Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilizatio...Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilization of train adhesion within the total torque command,reduce the train skidding/sliding phenomenon and achieve optimal adhesion utilization for each axle,thus realizing the optimal allocation of the multi-motor electric locomotives.Design/methodology/approach–In this study,a model predictive control(MPC)-based cooperative maximum adhesion tracking control method for multi-motor electric locomotives is presented.Firstly,train traction system with multiple motors is constructed in accordance with Newton’s second law.These equations include the train dynamics equations,the axle dynamics equations,and the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient equations.Then,a new MPC-based multi-axle adhesion co-optimization method is put forward.This method calculates the optimal output torque through real-time iteration based on the known reference slip speed to achieve multi-axle co-optimization under different circumstances.Findings–This paper presents a MPC system designed for the cooperative control of multi-axle adhesion.The results indicate that the proposed control system is able to optimize the adhesion of multiple axles under numerous different conditions and achieve the optimal power distribution based on the reduction of train skidding/sliding.Originality/value–This study presents a novel cooperative adhesion tracking control scheme.It is designed for multi-motor electric locomotives,which has rarely been studied before.And simulations are carried out in different conditions,including variable surfaces and motor failing.展开更多
As a result of frequent food waste and environmental pollution,there has been an increasing demand for the development of packaging materials that intrinsically inhibit and reduce likelihood of non-Newtonian liquids a...As a result of frequent food waste and environmental pollution,there has been an increasing demand for the development of packaging materials that intrinsically inhibit and reduce likelihood of non-Newtonian liquids adherence.In this work,inspired from ciliary structures on the leg of water strider,the hierarchical conical array was formed by magnetic field control and laser etching without any mask.Due to the tapered geometry of the cones and the multiscale surface roughness of the array,the droplets would bounce many times after impacting with the superhydrophobic surface(SHS)and roll off.By changing the spaces and apex angles of conical microcolumns the SHS has controlled adhesion,superior self-cleaning property and droplets bounce performance for a variety of non-Newtonian viscous liquids.After suffering from various types of damage including repeated tape tearing,finger touch and folding test,the SHS still maintained excellent superhydrophobic property,which may have potential application as all kinds of packaging interface materials.We demonstrate that the excellent droplets bounce behavior of the hierarchical array enables the efficient and robust prevention of food liquids adhesion.展开更多
In this research, polypyrrole nanocone arrays doped with β-Naphthalene sulphonic acid （PPy-NSA） were built. This film was expected to control protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion by potential-induced reversibl...In this research, polypyrrole nanocone arrays doped with β-Naphthalene sulphonic acid （PPy-NSA） were built. This film was expected to control protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion by potential-induced reversibly redox. The scanning Kelvin probe microscopy （SKPM） and surface contact angles （SCA） tests suggested that the surface potential and wettability of PPy-NSA nanocone arrays could be controlled by simply controlling its redox property via applying potential. The controllable surface potential and wettability in return controlled the adsorption of protein and adhesion of bacteria. The proposed material might find application in the preparation of smart biomaterial surfaces that can regulate proteins and bacterial adhesion by a simple potential switching.展开更多
Microbubbles can enhance the detection in noninvasive ultrasound imaging.Recently,targeted microbubbles have been developed to selectively adhere to specific and overexpressed p molecules in endothelial cells in some ...Microbubbles can enhance the detection in noninvasive ultrasound imaging.Recently,targeted microbubbles have been developed to selectively adhere to specific and overexpressed p molecules in endothelial cells in some pathologic conditions.However,the law of展开更多
With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein...With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein,a temperature-sensitive ionogel with near-infrared(NIR)-light controlled adhesion is prepared by electrostatic interaction of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)and acrylic acid,as well as the incorporation of the conductive polydopamine modified polypyrrole nanoparticles(PPy-PDA NPs).The PPy-PDA NPs could weaken the tough interaction between polymer chains and depress the Young’s modulus of the ionogel,thus promoting the ionogel ultrasoft(34 kPa)and highly stretchable(1,013%)performance to tensile deformations.In addition,the high photothermal conversion capacity of PPy-PDA NPs ensured the ionogel excellent NIR-light controlled adhesion and temperature sensitivity,which facilitated the ionogel on-demand removal and promised a reliable thermal sensor.Moreover,the resulted ultrasoft flexible sensor exhibited high sensitivity and stability to both strain and pressure in a broad range of deformations,enabling a precise monitoring on various human motions and physiological activities.The temperature-sensitive,ultrasoft,and controlled adhesive capabilities prompted great potential of the flexible ionogel in medical diagnosis and wearable electronics.展开更多
