Although eye problems can occur at any age, they are often common from the age of 40. Eye diseases with a prevalence associated with age and aging will continue to increase in the coming years. Most studies conducted ...Although eye problems can occur at any age, they are often common from the age of 40. Eye diseases with a prevalence associated with age and aging will continue to increase in the coming years. Most studies conducted on problems in middle-aged people have focused on visual disorders without taking into account all the ocular morbidities that may affect this segment of the population, hence the present study, the aim of which is to determine the proportions of different eye diseases in people aged 40 and over. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the ophthalmology department covering the period from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Results: In total, we collected 828 patients aged 40 and over out of 1811 patients who received ophthalmological consultation during the study period, representing 45.72%. The most represented age group was 40 - 50 years, with an average age of 58.84 years and a maximum of 93 years. There were slightly more women (62.3%) than men (37.7%). The main reasons for consultation were decreased visual acuity (26.4%) and pruritus (19.9%). The main eye diseases diagnosed were cataracts (23%), allergic conjunctivitis (21.1%), and bacterial conjunctivitis (14.2%). Discussions: The predominance of cataracts in the diagnosed diseases confirms the literature data, according to which the main eye morbidities in middle-aged and elderly people are cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Conclusion: It is crucial to have a mastery of these epidemiological data of eye diseases in order to adapt the technical platforms of eye care structures to the needs of different segments of the population.展开更多
Icariin is a natural product that possesses numerous pharmaceutical properties.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which icariin prevents ferroptosis in aged-related osteoporosis.Firstly,mR...Icariin is a natural product that possesses numerous pharmaceutical properties.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which icariin prevents ferroptosis in aged-related osteoporosis.Firstly,mRNA transcriptomics was used to analyze differentially expressed genes and ferroptosis markers.Next,a weighted correlation network analysis was conducted on these genes.Then,common genes among ferroptosis,Yinyanghuo,and differentially expressed genes were identified as target genes.Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics were analyzed to evaluate expression changes of target genes in bone marrow.Furthermore,to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis,MC3T3-E1 cells were used to model the preventive effects of icariin in vitro,and ferroptosis markers and mitochondrial function were both examined.In vivo,4-month-old mice were fed a diet containing icariin for 14 months,following which bone proteomics was assessed to identify essential proteins.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry assays were performed on mouse femurs.Finally,Western blot and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analyses were performed to analyze the effects of icariin on ferroptosis target biomarkers.Ptgs2 and Hmox1 were identified as target genes related to both icariin and ferroptosis.The expression of ferroptosis-related genes was up-regulated with age.Moreover,single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analyses revealed that up-regulation of these two genes inhibited osteogenic capability.The results of the in vitro experiments indicated that icariin mitigated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and β-galactosidase.Similarly,icariin prevented aberrant changes in the levels of ferroptosis-related proteins,consistent with the results of the in vivo experiments.Specifically,10 mg/(kg·day)of icariin inhibited ferroptosis and osteoporosis in aged mice.Overall,this study revealed that icariin could serve as a dietary supplement to prevent age-induced osteoporosis.Furthermore,Ptgs2 and Hmox1 were identified as ferroptosis-related targets through which icariin exerts its protective effects.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the research progress of bio-oil properties and hot rejuvenation behavior and mechanism to aged asphalt.The preparation process,composition characteristics of b...The objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the research progress of bio-oil properties and hot rejuvenation behavior and mechanism to aged asphalt.The preparation process,composition characteristics of bio-oils and their component correspondence with petroleum asphalt were compared.The diffusion and fusion effects of various bio-oils in aged asphalt were introduced.Bio-oil cannot be used as a direct alternative of petroleum asphalt,but it has the potential to effectively rejuvenate aged asphalt binders due to the component similarity with petroleum asphalt and good diffusion properties.For the asphalt rejuvenation,the functionalization treatment methods of bio-oil were discussed such as purification,composition modification and component conversion.The active groups and derivatives in bio-oil can be converted into the missing components of the aged binder through phenolate,grafting,polycondensation,resinifying,but the conversion process and mechanism are still unclear.From the perspectives of diffusion behavior,components regulation,dissolving asphaltene and micro-rejuvenation effect,the rejuvenation behavior and mechanism of bio-oil on aged asphalt were elaborated,and the effects of various types of bio-oil and aged asphalt on rejuvenation behavior were analyzed.The preparation process and dosage of bio-rejuvenator were summarized.The rejuvenation effects of bio-oil on aged asphalt were comprehensively investigated from the aspects of high and low temperature performances,rheological properties,microstructure and chemical composition of bio-rejuvenated asphalt binders.Finally,the limitations of bio-oil used as asphalt rejuvenators were discussed,and future research directions were prospected,which can provide reference and theoretical basis for the development of high-performance bio-oil rejuvenating agents and the engineering application of bio-oil to improve the properties of aged asphalt materials.展开更多
BACKGROUND We previously identified miR-10b-5p as a key regulator of gastrointestinal(GI)motility through its essential role in the development and function of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC),the pacemaker cells of t...BACKGROUND We previously identified miR-10b-5p as a key regulator of gastrointestinal(GI)motility through its essential role in the development and function of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC),the pacemaker cells of the gut.Loss of miR-10b-5p in ICC im-pairs intestinal motility and contributes to constipation,a common condition in the elderly.Notably,miR-10b-5p is co-expressed with its paralog,miR-10a-5p,in ICC.AIM To investigate the roles of miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p in age-associated intestinal dysmotility and assess the therapeutic potential of restoring their expression.METHODS We employed aged mice,mir-10a and mir-10b single and double knockout(KO)models,and human plasma and colon samples across age groups.GI and colonic transit,ICC network integrity,and expression levels of miR-10a/b-5p were eva-luated.Additionally,we tested whether treatment with their microRNA mimics could restore GI motility in aged mice.RESULTS Aged mice exhibited delayed GI and colonic transit,reduced fecal output,and diminished expression of miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p,which peaked during late embryonic and early postnatal stages and declined with age.This decline para-lleled ICC network deterioration in the colon.All KO models exhibited impaired motility and ICC loss,with mir-10a KO mice displaying more severe phenotypes than mir-10b KO mice.Double KO mice demonstrated growth retardation and reduced survival,with homozygous mutants living only up to 3 months.Treatment of aged mice with miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p mimics encapsu-lated in jetPEI significantly improved GI and colonic motility.Successful delivery to the gut,including the colon,was confirmed.In human samples,both miR-10a/b-5p and KIT expression decreased with age.CONCLUSION miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p are essential for ICC maintenance and colonic motility,and their age-related decline contributes to GI dysmotility in both mice and humans.Restoring their levels offers a promising therapeutic stra-tegy for treating age-related constipation and other motility disorders.展开更多
