Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a...Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a rational utilization of these biodegradable organic wastes,which is of vital importance for alleviating environmental deterioration and reducing resource waste.Electrode materials and accelerants are the two major factors that affect methane production in the MEC-AD system.They affect microbial attachment and electron transfer in the MEC-AD system.Bio-based carbon materials are carbon materials prepared from biomass as raw materials.They have characteristics such as a rich pore structure,good chemical stability,biocompatibility,and controllable surface properties,which can be used as accelerants and electrodes in the MEC-AD system to optimize its performance.This study was to investigate the influence of biomass-derived carbon as an electrode and accelerant on the performance of the MEC-AD system,and the mechanism for increasing the production of biogas and methane was also analyzed,thus providing a basis for the multifunctional application of biomass-derived carbon in the MEC-AD system.Methods A series of experimental methods were adopted to study the MEC-AD system.Two types of bio-based carbon,i.e.,aloe vera waste derived spherical carbon(AVW-SC)and porous carbon(AVW-PC),were synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization.The raw AVW material was washed with water,dried,ground,and subjected to hydrothermal treatment to obtain AVW-SC.After activating AVW-SC with KOH,it was carbonized in a tube furnace to obtain AVW-PC.In the preparation of the electrodes,bio-based carbon(AVW-SC and AVW-PC)was mixed with 5%polytetrafluoroethylene powder in ethanol and deionized water,and then ground in a ball mill for 4 h to form a slurry.The slurry was evenly sprayed on the Ti mesh,dried and sintered in N2 atmosphere at 360℃to obtain Ti-SC and Ti-PC electrodes.Four groups of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal voltage,compare different carbon electrodes,and explore the optimal coating amount.The MEC-AD reactor adopted 500 mL wide-mouthed glass bottles with a working volume of 400 mL.Each MEC-AD system received a co-substrate mixture of cattle dung and aloe vera waste and inoculum of sewage sludge in a mass ratio of 3:7.Afterward,they were placed at(36±1)℃for 35 d.The biogas was collected by a water displacement method.The materials were analyzed by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and electrochemical tests were conducted on different electrodes.The composition,pH,TS,VS,TCOD and nutrient content of biogas were analyzed by standard chemical methods.Microbial community analysis was conducted using high-throughput sequencing technology.The modified Gompertz model was adopted to predict the kinetic parameters,and the coulombic efficiency and methane recovery rate were calculated according to a specific formula.Results and discussion The result shows that AVW-SC is spherical and closely aggregated,while AVW-PC has a three-dimensional network structure,with average pore diameter of 9.77 nm.The electron exchange capacity(EEC)of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.75μmol·e-/g)is higher than that of AVW-SC(i.e.,0.15μmol·e-/g),indicating a better electron exchange capacity.These results indicate that AVW-PC provides more substrate and bacteria accumulation sites,and has better electron-donating and electron-accepting ability,thus improving the digestion efficiency.In the MEC-AD system,using Ti mesh as an electrode,the effect of different voltages(i.e.,0,0.4,0.6,0.8 V and 1.2 V)on the system performance is investigated,obtaining the optimum biogas production and organic matter degradation rate at 0.8 V.AVW-SC and AVW-PC are respectively coated on Ti mesh as electrodes.The results show that the MEC-AD system with AVW-PC coated Ti mesh as the electrode has a better performance.The electrochemical analysis shows that the electrode coated with AVW-PC has a larger specific capacitance and a smaller charge transfer resistance,indicating that AVW-PC can improve the electrochemical properties and electron transfer ability of MEC-AD system.The influence of coating amount(i.e.,0.025,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 g)of AVW-PC on the MEC-AD system is investigated.At a coating amount of AVW-PC of 0.1 g,the cumulative biogas production and methane content of the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) group both reach the maximum values.Different doses of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%,and 0.25%)are added as accelerants in Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1).At the addition amount of AVW-PC of 0.20%,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group performs the optimum biogas production(i.e.,633.63 mL/g VS),methane content(i.e.,65.85%),and total nutrient content of biogas residue(i.e.,42.30 g/kg).In Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2,Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinacea and Methanosaetaceae significantly increase.The increase in microbial diversity promotes interspecific hydrogen transfer(IHT),interspecific acetic transfer(IAT),and direct interspecific electron transfer(DIET),thereby enhancing methanogenic efficiency.Conclusions AVW-SC and AVW-PC were utilized as electrodes and accelerants to enhance methane yield in MEC-AD system.The Ti mesh electrode coated with different concentrations of AVW-PC achieved the optimal biogas production at 0.8 V.Specifically,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) combination could generate the maximum total amount of biogas and methane proportion.The Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 combination exhibited the optimum performance(i.e.,biogas yield of 633.63 mL/g VS,methane content of 65.85%and total nutritional content of 42.30 g/kg).High abundances of Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinaceae,and Methanosaetaceae appeared in the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group,compared to other groups.In addition,an increased microbial diversity led to an enhanced methane production through processes like DIET.This research could highlight the potential significance of AVW-PC as both electrode and accelerator for increasing methane production and provide a perspective for improving MEC-AD performance through multiple applications of biomass-derived carbon.展开更多
The dyeing behavior of cationic dyes to acrylic fiber with self-made low temperature dyeing accelerant was investigated in this study. Compared with conventional dyeing, the acrylic yarn was dyed with Cationic Turquoi...The dyeing behavior of cationic dyes to acrylic fiber with self-made low temperature dyeing accelerant was investigated in this study. Compared with conventional dyeing, the acrylic yarn was dyed with Cationic Turquoise Blue X-GB at 85℃ in the presence of accelerant and absence of accelerant, respectively. The influence of low temperature dyeing aceelerant on the dyeing mechanism of acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dye was analyzed through kinetics and thermodynamics study. The results show that adding dyeing accelerant ran heighten the equilibrium dye-uptake, dyeing rate constants, diffusion coefficients, and shorten half-dyeing time for acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dyes. Furthermore, the partition coefficient, the standard affinity, and the dye saturation value also increased in the dyeing at 85℃.展开更多
