included phenylethyl alcohol,ethyl decenoate,ethyl caprylate,ethyl laurate,2,4-di-tert-butylphenol,and octanoic acid.E-nose analysis showed that the differences between SF and BV818 were mainly in response to the sensors W1S and W2S.SF was strongly associated with key aromatic compounds,predominantly contributing to the honey,fruity,and floral notes.Consequently,SF more effectively transforms the raw green flavor of must into the characteristic aroma of icewine.These findings provide insights into the use of SF for developing icewines with unique regional characteristics.展开更多
Saccharifying activity of starter culture plays a key role on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Chinese baijiu fermentation.However,the regulation of alcoholic fermentation by Daqu starter or sacch...Saccharifying activity of starter culture plays a key role on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Chinese baijiu fermentation.However,the regulation of alcoholic fermentation by Daqu starter or saccharifying enzymes still remains unclear in the baijiu fermentation.In this study,we identified 13 proteins,affiliated to 4 saccharifying enzymes(including alpha-amylase,beta-amylase,glucoamylase and beta-glucosidase)as the key saccharifying enzymes in Daqu by metaproteomic and culture-dependent analysis.These enzymes were metabolized from plant substrate(13.4%)and microbial metabolism(86.6%),and especially alpha-amylase and glucoamylase from Aspergillus and Rhizopus were dominant in Daqu bio-system.Furthermore,we observed the dynamic of saccharifying activity of Daqu(from 241 to 395 U)was driven by the combinations of isolated saccharifying microbes responsible for key enzymes releasing,indicating AR7 group(with a ration of Rhizopus oryzae:Aspergillus oryzae in 10:1)presented the highest saccharifying activity(395 U)in a simulative Daqu production.However,the highest ethanol production(80.5 mg/g)was obtained from the fermentation driven by AR8 group(with a ration of Rhizopus oryzae:Aspergillus oryzae in 50:1)with the saccharifying activity of 389 U.These results indicated that a proper combination of saccharifying microbes could enhance the saccharifying activity of Daqu and then promote ethanol production in baijiu fermentation,as it did not always exhibit a positive correlativity between saccharifying activity and alcoholic fermentation.Our findings should provide a potential approach to regulate the alcoholic fermentation by optimizing the saccharifying microbes or enzymes of starter cultures for baijiu and other fermented food.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesi...Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways.Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation,brain damage,and impaired cognition.Evidence indicates that females are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage than males.While mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been studied in various neuroinflammatory conditions,their potential to counteract alcohol-induced brain damage remains unclear.In this study,we investigated whether repeated intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer(^(18)F-FDG)when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation,cognitive dysfunction,and the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.MiRNA sequencing data from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles revealed the elevated expression of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice following mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration.In addition,mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes(e.g.,Socs3,Tnf,Mtor,and Atf6)in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice.These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation,cognitive dysfunction,and conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine associated with chronic alcohol consumption.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This o...AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.展开更多
文摘This article investigates the effects of nitric oxide （NO） on alcoholic fermentation and the qualities of Chinese Winter Jujube during storage, and explores the action mechanisms of browning and softening of fruits to provide theoretical proofs for using NO in the storage of Chinese Winter Jujube. Chinese Winter Jujube fruits were fumigated with different concentrations of NO gas （0, 10, 20, 30 μL L^-1） under anaerobic conditions and stored at 22±1℃ and 4± 1℃. The changes in appearance qualities, the contents of pyruvate, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） were investigated. The contents of pyruvate, ethanol, and acetaldehyde were significantly reduced, and the peak of pyruvate content was delayed by 20 μL L^-1 NO. The activities of ADH and LDH in 20 μL L^-1 NO treated fruits were also significantly inhibited. However, the alcoholic fermentation and softening of Chinese Winter Jujube fruits were promoted by 30 μL L^-1 NO during storage. The results indicated that 20 μL L^-1 NO could mitigate the injury of ethanol on Chinese Winter Jujube and effectively delay the browning and softening of fruits during storage.
