The cardiopulmonary health of children may be affected by acute ozone(O3)exposure during physical activity[1];however,its effects in high-altitude regions such as the Xizang Plateau remain uncertain.In high-altitude a...The cardiopulmonary health of children may be affected by acute ozone(O3)exposure during physical activity[1];however,its effects in high-altitude regions such as the Xizang Plateau remain uncertain.In high-altitude areas,lower oxygen levels may cause children to experience shortness of breath or require increased respiratory effort during vigorous activities such as running.This could lead to increased pollutant inhalation,potentially elevating the burden on the cardiovascular system and triggering adverse reactions such as increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure.Furthermore,differences in physiological adaptation between Han children who have migrated to Xizang and Tibetan children who are native to the region may contribute to different reactions to environmental exposure[2].展开更多
Objective This paper is to explore the DNA repair mechanism of immune adaptive response （AR） induced by low dose radiation （LDR）, the changes of mRNA levels and protein expressions of p53, ATM, DNA-PK catalytic su...Objective This paper is to explore the DNA repair mechanism of immune adaptive response （AR） induced by low dose radiation （LDR）, the changes of mRNA levels and protein expressions of p53, ATM, DNA-PK catalytic subunit （DNA-PKcs） and PARP-1 genes in the LDR-induced AR in EL-4 cells. Methods The apoptosis and cell cycle progression of EL-4 cells were detected by flow cytometry in 12 h after the cells received the pre-exposure of 0.075 Gy X-rays （inductive dose, D 1） and the succeeding high dose irradiation （challenge dose, D2; 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 Gy X-rays, respectively） with or without wortmannin （inhibitor of ATM and DNA-PK） and 3-aminobenzamid （inhibitor of PARP-1）. And the protein expressions and mRNA levels related to these genes were detected with flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 12 h after irradiation with D2. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of p53 and PARP-1 in EL-4 cells in the D1 ＋ D2 groups were much lower than those in the D2 groups, and those of PARP-1 in the 3-AB ＋ D2 and the 3-AB ＋ D1 ＋ D2 groups were much lower than those in the D2 and the D1 ＋ D2 groups. The percentage of apoptotic EL-4 cells in the 3-AB ＋ D1 ＋ D2 groups was much higher than that in the D1 ＋ D2 groups, that in the G0/G1 and the G2 ＋ M phases was much higher, and that in the S phase were much lower. Although the ATM and DNA-PKcs mRNA and protein expressions in wortmannin ＋ D1 ＋ D2 groups were much lower than those in the D1 ＋ D2 groups, there were no significant changes in the apoptosis and cell cycle progression between the wortmannin ＋ D1 ＋ D2 and the D1 ＋ D2 groups. Conclusion PARP-1 and p53 might play important roles in AR induced by LDR.展开更多
Human lymphocytes pre-exposed to 10 mGy or 50 mGy of X-rays become less sensitive to subsequent large dose irradiation, exhibited lower rate of chromosome aberration than expected. This adaptive response could be inhi...Human lymphocytes pre-exposed to 10 mGy or 50 mGy of X-rays become less sensitive to subsequent large dose irradiation, exhibited lower rate of chromosome aberration than expected. This adaptive response could be inhibited by cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor for successive 2 h period ranging from 0.5h before to 4h after the low dose exposure, indicating that the adaptive response was directly related with the protein synthesis.展开更多
Despite advances in cancer therapeutics and the integration of personalized medicine,the development of chemoresistance in many patients remains a significant contributing factor to cancer mortality.Upon treatment wit...Despite advances in cancer therapeutics and the integration of personalized medicine,the development of chemoresistance in many patients remains a significant contributing factor to cancer mortality.Upon treatment with chemotherapeutics,the disruption of homeostasis in cancer cells triggers the adaptive response which has emerged as a key resistance mechanism.In this review,we summarize the mechanistic studies investigating the three major components of the adaptive response,autophagy,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress signaling,and senescence,in response to cancer chemotherapy.We will discuss the development of potential cancer therapeutic strategies in the context of these adaptive resistance mechanisms,with the goal of stimulating research that may facilitate the development of effective cancer therapy.展开更多
Investigation on possible induction of adaptive response(AR)by high-liner energy transfer(LET)particle radiation for protection against low-LET photon radiation-induced detrimental effects has not yet been performed i...Investigation on possible induction of adaptive response(AR)by high-liner energy transfer(LET)particle radiation for protection against low-LET photon radiation-induced detrimental effects has not yet been performed in utero.This study verified if an AR could be induced by high-LET particle radiation from accelerated heavy ions against low-LET X-ray radiation-induced detrimental effects on fetal mice.Total body irradiation of pregnant C57BL/6J mice were performed by delivering a priming dose ranging from 10 mGy to 320 mGy of particle radiation on gestation day 11 followed one day later by a challenge dose at 3500 mGy from X-ray radiation.The monoenergetic beams of carbon,silicon and iron with the LET values of about 15,55,and 200 KeV/μm,respectively,were examined.Significant suppression by the priming radiation of the detrimental effects(fetal death,malformation,or low body weight)was used as the endpoints for judgment of a successful AR induction on gestation day 18.Existence of AR was not observed.On the other hand,the priming dose of high-LET particle radiation,in some cases,even increased the detrimental effects induced by the challenge dose from low-LET X-ray radiation.Although existence of AR induced by high-LET radiation in cultured mammalian cells in vitro and in certain tissues of laboratory mice in vivo was demonstrated,the present study did not suggest that low dose of high-LET particle radiation could induce an AR in fetal mice in utero under the setup of our experimental system.展开更多
Objective： We aimed to study the effect and mechanism of low-dose radiation （LDR） on adaptive response of gastric cancer cell. Methods： SGC7901 cells were cultured in vitro, and divided into 4 groups： control gro...Objective： We aimed to study the effect and mechanism of low-dose radiation （LDR） on adaptive response of gastric cancer cell. Methods： SGC7901 cells were cultured in vitro, and divided into 4 groups： control group （DO group）, low-dose radiation group （D1 group, 75 mGy）, high-dose radiation group （D2 group, 2 Gy）, low-dose plus high-dose radiation group （D1 ＋ D2 group, 75 mGy ＋ 2 Gy, the interval of low and high-close radiation being 8 h）. Cell inhibition rate was detected by cytometry and CCK8 method; the proportion of cell cycle at different times after irradiation was determined by using a flow cytometry. The ATM mRNA levels were detected by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results： There was no significant different between groups DO and D1, groups D2 and D1 ＋ D2 cell inhibition rate （P 〉 0.05）. There was a significant increase G2/M arrest in groups D2 and D1 ＋ D2 than groups DO and D1 after 6 h of radiation and did not recover at 48 h （P 〈 0.05）. The ATM mRNA expression of group D2 and D1 ＋ D2 increased highly than that of group DO and D1 （P 〈 0.05）. However, differences between group D2 and D1 ＋ D2, group DO and D1 were not statistical significant （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： LDR cannot induce adaptive response in SGC7901 cells in vitro, which may be associated the regulation of cell cycle, and its ATM mRNA expression cannot be affected by 75 mGy X-ray radiation.展开更多