Additives are chemical compounds that are added to concrete during its manufacture to modify one or more of its properties. The first additive used in modern concrete was the accelerator, intended to shorten the time ...Additives are chemical compounds that are added to concrete during its manufacture to modify one or more of its properties. The first additive used in modern concrete was the accelerator, intended to shorten the time during which the material is not capable of supporting stress. Traditionally, accelerators have been made from calcium chloride, but today the trend is to use chloride-free additives to prevent reinforcing steel from corroding and thereby make constructions durable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on the concrete of two types of accelerating admixture, using limestone aggregates, under warm sub-humid climate conditions. The applied methodology consisted of the measurement in the laboratory of some of the main properties of concrete in fresh and hardened states, in samples manufactured both with and without accelerators. The results showed that the accelerator without chloride was less effective than the one based on calcium chloride and that without doses of the accelerator, the effectiveness documented by the manufacturers was achieved.展开更多
Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accel...Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accelerator systems.This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laboratory-scale light sources.All-optical inverse Compton scattering(AOCS)sources driven by LWFAs produce high-brightness,quasimonochromatic X rays with micrometer-scale source sizes,delivering the spatial coherence and resolution required for X-ray phase-contrast imaging(XPCI).These features position AOCS X-ray sources as promising tools for applications in biology,medicine,physics,and materials science.However,previous AOCS-based imaging studies have primarily focused on X-ray absorption imaging.In this work,we report successful experimental demonstrations of edge-enhanced in-line XPCI using energy-tunable,quasi-monochromatic AOCS X rays.With a spatial resolution of~20μm,our results clearly show the potential of high-resolution,AOCS-based XPCI applications.展开更多
Purpose-The utilization of alkali-free accelerators,primarily based on aluminum sulfate,in shotcrete often leads to significant shrinkage and cracking,jeopardizing long-term durability.This study aims to mitigate this...Purpose-The utilization of alkali-free accelerators,primarily based on aluminum sulfate,in shotcrete often leads to significant shrinkage and cracking,jeopardizing long-term durability.This study aims to mitigate this issue by investigating the efficacy of silica fume(SF)and fly ash(FA),individually and combined,in controlling the shrinkage deformation of shotcrete.Design/methodology/approach-Shotcrete mixtures were prepared with cement partially replaced by SF,FA,or their combination(SF-FA).Aluminum sulfate was used as an accelerator.The shrinkage behavior under sealed and dry conditions was monitored.The underlying mechanisms were elucidated through hardened airvoid analysis,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),and internal humidity tracking.Findings-Contrary to some previous studies,both individual and combined incorporation of mineral admixtures reduced the 28-day shrinkage.The SF-FA composite exhibited the most substantial reduction(23.72%sealed,17.76%dry),followed by SF alone(18.11%sealed)and FA alone(11.35%sealed).Mechanism analysis revealed that the admixtures refined the pore structure,reduced the volume of harmful pores,and,crucially,optimized the air-void system by increasing the population of fine bubbles.This created an internal buffering effect that alleviates capillary stress.The synergistic effect in the SF-FA group is attributed to complementary pore-filling at dual scales.Originality/value-This work demonstrates that,within an aluminum sulfate-accelerated shotcrete system,silica fume can effectively reduce shrinkage when its pore-refining effect is counterbalanced by a welloptimized micro-bubble network.It provides the first comprehensive evidence of the synergistic shrinkagereducing mechanism of SF and FA in such systems,offering a practical strategy for mix design optimization to enhance the volume stability of shotcrete.展开更多
To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and ch...To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and chopper)cutters.Rock mechanics,drillability,and acoustic emission indentation tests revealed the drilling resistance characteristics of the limestone:average uniaxial compressive strength of 202.472 MPa,tensile strength of 7.092 MPa,and drillability of 7.866.We evaluated the performance differences between the shaped cutters before introducing an efficient and innovative finite-discrete-infinite element method(FDIEM)to establish an interaction model between the shaped cutters and limestone.The simulation results indicated the following:(1)The shaped cutters demonstrated superior rock-breaking performance compared to the traditional cylindrical cutter.(2)Compared with the cylindrical cutter,the ridge cutter yielded the lowest peak indentation force and mechanical specific energy,with reductions of 8.71%and 33.83%,respectively.This confirmed that the ridge cutter had the optimal tooth profile for the target formation.Its rock-breaking mechanism relied on the convex edges to induce localized high stress in the rock,which enabled efficient rock fragmentation via a plowing mode while mitigating frictional resistance from cuttings.(3)The novel chopper cutter with its secondary step surface exerted a buffering effect on the cuttings,thereby achieving high cutting stability.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the design of personalized drill bits and the acceleration of the rate of penetration(ROP)in deep hard rock formations.展开更多
China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have alwa...China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have always been a priority in national development.At its fourth plenary session held in October 2025,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)once again emphasized the need to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,and advance all-around rural revitalization over the next five years.展开更多
The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of...The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.展开更多
The dissolution of iron from the cathode and electrode/electrolyte interface(EEI)during long cycles significantly accelerates the aging process of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/graphite batteries;there is a lack of systematic under...The dissolution of iron from the cathode and electrode/electrolyte interface(EEI)during long cycles significantly accelerates the aging process of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/graphite batteries;there is a lack of systematic understanding of the spatial distribution of the EEI interface layer and the dissolve of Fe ions,especially in terms of the mechanism of the cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI),solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and iron dissolution.In this study,aged cells were subjected to continuous activation with constant current and multi-step segmented indirect activation(IA)and analyzed for capacity fade,impedance growth,and active Li^(+)mass loss at the EEI and nanoscale levels.The interaction between dissolved Fe^(2+)and the EEI in LFP/graphite pouch batteries was proposed and verified.The findings indicate that during IA process,the electric field facilitates the migration of solvated ions toward the electrodes,while simultaneously inhibiting the formation of organic species such as ROCO_(2)Li.The SEI primarily consists of a mixture of organic and inorganic small molecules,forming a continuous and uniform film on the electrode surface.This study demonstrates that IA favors the formation of a uniform EEI and offers constructive insights for advancing accelerated lifetime prediction strategies in lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding metho...The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.展开更多
Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).Ho...Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).展开更多
The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase ...The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase of ICF implosion,the growth of ARTI can be suppressed by using a short-wavelength spatially modulated laser.The ARTI growth rate decreases as the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser decreases,and ARTI is completely suppressed after a certain wavelength has been reached.A spatially uniform laser is introduced to keep the state of motion of the implosion fluid consistent,and it is found that the proportion of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI decreases as the wavelength continues to decrease.We also optimize the spatial intensity distribution of the spatially modulated laser.In addition,as the duration of the spatially modulated laser decreases,the proportion required for completely suppressing ARTI increases,but the required energy decreases.When the perturbation wavenumber decreases,the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI becomes longer.In the case of multimode perturbation,ARTI can also be significantly suppressed by a spatially modulated laser,and the perturbation amplitude can be reduced to less than 10% of that without a spatially modulated laser.We believe that the conclusions drawn from our simulations can provide the basis for new approaches to control ARTI in ICF.展开更多
Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper th...Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.展开更多
Hydrodynamic cavitation,as an efficient technique applied in many physical and chemical treatment methods,has been widely used by various industries and in several technological fields.Relevant generators,designed wit...Hydrodynamic cavitation,as an efficient technique applied in many physical and chemical treatment methods,has been widely used by various industries and in several technological fields.Relevant generators,designed with specific structures and parameters,can produce cavitation effects,thereby enabling effective treatment and reasonable transformation of substances.This paper reviews the design principles,performance,and practical applications associated with different types of cavitation generators,aiming to provide theoretical support for the optimization of these systems.It systematically analyzes the underpinning mechanisms and the various factors influencing the cavitation phenomena,also conducting a comparative analysis of the performance of different types of generators.Specific applications dealing with wastewater treatment,chemical reaction acceleration,and other fields are discussed together with the advantages,disadvantages,and applicability of each type of cavitation generator.We also explore research progress in areas such as cavitation stability,energy efficiency,and equipment design upgrades.The study concludes by forecasting the application prospects of intelligent design and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in optimizing and advancing cavitation generators.It proposes new ideas for the further development of cavitation technology and highlights directions for its widespread future application.展开更多
Superconducting radio-frequency(SRF)cavities are the core components of SRF linear accelerators,making their stable operation considerably important.However,the operational experience from different accelerator labora...Superconducting radio-frequency(SRF)cavities are the core components of SRF linear accelerators,making their stable operation considerably important.However,the operational experience from different accelerator laboratories has revealed that SRF faults are the leading cause of short machine downtime trips.When a cavity fault occurs,system experts analyze the time-series data recorded by low-level RF systems and identify the fault type.However,this requires expertise and intuition,posing a major challenge for control-room operators.Here,we propose an expert feature-based machine learning model for automating SRF cavity fault recognition.The main challenge in converting the"expert reasoning"process for SRF faults into a"model inference"process lies in feature extraction,which is attributed to the associated multidimensional and complex time-series waveforms.Existing autoregression-based feature-extraction methods require the signal to be stable and autocorrelated,resulting in difficulty in capturing the abrupt features that exist in several SRF failure patterns.To address these issues,we introduce expertise into the classification model through reasonable feature engineering.We demonstrate the feasibility of this method using the SRF cavity of the China accelerator facility for superheavy elements(CAFE2).Although specific faults in SRF cavities may vary across different accelerators,similarities exist in the RF signals.Therefore,this study provides valuable guidance for fault analysis of the entire SRF community.展开更多
The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an important direction in the field of intelligent transportation, in which vehicle positioning is a crucial part. SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology play...The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an important direction in the field of intelligent transportation, in which vehicle positioning is a crucial part. SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology plays a crucial role in vehicle localization and navigation. Traditional Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems are designed for use in static environments, and they can result in poor performance in terms of accuracy and robustness when used in dynamic environments where objects are in constant movement. To address this issue, a new real-time visual SLAM system called MG-SLAM has been developed. Based on ORB-SLAM2, MG-SLAM incorporates a dynamic target detection process that enables the detection of both known and unknown moving objects. In this process, a separate semantic segmentation thread is required to segment dynamic target instances, and the Mask R-CNN algorithm is applied on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate segmentation. To reduce computational cost, only key frames are segmented to identify known dynamic objects. Additionally, a multi-view geometry method is adopted to detect unknown moving objects. The results demonstrate that MG-SLAM achieves higher precision, with an improvement from 0.2730 m to 0.0135 m in precision. Moreover, the processing time required by MG-SLAM is significantly reduced compared to other dynamic scene SLAM algorithms, which illustrates its efficacy in locating objects in dynamic scenes.展开更多
