Sources of dispersions that contribute to delivery error and reduce the soldier performance in terms of hit probability are numerous.In order to improve the warfighter performance,the source of the errors contributing...Sources of dispersions that contribute to delivery error and reduce the soldier performance in terms of hit probability are numerous.In order to improve the warfighter performance,the source of the errors contributing to the inaccuracy and dispersion of the weapon systems must be understood.They include ammunition dispersion error,gun dispersion,aerodynamic jump and the aiming error.The aiming error or gun pointing error is defined as the angle between the gun muzzle at the instant the trigger is pulled and the line of fire that corresponds to the intendent aim point.This is a round-to-round error.In weapons systems that include the rifle,the ammunition,a sight and a gunner,the aiming error was shown to be the single most important source of dispersion for the regular infantryman.In other words,for the general purpose rifle weapon system,the weak link is often the human.In order to verify and quantify this assertion,an experimental investigation was carried out to determine the aiming error associated with general purpose rifle fired by infantryman.The aiming error was evaluated for various firing positions and scenarios using infantryman for ranges varying between 100 m and 500 m.The results show that the aiming error is the main contributor to dispersion for the general purpose rifle fired by a non-specialized infantryman.The aiming error induced dispersion for unstressed and rested gunners is shown to be at best equivalent to that of the weapon fired from a bench rest by a marksman.Crown Copyright(?) 2019 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of China Ordnance Society.展开更多
Using Au6 cluster and cyclooctaglycine model for gold nanoparticle(AuNP) and cyclic peptide(CP), twelve configurations for the functionalization of cyclic peptide-gold nanoparticle(CPAuNP) with gemcitabine(GEM) antica...Using Au6 cluster and cyclooctaglycine model for gold nanoparticle(AuNP) and cyclic peptide(CP), twelve configurations for the functionalization of cyclic peptide-gold nanoparticle(CPAuNP) with gemcitabine(GEM) anticancer drug were investigated(CPAuNP/GEM1-12). Structural and electronic properties have been studied in gas phase and aqueous solution at M06-2 X/6-31 g(d,p). The energetic stability of CPAuNP/GEM1-12 was confirmed by the calculation of binding energies. Since the solubility of drug, CP and AuNP increases in CPAuNP/GEM1-12, cyclic peptide-gold nanoparticle could be used as an appropriate drug delivery system. Quantum molecular descriptors such as electrophilicity power and global hardness demonstrated that the reactivity of CP and GEM drug increases in CPAuNP/GEM1-12 configurations. The AIM analysis for CPAuNP/GEM1-12 indicated that the Au-L(L = H, O, F, C, N) interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds play important roles in this drug delivery system. All Au-Au and some of Au-L interactions are related to medium interactions. The most stable configurations are those in which GEM drug is parallel to the CPAuNP and interacts simultaneously with AuNP and CP.展开更多
At present,global industrial structure adjustment accelerates,infrastructure construction is still booming,and developing countries are vigorously promoting the industrialization and urbanization,all providing great o...At present,global industrial structure adjustment accelerates,infrastructure construction is still booming,and developing countries are vigorously promoting the industrialization and urbanization,all providing great opportunities for international cooperation on capacity and equipment manufacturing.In May 2015,the'Guiding Opinions of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China on Promoting展开更多
Unmanned weapons have great potential to be widely used in future wars.The gaze-based aiming technology can be applied to control pan-tilt weapon systems remotely with high precision and efficiency.Gaze direction is r...Unmanned weapons have great potential to be widely used in future wars.The gaze-based aiming technology can be applied to control pan-tilt weapon systems remotely with high precision and efficiency.Gaze direction is related to head motion,which is a combination of head and eye movements.In this paper,a head motion detection method is proposed,which is based on the fusion of inertial and vision information.The inertial sensors can measure rotation in high-frequency with good performance,while vision sensors are able to eliminate drifts.By combining the characteristics of both sensors,the proposed approach achieves the effect of highfrequency,real-time,and drift-free head motion detection.The experiments show that our method can smooth the outputs,constrain drifts of inertial measurements,and achieve high detection accuracy.展开更多