基金Project(17A192)supported by the Education Department of Hunan Province,China
文摘The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the low-alcoholic health drink produced from corncob in a yeast-cellulase synchronous fermentation process. The fermentation was performed by inoculating the seed solution (containing corncob powder and yeast) and cellulase into the synchronous saccharification fermentation medium. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were performed, and the optimal processing conditions were obtained based on the characterizations of alcohol content and sensory evaluation. The results show that the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the drink can reach 6.1 vol.% and 92, respectively, when the dosage of cellulase, inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time are 15 U/g, 7%, 32℃ and 84 h, respectively.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260461)2013 Guiding Fund for Ecological Guangxi Construction+2 种基金Guangxi Scientific Research and Technological Development Project(GKH 1346011-19)Students’Experimental Skills and Scientific and Technological Innovation Ability Training Fund of Guangxi University(SYJN20131513)Earmarked Fund for Nanning Station of Banana in Guangxi of China Agriculture Research System(nycytxcxtd-04-18)
文摘The effects of application of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid and mulching of film on overwintering and next year's growth and yield of banana were investigated in this study.The results showed that the application of cassava alcohol anaerobic fermentation liquid with COD concentration of 1 200-2 000 mg/L(900 m^3/hm^2) and mulching of film significantly increased the soil organic matter and available potassium contents in banana orchard,improved the cold resistance of banana seedlings,increased the pseudostem height,pseudostem circumference,green leaf number and chlorophyll content of next year's banana seedlings,brought the flower bud emergence period and harvest period forward,and significantly increased the yield per plant.
基金Supported by Guangxi Science and Technology Plan Project(Gui Ke AA16380013)Scientific Research and Technological Development Program of Guangxi(20162106)
文摘In order to provide a scientific basis for the utilization of cassava alcohol fermentation mash and the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of cassava,compound microbial inoculum was inoculated into the cassava alcohol fermentation mash to prepare bacterial manure,which was then applied to two cassava varieties,Nanzhi 199 and SC 205 to explore the optimum application amount,application method and application concentration. The results showed that when the inoculation amount of the compound microbial inoculum was 2‰ of the mass of the mash,the requirements of industrial production of liquid bacterial manure and agricultural application can be met,saving costs. After the emergence of cassava seedlings,if they were drenched with the bacterial manure of cassava alcohol fermentation mash through roots once according to the amount of 67. 5 t/ha and irrigated with the bacterial manure once every 15 d under drought conditions,both the yield and quality of cassava can be improved significantly. The yield and starch content of Nanzhi 199 reached 26 196. 23 kg/ha and 30. 32%,36. 57% and4. 75 percentage points higher than those of CK. The yield and starch content of SC 205 reached 41 126. 06 kg/ha and 23. 74%,99. 25% and3. 19 percentage points higher than those of CK. Under the application modes of foliar spray,root irrigation and foliar spray + root irrigation,the fertilization effect was more obvious. When undiluted bacterial manure of cassava alcohol fermentation mash was applied according to the amount of 52. 5 t/( ha·time),the fertilization effect of the application mode of foliar spray + root irrigation was the best. The bacterial manure from cassava alcohol fermentation mash can be directly applied without dilution,and the fertilizer efficiency will be reduced significantly after dilution.
文摘The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, could be one way of building resilience in vulnerable farming households. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite and mineral composition of noni juice obtained by fermenting the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits were collected in August 2022 from the local field in Thiès region, West of Senegal. Extraction yields were determined and the secondary metabolites were determined using conventional analytical methods. Calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results show that an average fruit mass (503.2 ± 110.96 g) consists of 171.44 ± 50.01 g pulp and 34.06 ± 10.35 g seeds. The traditional extraction yield of noni juice is 16.46% after three weeks of fermentation. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins obtained in noni are 608.97 ± 4.53 mg EAG/100mL, 7.78 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100mL and 0.191 ± 0.01 mg EC/100mL respectively. The ethanol content of noni varies from 3.57 to 5.23 mL/100mL during extraction. Noni has a high calcium content with a concentration of 383.79 ± 33.23 mg/L. This is followed by a good concentration of magnesium, potassium and sodium, at 278.47 ± 26.30, 187.43 ± 10.7 and 155.95 ± 28.66 mg/L respectively. Noni also has an iron content of 202.15 ± 0.05 mg/L.