The production of cement and concrete using carbonated steel slag as a supplementary cementitious material achieves the dual benefits of efficient steel slag utilization and CO_(2)fixation.In this study,a combination ...The production of cement and concrete using carbonated steel slag as a supplementary cementitious material achieves the dual benefits of efficient steel slag utilization and CO_(2)fixation.In this study,a combination of microbial technology and a rotary kiln process was employed to expedite the carbonation of steel slag for fixation from cement kiln flue gas.This approach resulted in a significant increase in the CO_(2)-fixation rate,with a CO_(2)-fixation ratio of approximately 10%achieved within 1 h and consistent performance across different seasons throughout the year.Investigation revealed that both the CO_(2)-fixation ratio and the particle fineness are pivotal for increasing the soundness and reactivity of steel slag.When the CO_(2)-fixation ratio exceeds 8%and the specific surface area is at least 300 m2∙kg−1,the soundness issue of steel slag can be effectively addressed,facilitating the safe utilization of steel slag.Residual microbes present in the carbonated steel slag powder act as nucleating sites,increasing the hydration rate of the silicate phases in Portland cement to form more hydration products.Microbial regulation results in the biogenic calcium carbonate having smaller crystal sizes,which facilitates the formation of monocarboaluminate to increase the strength of hardened cement paste.At the same CO_(2)-fixation ratio,microbial mineralized steel slag powder exhibits greater hydration activity than carbonated steel slag powder.With a CO_(2)-fixation ratio of 10%and a specific surface area of 600 m^(2)∙kg^(−1),replacing 30%of cement clinker with microbial mineralized steel slag powder yields an activity index of 87.7%.This study provides a sustainable solution for reducing carbon emissions and safely and efficiently utilizing steel slag in the construction materials sector,while expanding the application scope of microbial technology.展开更多
Bedding parallel stepped rock slopes exist widely in nature and are used in slope engineering.They are characterized by complex topography and geological structure and are vulnerable to shattering under strong earthqu...Bedding parallel stepped rock slopes exist widely in nature and are used in slope engineering.They are characterized by complex topography and geological structure and are vulnerable to shattering under strong earthquakes.However,no previous studies have assessed the mechanisms underlying seismic failure in rock slopes.In this study,large-scale shaking table tests and numerical simulations were conducted to delineate the seismic failure mechanism in terms of acceleration,displacement,and earth pressure responses combined with shattering failure phenomena.The results reveal that acceleration response mutations usually occur within weak interlayers owing to their inferior performance,and these mutations may transform into potential sliding surfaces,thereby intensifying the nonlinear seismic response characteristics.Cumulative permanent displacements at the internal corners of the berms can induce quasi-rigid displacements at the external corners,leading to greater permanent displacements at the internal corners.Therefore,the internal corners are identified as the most susceptible parts of the slope.In addition,the concept of baseline offset was utilized to explain the mechanism of earth pressure responses,and the result indicates that residual earth pressures at the internal corners play a dominant role in causing deformation or shattering damage.Four evolutionary deformation phases characterize the processes of seismic responses and shattering failure of the bedding parallel stepped rock slope,i.e.the formation of tensile cracks at the internal corners of the berm,expansion of tensile cracks and bedding surface dislocation,development of vertical tensile cracks at the rear edge,and rock mass slipping leading to slope instability.Overall,this study provides a scientific basis for the seismic design of engineering slopes and offers valuable insights for further studies on preventing seismic disasters in bedding parallel stepped rock slopes.展开更多
This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven second...This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.展开更多
The level of ground shaking,as determined by the peak ground acceleration(PGA),can be used to analyze seismic hazard at a certain location and is crucial for constructing earthquake-resistant structures.Predicting the...The level of ground shaking,as determined by the peak ground acceleration(PGA),can be used to analyze seismic hazard at a certain location and is crucial for constructing earthquake-resistant structures.Predicting the PGA immediately after an earthquake occurs allows for the issuing of a warning by an earthquake early warning system.In this study,we propose a deep learning model,ConvMixer,to predict the PGA recorded by weak-motion velocity seismometers in Japan.We use 5-s threecomponent seismograms,from 2 s before until 3 s after the P-wave arrival time of the earthquake.Our dataset comprised more than 50,000 single-station waveforms recorded by 10 seismic stations in the K-NET,Kiki-NET,and Hi-Net networks between 2004 and 2023.The proposed ConvMixer is a patch-based model that extracts global features from input seismic data and predicts the PGA of an earthquake by combining depth and pointwise convolutions.The proposed ConvMixer network had a mean absolute error of 2.143 when applied to the test set and outperformed benchmark deep learning models.In addition,the proposed ConvMixer demonstrated the ability to predict the PGA at the corresponding station site based on 1-second waveforms obtained immediately after the arrival time of the P-wave.展开更多
文摘Introduction The generation of biological wastes such as cow dung and aloe vera waste(AVW)causes a serious ecological pollution.The microbial electrolytic cell coupled with anaerobic digestion(MEC-AD)system can make a rational utilization of these biodegradable organic wastes,which is of vital importance for alleviating environmental deterioration and reducing resource waste.Electrode materials and accelerants are the two major factors that affect methane production in the MEC-AD system.They affect microbial attachment and electron transfer in the MEC-AD system.Bio-based carbon materials are carbon materials prepared from biomass as raw materials.They have characteristics such as a rich pore structure,good chemical stability,biocompatibility,and controllable surface properties,which can be used as accelerants and electrodes in the MEC-AD system to optimize its performance.This study was to investigate the influence of biomass-derived carbon as an electrode and accelerant on the performance of the MEC-AD system,and the mechanism for increasing the production of biogas and methane was also analyzed,thus providing a basis for the multifunctional application of biomass-derived carbon in the MEC-AD system.Methods A series of experimental methods were adopted to study the MEC-AD system.Two types of bio-based carbon,i.e.,aloe vera waste derived spherical carbon(AVW-SC)and porous carbon(AVW-PC),were synthesized via hydrothermal carbonization.The raw AVW material was washed with water,dried,ground,and subjected to hydrothermal treatment to obtain AVW-SC.After activating AVW-SC with KOH,it was carbonized in a tube furnace to obtain AVW-PC.In the preparation of the electrodes,bio-based carbon(AVW-SC and AVW-PC)was mixed with 5%polytetrafluoroethylene powder in ethanol and deionized water,and then ground in a ball mill for 4 h to form a slurry.The slurry was evenly sprayed on the Ti mesh,dried and sintered in N2 atmosphere at 360℃to obtain Ti-SC and Ti-PC electrodes.Four groups of experiments were conducted to