In the course of using precise visual instrument, aiming precision is an important parameter to analyze the measurement error. Usually, instrument calibrated error is set down as measurement error. In the paper, the p...In the course of using precise visual instrument, aiming precision is an important parameter to analyze the measurement error. Usually, instrument calibrated error is set down as measurement error. In the paper, the precision theory of TC2003 theodolite is analyzed and some aiming experiments is done for different width line. Then, the relations between the width of line and aiming precision are shown by different aiming methods of two superposition solid lines and one line clipped by double lines. Finally, an effective method to improve aiming precision is proposed which adopts the aiming method of one line clipped by double lines.展开更多
The rural minimum living security system has the function ofguaranteeing the basic right of life, maintaining social stability and promoting social fairness. In the course of practice, the minimum living guarantee sys...The rural minimum living security system has the function ofguaranteeing the basic right of life, maintaining social stability and promoting social fairness. In the course of practice, the minimum living guarantee system has also created the problem that hinders its normal function, This paper, based on the rural subsistence allowances policy itself, the implementation of the main body, the object, the system of social environment and other aspects of the operation of rural subsistence allowances in recent years, the problems and causes of the study carried out, and on this basis, Rural low subsistence allowances research and development direction of the future, with a view to the rural minimum living system of further theoretical research, the specific practice to provide reference.展开更多
China's entry into the WTO means that Chinese enterprises stepped onto the "big competition arena of WTO". Accession to the WTO brought fierce challenge to all Chinese enterprises. For some enterprises, ...China's entry into the WTO means that Chinese enterprises stepped onto the "big competition arena of WTO". Accession to the WTO brought fierce challenge to all Chinese enterprises. For some enterprises, it is even a crisis; but on the other hand, it provides us broader markets and more developing opportunities. Whether challenge or opportunities. the key is how we shall cope with them. Just like a sword. advantages or disadvantages depend whether it's on the edge or handle that we are holding. Perhaps s...展开更多
This paper describes the HN-5Aman-portable air defense missilesystem which contains the HN-5Aweapon,test equipment and train-ing simulator.Compared with simi-lar missiles,it has more powerfulwarhead,its seeker reticle...This paper describes the HN-5Aman-portable air defense missilesystem which contains the HN-5Aweapon,test equipment and train-ing simulator.Compared with simi-lar missiles,it has more powerfulwarhead,its seeker reticle is coatedwith optical filter film,and its de-tector is equipped with cooling de-vices.Moreover,the paper alsopoints out the trends of the im-provement and development of HN-5A system.展开更多
Quaternion realization of aiming stabilization of the mobile weapon is considered.Gyro compassing combined with an inclinometer is used for the measurement of the initial chassis orientation in respect of the geograph...Quaternion realization of aiming stabilization of the mobile weapon is considered.Gyro compassing combined with an inclinometer is used for the measurement of the initial chassis orientation in respect of the geographical north and the horizontal plane.The same 3D gyroscope is used for the measurement of the subsequent incremental change of the chassis orientation.The goal of the proposed stabilization is to maintain the aiming geo coordinates generated by the fire control system while moving in an uneven terrain.展开更多
Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature,... Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature, and Section of Optimization and Overall Planning under the CAS Institute of Applied Mathematics), the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM), CAS, is characterized by interdisciplinary studies of social and natural sciences. It applies itself to theoretical, methodological and applied research into national strategies, policies and management for S&T development. It also provides consultancy services for government departments, local authorities and CAS on issues concerning S&T development, social and economic growth, S&T management and administration of enterprises.……展开更多