Background： Adaptive response includes a variety of physiological modifications to face changes in external or internal conditions and adapt to a new situation. The acute phase proteins（APPs） are reactants synthesi...Background： Adaptive response includes a variety of physiological modifications to face changes in external or internal conditions and adapt to a new situation. The acute phase proteins（APPs） are reactants synthesized against environmental stimuli like stress, infection, inflammation.Methods： To delineate the differences in molecular constituents of adaptive response to the environment we performed the whole-blood transcriptome analysis in Italian Holstein（IH） and Italian Simmental（IS） breeds. For this, 663 IH and IS cows from six commercial farms were clustered according to the blood level of APPs. Ten extreme individuals（five APP＋ and APP-variants） from each farm were selected for the RNA-seq using the Illumina sequencing technology. Differentially expressed（DE） genes were analyzed using dynamic impact approach（DIA）and DAVID annotation clustering. Milk production data were statistically elaborated to assess the association of APP＋ and APP-gene expression patterns with variations in milk parameters.Results： The overall de novo assembly of cDNA sequence data generated 13,665 genes expressed in bovine blood cells. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 1,152 DE genes in the comparison of all APP＋ vs. all APP-variants; 531 and 217 DE genes specific for IH and IS comparison respectively. In all comparisons overexpressed genes were more represented than underexpressed ones. DAVID analysis revealed 369 DE genes across breeds, 173 and 73 DE genes in IH and IS comparison respectively. Among the most impacted pathways for both breeds were vitamin B6 metabolism, folate biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism.Conclusions： Both DIA and DAVID approaches produced a high number of significantly impacted genes and pathways with a narrow connection to adaptive response in cows with high level of blood APPs. A similar variation in gene expression and impacted pathways between APP＋ and APP-variants was found between two studied breeds. Such similarity was also confirmed by annotation clustering of the DE genes. However, IH breed showed higher and more differentiated impacts compared to IS breed and such particular features in the IH adaptive response could be explained by its higher metabolic activity. Variations of milk production data were significantly associated with APP＋ and APP-gene expression patterns.展开更多
The effect of endosulfan, a hexachlorinated pesticide, on growth, inorganic nitrogenous nutrient uptake (NO3-, NO2- and NH4+), change in pigmentation and glycogen content on wild type and chemically mutagenised cells ...The effect of endosulfan, a hexachlorinated pesticide, on growth, inorganic nitrogenous nutrient uptake (NO3-, NO2- and NH4+), change in pigmentation and glycogen content on wild type and chemically mutagenised cells of Synechococcus cedrorum was investigated. The pattern of response to pesticide stress in wild and mutant type was the same. Growth reappeared in both after a period of initial lag in presence of endosulfan. The duration of lag increased with increasing doses of pesticide. Paradoxically, however, the rate of uptake of NO-3, NO-2 and NH+4 pigment and glycogen content progressively increased with increasing doses. The difference in the adaptation response between wild and mutant types was observed only in the concentration of pesticide that could be tolerated; with the mutant tolerating 2.5 fold more.展开更多
Cellular responses to radiation exposure involve complex and dynamic signaling networks that coordinately regulate cell fate.Senescent cells exhibit irreversible growth arrest and functional alterations,while adaptive...Cellular responses to radiation exposure involve complex and dynamic signaling networks that coordinately regulate cell fate.Senescent cells exhibit irreversible growth arrest and functional alterations,while adaptive response confers cellular protection against subsequent radiation insults.The intricate interplay between the two processes influences radiation resistance and genomic stability,with implications for understanding molecular mechanisms of radiotherapy and cellular stress responses.This review systematically investigates the molecular triggers and signaling pathways underlying radiation-induced cellular senescence and adaptive response,and elucidates the molecular interactions between these phenomena.The findings have significant implications for understanding of cellular stress responses,optimizing radiotherapy protocols,and mitigating radiation-induced cellular dysfunction.展开更多
Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection affects about 170 million people worldwide and it is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.HCV is a hepatotropic non-cytopathic virus able to persist in a great ...Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection affects about 170 million people worldwide and it is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.HCV is a hepatotropic non-cytopathic virus able to persist in a great percentage of infected hosts due to its ability to escape from the immune control.Liver damage and disease progression during HCV infection are driven by both viral and host factors.Specifically,adaptive immune response carries out an essential task in controllingnon-cytopathic viruses because of its ability to recognize infected cells and to destroy them by cytopathic mechanisms and to eliminate the virus by non-cytolytic machinery.HCV is able to impair this response by several means such as developing escape mutations in neutralizing antibodies and in T cell receptor viral epitope recognition sites and inducing HCV-specific cytotoxic T cell anergy and deletion.To impair HCV-specific T cell reactivity,HCV affects effector T cell regulation by modulating T helper and Treg response and by impairing the balance between positive and negative co-stimulatory molecules and between pro-and antiapoptotic proteins.In this review,the role of adaptive immune response in controlling HCV infection and the HCV mechanisms to evade this response are reviewed.展开更多