The widespread production and use of plastic products have highlighted the ecological risks of microplastics(MPs).MPs,mainly as microfibers(MFs),can carry various pollutants,and their properties may change over time,p...The widespread production and use of plastic products have highlighted the ecological risks of microplastics(MPs).MPs,mainly as microfibers(MFs),can carry various pollutants,and their properties may change over time,potentially affecting their interactions with pollutants.This study aims to compare the combined toxicity effects of virgin and aged MFs with the common heavy metal copper(Cu).Gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio were exposed to 1 mg/L of virgin and aged polyacrylonitrile MFs(PanMfs)separately and in combination with Cu(0.5-mg/L copper sulfate)for 21 d.Results show that both aged and virgin PanMfs significantly reduced Cu accumulation in gibel carp,with no notable difference.Cu adversely affected the carp's intestine and liver,while PanMfs alone had minimal histological impact but notably mitigated intestinal damage caused by Cu.Enzyme activity and gene expression analysis indicated that both PanMfs and Cu exposure,alone or combined,compromised gibel carp's antioxidant capacity,digestive and liver functions,induced inflammation,and affected liver metabolism and intestinal immune response.Integrated biomarker response analysis of enzyme activity and gene expression showed that combined Cu and PanMfs exposure had a stronger impact on gibel carp than individual exposure.However,whether exposed individually or in combination,aged PanMfs had a slightly greater impact than virgin PanMfs.This study showed that PanMfs alone exhibit minimal toxic effects on gibel carp but significantly modify Cu toxicity,with negligible differences between aged and virgin PanMfs except for slight disparities in enzyme activity and gene expression.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease(AD),the most prevalent form of dementia,disproportionately affects the elderly population.While aging is widely recognized as a major risk factor for AD,the precise mechanisms by which aging co...Alzheimer's disease(AD),the most prevalent form of dementia,disproportionately affects the elderly population.While aging is widely recognized as a major risk factor for AD,the precise mechanisms by which aging contributes to the pathogenesis of AD remain poorly understood.In our previous work,the neuropathological changes in the brains of aged cynomolgus monkeys(≥18 years old)following parenchymal cerebral injection of amyloid-β oligomers(AβOs)have been characterized.Here,we extend our investigation to middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys(≤15 years old)to establish an AD model.Surprisingly,immunohistochemical analysis reveals no detectable AD-related pathology in the brains of middle-aged monkeys,even after AβOs injection.In a comprehensive pathological analysis of 38 monkeys,we observe that the amyloid-β(Aβ)burden increases significantly with advancing age.Notably,the density of Aβ plaques is markedly higher in the ventral regions compared with the dorsal regions of aged monkey brains.Furthermore,we demonstrate that tau phosphorylation coincides with the accumulation of extensive Aβplaques and exhibits a positive correlation with Aβ burden in aged monkeys.Collectively,these findings underscore the critical role of the aged brain in providing the necessary conditions for AβO-induced AD pathologies in cynomolgus monkeys.展开更多
The Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)causes Japanese encephalitis(JE),a severe disease that primarily affects children and induces significant central nervous system complications.With the widespread adoption of vaccin...The Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)causes Japanese encephalitis(JE),a severe disease that primarily affects children and induces significant central nervous system complications.With the widespread adoption of vaccination in children,the incidence among older individuals has increased substantially.Despite this epidemiological shift,research on JEV infection in the elderly remains limited.We established JEV infection models using both aged and young mice to explore age-related differences in pathology and underlying mechanisms.Brain tissue samples were analyzed for pathological changes and viral tropism in major cell types.To further characterize immune response variations,we conducted transcriptomic sequencing on the brain tissues following JEV infection.Aged mice exhibited lower mortality,delayed disease progression,and milder brain pathology compared to young mice after JEV infection.Viral titers and infection rates of major brain cell types were similar in both groups.Transcriptomic analysis revealed diminished immune activation and weaker inflammatory responses in aged mice.Additionally,microglial activation and CD8^(+) T cell function were significantly reduced.Interestingly,JEV infection induced the selective recruitment of B cells in the brains of aged mice.These B cells may modulate the effects of CD8^(+) T cells in the disease process.Compared to young mice,aged mice showed enhanced resistance to JEV progression and reduced brain pathology.This resistance was associated with a weakened immune response in the aged brain,rather than differences in viral infection.The specific recruitment of B cells in the brains of aged mice may play a crucial role in limiting disease progression.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to explore the readiness for advance care planning(ACP)among older adults in Macao’s day service centers and investigate the influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducte...Objective:This study aimed to explore the readiness for advance care planning(ACP)among older adults in Macao’s day service centers and investigate the influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2022 using a convenience sampling method.A total of 312 older adults were selected from 13 day service centers for older adults in Macao,China.The Advance Care Planning Acceptance Questionnaire and the Family Adaptation,Partnership,Growth,Affection,Resolve(APGAR)Scale were used to survey the older adults.Results:A total of 306 older adults completed the survey.The score for advance care planning readiness was 65.55±10.69,and 59.5%of participants(n=182)were willing to participate in ACP.The family function score was 7.24±2.51,while 70.3%of participants were from a highly functional family.The higher family function indicating a higher readiness for advance care planning(r=0.396,P<0.001).The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the variables“age,”“knowledge of ACP,”“experience with ACP,”and“received resuscitation of yourself,relatives or friends”combined with“family function”can influence advance care planning readiness among older adults(R^(2)=0.317,F=27.898,P<0.001).Conclusions:Older adults in Macao’s day service centers were willing to engage in ACP.The importance of family involvement is highlighted in the ACP readiness.Health education and improved family communication are vital for promoting ACP,which ensures individuals receive care when they lack the capacity to make that choice.Additionally,healthcare professionals should enhance communication and education with older adults during the medical care process.展开更多
In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers su...In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.展开更多
Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explo...Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explore the trajectories of total sleep duration and PA among middle-aged and older Chinese adults and their impact on CVD risk.Methods This study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.12009 adults aged 45 years and older from five waves were included.CVD events were measured by self-reports of heart disease and stroke.We first used groupbased trajectory modeling to identify total sleep duration and PA trajectories from 2011 to 2020,and then employed logistic regression models to analyze their risk for CVD.Results We identified three sleep duration and PA trajectories.The risk of heart disease increased by 33%(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.12-1.53)for the short sleep duration trajectory(vs.moderate sleep duration trajectory),by 40%(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.06-1.84)for the high decreasing PA trajectory,and by 20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.01-1.42)for the low stable PA trajectory(vs.high stable PA trajectory),respectively.Similar results for stroke and CVD as the outcomes were also observed,but the higher risk of stroke in the high decreasing PA trajectory group was not statistically significant.The joint effects of sleep and PA showed lower risks of heart disease and stroke in trajectories with moderate or long sleep duration and high stable PA compared with short sleep duration and a low stable PA trajectory.Conclusions Short total sleep duration,high decreasing PA,and low stable PA trajectories could increase the risk of CVDs among middle-aged and older adults.Long-term moderate to long total sleep durations and high stable PA trajectories might be optimal for preventing CVDs.展开更多
The therapeutic principle of clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization was adopted in 107 middle-aged and senile patients with ventricular premature beat of coronary heart disease on the basis of pathogen...The therapeutic principle of clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization was adopted in 107 middle-aged and senile patients with ventricular premature beat of coronary heart disease on the basis of pathogenic features of phlegm, heat, blood stasis and deficiency in this condition. Qing Xin An Shen Fang ([symbol: see text] a formula for clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization) was used in the treatment group and compared with mexiletine and Fu Fang Dan Shen Tablets ([symbol: see text] Compound Salvia Tablets) used in the control group. The results turned to be that the markedly effective rate was 85.1% and the total effective rate 96.3% in the treated group, better than that in the control group, with the former having a good antihypertensive and antihyperlipemic effect and an effect of improving microcirculation and clinical symptoms.展开更多
BACKGROUND According to the guidelines in the United States,individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer should be screened at the age of 40 years.Data on the prevalence of adenomas and sessile serrated lesi...BACKGROUND According to the guidelines in the United States,individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer should be screened at the age of 40 years.Data on the prevalence of adenomas and sessile serrated lesions(SSLs)in individuals aged 40-49 years in Japan are lacking.AIM To investigate the effect of family history on the detection of adenomas and SSLs during colonoscopy in Japan.METHODS This retrospective,single-center cohort study included individuals aged 40-79 years who underwent colonoscopy by expert endoscopists with an adenoma detection rate(ADR)≥40%between 2021 and 2024.The ADR and adenoma plus SSL detection rate(ASDR)were investigated according to age.Multivariable analyses were performed to examine the effects of first-degree family history of colorectal cancer,fecal immunochemical test,and sex on the ADR and ASDR for each age group.A binomial logistic regression model was used.RESULTS In 10248 participants,the overall ADR and ASDR were 53.6%and 59.1%,respectively.The ADR and ASDR increased with age.Among 2317 participants aged 40-49 years,the presence of a family history significantly increased the ADR(47.6%vs 38.2%).The odds ratio of a family history for the ADR adjusted by sex and fecal immunochemical test was 1.59(95%confidence interval:1.13-2.25).In contrast,there was no significant association between the ADR and family history in participants aged 50-59,60-69,and 70-79 years.Similarly,a family history significantly increased the ASDR(58.0%vs 43.7%)in participants aged 40-49 years.The odds ratio of a family history for the ASDR was 1.92(95%confidence interval:1.36-2.71).CONCLUSION Participants with a family history exhibited significantly elevated ADR(47.6%)and ASDR(58.0%),in their 40s.Individuals with a family history should initiate colonoscopy at 40 years old.展开更多
Objective:Advanced maternal age is associated with reduced ovarian reserve and lower oocyte quality.Whether body mass index(BMI)further influences assisted reproductive technology(ART)outcomes in this population remai...Objective:Advanced maternal age is associated with reduced ovarian reserve and lower oocyte quality.Whether body mass index(BMI)further influences assisted reproductive technology(ART)outcomes in this population remains unclear.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed 222 patients aged≥37 years who underwentin vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection with embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET)at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between January 2019 and December 2023.Patients were classified by BMI as underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2);n=13),normal(18.5-24.9 kg/m^(2);n=154),or overweight(>24.9 kg/m^(2);n=55).Controlled ovarian stimulation protocols were individualized according to ovarian reserve.Laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared across groups,and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with clinical pregnancy and live birth.Results:BMI,total gonadotropin dose,and use of IVFvs.ICSI differed among groups(allP<0.05).However,oocyte retrieval rate,metaphase II(MII)oocyte rate,cleavage rate,available embryo rate,high-quality embryo rate,biochemical pregnancy rate,clinical pregnancy rate,live birth rate,and miscarriage rate showed no significant differences(allP>0.05).In multivariable analysis,age,infertility duration,and progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)trigger were independent predictors of clinical pregnancy.Moreover,age and progesterone level on the hCG day were independently associated predictors of live birth(allP<0.05).Conclusions:Among women aged≥37 years,higher BMI did not significantly affect key laboratory or pregnancy outcomes after IVF/ICSI-ET.Clinical results were mainly influenced by age,infertility duration,and progesterone level on the hCG trigger day.展开更多