基金financed by the Green Fund of the Hellenic Ministry of Environment and Energy,under the funding program“National Environment and Innovation Activities 2022”,Priority Axis“Research&Application”,Project“Sustainable technology for converting pomegranate residues into bioproducts and bioactive compounds”with the acronym“POMEGRANATE”.
文摘Pomegranate residues(PRs),namely pomegranate peels and seeds remaining after juice extraction,constitute a significant agro-industrial residue in Greece.Despite their ample content in carbon sources and bioactive compounds,PRs are largely unexploited,with their management being an increasing concern for the pome-granate processing industry.The objective of this study was the development and characterization of a bio-process aiming at the biotechnological valorization of PRs for ethanol production.Specifically,a stepwise investigation was conducted,including(i)the production and chemical characterization of extracts/hydrolysates from PRs using distinct pretreatments not involving organic solvents or enzymatic hydrolysis;(ii)the assessment of the exploitability of a selected hydrolysate as fermentation feedstock using Saccharomyces cerevisiae;and(iii)the advancement of the bioprocess through the joined utilization in the fermentation substrate of PRs and seeded raisins(SRs),another important agro-industrial residue in Greece.The finally developed substrate,comprising a mixture of PRs/SRs extracts at concentrations 60/40%v/v,was used in three fermentation trials,and the fermentation process was quantitatively described using the Aiba model.The developed bioprocess resulted in satisfactorily high bioethanol production with the maximum attained concentration being 50.0±0.6 g/L.The maximum specific growth rate(μ_(max))of S.cerevisiae was estimated to be 0.1351/h and the bioethanol yield(Y_(ps)),namely the amount of produced ethanol/amount of consumed reducing sugars,was estimated to be 0.423 g/g.Hence,PRs can be efficiently used in the development of a fermentation substrate for bioethanol production,providing an economic and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional feedstocks.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172110,52472231,52311530113)Shanghai"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan"intergovernmental international science and technology cooperation project(23520710600)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(22DZ1205600)the Central Guidance on Science and Technology Development Fund of Zhejiang Province(2024ZY01011)。
文摘Investigating structural and hydroxyl group effects in electrooxidation of alcohols to value-added products by solid-acid electrocatalysts is essential for upgrading biomass alcohols.Herein,we report efficient electrocatalytic oxidations of saturated alcohols(C_(1)-C_(6))to selectively form formate using Ni Co hydroxide(Ni Co-OH)derived Ni Co_(2)O_(4)solid-acid electrocatalysts with balanced Lewis acid(LASs)and Brønsted acid sites(BASs).Thermal treatment transforms BASs-rich(89.6%)Ni Co-OH into Ni Co_(2)O_(4)with nearly equal distribution of LASs(53.1%)and BASs(46.9%)which synergistically promote adsorption and activation of OH-and alcohol molecules for enhanced oxidation activity.In contrast,BASs-enriched Ni Co-OH facilitates formation of higher valence metal sites,beneficial for water oxidation.The combined experimental studies and theoretical calculation imply the oxidation ability of C1-C6alcohols increases as increased number of hydroxyl groups and decreased HOMO-LUMO gaps:methanol(C_(1))<ethylene glycol(C_(2))<glycerol(C3)<meso-erythritol(C4)<xylitol(C5)<sorbitol(C6),while the formate selectivity shows the opposite trend from 100 to 80%.This study unveils synergistic roles of LASs and BASs,as well as hydroxyl group effect in electro-upgrading of alcohols using solid-acid electrocatalysts.