determine the optimal voltage,compare different carbon electrodes,and explore the optimal coating amount.The MEC-AD reactor adopted 500 mL wide-mouthed glass bottles with a working volume of 400 mL.Each MEC-AD system received a co-substrate mixture of cattle dung and aloe vera waste and inoculum of sewage sludge in a mass ratio of 3:7.Afterward,they were placed at(36±1)℃for 35 d.The biogas was collected by a water displacement method.The materials were analyzed by characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and electrochemical tests were conducted on different electrodes.The composition,pH,TS,VS,TCOD and nutrient content of biogas were analyzed by standard chemical methods.Microbial community analysis was conducted using high-throughput sequencing technology.The modified Gompertz model was adopted to predict the kinetic parameters,and the coulombic efficiency and methane recovery rate were calculated according to a specific formula.Results and discussion The result shows that AVW-SC is spherical and closely aggregated,while AVW-PC has a three-dimensional network structure,with average pore diameter of 9.77 nm.The electron exchange capacity(EEC)of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.75μmol·e-/g)is higher than that of AVW-SC(i.e.,0.15μmol·e-/g),indicating a better electron exchange capacity.These results indicate that AVW-PC provides more substrate and bacteria accumulation sites,and has better electron-donating and electron-accepting ability,thus improving the digestion efficiency.In the MEC-AD system,using Ti mesh as an electrode,the effect of different voltages(i.e.,0,0.4,0.6,0.8 V and 1.2 V)on the system performance is investigated,obtaining the optimum biogas production and organic matter degradation rate at 0.8 V.AVW-SC and AVW-PC are respectively coated on Ti mesh as electrodes.The results show that the MEC-AD system with AVW-PC coated Ti mesh as the electrode has a better performance.The electrochemical analysis shows that the electrode coated with AVW-PC has a larger specific capacitance and a smaller charge transfer resistance,indicating that AVW-PC can improve the electrochemical properties and electron transfer ability of MEC-AD system.The influence of coating amount(i.e.,0.025,0.05,0.10,0.15,and 0.20 g)of AVW-PC on the MEC-AD system is investigated.At a coating amount of AVW-PC of 0.1 g,the cumulative biogas production and methane content of the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) group both reach the maximum values.Different doses of AVW-PC(i.e.,0.10%,0.15%,0.20%,and 0.25%)are added as accelerants in Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1).At the addition amount of AVW-PC of 0.20%,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group performs the optimum biogas production(i.e.,633.63 mL/g VS),methane content(i.e.,65.85%),and total nutrient content of biogas residue(i.e.,42.30 g/kg).In Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2,Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinacea and Methanosaetaceae significantly increase.The increase in microbial diversity promotes interspecific hydrogen transfer(IHT),interspecific acetic transfer(IAT),and direct interspecific electron transfer(DIET),thereby enhancing methanogenic efficiency.Conclusions AVW-SC and AVW-PC were utilized as electrodes and accelerants to enhance methane yield in MEC-AD system.The Ti mesh electrode coated with different concentrations of AVW-PC achieved the optimal biogas production at 0.8 V.Specifically,the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1) combination could generate the maximum total amount of biogas and methane proportion.The Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 combination exhibited the optimum performance(i.e.,biogas yield of 633.63 mL/g VS,methane content of 65.85%and total nutritional content of 42.30 g/kg).High abundances of Bacteroidales,Pseudomonadales,Oscillospirales,Methanobacteraceae,Methanospirillaceae,Methanosarcinaceae,and Methanosaetaceae appeared in the Ti_(0.8)-PC_90.1)/PC0.2 group,compared to other groups.In addition,an increased microbial diversity led to an enhanced methane production through processes like DIET.This research could highlight the potential significance of AVW-PC as both electrode and accelerator for increasing methane production and provide a perspective for improving MEC-AD performance through multiple applications of biomass-derived carbon.
基金Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,China (No. 2008C01069-4)
文摘The dyeing behavior of cationic dyes to acrylic fiber with self-made low temperature dyeing accelerant was investigated in this study. Compared with conventional dyeing, the acrylic yarn was dyed with Cationic Turquoise Blue X-GB at 85℃ in the presence of accelerant and absence of accelerant, respectively. The influence of low temperature dyeing aceelerant on the dyeing mechanism of acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dye was analyzed through kinetics and thermodynamics study. The results show that adding dyeing accelerant ran heighten the equilibrium dye-uptake, dyeing rate constants, diffusion coefficients, and shorten half-dyeing time for acrylic fiber dyed with cationic dyes. Furthermore, the partition coefficient, the standard affinity, and the dye saturation value also increased in the dyeing at 85℃.
文摘Additives are chemical compounds that are added to concrete during its manufacture to modify one or more of its properties. The first additive used in modern concrete was the accelerator, intended to shorten the time during which the material is not capable of supporting stress. Traditionally, accelerators have been made from calcium chloride, but today the trend is to use chloride-free additives to prevent reinforcing steel from corroding and thereby make constructions durable. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects on the concrete of two types of accelerating admixture, using limestone aggregates, under warm sub-humid climate conditions. The applied methodology consisted of the measurement in the laboratory of some of the main properties of concrete in fresh and hardened states, in samples manufactured both with and without accelerators. The results showed that the accelerator without chloride was less effective than the one based on calcium chloride and that without doses of the accelerator, the effectiveness documented by the manufacturers was achieved.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0530000)the Discipline Construction Foundation of“Double World-class Project”.
文摘Laser wakefield accelerators(LWFAs)offer acceleration gradients up to 1000 times higher than those of conventional radio-frequency accelerators,offering a pathway to significantly more compact and cost-effective accelerator systems.This breakthrough opens up new possibilities for laboratory-scale light sources.All-optical inverse Compton scattering(AOCS)sources driven by LWFAs produce high-brightness,quasimonochromatic X rays with micrometer-scale source sizes,delivering the spatial coherence and resolution required for X-ray phase-contrast imaging(XPCI).These features position AOCS X-ray sources as promising tools for applications in biology,medicine,physics,and materials science.However,previous AOCS-based imaging studies have primarily focused on X-ray absorption imaging.In this work,we report successful experimental demonstrations of edge-enhanced in-line XPCI using energy-tunable,quasi-monochromatic AOCS X rays.With a spatial resolution of~20μm,our results clearly show the potential of high-resolution,AOCS-based XPCI applications.
