AIM: To assess the prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in paediatric practice, and to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction with dietetic treatment.METHODS: A cross-sectional epidem...AIM: To assess the prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in paediatric practice, and to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction with dietetic treatment.METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was first carried out. A total of 285 paediatricians included 3487 children seen during a period of one week. In a second phase an observational, prospective and multicentre study was conducted and 2069 milk-fed infants with mild gastrointestinal disorders (colic, constipation, regurgitation and diarrhoea) were included. There was a baseline visit (start of treatment) and a final visit four weeks later. The effectiveness of the various Novalac formulas, as well as the satisfaction of the parents/tutors and paediatricians with the dietetic treatment were assessed at the final visit.RESULTS: The prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders was 27.8% of all paediatrician consultations (9.2%, 7.8%, 6.1% and 4.6% in relation to colic, constipation, regurgitation and diarrhoea, respectively). The several Novalac adapted milk formulas resolved 88.4% of the mild gastrointestinal disorders. Depending on the type of disorder, differences in response rate were observed. The highest effectiveness was recorded with respect to diarrhoea (92.6%), followed by constipation (91.6%), colic (87.6%) and regurgitation (81%). Overall, 91% of the paediatricians and 88.8% of the parents/tutors were satisfied or very satisfied with the Novalac adapted milk formulas.CONCLUSION: Mild gastrointestinal disorders show a high prevalence in paediatric practice. The Novalac adapted milk formulas have been shown to be effective in treating mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in the context of routine clinical practice.展开更多
The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calib...The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago(Zeder and Hesse,2000).A variety of well-adapted goat breeds with excellent economic traits have been selected artificially and naturally for human needs in China,Pakistan,and Nepal.For example,cashmere goat breeds produce fine cashmere wool and are mainly distributed on the Himalayan Plateau(e.g.,Nepal and Xizang,China)and in cold northern China(e.g.,Inner Mongolia and Liaoning).The Toggenburg dairy goat is the most productive breed of dairy goat and is distributed in at least 50 countries on all continents(Ferro et al.,2017).Pakistani ewes are reared mostly for meat and wool purposes,but some are used as dairy goats,such as the Bugi Toori goat and Pateri goat(Bilal et al.,2018).Additionally,indigenous goats of the southern Asian regions are well adapted to the local hot environment.Their unique traits and biodiversity serve as genetic resources that can be used for the artificial breeding of goats.Recently,several studies have provided patterns of genome-wide characteristics in goat populations to explore the underlying genetic basis of trait formation and environmental adaptability in China(Zhang et al.,2018),Pakistan(Kumar et al.,2018),and Nepal(Sasazaki et al.,2021),respectively.However,due to the proximity of these geographic regions,the profiles of genetic differences,gene flow,and common genes related to high trait performance between goat populations from China,Pakistan,and Nepal remain unclear.展开更多
A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence...A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence. The scheme on α priori adapted meshes is constructed using a majorant function for the singular component of the discrete solution, which allows us to find α priori a subdomain where the computed solution requires a further improvement. This subdomain is defined by the perturbation parameter ε, the step-size of a uniform mesh in χ, and also by the required accuracy of the discrete solution and the prescribed number of refinement iterations K for improving the solution. To solve the discrete problems aimed at the improvement of the solution, we use uniform meshes on the subdomains. The error of the numerical solution depends weakly on the parameter ε. The scheme converges almost ε-uniformly, precisely, under the condition N^-1 = o （ε^v）, where N denotes the number of nodes in the spatial mesh, and the value v = v（K） can be chosen arbitrarily small for suitable K.展开更多
Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium spp.is responsible for severe agricultural losses in potato,vegetables,and ornamentals.The genus Zantedeschia includes two botanical groups of tuberous ornamental flowers that...Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium spp.is responsible for severe agricultural losses in potato,vegetables,and ornamentals.The genus Zantedeschia includes two botanical groups of tuberous ornamental flowers that are highly susceptible to the disease.Previous studies revealed that Z.aethiopica,a member of the section Zantedeschia,is signi ficantly more resistant to Pectobacterium spp.than members of the same genus that belong to the section Aestivae.During early infection,we found different patterns of bacterial colonization on leaves of hosts belonging to the different sections.Similar patterns of bacterial colonization were observed on polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)arti fi cial inert replicas of leaf surfaces.The replicas con fi rmed the physical effect of leaf texture,in addition to a biochemical plant-bacterium interaction.The differential patterns may be associated with the greater roughness of the abaxial leaf surfaces of Aestivae group that have evolutionarily adapted to mountainous environments,as compared to Zantedeschia group species that have adapted to warm,marshy environments.Transverse leafsections also revealed compact aerenchyma and reduced the total volume of leaf tissue air spaces in Aestivae members.Finally,an analysis ofdefense marker genes revealed differential expression patterns in response to infection,with signi ficantly higher levels of lipoxygenase 2(lox 2)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(pal)observed in the more resistant Z.aethiopica,suggesting greater activation of induced systemic resistance(ISR)mechanisms in this group.The use of Zantedeschia as a model plant sheds light on how natural ecological adaptations may underlay resistance to bacterial soft rot in cultivated agricultural environments.展开更多
The aluminum(Al)cation Al^(3+)in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development.Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al^(3+)toxicity,but...The aluminum(Al)cation Al^(3+)in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development.Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al^(3+)toxicity,but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.The four-carbon amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)has been well studied in mammals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter;GABA also controls many physiological responses during environmental or biotic stress.The woody plant hybrid Liriodendron(L.chinense×tulipifera)is widely cultivated in China as a horticultural tree and provides high-quality timber;studying its adaptation to high Al stress is important for harnessing its ecological and economic potential.Here,we performed quantitative iTRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)to study how protein expression is altered in hybrid Liriodendron leaves subjected to Al stress.Hybrid Liriodendron shows differential accumulation of several proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis,sugar and proline metabolism,antioxidant activity,cell autophagy,protein ubiquitination degradation,and anion transport in response to Al damage.We observed that Al stress upregulated glutamate decarboxylase(GAD)and its activity,leading to increased GABA biosynthesis.Additional GABA synergistically increased Al-induced antioxidant enzyme activity to efficiently scavenge ROS,enhanced proline biosynthesis,and upregulated the expression of MATE1/2,which subsequently promoted the efflux of citrate for chelation of Al^(3+).We also showed similar effects of GABA on enhanced Al^(3+)tolerance in Arabidopsis.Thus,our findings suggest a function of GABA signaling in enhancing hybrid Liriodendron tolerance to Al stress through promoting organic acid transport and sustaining the cellular redox and osmotic balance.展开更多
Increased productivity in sorghum has been achieved in the developed world using hybrids.Despite their yield advantage,introduced hybrids have not been adopted in Ethiopia due to the lack of adaptive traits,their shor...Increased productivity in sorghum has been achieved in the developed world using hybrids.Despite their yield advantage,introduced hybrids have not been adopted in Ethiopia due to the lack of adaptive traits,their short plant stature and small grain size.This study was conducted to investigate hybrid performance and the magnitude of heterosis of locally adapted genotypes in addition to introduced hybrids in three contrasting environments in Ethiopia.In total,139 hybrids,derived from introduced seed parents crossed with locally adapted genotypes and introduced R lines,were evaluated.Overall,the hybrids matured earlier than the adapted parents,but had higher grain yield,plant height,grain number and grain weight in all environments.The lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis(BPH) of19%,equating to 1160 kg ha-1and a 29% mean increase in grain yield,in addition to increased plant height and grain weight,in comparison to the hybrids derived from the introduced R lines.The mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and 52%in the intermediate environment equating to 698 kg ha-1and 2031 kg ha-1,respectively,in addition to increased grain weight.The magnitude of heterosis observed for each hybrid group was related to the genetic distance between the parental lines.The majority of hybrids also showed superiority over the standard check varieties.In general,hybrids from locally adapted genotypes were superior in grain yield,plant height and grain weight compared to the high parents and introduced hybrids indicating the potential for hybrids to increase productivity while addressing farmers' required traits.展开更多