基金supported by the Research Start-up Foundation for Introduced Talent of Qufu Normal University(609601)。
文摘[Background]Surfactin is a biosurfactant with remarkable surface/interfacial activity.Surfactin production suffers from high costs of carbon sources and severe foaming problem during fermentation.Unreasonable utilization of soybean residue(okara)can cause resource waste and environmental pollution.[Objective]To achieve sustainable production of surfactin and valueadded conversion of okara,we explored foam-free production of surfactin by Bacillus subtilis using okara as a low-cost substrate and evaluated its application prospects.[Methods]We evaluated and compared the feasibility of B.subtilis utilizing okara to synthesize surfactin through liquid and solid-state fermentation methods.Biosurfactants were extracted from solid-state culture via a weak alkaline water extraction method.The products were identified by HPLC-MS,and the physicochemical properties of the produced surfactin were analyzed.The solid-state medium for fermentation of okara was optimized by the response surface method.The viable count of B.subtilis in solid-state fermentation residue was determined by the plate colony counting method.[Results]The conversion rates of okara to surfactin were 0.6%−0.8%and 1.2%−1.5%in liquid and solid-state fermentation,respectively.Interestingly,solid-state fermentation of okara by B.subtilis achieved both high-yield and foam-free production of surfactin.Five surfactin homologues were produced from okara,mainly including surfactin-C13(34.16%),surfactin-C_(14)(23.95%),and surfactin-C_(15)(35.14%).The produced surfactin,with a critical micelle concentration of 35.0 mg/L,decreased water surface tension to(26.0±0.1)mN/m and emulsified crude oil with emulsifying activity index(EI24)(73.1±3.2)%.It was stable at 4−121℃,pH 5.0−11.0,and NaCl<150 g/L.Okara,NH_(4)Cl,and CaCl_(2)·2H_(2)O were significant components in the solid-state medium.The surfactin yield was increased by 52.1%through solid-state medium optimization.Adding wheat straw further enhanced surfactin production by improving aeration in the solid-state medium.B.subtilis AnPL-1 produced(263.2±7.8)mg surfactin in the optimized solid-state medium containing 14.8 g okara and 1.5 g wheat straw.The conversion rate of okara to surfactin was enhanced to 1.8%.In addition,the residue of solid-state fermentation was expected to be microbial fertilizer since it contained 4.27×10^(10)CFU/g of B.subtilis.[Conclusion]This study established a promising way for foam-free production of surfactin and value-added conversion of okara.
文摘Gas wells often encounter blockages in gas recovery channels owing to fluid accumulation during the later stages of extraction,which adversely affects subsequent recovery efforts.These undesirable conditions(e.g.,high condensate content,high temperature,and high salinity)often affect foaming agent performance.In this study,surfactants were screened using an airflow method that closely resembles field treatment method.Notably,alcohol ether sulfates(AE_(n)S)with various polyoxyethylene(EO)units demonstrated exceptional performance in terms of liquid unloading efficiency and foam stability.At 80℃,the unloading efficiency of AE_(n)S with two EO units(AE_(2)S)in a high NaCl mass concentration(up to 200 g/L)and high condensate volume fraction(up to 20%)reached 84%.The dynamic surface tension and interfacial tension measured at the same temperature were used to analyze the influence of the diffusion rate and interfacial characteristics on the AE_(n)S foam,while the viscosity and liquid film thickness measurements reflected the mechanical strength and liquid-carrying capacity.In addition,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)revealed that AE_(2)S formed“dendritic”micellar aggregates at a high NaCl mass concentration,which significantly enhanced the viscosity and stability of the foam.The interactions among AE_(n)S,NaCl,and H2O were analyzed using molecular dynamics,and it was confirmed from a molecular mechanics perspective that a stable structure can form among the three,contributing to the foam stability.These findings demonstrate the significant potential of the AE_(2)S foam for gas well deliquification.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22138004)National Treasure Ecological Research Synergetic Innovation Center.