42 middle-aged and old people at the age between 55-70 years were selected and given the warm needling at Zusanli (ST 36), and their IL-2 and NO contents of peripheral blood before and after acupuncture were determine...42 middle-aged and old people at the age between 55-70 years were selected and given the warm needling at Zusanli (ST 36), and their IL-2 and NO contents of peripheral blood before and after acupuncture were determined. The results showed that IL-2 and NO contents increased significantly after the warm needling (P<0.01).展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effects of Ving Tsun(VT)sticking-hand training on upper-limb joint position sense and muscular performance in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.Methods:Thirty-three adults were ...Objective:To evaluate the effects of Ving Tsun(VT)sticking-hand training on upper-limb joint position sense and muscular performance in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.Methods:Thirty-three adults were randomly allocated to either a VT group or a control group.The VT group received VT sticking-hand training twice per week for 3 months.Measurements were taken before and after the intervention period.The primary outcome was elbow-joint repositioning error,which was measured by an elbow-joint passive positioning and active repositioning test using a universal goniometer.Secondary outcomes were upper-limb muscles'peak force and time taken to reach peak force as measured by a hand-held dynamometer.Results:No significant time,group or time-by-group interaction effects were found for elbow-joint repositioning error or upper-limb muscle peak force outcomes.Shoulder flexor time to peak force decreased by 33.8%from pre-test to post-test in the VT group(P=0.007).Shoulder abductor,internal and external rotator,and elbow extensor times to peak force decreased by 30.0%-35.9%in the VT%roup(P<0.05)and by 30.4%-37.1%in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:VT sticking-hand training does not improve elbow-joint position sense or the maximum strength of upper-limb muscles in middle-aged and older adults.However,VT can improve shoulder flexor muscles'time to reach peak force in these populations.VT had no obvious effect on the time required to reach peak force in other shoulder muscles and elbow extensors.展开更多
A buttress on the need for welfare program in Nigeria and the important obligation to consider the Economics’and CIA’s contextual position for the dependency ratios,both total and elderly dependency ratio alongside ...A buttress on the need for welfare program in Nigeria and the important obligation to consider the Economics’and CIA’s contextual position for the dependency ratios,both total and elderly dependency ratio alongside the consideration of the age structure and demography statistics of Nigeria relatively to other economies,particularly as an elixir for the declining older population in Nigeria and the aged male contraction in the nation.Although,older female population is higher in every country as obtainable globally,the Nigerian case is that of drastic contraction in both aged male and older population generally.Therefore,the submission is that the government has to consider the total dependency ratio to the elderly dependency ratio,which is all-encompassing in order to cater for the declining older population and to appropriate the requisite welfare cum benefits programs in the nation.展开更多
A series of tests were carried microstructures of 2124 aluminum alloy in increase of aging time, temperature and low-to-peak-to-low manner. No significant out to investigate the effects of process parameters on mechan...A series of tests were carried microstructures of 2124 aluminum alloy in increase of aging time, temperature and low-to-peak-to-low manner. No significant out to investigate the effects of process parameters on mechanical properties and creep aging process. The results show that creep strain and creep rate increase with the applied stress. The hardness of specimen varies with aging time and stress in a effect of temperature on hardness of material is seen in the range of 185-195 ℃. The optimum mechanical properties are obtained at the conditions of （200 MPa, 185 ℃, 8 h） as the result of the coexistence of strengthening S＂ and S＇ phases in the matrix by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. TEM observation shows that applied stress promotes the formation and growth of precioitates and no obvious stress orientation effect is observed in the matrix.展开更多
Objective Evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes （T2DM） is associated with an increased risk of dementia and that glucose variability is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. This study investigated...Objective Evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes （T2DM） is associated with an increased risk of dementia and that glucose variability is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. This study investigated the relationship between glucose excursion and cognitive function in aged T2DM patients. Methods A total of 248 aged T2DM patients wore a continuous glucose monitoring system （CGMS） for 3 days in order to evaluate glucose excursion, including mean amplitude of glycemic excursions （MAGE） and mean of daily difference （MODD）. All subjects were evaluated with a number of accepted cognitive function tests, including the mini-mental status examination （MMSE）. The relationship between MAGE and MODD and performance on these cognitive tests was assessed. Results The MAGE and MMSE score were negatively correlated, likewise with the correlation between MODD and MMSE. Liner multivariate regression analysis showed that MAGE and MODD were also negatively related to MMSE independent of age, sex, glycemic control, hypertension, smoking, or coronary heart disease history. Conclusion Glucose excursion is related to cognitive function in aged T2DM patients. Elevated glucose excursion decreased the MMSE score, which reflects general cognitive function. Thus, therapy aimed at controlling glucose excursion may be beneficial for maintaining cognitive function in aged T2DM patients.展开更多
While most types of malignancies remain recalcitrant to treatment, application of natural products or their analogs in daily life has offered some hopes as an effective prophylaxis against cancer onset and progression...While most types of malignancies remain recalcitrant to treatment, application of natural products or their analogs in daily life has offered some hopes as an effective prophylaxis against cancer onset and progression in the past decades. Emerging evidence supports a link between garlic consumption and decreased cancer incidence. Notably, aged garlic extract(AGE) exhibits stronger anti-cancer activities than that of fresh garlic, by virtue of enrichment of several AGE-specific organosulfur compounds, including S-allylmercaptocysteine(SAMC). In this review, we summarize the up-to-date mechanistic pathways associated with the anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effects of SAMC in various cancer models. Based upon the proven safety and improved understanding on its anti-neoplastic properties, SAMC has gained recognition as a promising daily food supplement for cancer prevention or management.展开更多
文摘Although eye problems can occur at any age, they are often common from the age of 40. Eye diseases with a prevalence associated with age and aging will continue to increase in the coming years. Most studies conducted on problems in middle-aged people have focused on visual disorders without taking into account all the ocular morbidities that may affect this segment of the population, hence the present study, the aim of which is to determine the proportions of different eye diseases in people aged 40 and over. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the ophthalmology department covering the period from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Results: In total, we collected 828 patients aged 40 and over out of 1811 patients who received ophthalmological consultation during the study period, representing 45.72%. The most represented age group was 40 - 50 years, with an average age of 58.84 years and a maximum of 93 years. There were slightly more women (62.3%) than men (37.7%). The main reasons for consultation were decreased visual acuity (26.4%) and pruritus (19.9%). The main eye diseases diagnosed were cataracts (23%), allergic conjunctivitis (21.1%), and bacterial conjunctivitis (14.2%). Discussions: The predominance of cataracts in the diagnosed diseases confirms the literature data, according to which the main eye morbidities in middle-aged and elderly people are cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Conclusion: It is crucial to have a mastery of these epidemiological data of eye diseases in order to adapt the technical platforms of eye care structures to the needs of different segments of the population.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2021CFB414)Scientific Research Program of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Hubei Provincial Health and Wellness Commission(ZY2021M074).