Osteocytes act within a hypoxic environment to control key steps in bone formation.FGF23,a critical phosphate-regulating hormone,is stimulated by low oxygen/iron in acute and chronic diseases,however the molecular mec...Osteocytes act within a hypoxic environment to control key steps in bone formation.FGF23,a critical phosphate-regulating hormone,is stimulated by low oxygen/iron in acute and chronic diseases,however the molecular mechanisms directing this process remain unclear.Our goal was to identify the osteocyte factors responsible for FGF23 production driven by changes in oxygen/iron utilization.Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors(HIF-PHI)which stabilize HIF transcription factors,increased Fgf23 in normal mice,as well as in osteocyte-like cells;in mice with conditional osteocyte Fgf23 deletion,circulating i FGF23 was suppressed.An inducible MSC cell line(‘MPC2’)underwent FG-4592 treatment and ATACseq/RNAseq,and demonstrated that differentiated osteocytes significantly increased HIF genomic accessibility versus progenitor cells.Integrative genomics also revealed increased prolyl hydroxylase Egln1(Phd2)chromatin accessibility and expression,which was positively associated with osteocyte differentiation.In mice with chronic kidney disease(CKD),Phd1-3 enzymes were suppressed,consistent with FGF23 upregulation in this model.Conditional loss of Phd2 from osteocytes in vivo resulted in upregulated Fgf23,in line with our findings that the MPC2 cell line lacking Phd2(CRISPR Phd2-KO cells)constitutively activated Fgf23 that was abolished by HIF1αblockade.In vitro,Phd2-KO cells lost iron-mediated suppression of Fgf23 and this activity was not compensated for by Phd1 or-3.In sum,osteocytes become adapted to oxygen/iron sensing during differentiation and are directly sensitive to bioavailable iron.Further,Phd2 is a critical mediator of osteocyte FGF23 production,thus our collective studies may provide new therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases involving disturbed oxygen/iron sensing.展开更多
The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway was initially identified as a non-immunological defense mechanism against virus infections. It is particularly relevant to the suppression of stealth adapted viruses, whic...The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway was initially identified as a non-immunological defense mechanism against virus infections. It is particularly relevant to the suppression of stealth adapted viruses, which are not normally recognized by the cellular immune system. Many of the methods able to enhance the ACE pathway are consistent with the transfer of a natural energy to the body’s fluids. Additional support for this premise is provided in this paper. The vapor pressure and rate of evaporation of activated water, ethanol and gasoline increase to beyond atmospheric pressure over time. The term KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) is proposed for a natural energy that increases the volatility of fluids, seemingly through the loosening of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. KELEA activated fluids have many potential health, agricultural and industrial applications, as well as providing the opportunity for fundamental research.展开更多
Multi-label text categorization refers to the problem of categorizing text througha multi-label learning algorithm. Text classification for Asian languages such as Chinese isdifferent from work for other languages suc...Multi-label text categorization refers to the problem of categorizing text througha multi-label learning algorithm. Text classification for Asian languages such as Chinese isdifferent from work for other languages such as English which use spaces to separate words.Before classifying text, it is necessary to perform a word segmentation operation to converta continuous language into a list of separate words and then convert it into a vector of acertain dimension. Generally, multi-label learning algorithms can be divided into twocategories, problem transformation methods and adapted algorithms. This work will usecustomer's comments about some hotels as a training data set, which contains labels for allaspects of the hotel evaluation, aiming to analyze and compare the performance of variousmulti-label learning algorithms on Chinese text classification. The experiment involves threebasic methods of problem transformation methods: Support Vector Machine, Random Forest,k-Nearest-Neighbor;and one adapted algorithm of Convolutional Neural Network. Theexperimental results show that the Support Vector Machine has better performance.展开更多
The Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi) and Hazel Grouse(T. bonasia) are sibling species that are well-adapted to harsh high-altitude and latitude habitats. In the current study, we sampled and sequenced 29 Chinese Gr...The Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi) and Hazel Grouse(T. bonasia) are sibling species that are well-adapted to harsh high-altitude and latitude habitats. In the current study, we sampled and sequenced 29 Chinese Grouse(n=16) and Hazel Grouse(n=13) from eight locations in China, Sweden,Germany, and northeast Poland to analyze population genetic diversity and structure, introgression, and local adaptation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Infiltration of the breast by leukemic cells is uncommon but may manifest as an oncological emergency requiring prompt management.Extramedullary relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)within t...BACKGROUND Infiltration of the breast by leukemic cells is uncommon but may manifest as an oncological emergency requiring prompt management.Extramedullary relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)within the breast is exceedingly rare and there is paucity of data in the literature regarding this entity.No consensus exists on management of isolated extramedullary breast relapses of T-ALL.Herein,we report a case of isolated extramedullary breast relapse of T-ALL treated with breathing adapted radiation therapy(BART)using the active breathing control(ABC)system.