Analyzing the information carriede by seismic waves is a major means for human beings to have an insight into the structure of the earth’s interior,and by using artificial seismic sources to excite seismic waves,we c...Analyzing the information carriede by seismic waves is a major means for human beings to have an insight into the structure of the earth’s interior,and by using artificial seismic sources to excite seismic waves,we can obtain high-resolution images for the crustal and smaller scale medium.Artificial seismic exploration methods have been widely applied to fields such as展开更多
Diabetes is a condition that can come to the surface at any point throughout a person’s life. Although Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes have different triggers that cause them to arise, a person can experience similar comp...Diabetes is a condition that can come to the surface at any point throughout a person’s life. Although Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes have different triggers that cause them to arise, a person can experience similar complications from either if not monitored and treated accordingly. Through the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, it was found that a significant way to monitor diabetes is through glucose levels in a person’s body. The research surrounding glucose monitoring dates to the mid-1800s, with the first successful reagent for glucose testing being developed in 1908. Since then, glucose sensing has become one of the most rapidly growing areas of research and development in biosensor technology, creating a competitive market for more advanced, accurate, and convenient glucose monitoring. This article reviews the history of biosensors used for glucose monitoring, and major advancements in biosensor technology to enhance performance and improve quality of life for patients with diabetes.展开更多
The snapshot Fault Detection(FD)algorithm of Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM)necessitates the allocation of continuity and integrity risk requirements from the operational exposure time level t...The snapshot Fault Detection(FD)algorithm of Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM)necessitates the allocation of continuity and integrity risk requirements from the operational exposure time level to the single epoch level.Current studies primarily focus on finding a conservative Number of Effective Samples(NES)as a risk mapping factor.However,considering that the NES varies with the observation environment and the type of the fault mode,applying a fixed NES can constrain the performance of the algorithm.To address this issue,the continuity and integrity risks over the operational exposure time are analyzed and bounded based on all epochs within the exposure time.A more adaptable method for continuity and integrity budget allocation over the operational exposure time is presented,capable of monitoring the continuity and integrity risks over the recent operational exposure time in real time,and dynamically adjusting the allocation values based on the current observation environment.Simulation results demonstrate that,compared with the allocation method based on a fixed NES,ARAIM based on the proposed allocation method exhibits superior performance in terms of the availability.At an FD execution frequency equal to the required Time-To-Alert(TTA),the dual-constellation H-ARAIM provides 100%of the global coverage with 99.5%availability of the RNP 0.1 service,and the dual-constellation V-ARAIM provides 86.38%of the global coverage with 99.5%availability of the LPV-200 service.展开更多
To meet the exponentially growing demand fbr bandwidth in Optical Transport Networks （OTNs）, 100-Gb/s （100G） coherent technology based oil Polarization-Division Multiplexed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying （PDM-QPSK...To meet the exponentially growing demand fbr bandwidth in Optical Transport Networks （OTNs）, 100-Gb/s （100G） coherent technology based oil Polarization-Division Multiplexed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying （PDM-QPSK）, which enables the capacity of a Wavelength Division Multiplexing （WDM） system to approach 10 Tb/s, is being widely deployed globally. As the first vendor to intro- duce a single-carrier 100G solution, A1- catel-Lucent has developed key transponder and network management technologies, which are reviewed in this paper together with their commercial evolution to 400G. Focusing on the Chinese market, we also review some key bench-mark testing results obtained in partner- ship with major Chinese operators. Finally, we discuss enabling technologies that are currently being researched to allow interfaces to scale to Terabit/s rates.展开更多
Rising sea levels and climate change are reshaping coastal landscapes,exacerbating erosion,and increasing flood frequency,posing serious threats to the ecological balance,economic growth,and the livelihoods of coastal...Rising sea levels and climate change are reshaping coastal landscapes,exacerbating erosion,and increasing flood frequency,posing serious threats to the ecological balance,economic growth,and the livelihoods of coastal city residents[1].This necessitates advanced monitoring to mitigate climate impacts and strengthen coastal resilience.While geophysical methods for first-order coastal properties monitoring have gained traction in academia[2,3],traditional monitoring techniques are limited by sparse and unevenly distributed observation stations,failing to meet the needs for detailed regional monitoring.Moreover,the complex social and cultural environments of coastal cities challenge sustained and intensive monitoring efforts.展开更多
Coastal wetlands,crucial for global biodiversity and climate adaptation,provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon storage and flood protection.These vital areas are increasingly threatened by both natural an...Coastal wetlands,crucial for global biodiversity and climate adaptation,provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon storage and flood protection.These vital areas are increasingly threatened by both natural and human-induced changes,prompting the need for advanced monitoring techniques.This study employs unmanned aerial systems(UASs)equipped with light detection and ranging(LiDAR)and multispectral sensors to survey diverse wetland types across 8 sites in North Carolina.Utilizing high-resolution elevation data and detailed vegetation analysis,coupled with sophisticated machine learning algorithms,we achieved differentiated and highly precise classifications of wetland types.Classification accuracies varied by type,with estuarine intertidal emergent wetlands showing the highest classification accuracies due to less complex vegetation structure and clearer spectral signatures,especially when collections account for tidal influence.In contrast,palustrine forested and scrub-shrub wetlands presented lower accuracies,often due to the denser,mixed,and more complex vegetation structure and variable inundation levels,which complicate spectral differentiation and ground returns from LiDAR sensors.Overall,our integrated UAS-derived LiDAR and multispectral approach not only enhances the accuracy of wetland mapping but also offers a scalable,efficient,and cost-effective method that substantially advances conservation efforts and informs policy-making for coastal resilience.By demonstrating the usefulness of small-scale aerial data collection in ecological mapping,this study highlights the transformative potential of merging advanced technologies in environmental monitoring,underscoring their critical role in sustaining natural habitats and aiding in climate change mitigation strategies.展开更多