High fidelity analysis models,which are beneficial to improving the design quality,have been more and more widely utilized in the modern engineering design optimization problems.However,the high fidelity analysis mode...High fidelity analysis models,which are beneficial to improving the design quality,have been more and more widely utilized in the modern engineering design optimization problems.However,the high fidelity analysis models are so computationally expensive that the time required in design optimization is usually unacceptable.In order to improve the efficiency of optimization involving high fidelity analysis models,the optimization efficiency can be upgraded through applying surrogates to approximate the computationally expensive models,which can greately reduce the computation time.An efficient heuristic global optimization method using adaptive radial basis function（RBF） based on fuzzy clustering（ARFC） is proposed.In this method,a novel algorithm of maximin Latin hypercube design using successive local enumeration（SLE） is employed to obtain sample points with good performance in both space-filling and projective uniformity properties,which does a great deal of good to metamodels accuracy.RBF method is adopted for constructing the metamodels,and with the increasing the number of sample points the approximation accuracy of RBF is gradually enhanced.The fuzzy c-means clustering method is applied to identify the reduced attractive regions in the original design space.The numerical benchmark examples are used for validating the performance of ARFC.The results demonstrates that for most application examples the global optima are effectively obtained and comparison with adaptive response surface method（ARSM） proves that the proposed method can intuitively capture promising design regions and can efficiently identify the global or near-global design optimum.This method improves the efficiency and global convergence of the optimization problems,and gives a new optimization strategy for engineering design optimization problems involving computationally expensive models.展开更多
Physiological responses on the bases of activities of antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase as well as estimation of total protein, lipid peroxidation and thiols ...Physiological responses on the bases of activities of antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase as well as estimation of total protein, lipid peroxidation and thiols in the form of protein, non\|protein, glutathione and phytochelatin measured in growing seedlings of paddy, Oryza sativa L., from day 2 to 8 were compared following treatment of seeds for 5h with oxidative agents, paraquat 5 × 10 -5 , 10 -4 , 10 -3 mol/L, H 2O 2 10 -3 , 5×10 -3 , 10 -2 mol/L, and CdCl 2 10 -5 , 10 -4 , 5×10 -3 mol/L. A significant induction of all antioxidant enzymes along with an increase in the levels of protein, lipid peroxidation and glutathione was noted in response to oxidative stress, CdCl 2 induced significant peroxidase and catalase activities but not superoxide dismutase. In a marked contrast from oxidative stress, CdCl 2 decreased glutathione reductase activity as well as glutathione levels but increased phytochelatin level. The different physiological responses thus underlined the crucial involvement of glutathione and phytochelatin in the oxidative and heavy metal\|linduced adaptive responses respectively.展开更多
Mobile wireless sensor network(WSN)composed by mobile terminals has a dynamic topology and can be widely used in various fields.However,the lack of centralized control,dynamic topology and limited energy supply make t...Mobile wireless sensor network(WSN)composed by mobile terminals has a dynamic topology and can be widely used in various fields.However,the lack of centralized control,dynamic topology and limited energy supply make the network layer of mobile WSN be vulnerable to multiple attacks,such as black hole(BH),gray hole(GH),flooding attacks(FA)and rushing attacks(RU).Existing researches on intrusion attacks against mobile WSN,currently,tend to focus on targeted detection of certain types of attacks.The defense methods also have clear directionality and is unable to deal with indeterminate intrusion attacks.Therefore,this work will design an indeterminate intrusion attack oriented detecting and adaptive responding mechanism for mobile WSN.The proposed mechanism first uses a test sliding window(TSW)to improve the detecting accuracy,then constructs parameter models of confidence on attack(COA),network performance degradation(NPD)and adaptive responding behaviors list,finally adaptively responds according to the decision table,so as to improve the universality and flexibility of the detecting and adaptive responding mechanism.The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can achieve multiple types of intrusion detecting in multiple attack scenarios,and can achieve effective response under low network consumption.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)/Hepatitis C virus(HCV)coinfection is frequently observed because of the common infection routine.Despite the reciprocal inhibition exerted by HBV and HCV genomes,the coinfection of HBV and HCV i...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)/Hepatitis C virus(HCV)coinfection is frequently observed because of the common infection routine.Despite the reciprocal inhibition exerted by HBV and HCV genomes,the coinfection of HBV and HCV is associated with more severe forms of liver diseases.However,the complexity of viral interference and underlying pathological mechanism is still unclarified.With the demonstration of absence of direct viral interplay,some in vitro studies suggest the indirect effects of viral-host interaction on viral dominance outcome.Here,we comprehensively investigated the viral replication and host immune responses which might mediate the interference between viruses in HBV/HCV coinfected Huh7-NTCP cells and immunocompetent HCV human receptors transgenic ICR mice.We found that presence of HCV significantly inhibited HBV replication in vitro and in vivo irrespective of the coinfection order,while HBV did not affect HCV replication.Pathological alteration was coincidently reproduced in coinfected mice.In addition to the participation of innate immune response,an involvement of HCV in up-regulating HBV-specific immune responses was described to facilitate HBV clearance.Our systems partially recapitulate HBV/HCV coinfection and unveil the uncharacterized adaptive anti-viral immune responses during coinfection,which renews the knowledge on the nature of indirect viral interaction during HBV/HCV coinfection.展开更多
The influence of intracortical inhibition on the response adaptation of visual cortical neurons remains in debate. To clarify this issue, in the present study the influence of surround suppression evoked through the l...The influence of intracortical inhibition on the response adaptation of visual cortical neurons remains in debate. To clarify this issue, in the present study the influence of surround suppression evoked through the local inhibitory interneurons on the adaptation effects of neurons in the primary visual cortex （V1） were observed. Moreover, the adaptations of V1 neurons to both the high-contrast visual stimuli presented in the classical receptive field （CRF） and to the costimulation presented in the CRF and the surrounding nonclassical receptive field （nCRF） were compared. The intensities of surround suppression were modulated with different sized grating stimuli. The results showed that the response adaptation of V1 neurons decreased significantly with the increase of surround suppression and this adaptation decrease was due to the reduction of the initial response of V1 neurons to visual stimuli. However, the plateau response during adaptation showed no significant changes. These findings indicate that the adaptation effects of V1 neurons may not be directly affected by surround suppression, but may be dynamically regulated by a negative feedback network and be finely adjusted by its initial spiking response to stimulus. This adaptive regulation is not only energy efficient for the central nervous system, but also beneficially acts to maintain the homeostasis of neuronal response to long-presenting visual signals.展开更多