文摘Environment serves as the pivotal medium to produce fermented food,with fluctuations in environmental factors exerting a profound impact on the modulation of fermentation microbial communities.Such shifts are crucial for the distinctiveness of fermented food flavor and the variability in quality.Chinese liquor(Baijiu)is one of the typical representatives of spontaneous fermented food.In this review,the multifaceted relationship between regional environmental attributes and the fermentation dynamics of Baijiu was examined,with a spotlight on the strong-flavor,sauce-flavor,and light-flavor varieties.It reveals the influence of regional environmental factors and brewing environmental factors on microbial function and metabolism,which results in the formation of unique flavor characteristics of Baijiu.The 9 main factors affecting the microecology of Baijiu fermentation were further explored,including environmental sensitivity,microbial interactions,biogeographic patterns,and key abiotic factors such as temperature and humidity.Environmental factor management is crucial for controlling microbial community in fermentation.Intelligent detection of the fermentation system is combined with artificial intelligence to realize the digitalization of Baijiu fermentation,with a view to further studying the environmental mechanism or quantitative control relationship of natural fermentation,improving the environmental stability of natural fermentation,and promoting the mechanization and intelligence of fermentation production.
文摘The variation in microbiota during pit fermentation is the main reason for the distinct characteristics of the 7 types of base Baijiu in jiang-flavor Baijiu(JFB)brewing.However,the specific structure,succession,and functional differentiation of microbial communities across different fermentation rounds remain unclear.Therefore,this study compared the differences in microbiota structure,environmental factors driving community assembly,and functional differentiations throughout 1–7 rounds(JC1–JC7)of pit fermentation in JFB production.Results showed that Lactobacillus dominated all rounds and complied with declining relative abundance from rounds JC1–JC7.The mould composition was similar in JC3–JC5 while the yeast structure in JC4 was found intermediate between JC3 and JC5.LEf Se analysis unveiled aroma-producing microorganisms as prominent biomarkers in JC1,strong enzyme-producing attributes in JC2,JC6,and JC7 biomarkers,and an enzyme and aroma-producing focus with robust tolerance in JC3–JC5 biomarkers.Acidity mainly regulated the microbial community in the first 4 rounds,with nutrient limitation drove microbial succession from the fifth round onward.Functional predictions underscored enriched amino acid metabolism enzymes in JC6 and JC1,while carbohydrate degradation exhibited predominant enzymatic profiles in JC2,JC6,and JC7.This study laid a foundation for comprehending community composition,succession,and flavor regulatory mechanisms throughout JFB brewing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.22071185 and 22271224)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.2042019kf0008)Wuhan University startup funding for financial support。
文摘The development of catalytic multicomponent reactions for constructing complex organic scaffolds from readily accessible commodity chemicals is a key pursuit in contemporary synthetic chemistry.Current methods for synthesizing thioesters primarily rely on the acylation of thiols,which produces substantial waste and requires malodorous,unstable sulfur sources.In this work,we introduce a photocatalyzed hydrogen transfer strategy that enables a three-component synthesis of thioesters using abundant primary alcohols,easily available alkenes and elemental sulfur under mild conditions.This protocol demonstrates broad applicability and high chemo-and regioselectivity for both primary alcohols and alkenes,highlighting the advantage and potential of photo-mediated hydrogen transfer in facilitating multicomponent reactions using primary alcohol and elemental sulfur feedstocks.