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 33-year-old female with diagnosis of T-ALL.She received intensive systemic chemotherapy that resulted in complete remission of her disease,and then underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.After a 15 mo period without symptoms and signs of progression,the patient presented with palpable masses in both breasts.She complained from severe pain and swelling of the breasts.Imaging workup showed bilateral breast lesions,and diagnosis of breast infiltration by leukemic cells was confirmed after immunohistopathological evaluation.The patient suffering from severe pain,discomfort,and swelling of both breasts due to leukemic infiltration was referred to the Radiation Oncology Department for symptomatic palliation.Whole breast irradiation was delivered to both breasts of the patient with BART using the ABC system.The patient had complete resolution of her symptoms after treatment with BART.CONCLUSION BART with the ABC system resulted in complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms due to leukemic infiltration of both breasts with T-ALL.This contemporary treatment technique should be preferred for radiotherapeutic management of patients with leukemic infiltration of the breasts to achieve effective symptomatic palliation.展开更多
In this paper,we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for a Euclidean C2-smooth surface in the Heisenberg gro...In this paper,we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for a Euclidean C2-smooth surface in the Heisenberg group away from characteristic points and signed geodesic curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for Euclidean C2-smooth curves on surfaces.We get Gauss-Bonnet theorems associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections in the Heisenberg group.展开更多
The existence and uniqueness of solutions to backward stochastic differential equations with jumps and with unbounded stopping time as terminal under the non_Lipschitz condition are obtained. The convergence of soluti...The existence and uniqueness of solutions to backward stochastic differential equations with jumps and with unbounded stopping time as terminal under the non_Lipschitz condition are obtained. The convergence of solutions and the continuous dependence of solutions on parameters are also derived. Then the probabilistic interpretation of solutions to some kinds of quasi_linear elliptic type integro_differential equations is obtained.展开更多
We predict the densities of crystalline hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX)by introducing a factor of(1+1.5×10^(−4) T)into the wavefunction-based potential of RDX constructed from first principles using ...We predict the densities of crystalline hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX)by introducing a factor of(1+1.5×10^(−4) T)into the wavefunction-based potential of RDX constructed from first principles using the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory and the Williams–Stone–Misquitta method.The predicted values are within an accuracy of 1%of the density from 0 to 430 K and closely reproduced the RDX densities under hydrostatic compression.This work heralds a promising approach to predicting accurately the densities of high explosives at temperatures and pressures to which they are often subjected,which is a long-standing issue in the field of energetic materials.展开更多
Cytopathic “stealth-adapted” viruses bypass the cellular immune defense mechanisms because of molecular deletion or mutation of critical antigen coding genes. They, therefore, do not provoke the inflammatory reactio...Cytopathic “stealth-adapted” viruses bypass the cellular immune defense mechanisms because of molecular deletion or mutation of critical antigen coding genes. They, therefore, do not provoke the inflammatory reaction typical of infections with the conventional viruses from which stealth adapted viruses are derived. Stealth adapted viruses establish persistent, systemic virus infections, which commonly involve the brain. The brain damage can cause major mood and cognitive disorders, fatigue, seizures and various manifestations of an impaired autonomic nervous system. Symptoms can also result from: 1) induced autoimmunity, 2) antibody formation against virus antigens, 3) virus-induced cellular damage to non-brain tissues and 4) induced heightened overall immune reactivity, such that normally unrecognized components of the virus begin to become targeted by the cellular immune system. This last mechanism is relevant to the reported neurological and psychiatric adverse effects of vaccination in certain individuals. It is also appropriate to consider the infectious component of stealth adapted virus infections since family members and others may be at risk for becoming infected.展开更多
Using the Walsh-Fourier transform, we give a construction of compactly supported nonstationary dyadic wavelets on the positive half-line. The masks of these wavelets are the Walsh polynomials defined by finite sets of...Using the Walsh-Fourier transform, we give a construction of compactly supported nonstationary dyadic wavelets on the positive half-line. The masks of these wavelets are the Walsh polynomials defined by finite sets of parameters. Application to compression of fractal functions are also discussed.展开更多
Outlaws of the Marsh is familiar to both Chinese and Westerners. Through the long history it can still gain a remarkable statusin literature. This paper aims to analysis the adapted version of its translation and try ...Outlaws of the Marsh is familiar to both Chinese and Westerners. Through the long history it can still gain a remarkable statusin literature. This paper aims to analysis the adapted version of its translation and try to give some inspiration on translation practice.展开更多