Due to low parameter sensitivity for balanced realiza- tions, balanced structure becomes a good candidate for an statespace adaptive infinite impluse response （IIR） filter. Here, using coefficients of the transfer f...Due to low parameter sensitivity for balanced realiza- tions, balanced structure becomes a good candidate for an statespace adaptive infinite impluse response （IIR） filter. Here, using coefficients of the transfer function as the adaptive filtering parameters, a balanced adaptive IIR filtering algorithm is proposed for output-error minimization. The algorithm in the internally balanced realization guarantees that the adaptive IIR filter always minimizes the ratio of maximum-to-minimum eigenvalue of the Grammian matrices at the each iteration. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the proposed algorithm.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine.Current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on maintaining remission and mitigating the secondary e...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine.Current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on maintaining remission and mitigating the secondary effects rather than reversing its pathogenic mechanisms(Jeong et al.,2019).The pathogenesis of IBD involves intestinal barrier dysfunction,tissue damage,and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses(de Souza et al.,2017).Elevated neutrophil activity has been reported in IBD(Danne et al.,2024),yet the precise roles and mechanisms of neutrophils in disease progression remain to be elucidated.展开更多
Shelford’s law of tolerance is illustrated by a bell-shaped curve depicting the relationship between environmental factor/factors’intensity and its favorability for species or populations.It is a fundamental basis o...Shelford’s law of tolerance is illustrated by a bell-shaped curve depicting the relationship between environmental factor/factors’intensity and its favorability for species or populations.It is a fundamental basis of ecology when considering the regularities of environment impacts on living systems,and applies in plant biology,agriculture and forestry to manage resistance to environmental limiting factors and to enhance productivity.In recent years,the concept of hormesis has been increasingly used to study the dose-response relationships in living organisms of different complexities,including plants.This requires the need for an analysis of the relationships between the hormetic dose-response model and the classical understanding of plant reactions to environments in terms of Shelford’s law of tolerance.This paper analyses various dimensions of the relationships between the hormetic model and Shelford’s tolerance law curve under the influence of natural environmental factors on plants,which are limiting for plants both in deficiency and excess.The analysis has shown that Shelford’s curve and hormetic model do not contradict but instead complement each other.The hormetic response of plants is localized in the stress zone of the Shelford’s curve when adaptive mechanisms are disabled within the ecological optimum.At the same time,in a species range,the ecological optimum is the most favorable combination of all or at least the most important environmental factors,each of which usually deviates slightly from its optimal value.Adaptive mechanisms cannot be completely disabled in the optimum,and hormesis covers optimum and stress zones.Hormesis can modify the plant tolerance range to environmental factors by preconditioning and makes limits of plant tolerance to environmental factors flexible to a certain extent.In turn,as a result of tolerance range evolution,quantitative characteristics of hormesis(width and magnitude of hormetic zone)as well as the range of stimulating doses,may significantly differ in various plant species and even populations and intra-population groups,including plants at different development stages.Using hormetic preconditioning for managing plant resistance to environmental limiting factors provides an important perspective for increasing the productivity of woody plants in forestry.展开更多
We maintained adult many-lined sun skinks(Mabuya multifasciata; 12 females and 12 males) collected from Hainan(southern China) in September 2006 in two outdoor enclosures to examine the effect of feeding condition on ...We maintained adult many-lined sun skinks(Mabuya multifasciata; 12 females and 12 males) collected from Hainan(southern China) in September 2006 in two outdoor enclosures to examine the effect of feeding condition on selected body temperature(Tsel).Skinks shifted their thermal preferences when fasted.Temporal variation in Tsel was not found within each sex feeding condition combination,and neither in fed nor in fasted skinks did the mean values for Tsel differ between sexes.Body temperatures selected by fed skinks fell within the range from 30.2 to 33.9 C,and those selected by fasted skinks within the range from 25.1 to 31.8 C.Body temperatures(31.8 0.3 C) selected by fed skinks were on average 4.0 C higher than those(27.8 0.4 C) selected by fasted skinks.Fasted skinks had no difficulty in attaining higher body temperatures,but they voluntarily shift their thermal preferences downwards to save energy.This finding suggests an adaptive mechanism adopted by many-lined sun skinks to enhance their fitness during the periods when food availability is low.展开更多
As the consumption of fructose and saturated fatty acids(FAs) has greatly increased in western diets and is linked with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome,the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a...As the consumption of fructose and saturated fatty acids(FAs) has greatly increased in western diets and is linked with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome,the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a mod-erate(10 weeks) and a prolonged(30 weeks) high fructose and saturated fatty acid(HFS) diet on plasma FA com-position in rats.The effects of a few weeks of HFS diet had already been described,but in this paper we tried to es-tablish whether these effects persist or if they are modified after 10 or 30 weeks.We hypothesized that the plasma FA profile would be altered between 10 and 30 weeks of the HFS diet.Rats fed with either the HFS or a standard diet were tested after 10 weeks and again after 30 weeks.After 10 weeks of feeding,HFS-fed rats developed the metabolic syndrome,as manifested by an increase in fasting insulinemia,total cholesterol and triglyceride levels,as well as by impaired glucose tolerance.Furthermore,the plasma FA profile of the HFS group showed higher proportions of monounsaturated FAs like palmitoleic acid [16:1(n-7)] and oleic acid [18:1(n-9)],whereas the proportions of some polyunsaturated n-6 FAs,such as linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)],were lower than those in the control group.After 30 weeks of the HFS diet,we observed changes mainly in the levels of 16:1(n-7)(decreased) and 20:4(n-6)(increased).Together,our results suggest that an HFS diet could lead to an adaptive response of the plasma FA profile over time,in association with the development of the metabolic syndrome.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number 2022YFC3702604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41977374).