基金Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia(MoHE)and Universiti Putra Malaysia under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS)(Grant Nos.FRGS/1/2023/TK09/UPM/01/3 and 5540599。
文摘This review highlights the performance enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)composites through the incorporation of nanofillers,focusing on mechanical,thermal,electrical and piezoelectric improvements.It examines bio-based fillers such as nanocellulose cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)and cellulose nanocrystals(CNC),and carbon-based fillers like graphene nanoplatelets(GNP)and carbon nanotubes(CNT).CNF and CNC increase tensile strength by up to 40%and 17.9%,respectively,due to their ability to reinforce polymer networks.CNC also improves thermal stability,raising degradation temperatures to approximately 327℃through enhanced hydrogen bonding.Electrical and piezoelectric properties are significantly improved,with dielectric behaviour enhanced by up to 107%and open-circuit voltage reaching 25.6 V,suitable for energy harvesting.GNP and CNT contribute by forming conductive networks within the PVA matrix,enabling superior electrical conductivity and consistent piezoresistive responses under strain.These characteristics make such composites ideal for applications in flexible electronics,sensors,structural health monitoring and other advanced fields.This synthesis of experimental results and critical insights underscores the broad utility and future potential of nanofillerenhanced PVA composites across aerospace,automotive,healthcare,and defence sectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52274304,52073199).
文摘The insufficient performance of Pt and Pd benchmark catalysts remains a significant obstacle to the practical application of direct liquid fuel cells.In this study,we report a synthesis of amorphous PdSe/crystalline Pt nanoparticles(AC-PdPtSe NPs)by chemical leaching of PdPtSe NPs.AC-PdPtSe NPs display significantly enhanced activity and stability for the electrooxidation of ethylene glycol and glycerol,far surpassing that of amorphous-dominant PdPtSe NPs,commercial Pd/C,and Pt/C catalysts.Notably,the integration of crystalline and amorphous domains leverages the advantages of high electrical conductivity and a wealth of active sites,which can substantially accelerate reaction kinetics.Furthermore,detailed investigations reveal that the boundary between the Pt crystalline and PdSe amorphous phases induces a 3%surface tensile strain.The formation of amorphous-crystalline heterointerfaces optimizes the d-band states,thereby strengthening the adsorption and activation of ethylene glycol and glycerol.This study highlights the advance in phase engineering toward the development of highly active noble-metal nanostructures.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2022YFC2603500,2022YFC2603502)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Project(No.2024A04J4280).All authors acknowledge the financial support.
文摘Silica aerogels(SAs)impart low density and excellent thermal insulation to polymer systems,yet incorporating hydrophobic SAs into aqueous rubber latex systems remains challenging owing to their poor dispersibility and potential to destabilize the latex.Although previous studies have dispersed SAs in aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA),the stability of such dispersions and their effectiveness as bridging media for latex integration have not been thoroughly evaluated,which limits their practical application in latex compounding.This study systematically examined how the surface chemistry governs hydrolytic stability,interfacial behavior,and latex compatibility in PVA-assisted aqueous processing.Two hydrophobic SAs were prepared:ethoxy-modified SA(E-SA)and methyl-modified SA(M-SA).Both initially formed a homogeneous PVA slurry,but E-SA rapidly hydrolyzed its surface—OCH_(2)CH_(3)groups,releasing ethanol,becoming hydrophilic,and undergoing irreversible nanopore collapse.In contrast,M-SA maintains its structural integrity and hydrophobicity because its—Si(CH_(3))_(3)groups are highly resistant to hydrolysis.This divergence dictates the behavior during latex blending.The ethanol released from E-SA disrupts electrostatic and steric stabilization,inducing latex coagulation,whereas M-SA/PVA dispersions preserve colloidal stability across diverse latex systems.As a practical demonstration,M-SA-reinforced chlorosulfonated polyethylene(CSM)rubber latex composites show more than a 50%reduction in thermal conductivity while maintaining chemical resistance,enabling high-performance insulating protective gloves and coatings.This work establishes a critical link between aerogel surface chemistry and aqueous processing stability,providing a mechanistic foundation for the rational design of water-based rubber/silica aerogel composites and next-generation thermal insulation materials.