Wedge-shaped microstructures have the ability to reproduce the excellent adhesive properties of geckos’feet because of their unique anisotropic structure.In particular,the controllability of the wedge-shaped microstr...Wedge-shaped microstructures have the ability to reproduce the excellent adhesive properties of geckos’feet because of their unique anisotropic structure.In particular,the controllability of the wedge-shaped microstructures on adhesion is beneficial to the undisturbed grasp or the capture of space targets.However,the problem currently remains of how to process it efficiently and with high quality.Here a strategy called ultraprecision multistep and layered scribing is proposed for the manufacture of the biomimetic controllable adhesive surface.The results show that the metal master mold prepared based on the manufacturing strategy has not only good surface topography but also high reliability and durability.Furthermore,the controllable adhesive surface of 1.96 cm2,fabricated by the proposed manufacturing strategy,has a normal adhesion of 1.012 N,and the corresponding shear friction and adhesion coefficient are 3.105 N and 4.82,respectively.Additionally,the controllable adhesive surface has been shown to be approximately superhydrophobic and also to possess the properties of controllable adhesion and dynamic adhesion.Also,after 250 adhesion-detachment cycles,the normal adhesion and shear friction only decrease by 5%and 3%,respectively.The research realizes an environmentally friendly and efficient method by which to manufacture a durable metal mold for fabricating a biomimetic controllable adhesive surface,laying a foundation for its effective application in the adherence of space-floating targets.展开更多
基金supported by Scientific Research Projects of China Association of Metros(CAMET-KY-2022039)State Key Laboratory of Traction and Control System of EMU and Locomotive(2023YJ386).
文摘Purpose–This study aims to propose a cooperative adhesion control method for trains with multiple motors electric locomotives.The method is intended to optimize the output torque of each motor,maximize the utilization of train adhesion within the total torque command,reduce the train skidding/sliding phenomenon and achieve optimal adhesion utilization for each axle,thus realizing the optimal allocation of the multi-motor electric locomotives.Design/methodology/approach–In this study,a model predictive control(MPC)-based cooperative maximum adhesion tracking control method for multi-motor electric locomotives is presented.Firstly,train traction system with multiple motors is constructed in accordance with Newton’s second law.These equations include the train dynamics equations,the axle dynamics equations,and the wheel-rail adhesion coefficient equations.Then,a new MPC-based multi-axle adhesion co-optimization method is put forward.This method calculates the optimal output torque through real-time iteration based on the known reference slip speed to achieve multi-axle co-optimization under different circumstances.Findings–This paper presents a MPC system designed for the cooperative control of multi-axle adhesion.The results indicate that the proposed control system is able to optimize the adhesion of multiple axles under numerous different conditions and achieve the optimal power distribution based on the reduction of train skidding/sliding.Originality/value–This study presents a novel cooperative adhesion tracking control scheme.It is designed for multi-motor electric locomotives,which has rarely been studied before.And simulations are carried out in different conditions,including variable surfaces and motor failing.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52005222 and 51805048)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M671372)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181036).
文摘As a result of frequent food waste and environmental pollution,there has been an increasing demand for the development of packaging materials that intrinsically inhibit and reduce likelihood of non-Newtonian liquids adherence.In this work,inspired from ciliary structures on the leg of water strider,the hierarchical conical array was formed by magnetic field control and laser etching without any mask.Due to the tapered geometry of the cones and the multiscale surface roughness of the array,the droplets would bounce many times after impacting with the superhydrophobic surface(SHS)and roll off.By changing the spaces and apex angles of conical microcolumns the SHS has controlled adhesion,superior self-cleaning property and droplets bounce performance for a variety of non-Newtonian viscous liquids.After suffering from various types of damage including repeated tape tearing,finger touch and folding test,the SHS still maintained excellent superhydrophobic property,which may have potential application as all kinds of packaging interface materials.We demonstrate that the excellent droplets bounce behavior of the hierarchical array enables the efficient and robust prevention of food liquids adhesion.