文摘The cardiopulmonary health of children may be affected by acute ozone(O3)exposure during physical activity[1];however,its effects in high-altitude regions such as the Xizang Plateau remain uncertain.In high-altitude areas,lower oxygen levels may cause children to experience shortness of breath or require increased respiratory effort during vigorous activities such as running.This could lead to increased pollutant inhalation,potentially elevating the burden on the cardiovascular system and triggering adverse reactions such as increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure.Furthermore,differences in physiological adaptation between Han children who have migrated to Xizang and Tibetan children who are native to the region may contribute to different reactions to environmental exposure[2].
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30570546 and 30870747)the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (20090458 and 201015183)+1 种基金the Young Teachers Innovative Foundation of Jilin University(421010043430)the Young Scholars Research Foundation Program of China-Japan Union Hospital(2009)
文摘Objective This paper is to explore the DNA repair mechanism of immune adaptive response （AR） induced by low dose radiation （LDR）, the changes of mRNA levels and protein expressions of p53, ATM, DNA-PK catalytic subunit （DNA-PKcs） and PARP-1 genes in the LDR-induced AR in EL-4 cells. Methods The apoptosis and cell cycle progression of EL-4 cells were detected by flow cytometry in 12 h after the cells received the pre-exposure of 0.075 Gy X-rays （inductive dose, D 1） and the succeeding high dose irradiation （challenge dose, D2; 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 Gy X-rays, respectively） with or without wortmannin （inhibitor of ATM and DNA-PK） and 3-aminobenzamid （inhibitor of PARP-1）. And the protein expressions and mRNA levels related to these genes were detected with flow cytometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in 12 h after irradiation with D2. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of p53 and PARP-1 in EL-4 cells in the D1 ＋ D2 groups were much lower than those in the D2 groups, and those of PARP-1 in the 3-AB ＋ D2 and the 3-AB ＋ D1 ＋ D2 groups were much lower than those in the D2 and the D1 ＋ D2 groups. The percentage of apoptotic EL-4 cells in the 3-AB ＋ D1 ＋ D2 groups was much higher than that in the D1 ＋ D2 groups, that in the G0/G1 and the G2 ＋ M phases was much higher, and that in the S phase were much lower. Although the ATM and DNA-PKcs mRNA and protein expressions in wortmannin ＋ D1 ＋ D2 groups were much lower than those in the D1 ＋ D2 groups, there were no significant changes in the apoptosis and cell cycle progression between the wortmannin ＋ D1 ＋ D2 and the D1 ＋ D2 groups. Conclusion PARP-1 and p53 might play important roles in AR induced by LDR.
文摘Human lymphocytes pre-exposed to 10 mGy or 50 mGy of X-rays become less sensitive to subsequent large dose irradiation, exhibited lower rate of chromosome aberration than expected. This adaptive response could be inhibited by cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor for successive 2 h period ranging from 0.5h before to 4h after the low dose exposure, indicating that the adaptive response was directly related with the protein synthesis.
基金supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR)(Grant#MOP-82881)。
文摘Despite advances in cancer therapeutics and the integration of personalized medicine,the development of chemoresistance in many patients remains a significant contributing factor to cancer mortality.Upon treatment with chemotherapeutics,the disruption of homeostasis in cancer cells triggers the adaptive response which has emerged as a key resistance mechanism.In this review,we summarize the mechanistic studies investigating the three major components of the adaptive response,autophagy,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress signaling,and senescence,in response to cancer chemotherapy.We will discuss the development of potential cancer therapeutic strategies in the context of these adaptive resistance mechanisms,with the goal of stimulating research that may facilitate the development of effective cancer therapy.
基金This research was financially supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)(JSPS KAKENHI 21510060 and JSPS KAKENHI 25340041)Research Project Grants with Heavy Ions at HIMAC,QST,Japan(19B-258 and 22B-258).
文摘Investigation on possible induction of adaptive response(AR)by high-liner energy transfer(LET)particle radiation for protection against low-LET photon radiation-induced detrimental effects has not yet been performed in utero.This study verified if an AR could be induced by high-LET particle radiation from accelerated heavy ions against low-LET X-ray radiation-induced detrimental effects on fetal mice.Total body irradiation of pregnant C57BL/6J mice were performed by delivering a priming dose ranging from 10 mGy to 320 mGy of particle radiation on gestation day 11 followed one day later by a challenge dose at 3500 mGy from X-ray radiation.The monoenergetic beams of carbon,silicon and iron with the LET values of about 15,55,and 200 KeV/μm,respectively,were examined.Significant suppression by the priming radiation of the detrimental effects(fetal death,malformation,or low body weight)was used as the endpoints for judgment of a successful AR induction on gestation day 18.Existence of AR was not observed.On the other hand,the priming dose of high-LET particle radiation,in some cases,even increased the detrimental effects induced by the challenge dose from low-LET X-ray radiation.Although existence of AR induced by high-LET radiation in cultured mammalian cells in vitro and in certain tissues of laboratory mice in vivo was demonstrated,the present study did not suggest that low dose of high-LET particle radiation could induce an AR in fetal mice in utero under the setup of our experimental system.