Hepatitis A virus, HM-175 strain, adapted to low temperature was cultivated in BSC-1 cell culture.Replication of the virus was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA), radioimmunofocus assay (RIFA) and dot blot hybridizatio...Hepatitis A virus, HM-175 strain, adapted to low temperature was cultivated in BSC-1 cell culture.Replication of the virus was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA), radioimmunofocus assay (RIFA) and dot blot hybridization. The results showed that, of the 7 low temperature-adapted(LTA) strains studied, strain E, F and D gave the highest titer in BSC-1 cell culture. This culture system was proved to be suitable for the study of the characteristic of temperature mutants of HAV.展开更多
文摘AIM: To assess the prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in paediatric practice, and to evaluate the effectiveness and satisfaction with dietetic treatment.METHODS: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was first carried out. A total of 285 paediatricians included 3487 children seen during a period of one week. In a second phase an observational, prospective and multicentre study was conducted and 2069 milk-fed infants with mild gastrointestinal disorders (colic, constipation, regurgitation and diarrhoea) were included. There was a baseline visit (start of treatment) and a final visit four weeks later. The effectiveness of the various Novalac formulas, as well as the satisfaction of the parents/tutors and paediatricians with the dietetic treatment were assessed at the final visit.RESULTS: The prevalence of mild gastrointestinal disorders was 27.8% of all paediatrician consultations (9.2%, 7.8%, 6.1% and 4.6% in relation to colic, constipation, regurgitation and diarrhoea, respectively). The several Novalac adapted milk formulas resolved 88.4% of the mild gastrointestinal disorders. Depending on the type of disorder, differences in response rate were observed. The highest effectiveness was recorded with respect to diarrhoea (92.6%), followed by constipation (91.6%), colic (87.6%) and regurgitation (81%). Overall, 91% of the paediatricians and 88.8% of the parents/tutors were satisfied or very satisfied with the Novalac adapted milk formulas.CONCLUSION: Mild gastrointestinal disorders show a high prevalence in paediatric practice. The Novalac adapted milk formulas have been shown to be effective in treating mild gastrointestinal disorders in milk-fed infants in the context of routine clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31961143021)the earmarked fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(CARS-3901)+1 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China(ASTIP-IAS01)to Y.M.and L.J.supported by the Elite Youth Program in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the oldest domesticated animal species,with archeological evidence indicating that its earliest domestication from the wild ancestor(bezoar)occurred in the Fertile Crescent 10,000 calibrated calendar years ago(Zeder and Hesse,2000).A variety of well-adapted goat breeds with excellent economic traits have been selected artificially and naturally for human needs in China,Pakistan,and Nepal.For example,cashmere goat breeds produce fine cashmere wool and are mainly distributed on the Himalayan Plateau(e.g.,Nepal and Xizang,China)and in cold northern China(e.g.,Inner Mongolia and Liaoning).The Toggenburg dairy goat is the most productive breed of dairy goat and is distributed in at least 50 countries on all continents(Ferro et al.,2017).Pakistani ewes are reared mostly for meat and wool purposes,but some are used as dairy goats,such as the Bugi Toori goat and Pateri goat(Bilal et al.,2018).Additionally,indigenous goats of the southern Asian regions are well adapted to the local hot environment.Their unique traits and biodiversity serve as genetic resources that can be used for the artificial breeding of goats.Recently,several studies have provided patterns of genome-wide characteristics in goat populations to explore the underlying genetic basis of trait formation and environmental adaptability in China(Zhang et al.,2018),Pakistan(Kumar et al.,2018),and Nepal(Sasazaki et al.,2021),respectively.However,due to the proximity of these geographic regions,the profiles of genetic differences,gene flow,and common genes related to high trait performance between goat populations from China,Pakistan,and Nepal remain unclear.
文摘A boundary value problem is considered for a singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion equation; we construct a finite difference scheme on α priori （sequentially） adapted meshes and study its convergence. The scheme on α priori adapted meshes is constructed using a majorant function for the singular component of the discrete solution, which allows us to find α priori a subdomain where the computed solution requires a further improvement. This subdomain is defined by the perturbation parameter ε, the step-size of a uniform mesh in χ, and also by the required accuracy of the discrete solution and the prescribed number of refinement iterations K for improving the solution. To solve the discrete problems aimed at the improvement of the solution, we use uniform meshes on the subdomains. The error of the numerical solution depends weakly on the parameter ε. The scheme converges almost ε-uniformly, precisely, under the condition N^-1 = o （ε^v）, where N denotes the number of nodes in the spatial mesh, and the value v = v（K） can be chosen arbitrarily small for suitable K.
基金the Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture(Grant No.20-01-0193).