文摘Purpose-The utilization of alkali-free accelerators,primarily based on aluminum sulfate,in shotcrete often leads to significant shrinkage and cracking,jeopardizing long-term durability.This study aims to mitigate this issue by investigating the efficacy of silica fume(SF)and fly ash(FA),individually and combined,in controlling the shrinkage deformation of shotcrete.Design/methodology/approach-Shotcrete mixtures were prepared with cement partially replaced by SF,FA,or their combination(SF-FA).Aluminum sulfate was used as an accelerator.The shrinkage behavior under sealed and dry conditions was monitored.The underlying mechanisms were elucidated through hardened airvoid analysis,mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP),and internal humidity tracking.Findings-Contrary to some previous studies,both individual and combined incorporation of mineral admixtures reduced the 28-day shrinkage.The SF-FA composite exhibited the most substantial reduction(23.72%sealed,17.76%dry),followed by SF alone(18.11%sealed)and FA alone(11.35%sealed).Mechanism analysis revealed that the admixtures refined the pore structure,reduced the volume of harmful pores,and,crucially,optimized the air-void system by increasing the population of fine bubbles.This created an internal buffering effect that alleviates capillary stress.The synergistic effect in the SF-FA group is attributed to complementary pore-filling at dual scales.Originality/value-This work demonstrates that,within an aluminum sulfate-accelerated shotcrete system,silica fume can effectively reduce shrinkage when its pore-refining effect is counterbalanced by a welloptimized micro-bubble network.It provides the first comprehensive evidence of the synergistic shrinkagereducing mechanism of SF and FA in such systems,offering a practical strategy for mix design optimization to enhance the volume stability of shotcrete.
基金the National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD1008300)the Major Scientific Research Instrument Development Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52327803).
文摘To address the challenges of rapid bit failure and high drilling costs associated with hard limestone in Sichuan Basin of China,we conducted rock-breaking experiments and simulations of shaped(cylindrical,ridge,and chopper)cutters.Rock mechanics,drillability,and acoustic emission indentation tests revealed the drilling resistance characteristics of the limestone:average uniaxial compressive strength of 202.472 MPa,tensile strength of 7.092 MPa,and drillability of 7.866.We evaluated the performance differences between the shaped cutters before introducing an efficient and innovative finite-discrete-infinite element method(FDIEM)to establish an interaction model between the shaped cutters and limestone.The simulation results indicated the following:(1)The shaped cutters demonstrated superior rock-breaking performance compared to the traditional cylindrical cutter.(2)Compared with the cylindrical cutter,the ridge cutter yielded the lowest peak indentation force and mechanical specific energy,with reductions of 8.71%and 33.83%,respectively.This confirmed that the ridge cutter had the optimal tooth profile for the target formation.Its rock-breaking mechanism relied on the convex edges to induce localized high stress in the rock,which enabled efficient rock fragmentation via a plowing mode while mitigating frictional resistance from cuttings.(3)The novel chopper cutter with its secondary step surface exerted a buffering effect on the cuttings,thereby achieving high cutting stability.This study provides theoretical and technical support for the design of personalized drill bits and the acceleration of the rate of penetration(ROP)in deep hard rock formations.
文摘China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have always been a priority in national development.At its fourth plenary session held in October 2025,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)once again emphasized the need to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,and advance all-around rural revitalization over the next five years.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11804348,11775056,11975154,12225505,and 12405281)the Science Challenge(Project No.TZ2018005)+2 种基金supported by the Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.23PJ1414600)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB0890203)supported by the Accelerator Technology Helmholtz Infrastructure consortium ATHENA.
文摘The effects of initial spin orientation on the final electron beam polarization in laser wakefield acceleration in a pre-polarized plasma are investigated theoretically and numerically.From the results of variation of the initial spin direction,the spin dynamics of the electron beam are found to depend on the self-injection mechanism.The effects of wakefields and laser fields are studied using test particle dynamics and particle-in-cell simulations based on the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation.Compared with transverse injection,longitudinal injection is found to be preferable for obtaining a highly polarized electron beam.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB2401800)the support from Beijing Nova Program(20230484241)+2 种基金the support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M754084)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230931)the support from Initial Energy Science&Technology Co.,Ltd(IEST)。
文摘The dissolution of iron from the cathode and electrode/electrolyte interface(EEI)during long cycles significantly accelerates the aging process of LiFePO_(4)(LFP)/graphite batteries;there is a lack of systematic understanding of the spatial distribution of the EEI interface layer and the dissolve of Fe ions,especially in terms of the mechanism of the cathode-electrolyte interphase(CEI),solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),and iron dissolution.In this study,aged cells were subjected to continuous activation with constant current and multi-step segmented indirect activation(IA)and analyzed for capacity fade,impedance growth,and active Li^(+)mass loss at the EEI and nanoscale levels.The interaction between dissolved Fe^(2+)and the EEI in LFP/graphite pouch batteries was proposed and verified.The findings indicate that during IA process,the electric field facilitates the migration of solvated ions toward the electrodes,while simultaneously inhibiting the formation of organic species such as ROCO_(2)Li.The SEI primarily consists of a mixture of organic and inorganic small molecules,forming a continuous and uniform film on the electrode surface.This study demonstrates that IA favors the formation of a uniform EEI and offers constructive insights for advancing accelerated lifetime prediction strategies in lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,China(Grant No.KFB22045)the General Program of Natural Science Foundation Fujian,China(Grant No.2023J01460).
文摘The doubled haploid(DH)technique accelerates homozygosity by inducing chromosome doubling in haploid embryos derived from hybrid plants.This approach offers significant advantages over conventional rice breeding methods by shortening the breeding cycle and enabling rapid development of pure homozygous lines.Anther culture(AC)has been established as an efficient and successful method for producing DH plants via androgenesis in rice.However,despite its success in japonica rice.
基金supported by the Jilin Science and Technology Development Program,China (20240602032RC)the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZD001)+1 种基金the Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project,China (CXGC2024ZY012)the Jilin Province Development and Reform Commission-Project for Improving the Independent Innovation Capacity of Major Grain Crops,China (2024C002)。
文摘Emerging and powerful genome editing tools,particularly CRISPR/Cas9,are facilitating functional genomics research and accelerating crop improvement(Jiang et al.2021;Cao et al.2023;Chen C et al.2023;Liu et al.2023a).However,the detection and screening of transgenic lines remain major bottlenecks,being time-consuming,labor-intensive,and inefficient during transformation and subsequent mutation identification.A simple and efficient visual marker system plays a critical role in addressing these challenges.Recent studies demonstrated that the GmW1 and RUBY reporter systems were used to obtain visual transgenic soybean(Glycine max) plants(Chen L et al.2023;Chen et al.2024).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.12074399,12204500,and 12004403)the Key Projects of Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation(No.2021YFE0116700)+1 种基金the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.20ZR1464400)the Shanghai Sailing Program(No.22YF1455300).