文摘Objective： We aimed to study the effect and mechanism of low-dose radiation （LDR） on adaptive response of gastric cancer cell. Methods： SGC7901 cells were cultured in vitro, and divided into 4 groups： control group （DO group）, low-dose radiation group （D1 group, 75 mGy）, high-dose radiation group （D2 group, 2 Gy）, low-dose plus high-dose radiation group （D1 ＋ D2 group, 75 mGy ＋ 2 Gy, the interval of low and high-close radiation being 8 h）. Cell inhibition rate was detected by cytometry and CCK8 method; the proportion of cell cycle at different times after irradiation was determined by using a flow cytometry. The ATM mRNA levels were detected by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Results： There was no significant different between groups DO and D1, groups D2 and D1 ＋ D2 cell inhibition rate （P 〉 0.05）. There was a significant increase G2/M arrest in groups D2 and D1 ＋ D2 than groups DO and D1 after 6 h of radiation and did not recover at 48 h （P 〈 0.05）. The ATM mRNA expression of group D2 and D1 ＋ D2 increased highly than that of group DO and D1 （P 〈 0.05）. However, differences between group D2 and D1 ＋ D2, group DO and D1 were not statistical significant （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion： LDR cannot induce adaptive response in SGC7901 cells in vitro, which may be associated the regulation of cell cycle, and its ATM mRNA expression cannot be affected by 75 mGy X-ray radiation.
基金funded by the Italian Ministry of Education,University and Research(PRIN GEN2PHEN)
文摘Background： Adaptive response includes a variety of physiological modifications to face changes in external or internal conditions and adapt to a new situation. The acute phase proteins（APPs） are reactants synthesized against environmental stimuli like stress, infection, inflammation.Methods： To delineate the differences in molecular constituents of adaptive response to the environment we performed the whole-blood transcriptome analysis in Italian Holstein（IH） and Italian Simmental（IS） breeds. For this, 663 IH and IS cows from six commercial farms were clustered according to the blood level of APPs. Ten extreme individuals（five APP＋ and APP-variants） from each farm were selected for the RNA-seq using the Illumina sequencing technology. Differentially expressed（DE） genes were analyzed using dynamic impact approach（DIA）and DAVID annotation clustering. Milk production data were statistically elaborated to assess the association of APP＋ and APP-gene expression patterns with variations in milk parameters.Results： The overall de novo assembly of cDNA sequence data generated 13,665 genes expressed in bovine blood cells. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 1,152 DE genes in the comparison of all APP＋ vs. all APP-variants; 531 and 217 DE genes specific for IH and IS comparison respectively. In all comparisons overexpressed genes were more represented than underexpressed ones. DAVID analysis revealed 369 DE genes across breeds, 173 and 73 DE genes in IH and IS comparison respectively. Among the most impacted pathways for both breeds were vitamin B6 metabolism, folate biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism.Conclusions： Both DIA and DAVID approaches produced a high number of significantly impacted genes and pathways with a narrow connection to adaptive response in cows with high level of blood APPs. A similar variation in gene expression and impacted pathways between APP＋ and APP-variants was found between two studied breeds. Such similarity was also confirmed by annotation clustering of the DE genes. However, IH breed showed higher and more differentiated impacts compared to IS breed and such particular features in the IH adaptive response could be explained by its higher metabolic activity. Variations of milk production data were significantly associated with APP＋ and APP-gene expression patterns.
文摘The effect of endosulfan, a hexachlorinated pesticide, on growth, inorganic nitrogenous nutrient uptake (NO3-, NO2- and NH4+), change in pigmentation and glycogen content on wild type and chemically mutagenised cells of Synechococcus cedrorum was investigated. The pattern of response to pesticide stress in wild and mutant type was the same. Growth reappeared in both after a period of initial lag in presence of endosulfan. The duration of lag increased with increasing doses of pesticide. Paradoxically, however, the rate of uptake of NO-3, NO-2 and NH+4 pigment and glycogen content progressively increased with increasing doses. The difference in the adaptation response between wild and mutant types was observed only in the concentration of pesticide that could be tolerated; with the mutant tolerating 2.5 fold more.
文摘Cellular responses to radiation exposure involve complex and dynamic signaling networks that coordinately regulate cell fate.Senescent cells exhibit irreversible growth arrest and functional alterations,while adaptive response confers cellular protection against subsequent radiation insults.The intricate interplay between the two processes influences radiation resistance and genomic stability,with implications for understanding molecular mechanisms of radiotherapy and cellular stress responses.This review systematically investigates the molecular triggers and signaling pathways underlying radiation-induced cellular senescence and adaptive response,and elucidates the molecular interactions between these phenomena.The findings have significant implications for understanding of cellular stress responses,optimizing radiotherapy protocols,and mitigating radiation-induced cellular dysfunction.