文摘Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium spp.is responsible for severe agricultural losses in potato,vegetables,and ornamentals.The genus Zantedeschia includes two botanical groups of tuberous ornamental flowers that are highly susceptible to the disease.Previous studies revealed that Z.aethiopica,a member of the section Zantedeschia,is signi ficantly more resistant to Pectobacterium spp.than members of the same genus that belong to the section Aestivae.During early infection,we found different patterns of bacterial colonization on leaves of hosts belonging to the different sections.Similar patterns of bacterial colonization were observed on polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)arti fi cial inert replicas of leaf surfaces.The replicas con fi rmed the physical effect of leaf texture,in addition to a biochemical plant-bacterium interaction.The differential patterns may be associated with the greater roughness of the abaxial leaf surfaces of Aestivae group that have evolutionarily adapted to mountainous environments,as compared to Zantedeschia group species that have adapted to warm,marshy environments.Transverse leafsections also revealed compact aerenchyma and reduced the total volume of leaf tissue air spaces in Aestivae members.Finally,an analysis ofdefense marker genes revealed differential expression patterns in response to infection,with signi ficantly higher levels of lipoxygenase 2(lox 2)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(pal)observed in the more resistant Z.aethiopica,suggesting greater activation of induced systemic resistance(ISR)mechanisms in this group.The use of Zantedeschia as a model plant sheds light on how natural ecological adaptations may underlay resistance to bacterial soft rot in cultivated agricultural environments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071784 and 31770715)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20181176)Qinglan project of Jiangsu province,Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The aluminum(Al)cation Al^(3+)in acidic soil shows severe rhizotoxicity that inhibits plant growth and development.Most woody plants adapted to acidic soils have evolved specific strategies against Al^(3+)toxicity,but the underlying mechanism remains elusive.The four-carbon amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)has been well studied in mammals as an inhibitory neurotransmitter;GABA also controls many physiological responses during environmental or biotic stress.The woody plant hybrid Liriodendron(L.chinense×tulipifera)is widely cultivated in China as a horticultural tree and provides high-quality timber;studying its adaptation to high Al stress is important for harnessing its ecological and economic potential.Here,we performed quantitative iTRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)to study how protein expression is altered in hybrid Liriodendron leaves subjected to Al stress.Hybrid Liriodendron shows differential accumulation of several proteins related to cell wall biosynthesis,sugar and proline metabolism,antioxidant activity,cell autophagy,protein ubiquitination degradation,and anion transport in response to Al damage.We observed that Al stress upregulated glutamate decarboxylase(GAD)and its activity,leading to increased GABA biosynthesis.Additional GABA synergistically increased Al-induced antioxidant enzyme activity to efficiently scavenge ROS,enhanced proline biosynthesis,and upregulated the expression of MATE1/2,which subsequently promoted the efflux of citrate for chelation of Al^(3+).We also showed similar effects of GABA on enhanced Al^(3+)tolerance in Arabidopsis.Thus,our findings suggest a function of GABA signaling in enhancing hybrid Liriodendron tolerance to Al stress through promoting organic acid transport and sustaining the cellular redox and osmotic balance.
基金AusAID (Australian Agency for International Development) for a scholarship supporting TTM,Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI)the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR) for financially supporting the research activities
文摘Increased productivity in sorghum has been achieved in the developed world using hybrids.Despite their yield advantage,introduced hybrids have not been adopted in Ethiopia due to the lack of adaptive traits,their short plant stature and small grain size.This study was conducted to investigate hybrid performance and the magnitude of heterosis of locally adapted genotypes in addition to introduced hybrids in three contrasting environments in Ethiopia.In total,139 hybrids,derived from introduced seed parents crossed with locally adapted genotypes and introduced R lines,were evaluated.Overall,the hybrids matured earlier than the adapted parents,but had higher grain yield,plant height,grain number and grain weight in all environments.The lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis(BPH) of19%,equating to 1160 kg ha-1and a 29% mean increase in grain yield,in addition to increased plant height and grain weight,in comparison to the hybrids derived from the introduced R lines.The mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and 52%in the intermediate environment equating to 698 kg ha-1and 2031 kg ha-1,respectively,in addition to increased grain weight.The magnitude of heterosis observed for each hybrid group was related to the genetic distance between the parental lines.The majority of hybrids also showed superiority over the standard check varieties.In general,hybrids from locally adapted genotypes were superior in grain yield,plant height and grain weight compared to the high parents and introduced hybrids indicating the potential for hybrids to increase productivity while addressing farmers' required traits.