文摘The suppression of ablative Rayleigh–Taylor instability(ARTI)by a spatially modulated laser in inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is studied through numerical simulations.The results show that in the acceleration phase of ICF implosion,the growth of ARTI can be suppressed by using a short-wavelength spatially modulated laser.The ARTI growth rate decreases as the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser decreases,and ARTI is completely suppressed after a certain wavelength has been reached.A spatially uniform laser is introduced to keep the state of motion of the implosion fluid consistent,and it is found that the proportion of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI decreases as the wavelength continues to decrease.We also optimize the spatial intensity distribution of the spatially modulated laser.In addition,as the duration of the spatially modulated laser decreases,the proportion required for completely suppressing ARTI increases,but the required energy decreases.When the perturbation wavenumber decreases,the wavelength of the spatially modulated laser required for complete suppression of ARTI becomes longer.In the case of multimode perturbation,ARTI can also be significantly suppressed by a spatially modulated laser,and the perturbation amplitude can be reduced to less than 10% of that without a spatially modulated laser.We believe that the conclusions drawn from our simulations can provide the basis for new approaches to control ARTI in ICF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071143,82371000,82270361)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(BE2022795)+2 种基金the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_1801)the Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through the Science,Technology and Education-Jiangsu Provincial Research Hospital Cultivation Unit(YJXYYJSDW4)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Innovation Center(CXZX202227).
文摘Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon(RAP).Despite its therapeutic effects,the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application.Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling.Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1CreERT2;R26GFP lineage tracing system.Fluorescence staining,flow cytometry analysis,and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein(BiP)and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6(ATF6)in macrophages.Then,we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion(ATF6f/f;CX3CR1CreERT2 mice)decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy.In contrast,macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement.In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6.At the mechanism level,RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with Tnfαpromotor and augmenting its transcription.Additionally,molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element(ERSE).Taken together,ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting Tnfαtranscription in macrophages,suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.
文摘Hydrodynamic cavitation,as an efficient technique applied in many physical and chemical treatment methods,has been widely used by various industries and in several technological fields.Relevant generators,designed with specific structures and parameters,can produce cavitation effects,thereby enabling effective treatment and reasonable transformation of substances.This paper reviews the design principles,performance,and practical applications associated with different types of cavitation generators,aiming to provide theoretical support for the optimization of these systems.It systematically analyzes the underpinning mechanisms and the various factors influencing the cavitation phenomena,also conducting a comparative analysis of the performance of different types of generators.Specific applications dealing with wastewater treatment,chemical reaction acceleration,and other fields are discussed together with the advantages,disadvantages,and applicability of each type of cavitation generator.We also explore research progress in areas such as cavitation stability,energy efficiency,and equipment design upgrades.The study concludes by forecasting the application prospects of intelligent design and computational fluid dynamics(CFD)in optimizing and advancing cavitation generators.It proposes new ideas for the further development of cavitation technology and highlights directions for its widespread future application.
基金supported by the studies of intelligent LLRF control algorithms for superconducting RF cavities(No.E129851YR0)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20261)Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Stability Study of Superconducting Linear Accelerators(No.E429851YR0)。
文摘Superconducting radio-frequency(SRF)cavities are the core components of SRF linear accelerators,making their stable operation considerably important.However,the operational experience from different accelerator laboratories has revealed that SRF faults are the leading cause of short machine downtime trips.When a cavity fault occurs,system experts analyze the time-series data recorded by low-level RF systems and identify the fault type.However,this requires expertise and intuition,posing a major challenge for control-room operators.Here,we propose an expert feature-based machine learning model for automating SRF cavity fault recognition.The main challenge in converting the"expert reasoning"process for SRF faults into a"model inference"process lies in feature extraction,which is attributed to the associated multidimensional and complex time-series waveforms.Existing autoregression-based feature-extraction methods require the signal to be stable and autocorrelated,resulting in difficulty in capturing the abrupt features that exist in several SRF failure patterns.To address these issues,we introduce expertise into the classification model through reasonable feature engineering.We demonstrate the feasibility of this method using the SRF cavity of the China accelerator facility for superheavy elements(CAFE2).Although specific faults in SRF cavities may vary across different accelerators,similarities exist in the RF signals.Therefore,this study provides valuable guidance for fault analysis of the entire SRF community.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(grant number 22KJD440001)Changzhou Science&Technology Program(grant number CJ20220232).
文摘The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an important direction in the field of intelligent transportation, in which vehicle positioning is a crucial part. SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology plays a crucial role in vehicle localization and navigation. Traditional Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems are designed for use in static environments, and they can result in poor performance in terms of accuracy and robustness when used in dynamic environments where objects are in constant movement. To address this issue, a new real-time visual SLAM system called MG-SLAM has been developed. Based on ORB-SLAM2, MG-SLAM incorporates a dynamic target detection process that enables the detection of both known and unknown moving objects. In this process, a separate semantic segmentation thread is required to segment dynamic target instances, and the Mask R-CNN algorithm is applied on the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) to accelerate segmentation. To reduce computational cost, only key frames are segmented to identify known dynamic objects. Additionally, a multi-view geometry method is adopted to detect unknown moving objects. The results demonstrate that MG-SLAM achieves higher precision, with an improvement from 0.2730 m to 0.0135 m in precision. Moreover, the processing time required by MG-SLAM is significantly reduced compared to other dynamic scene SLAM algorithms, which illustrates its efficacy in locating objects in dynamic scenes.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFB3802000 and 2021YFB3802004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172016).