本文通过中层大气高空冰探测器(Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere,AIM)卫星的仪器载荷——用于云成像和粒子实验的探测器(Cloud Imaging and Particle Size,CIPS)和用于冰晶实验的太阳掩星探测器(Solar Occultation for Ice Experimen...本文通过中层大气高空冰探测器(Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere,AIM)卫星的仪器载荷——用于云成像和粒子实验的探测器(Cloud Imaging and Particle Size,CIPS)和用于冰晶实验的太阳掩星探测器(Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment,SOFIE)在2007—2014年间南、北半球的观测数据,分析了2007—2014年间夜光云的反照率、冰水含量(ice water content,IWC)、每日发生率及中层顶温度在南、北半球的变化趋势,讨论了夜光云发生位置和年变化,并且对夜光云反照率、中层顶温度和IWC的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:南、北半球夜光云主要发生在80°~85°纬度范围内,与南半球相比,北半球夜光云反照率持续时间更长、年波动更小、IWC更高且每日发生率更高,而南半球90°W~150°W位置的反照率总是较低;南、北半球夜光云反照率和IWC均与中层顶温度之间存在负相关关系,但反照率和冰水含量相关性表现不明显。本文的研究结果为夜光云作为中间层大气变化的敏感指标提供了量化依据;同时,南、北半球夜光云的差异特性有助于改进气候模型,对理解长期气候变化中的半球不对称响应具有参考意义。展开更多
文摘Sources of dispersions that contribute to delivery error and reduce the soldier performance in terms of hit probability are numerous.In order to improve the warfighter performance,the source of the errors contributing to the inaccuracy and dispersion of the weapon systems must be understood.They include ammunition dispersion error,gun dispersion,aerodynamic jump and the aiming error.The aiming error or gun pointing error is defined as the angle between the gun muzzle at the instant the trigger is pulled and the line of fire that corresponds to the intendent aim point.This is a round-to-round error.In weapons systems that include the rifle,the ammunition,a sight and a gunner,the aiming error was shown to be the single most important source of dispersion for the regular infantryman.In other words,for the general purpose rifle weapon system,the weak link is often the human.In order to verify and quantify this assertion,an experimental investigation was carried out to determine the aiming error associated with general purpose rifle fired by infantryman.The aiming error was evaluated for various firing positions and scenarios using infantryman for ranges varying between 100 m and 500 m.The results show that the aiming error is the main contributor to dispersion for the general purpose rifle fired by a non-specialized infantryman.The aiming error induced dispersion for unstressed and rested gunners is shown to be at best equivalent to that of the weapon fired from a bench rest by a marksman.Crown Copyright(?) 2019 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of China Ordnance Society.
文摘Using Au6 cluster and cyclooctaglycine model for gold nanoparticle(AuNP) and cyclic peptide(CP), twelve configurations for the functionalization of cyclic peptide-gold nanoparticle(CPAuNP) with gemcitabine(GEM) anticancer drug were investigated(CPAuNP/GEM1-12). Structural and electronic properties have been studied in gas phase and aqueous solution at M06-2 X/6-31 g(d,p). The energetic stability of CPAuNP/GEM1-12 was confirmed by the calculation of binding energies. Since the solubility of drug, CP and AuNP increases in CPAuNP/GEM1-12, cyclic peptide-gold nanoparticle could be used as an appropriate drug delivery system. Quantum molecular descriptors such as electrophilicity power and global hardness demonstrated that the reactivity of CP and GEM drug increases in CPAuNP/GEM1-12 configurations. The AIM analysis for CPAuNP/GEM1-12 indicated that the Au-L(L = H, O, F, C, N) interactions and intermolecular hydrogen bonds play important roles in this drug delivery system. All Au-Au and some of Au-L interactions are related to medium interactions. The most stable configurations are those in which GEM drug is parallel to the CPAuNP and interacts simultaneously with AuNP and CP.
文摘At present,global industrial structure adjustment accelerates,infrastructure construction is still booming,and developing countries are vigorously promoting the industrialization and urbanization,all providing great opportunities for international cooperation on capacity and equipment manufacturing.In May 2015,the'Guiding Opinions of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China on Promoting
基金Supported by Defense Industrial Technology Development Program(JCKY2017602C016)。
文摘Unmanned weapons have great potential to be widely used in future wars.The gaze-based aiming technology can be applied to control pan-tilt weapon systems remotely with high precision and efficiency.Gaze direction is related to head motion,which is a combination of head and eye movements.In this paper,a head motion detection method is proposed,which is based on the fusion of inertial and vision information.The inertial sensors can measure rotation in high-frequency with good performance,while vision sensors are able to eliminate drifts.By combining the characteristics of both sensors,the proposed approach achieves the effect of highfrequency,real-time,and drift-free head motion detection.The experiments show that our method can smooth the outputs,constrain drifts of inertial measurements,and achieve high detection accuracy.