文摘Icariin is a natural product that possesses numerous pharmaceutical properties.Thus,this study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism by which icariin prevents ferroptosis in aged-related osteoporosis.Firstly,mRNA transcriptomics was used to analyze differentially expressed genes and ferroptosis markers.Next,a weighted correlation network analysis was conducted on these genes.Then,common genes among ferroptosis,Yinyanghuo,and differentially expressed genes were identified as target genes.Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics were analyzed to evaluate expression changes of target genes in bone marrow.Furthermore,to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis,MC3T3-E1 cells were used to model the preventive effects of icariin in vitro,and ferroptosis markers and mitochondrial function were both examined.In vivo,4-month-old mice were fed a diet containing icariin for 14 months,following which bone proteomics was assessed to identify essential proteins.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry assays were performed on mouse femurs.Finally,Western blot and polymerase chain reaction(PCR)analyses were performed to analyze the effects of icariin on ferroptosis target biomarkers.Ptgs2 and Hmox1 were identified as target genes related to both icariin and ferroptosis.The expression of ferroptosis-related genes was up-regulated with age.Moreover,single-cell and spatial transcriptomics analyses revealed that up-regulation of these two genes inhibited osteogenic capability.The results of the in vitro experiments indicated that icariin mitigated the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and β-galactosidase.Similarly,icariin prevented aberrant changes in the levels of ferroptosis-related proteins,consistent with the results of the in vivo experiments.Specifically,10 mg/(kg·day)of icariin inhibited ferroptosis and osteoporosis in aged mice.Overall,this study revealed that icariin could serve as a dietary supplement to prevent age-induced osteoporosis.Furthermore,Ptgs2 and Hmox1 were identified as ferroptosis-related targets through which icariin exerts its protective effects.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378432 and 52278426)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2022SF-169).
文摘The objective of this paper is to comprehensively review the research progress of bio-oil properties and hot rejuvenation behavior and mechanism to aged asphalt.The preparation process,composition characteristics of bio-oils and their component correspondence with petroleum asphalt were compared.The diffusion and fusion effects of various bio-oils in aged asphalt were introduced.Bio-oil cannot be used as a direct alternative of petroleum asphalt,but it has the potential to effectively rejuvenate aged asphalt binders due to the component similarity with petroleum asphalt and good diffusion properties.For the asphalt rejuvenation,the functionalization treatment methods of bio-oil were discussed such as purification,composition modification and component conversion.The active groups and derivatives in bio-oil can be converted into the missing components of the aged binder through phenolate,grafting,polycondensation,resinifying,but the conversion process and mechanism are still unclear.From the perspectives of diffusion behavior,components regulation,dissolving asphaltene and micro-rejuvenation effect,the rejuvenation behavior and mechanism of bio-oil on aged asphalt were elaborated,and the effects of various types of bio-oil and aged asphalt on rejuvenation behavior were analyzed.The preparation process and dosage of bio-rejuvenator were summarized.The rejuvenation effects of bio-oil on aged asphalt were comprehensively investigated from the aspects of high and low temperature performances,rheological properties,microstructure and chemical composition of bio-rejuvenated asphalt binders.Finally,the limitations of bio-oil used as asphalt rejuvenators were discussed,and future research directions were prospected,which can provide reference and theoretical basis for the development of high-performance bio-oil rejuvenating agents and the engineering application of bio-oil to improve the properties of aged asphalt materials.
基金Supported by National Institutes of Health Grants,No.R01DK103055(to Ro S)RosVivo Therapeutics,No.AWD-01-00003158(to Ro S)the National Research Foundation of Korea Grant Funded by the Korean Government(MSIT),No.NRF-2021R1C1C2006743(to Kim MS)and No.NRF-2021R1A2C1095311(to Lee MY).