基金the support provided by the Department of Mechanical Engineering,AAA college of Engineering and Technology,Sivakasi,Tamilnadu,India for facilitating the experimental and characterization facilities required to carry out this research work.
文摘The two distinct types of composite materials(5%to 10%)were developed using recycled polyvinyl alcohol fiber(RPA),silicon nitride fiber(SN),and reduced carbon nanoparticles(RCN).Enhanced microstructural properties and mechanical strength were attained through the application of the 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane coupling method.The combination of the resin-like properties of RPA-SN fiber resulted in the formation of robust outer strength and a high bonding structure.RPA-RCN composite materials with a weight percentage of 10%exhibited a tensile strength of 42 MPa.In contrast,RPA-SN-RCN composite materials containing 5%to 10%demonstrated enhanced tensile,bending,and hardness properties.Pyramid structures,solid structures,and crystal phases were formed using RCN particles.The resin and silane properties on hardness were gradually 14%increasing the outside region,whereas RPA-SN-RCN(10 wt%)on average hardness were attained at 86(Shore-D).The microstructures on RPA-RCN(5%to 10%)samples were observed solid structure,twin boundary’s structure and lattice structure.The tensile strength of RPA-SN-RCN(10%)was 67.3MPa,whereas the impact strength of RPA-RCN(10 wt%)was 53 J/mm2.The scanning electron microscopies(SEM)were used to investigate the microstructure of the RPA-SN-RCN(5%)and RPA-SN-RCN(10%)composite materials,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:32172333)。
文摘Spontaneous fermentation(SF)is a fermentation strategy used to enhance the aromatic complexity of wine.However,studies on the application of SF to enhance icewine aroma remain limited.In this study,headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS),combined with an electronic nose(E-nose),were used to investigate the effect of SF on the aromatic profile of icewine.The results indicated that SF completed fermentation successfully and produced lower acetic acid levels compared to fermentation with commercial yeast(BV818).GC-MS analysis revealed that SF increased the total volatile compound content by 23.75%.SF increased the alcohol and ester contents by 43%and 35%,respectively.The key aroma compounds identified through odor activity value analysis included phenylethyl alcohol,ethyl decenoate,ethyl caprylate,ethyl laurate,2,4-di-tert-butylphenol,and octanoic acid.E-nose analysis showed that the differences between SF and BV818 were mainly in response to the sensors W1S and W2S.SF was strongly associated with key aromatic compounds,predominantly contributing to the honey,fruity,and floral notes.Consequently,SF more effectively transforms the raw green flavor of must into the characteristic aroma of icewine.These findings provide insights into the use of SF for developing icewines with unique regional characteristics.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(32102119)National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD2101205)+1 种基金Program of Baijiu Technology Innovation Strategy of China Alcoholic Drinks Association(202105)Hebei Province Science and Technology Plan Project(215A9935D).
文摘Saccharifying activity of starter culture plays a key role on the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Chinese baijiu fermentation.However,the regulation of alcoholic fermentation by Daqu starter or saccharifying enzymes still remains unclear in the baijiu fermentation.In this study,we identified 13 proteins,affiliated to 4 saccharifying enzymes(including alpha-amylase,beta-amylase,glucoamylase and beta-glucosidase)as the key saccharifying enzymes in Daqu by metaproteomic and culture-dependent analysis.These enzymes were metabolized from plant substrate(13.4%)and microbial metabolism(86.6%),and especially alpha-amylase and glucoamylase from Aspergillus and Rhizopus were dominant in Daqu bio-system.Furthermore,we observed the dynamic of saccharifying activity of Daqu(from 241 to 395 U)was driven by the combinations of isolated saccharifying microbes responsible for key enzymes releasing,indicating AR7 group(with a ration of Rhizopus oryzae:Aspergillus oryzae in 10:1)presented the highest saccharifying activity(395 U)in a simulative Daqu production.However,the highest ethanol production(80.5 mg/g)was obtained from the fermentation driven by AR8 group(with a ration of Rhizopus oryzae:Aspergillus oryzae in 50:1)with the saccharifying activity of 389 U.These results indicated that a proper combination of saccharifying microbes could enhance the saccharifying activity of Daqu and then promote ethanol production in baijiu fermentation,as it did not always exhibit a positive correlativity between saccharifying activity and alcoholic fermentation.Our findings should provide a potential approach to regulate the alcoholic fermentation by optimizing the saccharifying microbes or enzymes of starter cultures for baijiu and other fermented food.