基金Grants from"Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ",Spain and"European Regional Development Fund(ERDF),a way of making Europe",E.U.,No.PI12/00130"Fundacion de In-vestigacion Medica Mutua Madrilena",Spain,No.8922/2011Lokhande MU was funded by a research grant from"Asoci-acion de Hepatologia Translacional"No.AHT-2010/01,Spain
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection affects about 170 million people worldwide and it is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.HCV is a hepatotropic non-cytopathic virus able to persist in a great percentage of infected hosts due to its ability to escape from the immune control.Liver damage and disease progression during HCV infection are driven by both viral and host factors.Specifically,adaptive immune response carries out an essential task in controllingnon-cytopathic viruses because of its ability to recognize infected cells and to destroy them by cytopathic mechanisms and to eliminate the virus by non-cytolytic machinery.HCV is able to impair this response by several means such as developing escape mutations in neutralizing antibodies and in T cell receptor viral epitope recognition sites and inducing HCV-specific cytotoxic T cell anergy and deletion.To impair HCV-specific T cell reactivity,HCV affects effector T cell regulation by modulating T helper and Treg response and by impairing the balance between positive and negative co-stimulatory molecules and between pro-and antiapoptotic proteins.In this review,the role of adaptive immune response in controlling HCV infection and the HCV mechanisms to evade this response are reviewed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50875024,51105040)Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Beijing Institute of Technology,China (Grant No.2010Y0102)Defense Creative Research Group Foundation of China(Grant No. GFTD0803)
文摘High fidelity analysis models,which are beneficial to improving the design quality,have been more and more widely utilized in the modern engineering design optimization problems.However,the high fidelity analysis models are so computationally expensive that the time required in design optimization is usually unacceptable.In order to improve the efficiency of optimization involving high fidelity analysis models,the optimization efficiency can be upgraded through applying surrogates to approximate the computationally expensive models,which can greately reduce the computation time.An efficient heuristic global optimization method using adaptive radial basis function（RBF） based on fuzzy clustering（ARFC） is proposed.In this method,a novel algorithm of maximin Latin hypercube design using successive local enumeration（SLE） is employed to obtain sample points with good performance in both space-filling and projective uniformity properties,which does a great deal of good to metamodels accuracy.RBF method is adopted for constructing the metamodels,and with the increasing the number of sample points the approximation accuracy of RBF is gradually enhanced.The fuzzy c-means clustering method is applied to identify the reduced attractive regions in the original design space.The numerical benchmark examples are used for validating the performance of ARFC.The results demonstrates that for most application examples the global optima are effectively obtained and comparison with adaptive response surface method（ARSM） proves that the proposed method can intuitively capture promising design regions and can efficiently identify the global or near-global design optimum.This method improves the efficiency and global convergence of the optimization problems,and gives a new optimization strategy for engineering design optimization problems involving computationally expensive models.
文摘Physiological responses on the bases of activities of antioxidant enzymes: peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase as well as estimation of total protein, lipid peroxidation and thiols in the form of protein, non\|protein, glutathione and phytochelatin measured in growing seedlings of paddy, Oryza sativa L., from day 2 to 8 were compared following treatment of seeds for 5h with oxidative agents, paraquat 5 × 10 -5 , 10 -4 , 10 -3 mol/L, H 2O 2 10 -3 , 5×10 -3 , 10 -2 mol/L, and CdCl 2 10 -5 , 10 -4 , 5×10 -3 mol/L. A significant induction of all antioxidant enzymes along with an increase in the levels of protein, lipid peroxidation and glutathione was noted in response to oxidative stress, CdCl 2 induced significant peroxidase and catalase activities but not superoxide dismutase. In a marked contrast from oxidative stress, CdCl 2 decreased glutathione reductase activity as well as glutathione levels but increased phytochelatin level. The different physiological responses thus underlined the crucial involvement of glutathione and phytochelatin in the oxidative and heavy metal\|linduced adaptive responses respectively.
基金Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61771186)University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province(No.UNPYSCT-2017125)+1 种基金Outstanding Youth Project of Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.YQ2020F012)Graduate Innovative Research Project of Heilongjiang University(No.YJSCX2020-061HLJU).
文摘Mobile wireless sensor network(WSN)composed by mobile terminals has a dynamic topology and can be widely used in various fields.However,the lack of centralized control,dynamic topology and limited energy supply make the network layer of mobile WSN be vulnerable to multiple attacks,such as black hole(BH),gray hole(GH),flooding attacks(FA)and rushing attacks(RU).Existing researches on intrusion attacks against mobile WSN,currently,tend to focus on targeted detection of certain types of attacks.The defense methods also have clear directionality and is unable to deal with indeterminate intrusion attacks.Therefore,this work will design an indeterminate intrusion attack oriented detecting and adaptive responding mechanism for mobile WSN.The proposed mechanism first uses a test sliding window(TSW)to improve the detecting accuracy,then constructs parameter models of confidence on attack(COA),network performance degradation(NPD)and adaptive responding behaviors list,finally adaptively responds according to the decision table,so as to improve the universality and flexibility of the detecting and adaptive responding mechanism.The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can achieve multiple types of intrusion detecting in multiple attack scenarios,and can achieve effective response under low network consumption.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0507201 to X.C)the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81672021 to R.P,31770180 to C.W)。
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)/Hepatitis C virus(HCV)coinfection is frequently observed because of the common infection routine.Despite the reciprocal inhibition exerted by HBV and HCV genomes,the coinfection of HBV and HCV is associated with more severe forms of liver diseases.However,the complexity of viral interference and underlying pathological mechanism is still unclarified.With the demonstration of absence of direct viral interplay,some in vitro studies suggest the indirect effects of viral-host interaction on viral dominance outcome.Here,we comprehensively investigated the viral replication and host immune responses which might mediate the interference between viruses in HBV/HCV coinfected Huh7-NTCP cells and immunocompetent HCV human receptors transgenic ICR mice.We found that presence of HCV significantly inhibited HBV replication in vitro and in vivo irrespective of the coinfection order,while HBV did not affect HCV replication.Pathological alteration was coincidently reproduced in coinfected mice.In addition to the participation of innate immune response,an involvement of HCV in up-regulating HBV-specific immune responses was described to facilitate HBV clearance.Our systems partially recapitulate HBV/HCV coinfection and unveil the uncharacterized adaptive anti-viral immune responses during coinfection,which renews the knowledge on the nature of indirect viral interaction during HBV/HCV coinfection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31171082)the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(070413138)+1 种基金the Key Research Foundation of the Anhui Provincial Education Department(KJ2009A167)the Foundation of Key Laboratories of Anhui Province and the Anhui Provincial Education Department
文摘The influence of intracortical inhibition on the response adaptation of visual cortical neurons remains in debate. To clarify this issue, in the present study the influence of surround suppression evoked through the local inhibitory interneurons on the adaptation effects of neurons in the primary visual cortex （V1） were observed. Moreover, the adaptations of V1 neurons to both the high-contrast visual stimuli presented in the classical receptive field （CRF） and to the costimulation presented in the CRF and the surrounding nonclassical receptive field （nCRF） were compared. The intensities of surround suppression were modulated with different sized grating stimuli. The results showed that the response adaptation of V1 neurons decreased significantly with the increase of surround suppression and this adaptation decrease was due to the reduction of the initial response of V1 neurons to visual stimuli. However, the plateau response during adaptation showed no significant changes. These findings indicate that the adaptation effects of V1 neurons may not be directly affected by surround suppression, but may be dynamically regulated by a negative feedback network and be finely adjusted by its initial spiking response to stimulus. This adaptive regulation is not only energy efficient for the central nervous system, but also beneficially acts to maintain the homeostasis of neuronal response to long-presenting visual signals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61201321)the Basic Research Foundation of Northwestern Polytechnical University(JC20100217)
文摘Due to low parameter sensitivity for balanced realiza- tions, balanced structure becomes a good candidate for an statespace adaptive infinite impluse response （IIR） filter. Here, using coefficients of the transfer function as the adaptive filtering parameters, a balanced adaptive IIR filtering algorithm is proposed for output-error minimization. The algorithm in the internally balanced realization guarantees that the adaptive IIR filter always minimizes the ratio of maximum-to-minimum eigenvalue of the Grammian matrices at the each iteration. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the proposed algorithm.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFA1800100and 2024YFF1206600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32100664)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024B1515040019 and 2022A1515012042).