文摘BACKGROUND We previously identified miR-10b-5p as a key regulator of gastrointestinal(GI)motility through its essential role in the development and function of interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC),the pacemaker cells of the gut.Loss of miR-10b-5p in ICC im-pairs intestinal motility and contributes to constipation,a common condition in the elderly.Notably,miR-10b-5p is co-expressed with its paralog,miR-10a-5p,in ICC.AIM To investigate the roles of miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p in age-associated intestinal dysmotility and assess the therapeutic potential of restoring their expression.METHODS We employed aged mice,mir-10a and mir-10b single and double knockout(KO)models,and human plasma and colon samples across age groups.GI and colonic transit,ICC network integrity,and expression levels of miR-10a/b-5p were eva-luated.Additionally,we tested whether treatment with their microRNA mimics could restore GI motility in aged mice.RESULTS Aged mice exhibited delayed GI and colonic transit,reduced fecal output,and diminished expression of miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p,which peaked during late embryonic and early postnatal stages and declined with age.This decline para-lleled ICC network deterioration in the colon.All KO models exhibited impaired motility and ICC loss,with mir-10a KO mice displaying more severe phenotypes than mir-10b KO mice.Double KO mice demonstrated growth retardation and reduced survival,with homozygous mutants living only up to 3 months.Treatment of aged mice with miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p mimics encapsu-lated in jetPEI significantly improved GI and colonic motility.Successful delivery to the gut,including the colon,was confirmed.In human samples,both miR-10a/b-5p and KIT expression decreased with age.CONCLUSION miR-10a-5p and miR-10b-5p are essential for ICC maintenance and colonic motility,and their age-related decline contributes to GI dysmotility in both mice and humans.Restoring their levels offers a promising therapeutic stra-tegy for treating age-related constipation and other motility disorders.
基金Supported by the High-level Talent Program of Yangzhou University to Yingying ZHANG。
文摘The widespread production and use of plastic products have highlighted the ecological risks of microplastics(MPs).MPs,mainly as microfibers(MFs),can carry various pollutants,and their properties may change over time,potentially affecting their interactions with pollutants.This study aims to compare the combined toxicity effects of virgin and aged MFs with the common heavy metal copper(Cu).Gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio were exposed to 1 mg/L of virgin and aged polyacrylonitrile MFs(PanMfs)separately and in combination with Cu(0.5-mg/L copper sulfate)for 21 d.Results show that both aged and virgin PanMfs significantly reduced Cu accumulation in gibel carp,with no notable difference.Cu adversely affected the carp's intestine and liver,while PanMfs alone had minimal histological impact but notably mitigated intestinal damage caused by Cu.Enzyme activity and gene expression analysis indicated that both PanMfs and Cu exposure,alone or combined,compromised gibel carp's antioxidant capacity,digestive and liver functions,induced inflammation,and affected liver metabolism and intestinal immune response.Integrated biomarker response analysis of enzyme activity and gene expression showed that combined Cu and PanMfs exposure had a stronger impact on gibel carp than individual exposure.However,whether exposed individually or in combination,aged PanMfs had a slightly greater impact than virgin PanMfs.This study showed that PanMfs alone exhibit minimal toxic effects on gibel carp but significantly modify Cu toxicity,with negligible differences between aged and virgin PanMfs except for slight disparities in enzyme activity and gene expression.
基金supported in part by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0801402,2018YFA0107200,2018YFA0801402,2018YFA0800100)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA16020501 and XDA16020404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32130030,31900454,32470866,32471010,32100800)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease(AD),the most prevalent form of dementia,disproportionately affects the elderly population.While aging is widely recognized as a major risk factor for AD,the precise mechanisms by which aging contributes to the pathogenesis of AD remain poorly understood.In our previous work,the neuropathological changes in the brains of aged cynomolgus monkeys(≥18 years old)following parenchymal cerebral injection of amyloid-β oligomers(AβOs)have been characterized.Here,we extend our investigation to middle-aged cynomolgus monkeys(≤15 years old)to establish an AD model.Surprisingly,immunohistochemical analysis reveals no detectable AD-related pathology in the brains of middle-aged monkeys,even after AβOs injection.In a comprehensive pathological analysis of 38 monkeys,we observe that the amyloid-β(Aβ)burden increases significantly with advancing age.Notably,the density of Aβ plaques is markedly higher in the ventral regions compared with the dorsal regions of aged monkey brains.Furthermore,we demonstrate that tau phosphorylation coincides with the accumulation of extensive Aβplaques and exhibits a positive correlation with Aβ burden in aged monkeys.Collectively,these findings underscore the critical role of the aged brain in providing the necessary conditions for AβO-induced AD pathologies in cynomolgus monkeys.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172266to P.G.W.)Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(7232002 to N.G.).
文摘The Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)causes Japanese encephalitis(JE),a severe disease that primarily affects children and induces significant central nervous system complications.With the widespread adoption of vaccination in children,the incidence among older individuals has increased substantially.Despite this epidemiological shift,research on JEV infection in the elderly remains limited.We established JEV infection models using both aged and young mice to explore age-related differences in pathology and underlying mechanisms.Brain tissue samples were analyzed for pathological changes and viral tropism in major cell types.To further characterize immune response variations,we conducted transcriptomic sequencing on the brain tissues following JEV infection.Aged mice exhibited lower mortality,delayed disease progression,and milder brain pathology compared to young mice after JEV infection.Viral titers and infection rates of major brain cell types were similar in both groups.Transcriptomic analysis revealed diminished immune activation and weaker inflammatory responses in aged mice.Additionally,microglial activation and CD8^(+) T cell function were significantly reduced.Interestingly,JEV infection induced the selective recruitment of B cells in the brains of aged mice.These B cells may modulate the effects of CD8^(+) T cells in the disease process.Compared to young mice,aged mice showed enhanced resistance to JEV progression and reduced brain pathology.This resistance was associated with a weakened immune response in the aged brain,rather than differences in viral infection.The specific recruitment of B cells in the brains of aged mice may play a crucial role in limiting disease progression.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to explore the readiness for advance care planning(ACP)among older adults in Macao’s day service centers and investigate the influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2022 using a convenience sampling method.A total of 312 older adults were selected from 13 day service centers for older adults in Macao,China.The Advance Care Planning Acceptance Questionnaire and the Family Adaptation,Partnership,Growth,Affection,Resolve(APGAR)Scale were used to survey the older adults.Results:A total of 306 older adults completed the survey.The score for advance care planning readiness was 65.55±10.69,and 59.5%of participants(n=182)were willing to participate in ACP.The family function score was 7.24±2.51,while 70.3%of participants were from a highly functional family.The higher family function indicating a higher readiness for advance care planning(r=0.396,P<0.001).The multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the variables“age,”“knowledge of ACP,”“experience with ACP,”and“received resuscitation of yourself,relatives or friends”combined with“family function”can influence advance care planning readiness among older adults(R^(2)=0.317,F=27.898,P<0.001).Conclusions:Older adults in Macao’s day service centers were willing to engage in ACP.The importance of family involvement is highlighted in the ACP readiness.Health education and improved family communication are vital for promoting ACP,which ensures individuals receive care when they lack the capacity to make that choice.Additionally,healthcare professionals should enhance communication and education with older adults during the medical care process.