基金NIH grants F31-DK122679 and T32-HL007910(MLN)a postdoctoral research grant from the Research Foundation–Flanders(FWO/12H5917N)(SS)+6 种基金R01-AR074473(WRT)R21-AR059278,R01-DK112958,and R01-HL145528(KEW)The David Weaver Professorship(KEW)The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center FCRF is funded in part by NIHNational Cancer Institute(NCI)grant P30 CA082709National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases(NIDDK)grant U54DK106846supported in part by NIH instrumentation grant 1S10D012270。
文摘Osteocytes act within a hypoxic environment to control key steps in bone formation.FGF23,a critical phosphate-regulating hormone,is stimulated by low oxygen/iron in acute and chronic diseases,however the molecular mechanisms directing this process remain unclear.Our goal was to identify the osteocyte factors responsible for FGF23 production driven by changes in oxygen/iron utilization.Hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors(HIF-PHI)which stabilize HIF transcription factors,increased Fgf23 in normal mice,as well as in osteocyte-like cells;in mice with conditional osteocyte Fgf23 deletion,circulating i FGF23 was suppressed.An inducible MSC cell line(‘MPC2’)underwent FG-4592 treatment and ATACseq/RNAseq,and demonstrated that differentiated osteocytes significantly increased HIF genomic accessibility versus progenitor cells.Integrative genomics also revealed increased prolyl hydroxylase Egln1(Phd2)chromatin accessibility and expression,which was positively associated with osteocyte differentiation.In mice with chronic kidney disease(CKD),Phd1-3 enzymes were suppressed,consistent with FGF23 upregulation in this model.Conditional loss of Phd2 from osteocytes in vivo resulted in upregulated Fgf23,in line with our findings that the MPC2 cell line lacking Phd2(CRISPR Phd2-KO cells)constitutively activated Fgf23 that was abolished by HIF1αblockade.In vitro,Phd2-KO cells lost iron-mediated suppression of Fgf23 and this activity was not compensated for by Phd1 or-3.In sum,osteocytes become adapted to oxygen/iron sensing during differentiation and are directly sensitive to bioavailable iron.Further,Phd2 is a critical mediator of osteocyte FGF23 production,thus our collective studies may provide new therapeutic targets for skeletal diseases involving disturbed oxygen/iron sensing.
文摘The alternative cellular energy (ACE) pathway was initially identified as a non-immunological defense mechanism against virus infections. It is particularly relevant to the suppression of stealth adapted viruses, which are not normally recognized by the cellular immune system. Many of the methods able to enhance the ACE pathway are consistent with the transfer of a natural energy to the body’s fluids. Additional support for this premise is provided in this paper. The vapor pressure and rate of evaporation of activated water, ethanol and gasoline increase to beyond atmospheric pressure over time. The term KELEA (kinetic energy limiting electrostatic attraction) is proposed for a natural energy that increases the volatility of fluids, seemingly through the loosening of intermolecular hydrogen bonding. KELEA activated fluids have many potential health, agricultural and industrial applications, as well as providing the opportunity for fundamental research.
基金supported by the NSFC (Grant Nos. 61772281,61703212, 61602254)Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation [grant numberBK2160968]the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Edu-cationInstitutions (PAPD) and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on AtmosphericEnvironment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET).
文摘Multi-label text categorization refers to the problem of categorizing text througha multi-label learning algorithm. Text classification for Asian languages such as Chinese isdifferent from work for other languages such as English which use spaces to separate words.Before classifying text, it is necessary to perform a word segmentation operation to converta continuous language into a list of separate words and then convert it into a vector of acertain dimension. Generally, multi-label learning algorithms can be divided into twocategories, problem transformation methods and adapted algorithms. This work will usecustomer's comments about some hotels as a training data set, which contains labels for allaspects of the hotel evaluation, aiming to analyze and compare the performance of variousmulti-label learning algorithms on Chinese text classification. The experiment involves threebasic methods of problem transformation methods: Support Vector Machine, Random Forest,k-Nearest-Neighbor;and one adapted algorithm of Convolutional Neural Network. Theexperimental results show that the Support Vector Machine has better performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31520103903)。
文摘The Chinese Grouse(Tetrastes sewerzowi) and Hazel Grouse(T. bonasia) are sibling species that are well-adapted to harsh high-altitude and latitude habitats. In the current study, we sampled and sequenced 29 Chinese Grouse(n=16) and Hazel Grouse(n=13) from eight locations in China, Sweden,Germany, and northeast Poland to analyze population genetic diversity and structure, introgression, and local adaptation.