文摘In the course of using precise visual instrument, aiming precision is an important parameter to analyze the measurement error. Usually, instrument calibrated error is set down as measurement error. In the paper, the precision theory of TC2003 theodolite is analyzed and some aiming experiments is done for different width line. Then, the relations between the width of line and aiming precision are shown by different aiming methods of two superposition solid lines and one line clipped by double lines. Finally, an effective method to improve aiming precision is proposed which adopts the aiming method of one line clipped by double lines.
文摘The rural minimum living security system has the function ofguaranteeing the basic right of life, maintaining social stability and promoting social fairness. In the course of practice, the minimum living guarantee system has also created the problem that hinders its normal function, This paper, based on the rural subsistence allowances policy itself, the implementation of the main body, the object, the system of social environment and other aspects of the operation of rural subsistence allowances in recent years, the problems and causes of the study carried out, and on this basis, Rural low subsistence allowances research and development direction of the future, with a view to the rural minimum living system of further theoretical research, the specific practice to provide reference.
文摘China's entry into the WTO means that Chinese enterprises stepped onto the "big competition arena of WTO". Accession to the WTO brought fierce challenge to all Chinese enterprises. For some enterprises, it is even a crisis; but on the other hand, it provides us broader markets and more developing opportunities. Whether challenge or opportunities. the key is how we shall cope with them. Just like a sword. advantages or disadvantages depend whether it's on the edge or handle that we are holding. Perhaps s...
文摘This paper describes the HN-5Aman-portable air defense missilesystem which contains the HN-5Aweapon,test equipment and train-ing simulator.Compared with simi-lar missiles,it has more powerfulwarhead,its seeker reticle is coatedwith optical filter film,and its de-tector is equipped with cooling de-vices.Moreover,the paper alsopoints out the trends of the im-provement and development of HN-5A system.
文摘Quaternion realization of aiming stabilization of the mobile weapon is considered.Gyro compassing combined with an inclinometer is used for the measurement of the initial chassis orientation in respect of the geographical north and the horizontal plane.The same 3D gyroscope is used for the measurement of the subsequent incremental change of the chassis orientation.The goal of the proposed stabilization is to maintain the aiming geo coordinates generated by the fire control system while moving in an uneven terrain.
文摘 Established on June 26, 1986 by the consolidation of four former CAS subordinates (namely,the Office of Policy Research, Division of Management Science, Editorial Department of the Journal of Dialectics of Nature, and Section of Optimization and Overall Planning under the CAS Institute of Applied Mathematics), the Institute of Policy and Management (IPM), CAS, is characterized by interdisciplinary studies of social and natural sciences. It applies itself to theoretical, methodological and applied research into national strategies, policies and management for S&T development. It also provides consultancy services for government departments, local authorities and CAS on issues concerning S&T development, social and economic growth, S&T management and administration of enterprises.……
文摘本文通过中层大气高空冰探测器(Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere,AIM)卫星的仪器载荷——用于云成像和粒子实验的探测器(Cloud Imaging and Particle Size,CIPS)和用于冰晶实验的太阳掩星探测器(Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment,SOFIE)在2007—2014年间南、北半球的观测数据,分析了2007—2014年间夜光云的反照率、冰水含量(ice water content,IWC)、每日发生率及中层顶温度在南、北半球的变化趋势,讨论了夜光云发生位置和年变化,并且对夜光云反照率、中层顶温度和IWC的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:南、北半球夜光云主要发生在80°~85°纬度范围内,与南半球相比,北半球夜光云反照率持续时间更长、年波动更小、IWC更高且每日发生率更高,而南半球90°W~150°W位置的反照率总是较低;南、北半球夜光云反照率和IWC均与中层顶温度之间存在负相关关系,但反照率和冰水含量相关性表现不明显。本文的研究结果为夜光云作为中间层大气变化的敏感指标提供了量化依据;同时,南、北半球夜光云的差异特性有助于改进气候模型,对理解长期气候变化中的半球不对称响应具有参考意义。