基金supported by the Shanghai New Three-year Action Plan for Public Health(Grant No.GWV-10.1-XK16)the US National Institute on Aging(RO1-AGO34479).
文摘In 2019,China had over 13.14 million dementia cases,with incidence rates of(56.47–207.08)/100,000[1].Early cognitive impairment—a key dementia symptom—reduces quality of life,increases care dependence,and lowers survival in older adults[2].A decline in physical function can also be observed in older adults with increasing age.Grip strength has been shown to be a marker of overall physiological function in older adults.
基金supported by Peking University,the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the National Institute on Aging and the World Bank。
文摘Background It remains unclear whether sleep duration and physical activity(PA)trajectories in middle-aged and older adults are associated with different risks of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs).This study aimed to explore the trajectories of total sleep duration and PA among middle-aged and older Chinese adults and their impact on CVD risk.Methods This study was based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.12009 adults aged 45 years and older from five waves were included.CVD events were measured by self-reports of heart disease and stroke.We first used groupbased trajectory modeling to identify total sleep duration and PA trajectories from 2011 to 2020,and then employed logistic regression models to analyze their risk for CVD.Results We identified three sleep duration and PA trajectories.The risk of heart disease increased by 33%(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.12-1.53)for the short sleep duration trajectory(vs.moderate sleep duration trajectory),by 40%(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.06-1.84)for the high decreasing PA trajectory,and by 20%(OR=1.20,95%CI:1.01-1.42)for the low stable PA trajectory(vs.high stable PA trajectory),respectively.Similar results for stroke and CVD as the outcomes were also observed,but the higher risk of stroke in the high decreasing PA trajectory group was not statistically significant.The joint effects of sleep and PA showed lower risks of heart disease and stroke in trajectories with moderate or long sleep duration and high stable PA compared with short sleep duration and a low stable PA trajectory.Conclusions Short total sleep duration,high decreasing PA,and low stable PA trajectories could increase the risk of CVDs among middle-aged and older adults.Long-term moderate to long total sleep durations and high stable PA trajectories might be optimal for preventing CVDs.
文摘The therapeutic principle of clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization was adopted in 107 middle-aged and senile patients with ventricular premature beat of coronary heart disease on the basis of pathogenic features of phlegm, heat, blood stasis and deficiency in this condition. Qing Xin An Shen Fang ([symbol: see text] a formula for clearing away the heart-heat to induce tranquilization) was used in the treatment group and compared with mexiletine and Fu Fang Dan Shen Tablets ([symbol: see text] Compound Salvia Tablets) used in the control group. The results turned to be that the markedly effective rate was 85.1% and the total effective rate 96.3% in the treated group, better than that in the control group, with the former having a good antihypertensive and antihyperlipemic effect and an effect of improving microcirculation and clinical symptoms.
文摘BACKGROUND According to the guidelines in the United States,individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer should be screened at the age of 40 years.Data on the prevalence of adenomas and sessile serrated lesions(SSLs)in individuals aged 40-49 years in Japan are lacking.AIM To investigate the effect of family history on the detection of adenomas and SSLs during colonoscopy in Japan.METHODS This retrospective,single-center cohort study included individuals aged 40-79 years who underwent colonoscopy by expert endoscopists with an adenoma detection rate(ADR)≥40%between 2021 and 2024.The ADR and adenoma plus SSL detection rate(ASDR)were investigated according to age.Multivariable analyses were performed to examine the effects of first-degree family history of colorectal cancer,fecal immunochemical test,and sex on the ADR and ASDR for each age group.A binomial logistic regression model was used.RESULTS In 10248 participants,the overall ADR and ASDR were 53.6%and 59.1%,respectively.The ADR and ASDR increased with age.Among 2317 participants aged 40-49 years,the presence of a family history significantly increased the ADR(47.6%vs 38.2%).The odds ratio of a family history for the ADR adjusted by sex and fecal immunochemical test was 1.59(95%confidence interval:1.13-2.25).In contrast,there was no significant association between the ADR and family history in participants aged 50-59,60-69,and 70-79 years.Similarly,a family history significantly increased the ASDR(58.0%vs 43.7%)in participants aged 40-49 years.The odds ratio of a family history for the ASDR was 1.92(95%confidence interval:1.36-2.71).CONCLUSION Participants with a family history exhibited significantly elevated ADR(47.6%)and ASDR(58.0%),in their 40s.Individuals with a family history should initiate colonoscopy at 40 years old.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen(3502Z20227342)。
文摘Objective:Advanced maternal age is associated with reduced ovarian reserve and lower oocyte quality.Whether body mass index(BMI)further influences assisted reproductive technology(ART)outcomes in this population remains unclear.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed 222 patients aged≥37 years who underwentin vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection with embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET)at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between January 2019 and December 2023.Patients were classified by BMI as underweight(<18.5 kg/m^(2);n=13),normal(18.5-24.9 kg/m^(2);n=154),or overweight(>24.9 kg/m^(2);n=55).Controlled ovarian stimulation protocols were individualized according to ovarian reserve.Laboratory and clinical outcomes were compared across groups,and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with clinical pregnancy and live birth.Results:BMI,total gonadotropin dose,and use of IVFvs.ICSI differed among groups(allP<0.05).However,oocyte retrieval rate,metaphase II(MII)oocyte rate,cleavage rate,available embryo rate,high-quality embryo rate,biochemical pregnancy rate,clinical pregnancy rate,live birth rate,and miscarriage rate showed no significant differences(allP>0.05).In multivariable analysis,age,infertility duration,and progesterone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)trigger were independent predictors of clinical pregnancy.Moreover,age and progesterone level on the hCG day were independently associated predictors of live birth(allP<0.05).Conclusions:Among women aged≥37 years,higher BMI did not significantly affect key laboratory or pregnancy outcomes after IVF/ICSI-ET.Clinical results were mainly influenced by age,infertility duration,and progesterone level on the hCG trigger day.