基金the financial support of the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB619100)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2015AA033502)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51372087, 51072055 and 51232002)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2014A010105048)the State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, China (Grant No. 20141607)
文摘In this research, polypyrrole nanocone arrays doped with β-Naphthalene sulphonic acid （PPy-NSA） were built. This film was expected to control protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion by potential-induced reversibly redox. The scanning Kelvin probe microscopy （SKPM） and surface contact angles （SCA） tests suggested that the surface potential and wettability of PPy-NSA nanocone arrays could be controlled by simply controlling its redox property via applying potential. The controllable surface potential and wettability in return controlled the adsorption of protein and adhesion of bacteria. The proposed material might find application in the preparation of smart biomaterial surfaces that can regulate proteins and bacterial adhesion by a simple potential switching.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30700151
文摘Microbubbles can enhance the detection in noninvasive ultrasound imaging.Recently,targeted microbubbles have been developed to selectively adhere to specific and overexpressed p molecules in endothelial cells in some pathologic conditions.However,the law of
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFA0709900),the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61775089)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2020KB018)“Taishan scholars”construction special fund of Shandong Province.
文摘With the widespread prevailing of flexible electronics in human-machine interfaces,health monitor,and human motion detection,ultrasoft flexible sensors are urgently desired with critical demands in conformality.Herein,a temperature-sensitive ionogel with near-infrared(NIR)-light controlled adhesion is prepared by electrostatic interaction of poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)and acrylic acid,as well as the incorporation of the conductive polydopamine modified polypyrrole nanoparticles(PPy-PDA NPs).The PPy-PDA NPs could weaken the tough interaction between polymer chains and depress the Young’s modulus of the ionogel,thus promoting the ionogel ultrasoft(34 kPa)and highly stretchable(1,013%)performance to tensile deformations.In addition,the high photothermal conversion capacity of PPy-PDA NPs ensured the ionogel excellent NIR-light controlled adhesion and temperature sensitivity,which facilitated the ionogel on-demand removal and promised a reliable thermal sensor.Moreover,the resulted ultrasoft flexible sensor exhibited high sensitivity and stability to both strain and pressure in a broad range of deformations,enabling a precise monitoring on various human motions and physiological activities.The temperature-sensitive,ultrasoft,and controlled adhesive capabilities prompted great potential of the flexible ionogel in medical diagnosis and wearable electronics.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91848202)。
文摘Wedge-shaped microstructures have the ability to reproduce the excellent adhesive properties of geckos’feet because of their unique anisotropic structure.In particular,the controllability of the wedge-shaped microstructures on adhesion is beneficial to the undisturbed grasp or the capture of space targets.However,the problem currently remains of how to process it efficiently and with high quality.Here a strategy called ultraprecision multistep and layered scribing is proposed for the manufacture of the biomimetic controllable adhesive surface.The results show that the metal master mold prepared based on the manufacturing strategy has not only good surface topography but also high reliability and durability.Furthermore,the controllable adhesive surface of 1.96 cm2,fabricated by the proposed manufacturing strategy,has a normal adhesion of 1.012 N,and the corresponding shear friction and adhesion coefficient are 3.105 N and 4.82,respectively.Additionally,the controllable adhesive surface has been shown to be approximately superhydrophobic and also to possess the properties of controllable adhesion and dynamic adhesion.Also,after 250 adhesion-detachment cycles,the normal adhesion and shear friction only decrease by 5%and 3%,respectively.The research realizes an environmentally friendly and efficient method by which to manufacture a durable metal mold for fabricating a biomimetic controllable adhesive surface,laying a foundation for its effective application in the adherence of space-floating targets.