基金supported by the Spanish Ministry of Health‐Plan Nacional sobre Drogas(2023‐I024)the the Ministry of Science,Innovation and Universities/State ResearchAgency/10.13039/501100011033(PID2023-146865OB-I00)+2 种基金Generalitat Valenciana(CIAICO/2021/203)the Primary Addiction Care Research Network(RD21/0009/0005)FEDER Funds,GVA.
文摘Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have emerged as a promising form of regenerative and immunomodulatory therapy;indeed,micro(mi)RNAs contained within mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulate target gene expression and impact disease-associated pathways.Chronic alcohol consumption leads to neuroinflammation,brain damage,and impaired cognition.Evidence indicates that females are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced damage than males.While mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been studied in various neuroinflammatory conditions,their potential to counteract alcohol-induced brain damage remains unclear.In this study,we investigated whether repeated intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could ameliorate neuroinflammation and behavioral impairment induced by chronic alcohol consumption in female mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles diminished the increased binding of a micro-positron emission tomography tracer(^(18)F-FDG)when analyzing whole-brain 3D images and brain coronal sections of ethanol-treated mice.Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration protected against ethanol-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation,cognitive dysfunction,and the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine.MiRNA sequencing data from mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles revealed the elevated expression of extracellular vesicle-derived miR-483-5p and miR-140-3p in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice following mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle administration.In addition,mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory-related miRNA target genes(e.g.,Socs3,Tnf,Mtor,and Atf6)in the brains of ethanol-treated female mice.These results suggest that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles could function as a neuroprotective therapy to ameliorate the neuroinflammation,cognitive dysfunction,and conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine associated with chronic alcohol consumption.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on retinal microcirculation by comparing different alcohol-consuming groups using optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA).METHODS:This observational clinical study utilized a cross-sectional and prospective design,focusing on chronic alcohol consumers alongside a non-consuming control group.OCT/OCTA imaging parameters including central retinal subfield thickness(CST),subfoveal choroidal thickness(SCT),foveal avascular zone(FAZ)and vessel density(VD)in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses in both the macular and optic disc(OD)regions were recorded.Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0;descriptive statistics were reported,group comparisons were performed with Chisquare,Kruskal–Wallis,and Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney U tests,and relationships were assessed using Spearman correlation,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS:A total of 160 eyes of 160 participants(110 females and 50 males with mean age 38.7±9.9y)who don’t smoke were divided into five groups:never,occasional,monthly,weekly and daily drinkers.The mean CST was 216.6±14.2μm and the mean SCT was 358.9±84.5μm.There was no statistically significantly difference in CST and SCT among the groups(P=0.890,0.799).Foveal superficial capillary plexuses(SCPs)VD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to occasional drinkers(P=0.015).Foveal VD in deep capillary plexus was also higher in monthly drinkers than in never and occasional drinkers(P=0.004,0.006).Nasal SCPs VD at the OD was higher in monthly drinkers compared to never drinkers(P=0.005).There was no significant difference FAZ area among the groups(P=0.071).CONCLUSION:Both superficial and deep microvascular structures in the inferior quadrants of macula are positively correlated with frequency of alcohol use.Also in our study results is that the monthly drinker group has uniquely higher VDs in both macula and OD.This leads us to consider moderate alcohol consumption may also have protective effects on retinal microcirculation.