文摘42 middle-aged and old people at the age between 55-70 years were selected and given the warm needling at Zusanli (ST 36), and their IL-2 and NO contents of peripheral blood before and after acupuncture were determined. The results showed that IL-2 and NO contents increased significantly after the warm needling (P<0.01).
基金This work was partially supported by the Hong Kong College of Community Medicine(TY Chau Training and Research Scholarship 2017).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effects of Ving Tsun(VT)sticking-hand training on upper-limb joint position sense and muscular performance in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults.Methods:Thirty-three adults were randomly allocated to either a VT group or a control group.The VT group received VT sticking-hand training twice per week for 3 months.Measurements were taken before and after the intervention period.The primary outcome was elbow-joint repositioning error,which was measured by an elbow-joint passive positioning and active repositioning test using a universal goniometer.Secondary outcomes were upper-limb muscles'peak force and time taken to reach peak force as measured by a hand-held dynamometer.Results:No significant time,group or time-by-group interaction effects were found for elbow-joint repositioning error or upper-limb muscle peak force outcomes.Shoulder flexor time to peak force decreased by 33.8%from pre-test to post-test in the VT group(P=0.007).Shoulder abductor,internal and external rotator,and elbow extensor times to peak force decreased by 30.0%-35.9%in the VT%roup(P<0.05)and by 30.4%-37.1%in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:VT sticking-hand training does not improve elbow-joint position sense or the maximum strength of upper-limb muscles in middle-aged and older adults.However,VT can improve shoulder flexor muscles'time to reach peak force in these populations.VT had no obvious effect on the time required to reach peak force in other shoulder muscles and elbow extensors.
文摘A buttress on the need for welfare program in Nigeria and the important obligation to consider the Economics’and CIA’s contextual position for the dependency ratios,both total and elderly dependency ratio alongside the consideration of the age structure and demography statistics of Nigeria relatively to other economies,particularly as an elixir for the declining older population in Nigeria and the aged male contraction in the nation.Although,older female population is higher in every country as obtainable globally,the Nigerian case is that of drastic contraction in both aged male and older population generally.Therefore,the submission is that the government has to consider the total dependency ratio to the elderly dependency ratio,which is all-encompassing in order to cater for the declining older population and to appropriate the requisite welfare cum benefits programs in the nation.
基金Project(51235010)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2010CB731700)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(20120162110003)supported by PhD Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘A series of tests were carried microstructures of 2124 aluminum alloy in increase of aging time, temperature and low-to-peak-to-low manner. No significant out to investigate the effects of process parameters on mechanical properties and creep aging process. The results show that creep strain and creep rate increase with the applied stress. The hardness of specimen varies with aging time and stress in a effect of temperature on hardness of material is seen in the range of 185-195 ℃. The optimum mechanical properties are obtained at the conditions of （200 MPa, 185 ℃, 8 h） as the result of the coexistence of strengthening S＂ and S＇ phases in the matrix by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. TEM observation shows that applied stress promotes the formation and growth of precioitates and no obvious stress orientation effect is observed in the matrix.
基金funded by the Medical College Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai Jiaotong University (09XJ21028)
文摘Objective Evidence suggests that type 2 diabetes （T2DM） is associated with an increased risk of dementia and that glucose variability is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. This study investigated the relationship between glucose excursion and cognitive function in aged T2DM patients. Methods A total of 248 aged T2DM patients wore a continuous glucose monitoring system （CGMS） for 3 days in order to evaluate glucose excursion, including mean amplitude of glycemic excursions （MAGE） and mean of daily difference （MODD）. All subjects were evaluated with a number of accepted cognitive function tests, including the mini-mental status examination （MMSE）. The relationship between MAGE and MODD and performance on these cognitive tests was assessed. Results The MAGE and MMSE score were negatively correlated, likewise with the correlation between MODD and MMSE. Liner multivariate regression analysis showed that MAGE and MODD were also negatively related to MMSE independent of age, sex, glycemic control, hypertension, smoking, or coronary heart disease history. Conclusion Glucose excursion is related to cognitive function in aged T2DM patients. Elevated glucose excursion decreased the MMSE score, which reflects general cognitive function. Thus, therapy aimed at controlling glucose excursion may be beneficial for maintaining cognitive function in aged T2DM patients.
文摘While most types of malignancies remain recalcitrant to treatment, application of natural products or their analogs in daily life has offered some hopes as an effective prophylaxis against cancer onset and progression in the past decades. Emerging evidence supports a link between garlic consumption and decreased cancer incidence. Notably, aged garlic extract(AGE) exhibits stronger anti-cancer activities than that of fresh garlic, by virtue of enrichment of several AGE-specific organosulfur compounds, including S-allylmercaptocysteine(SAMC). In this review, we summarize the up-to-date mechanistic pathways associated with the anti-proliferative, anti-metastatic and pro-apoptotic effects of SAMC in various cancer models. Based upon the proven safety and improved understanding on its anti-neoplastic properties, SAMC has gained recognition as a promising daily food supplement for cancer prevention or management.