文摘Analyzing the information carriede by seismic waves is a major means for human beings to have an insight into the structure of the earth’s interior,and by using artificial seismic sources to excite seismic waves,we can obtain high-resolution images for the crustal and smaller scale medium.Artificial seismic exploration methods have been widely applied to fields such as
文摘Diabetes is a condition that can come to the surface at any point throughout a person’s life. Although Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes have different triggers that cause them to arise, a person can experience similar complications from either if not monitored and treated accordingly. Through the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, it was found that a significant way to monitor diabetes is through glucose levels in a person’s body. The research surrounding glucose monitoring dates to the mid-1800s, with the first successful reagent for glucose testing being developed in 1908. Since then, glucose sensing has become one of the most rapidly growing areas of research and development in biosensor technology, creating a competitive market for more advanced, accurate, and convenient glucose monitoring. This article reviews the history of biosensors used for glucose monitoring, and major advancements in biosensor technology to enhance performance and improve quality of life for patients with diabetes.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB4302804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U2233217,62371029,62471023,62301016,and 62101015)。
文摘The snapshot Fault Detection(FD)algorithm of Advanced Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring(ARAIM)necessitates the allocation of continuity and integrity risk requirements from the operational exposure time level to the single epoch level.Current studies primarily focus on finding a conservative Number of Effective Samples(NES)as a risk mapping factor.However,considering that the NES varies with the observation environment and the type of the fault mode,applying a fixed NES can constrain the performance of the algorithm.To address this issue,the continuity and integrity risks over the operational exposure time are analyzed and bounded based on all epochs within the exposure time.A more adaptable method for continuity and integrity budget allocation over the operational exposure time is presented,capable of monitoring the continuity and integrity risks over the recent operational exposure time in real time,and dynamically adjusting the allocation values based on the current observation environment.Simulation results demonstrate that,compared with the allocation method based on a fixed NES,ARAIM based on the proposed allocation method exhibits superior performance in terms of the availability.At an FD execution frequency equal to the required Time-To-Alert(TTA),the dual-constellation H-ARAIM provides 100%of the global coverage with 99.5%availability of the RNP 0.1 service,and the dual-constellation V-ARAIM provides 86.38%of the global coverage with 99.5%availability of the LPV-200 service.
文摘To meet the exponentially growing demand fbr bandwidth in Optical Transport Networks （OTNs）, 100-Gb/s （100G） coherent technology based oil Polarization-Division Multiplexed Quadrature Phase Shift Keying （PDM-QPSK）, which enables the capacity of a Wavelength Division Multiplexing （WDM） system to approach 10 Tb/s, is being widely deployed globally. As the first vendor to intro- duce a single-carrier 100G solution, A1- catel-Lucent has developed key transponder and network management technologies, which are reviewed in this paper together with their commercial evolution to 400G. Focusing on the Chinese market, we also review some key bench-mark testing results obtained in partner- ship with major Chinese operators. Finally, we discuss enabling technologies that are currently being researched to allow interfaces to scale to Terabit/s rates.
基金supported by scientific grants from Zhejiang University(2023QZJH07)。
文摘Rising sea levels and climate change are reshaping coastal landscapes,exacerbating erosion,and increasing flood frequency,posing serious threats to the ecological balance,economic growth,and the livelihoods of coastal city residents[1].This necessitates advanced monitoring to mitigate climate impacts and strengthen coastal resilience.While geophysical methods for first-order coastal properties monitoring have gained traction in academia[2,3],traditional monitoring techniques are limited by sparse and unevenly distributed observation stations,failing to meet the needs for detailed regional monitoring.Moreover,the complex social and cultural environments of coastal cities challenge sustained and intensive monitoring efforts.
基金North Carolina Department of Transportation(NCDOT),contract number RP 2020-04,awarded to N.G.P.(lead principal investigator)J.N.H.in the Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences at the University of North Carolina Wilmington.
文摘Coastal wetlands,crucial for global biodiversity and climate adaptation,provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon storage and flood protection.These vital areas are increasingly threatened by both natural and human-induced changes,prompting the need for advanced monitoring techniques.This study employs unmanned aerial systems(UASs)equipped with light detection and ranging(LiDAR)and multispectral sensors to survey diverse wetland types across 8 sites in North Carolina.Utilizing high-resolution elevation data and detailed vegetation analysis,coupled with sophisticated machine learning algorithms,we achieved differentiated and highly precise classifications of wetland types.Classification accuracies varied by type,with estuarine intertidal emergent wetlands showing the highest classification accuracies due to less complex vegetation structure and clearer spectral signatures,especially when collections account for tidal influence.In contrast,palustrine forested and scrub-shrub wetlands presented lower accuracies,often due to the denser,mixed,and more complex vegetation structure and variable inundation levels,which complicate spectral differentiation and ground returns from LiDAR sensors.Overall,our integrated UAS-derived LiDAR and multispectral approach not only enhances the accuracy of wetland mapping but also offers a scalable,efficient,and cost-effective method that substantially advances conservation efforts and informs policy-making for coastal resilience.By demonstrating the usefulness of small-scale aerial data collection in ecological mapping,this study highlights the transformative potential of merging advanced technologies in environmental monitoring,underscoring their critical role in sustaining natural habitats and aiding in climate change mitigation strategies.