文摘BACKGROUND Infiltration of the breast by leukemic cells is uncommon but may manifest as an oncological emergency requiring prompt management.Extramedullary relapse of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(T-ALL)within the breast is exceedingly rare and there is paucity of data in the literature regarding this entity.No consensus exists on management of isolated extramedullary breast relapses of T-ALL.Herein,we report a case of isolated extramedullary breast relapse of T-ALL treated with breathing adapted radiation therapy(BART)using the active breathing control(ABC)system.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 33-year-old female with diagnosis of T-ALL.She received intensive systemic chemotherapy that resulted in complete remission of her disease,and then underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.After a 15 mo period without symptoms and signs of progression,the patient presented with palpable masses in both breasts.She complained from severe pain and swelling of the breasts.Imaging workup showed bilateral breast lesions,and diagnosis of breast infiltration by leukemic cells was confirmed after immunohistopathological evaluation.The patient suffering from severe pain,discomfort,and swelling of both breasts due to leukemic infiltration was referred to the Radiation Oncology Department for symptomatic palliation.Whole breast irradiation was delivered to both breasts of the patient with BART using the ABC system.The patient had complete resolution of her symptoms after treatment with BART.CONCLUSION BART with the ABC system resulted in complete resolution of the patient’s symptoms due to leukemic infiltration of both breasts with T-ALL.This contemporary treatment technique should be preferred for radiotherapeutic management of patients with leukemic infiltration of the breasts to achieve effective symptomatic palliation.
文摘In this paper,we compute sub-Riemannian limits of Gaussian curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for a Euclidean C2-smooth surface in the Heisenberg group away from characteristic points and signed geodesic curvature associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections and the adapted connection for Euclidean C2-smooth curves on surfaces.We get Gauss-Bonnet theorems associated to two kinds of Schouten-Van Kampen affine connections in the Heisenberg group.
文摘The existence and uniqueness of solutions to backward stochastic differential equations with jumps and with unbounded stopping time as terminal under the non_Lipschitz condition are obtained. The convergence of solutions and the continuous dependence of solutions on parameters are also derived. Then the probabilistic interpretation of solutions to some kinds of quasi_linear elliptic type integro_differential equations is obtained.
基金by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 10832003.
文摘We predict the densities of crystalline hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine(RDX)by introducing a factor of(1+1.5×10^(−4) T)into the wavefunction-based potential of RDX constructed from first principles using the symmetry-adapted perturbation theory and the Williams–Stone–Misquitta method.The predicted values are within an accuracy of 1%of the density from 0 to 430 K and closely reproduced the RDX densities under hydrostatic compression.This work heralds a promising approach to predicting accurately the densities of high explosives at temperatures and pressures to which they are often subjected,which is a long-standing issue in the field of energetic materials.
文摘Cytopathic “stealth-adapted” viruses bypass the cellular immune defense mechanisms because of molecular deletion or mutation of critical antigen coding genes. They, therefore, do not provoke the inflammatory reaction typical of infections with the conventional viruses from which stealth adapted viruses are derived. Stealth adapted viruses establish persistent, systemic virus infections, which commonly involve the brain. The brain damage can cause major mood and cognitive disorders, fatigue, seizures and various manifestations of an impaired autonomic nervous system. Symptoms can also result from: 1) induced autoimmunity, 2) antibody formation against virus antigens, 3) virus-induced cellular damage to non-brain tissues and 4) induced heightened overall immune reactivity, such that normally unrecognized components of the virus begin to become targeted by the cellular immune system. This last mechanism is relevant to the reported neurological and psychiatric adverse effects of vaccination in certain individuals. It is also appropriate to consider the infectious component of stealth adapted virus infections since family members and others may be at risk for becoming infected.
文摘Using the Walsh-Fourier transform, we give a construction of compactly supported nonstationary dyadic wavelets on the positive half-line. The masks of these wavelets are the Walsh polynomials defined by finite sets of parameters. Application to compression of fractal functions are also discussed.
文摘Outlaws of the Marsh is familiar to both Chinese and Westerners. Through the long history it can still gain a remarkable statusin literature. This paper aims to analysis the adapted version of its translation and try to give some inspiration on translation practice.
文摘Hepatitis A virus, HM-175 strain, adapted to low temperature was cultivated in BSC-1 cell culture.Replication of the virus was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA), radioimmunofocus assay (RIFA) and dot blot hybridization. The results showed that, of the 7 low temperature-adapted(LTA) strains studied, strain E, F and D gave the highest titer in BSC-1 cell culture. This culture system was proved to be suitable for the study of the characteristic of temperature mutants of HAV.