文摘The production of cement and concrete using carbonated steel slag as a supplementary cementitious material achieves the dual benefits of efficient steel slag utilization and CO_(2)fixation.In this study,a combination of microbial technology and a rotary kiln process was employed to expedite the carbonation of steel slag for fixation from cement kiln flue gas.This approach resulted in a significant increase in the CO_(2)-fixation rate,with a CO_(2)-fixation ratio of approximately 10%achieved within 1 h and consistent performance across different seasons throughout the year.Investigation revealed that both the CO_(2)-fixation ratio and the particle fineness are pivotal for increasing the soundness and reactivity of steel slag.When the CO_(2)-fixation ratio exceeds 8%and the specific surface area is at least 300 m2∙kg−1,the soundness issue of steel slag can be effectively addressed,facilitating the safe utilization of steel slag.Residual microbes present in the carbonated steel slag powder act as nucleating sites,increasing the hydration rate of the silicate phases in Portland cement to form more hydration products.Microbial regulation results in the biogenic calcium carbonate having smaller crystal sizes,which facilitates the formation of monocarboaluminate to increase the strength of hardened cement paste.At the same CO_(2)-fixation ratio,microbial mineralized steel slag powder exhibits greater hydration activity than carbonated steel slag powder.With a CO_(2)-fixation ratio of 10%and a specific surface area of 600 m^(2)∙kg^(−1),replacing 30%of cement clinker with microbial mineralized steel slag powder yields an activity index of 87.7%.This study provides a sustainable solution for reducing carbon emissions and safely and efficiently utilizing steel slag in the construction materials sector,while expanding the application scope of microbial technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.52108361)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program of China (Grant No.2023YFS0436)the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project (Grant No.SKLGP2022Z015).
文摘Bedding parallel stepped rock slopes exist widely in nature and are used in slope engineering.They are characterized by complex topography and geological structure and are vulnerable to shattering under strong earthquakes.However,no previous studies have assessed the mechanisms underlying seismic failure in rock slopes.In this study,large-scale shaking table tests and numerical simulations were conducted to delineate the seismic failure mechanism in terms of acceleration,displacement,and earth pressure responses combined with shattering failure phenomena.The results reveal that acceleration response mutations usually occur within weak interlayers owing to their inferior performance,and these mutations may transform into potential sliding surfaces,thereby intensifying the nonlinear seismic response characteristics.Cumulative permanent displacements at the internal corners of the berms can induce quasi-rigid displacements at the external corners,leading to greater permanent displacements at the internal corners.Therefore,the internal corners are identified as the most susceptible parts of the slope.In addition,the concept of baseline offset was utilized to explain the mechanism of earth pressure responses,and the result indicates that residual earth pressures at the internal corners play a dominant role in causing deformation or shattering damage.Four evolutionary deformation phases characterize the processes of seismic responses and shattering failure of the bedding parallel stepped rock slope,i.e.the formation of tensile cracks at the internal corners of the berm,expansion of tensile cracks and bedding surface dislocation,development of vertical tensile cracks at the rear edge,and rock mass slipping leading to slope instability.Overall,this study provides a scientific basis for the seismic design of engineering slopes and offers valuable insights for further studies on preventing seismic disasters in bedding parallel stepped rock slopes.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through the European IMPULSE project under Grant Agreement No.871161from LASERLAB-EUROPE V under Grant Agreement No.871124+6 种基金from the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic(Grant No.GM23-05027M)Grant No.PDC2021120933-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033by the European Union Next Generation EU/PRTRsupported by funding from the Ministerio de Ciencia,Innovación y Universidades in Spain through ICTS Equipment Grant No.EQC2018-005230-Pfrom Grant No.PID2021-125389O A-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER,UEby“ERDF A Way of Making Europe”by the European Unionfrom grants of the Junta de Castilla y León with Grant Nos.CLP263P20 and CLP087U16。
文摘This work demonstrates experimentally the close relation between return currents from relativistic laser-driven target polarization and the quality of the relativistic laser–plasma interaction for laser-driven secondary sources,taking as an example ion acceleration by target normal sheath acceleration.The Pearson linear correlation of maximum return current amplitude and proton spectrum cutoff energy is found to be in the range from~0.70 to 0.94.kA-scale return currents rise in all interaction schemes where targets of any kind are charged by escaping laser-accelerated relativistic electrons.Their precise measurement is demonstrated using an inductive scheme that allows operation at high repetition rates.Thus,return currents can be used as a metrological online tool for the optimization of many laser-driven secondary sources and for diagnosing their stability.In particular,in two parametric studies of laser-driven ion acceleration,we carry out a noninvasive online measurement of return currents in a tape target system irradiated by the 1 PW VEGA-3 laser at Centro de Láseres Pulsados:first the size of the irradiated area is varied at best compression of the laser pulse;second,the pulse duration is varied by means of induced group delay dispersion at best focus.This work paves the way to the development of feedback systems that operate at the high repetition rates of PW-class lasers.
基金the National Research Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (NRIAG) for supporting this work
文摘The level of ground shaking,as determined by the peak ground acceleration(PGA),can be used to analyze seismic hazard at a certain location and is crucial for constructing earthquake-resistant structures.Predicting the PGA immediately after an earthquake occurs allows for the issuing of a warning by an earthquake early warning system.In this study,we propose a deep learning model,ConvMixer,to predict the PGA recorded by weak-motion velocity seismometers in Japan.We use 5-s threecomponent seismograms,from 2 s before until 3 s after the P-wave arrival time of the earthquake.Our dataset comprised more than 50,000 single-station waveforms recorded by 10 seismic stations in the K-NET,Kiki-NET,and Hi-Net networks between 2004 and 2023.The proposed ConvMixer is a patch-based model that extracts global features from input seismic data and predicts the PGA of an earthquake by combining depth and pointwise convolutions.The proposed ConvMixer network had a mean absolute error of 2.143 when applied to the test set and outperformed benchmark deep learning models.In addition,the proposed ConvMixer demonstrated the ability to predict the PGA at the corresponding station site based on 1-second waveforms obtained immediately after the arrival time of the P-wave.