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)comprises a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the intestine.Current therapeutic strategies primarily focus on maintaining remission and mitigating the secondary effects rather than reversing its pathogenic mechanisms(Jeong et al.,2019).The pathogenesis of IBD involves intestinal barrier dysfunction,tissue damage,and dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses(de Souza et al.,2017).Elevated neutrophil activity has been reported in IBD(Danne et al.,2024),yet the precise roles and mechanisms of neutrophils in disease progression remain to be elucidated.
文摘Shelford’s law of tolerance is illustrated by a bell-shaped curve depicting the relationship between environmental factor/factors’intensity and its favorability for species or populations.It is a fundamental basis of ecology when considering the regularities of environment impacts on living systems,and applies in plant biology,agriculture and forestry to manage resistance to environmental limiting factors and to enhance productivity.In recent years,the concept of hormesis has been increasingly used to study the dose-response relationships in living organisms of different complexities,including plants.This requires the need for an analysis of the relationships between the hormetic dose-response model and the classical understanding of plant reactions to environments in terms of Shelford’s law of tolerance.This paper analyses various dimensions of the relationships between the hormetic model and Shelford’s tolerance law curve under the influence of natural environmental factors on plants,which are limiting for plants both in deficiency and excess.The analysis has shown that Shelford’s curve and hormetic model do not contradict but instead complement each other.The hormetic response of plants is localized in the stress zone of the Shelford’s curve when adaptive mechanisms are disabled within the ecological optimum.At the same time,in a species range,the ecological optimum is the most favorable combination of all or at least the most important environmental factors,each of which usually deviates slightly from its optimal value.Adaptive mechanisms cannot be completely disabled in the optimum,and hormesis covers optimum and stress zones.Hormesis can modify the plant tolerance range to environmental factors by preconditioning and makes limits of plant tolerance to environmental factors flexible to a certain extent.In turn,as a result of tolerance range evolution,quantitative characteristics of hormesis(width and magnitude of hormetic zone)as well as the range of stimulating doses,may significantly differ in various plant species and even populations and intra-population groups,including plants at different development stages.Using hormetic preconditioning for managing plant resistance to environmental limiting factors provides an important perspective for increasing the productivity of woody plants in forestry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 30670281) Chinese Ministry of Education (Project No. 20070319006) and Nanjing Normal University
文摘We maintained adult many-lined sun skinks(Mabuya multifasciata; 12 females and 12 males) collected from Hainan(southern China) in September 2006 in two outdoor enclosures to examine the effect of feeding condition on selected body temperature(Tsel).Skinks shifted their thermal preferences when fasted.Temporal variation in Tsel was not found within each sex feeding condition combination,and neither in fed nor in fasted skinks did the mean values for Tsel differ between sexes.Body temperatures selected by fed skinks fell within the range from 30.2 to 33.9 C,and those selected by fasted skinks within the range from 25.1 to 31.8 C.Body temperatures(31.8 0.3 C) selected by fed skinks were on average 4.0 C higher than those(27.8 0.4 C) selected by fasted skinks.Fasted skinks had no difficulty in attaining higher body temperatures,but they voluntarily shift their thermal preferences downwards to save energy.This finding suggests an adaptive mechanism adopted by many-lined sun skinks to enhance their fitness during the periods when food availability is low.
文摘As the consumption of fructose and saturated fatty acids(FAs) has greatly increased in western diets and is linked with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome,the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a mod-erate(10 weeks) and a prolonged(30 weeks) high fructose and saturated fatty acid(HFS) diet on plasma FA com-position in rats.The effects of a few weeks of HFS diet had already been described,but in this paper we tried to es-tablish whether these effects persist or if they are modified after 10 or 30 weeks.We hypothesized that the plasma FA profile would be altered between 10 and 30 weeks of the HFS diet.Rats fed with either the HFS or a standard diet were tested after 10 weeks and again after 30 weeks.After 10 weeks of feeding,HFS-fed rats developed the metabolic syndrome,as manifested by an increase in fasting insulinemia,total cholesterol and triglyceride levels,as well as by impaired glucose tolerance.Furthermore,the plasma FA profile of the HFS group showed higher proportions of monounsaturated FAs like palmitoleic acid [16:1(n-7)] and oleic acid [18:1(n-9)],whereas the proportions of some polyunsaturated n-6 FAs,such as linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] and arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)],were lower than those in the control group.After 30 weeks of the HFS diet,we observed changes mainly in the levels of 16:1(n-7)(decreased) and 20:4(n-6)(increased).Together,our results suggest that an HFS diet could lead to an adaptive response of the plasma FA profile over time,in association with the development of the metabolic syndrome.
