Objectives:Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Philadelphia-like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(Ph+/Ph-like ALL)constitute the majority of relapsed/refractory B-ALL(R/R B-ALL)...Objectives:Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Philadelphia-like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(Ph+/Ph-like ALL)constitute the majority of relapsed/refractory B-ALL(R/R B-ALL)cases,highlighting an urgent need to discover new therapeutic targets.This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying poor prognosis in Ph+/Ph-like ALL through transcriptome sequencing and functional cytological assays,with the goal of informing new clinical treatment strategies.Results:Transcriptomic analysis of Ph+/Ph-like ALL patients revealed that low expression of P2X Purinoceptor 1(P2RX1)was associated with unfavorable outcomes.Specifically,patients with poor prognosis and low P2RX1 expression exhibited downregulation of genes involved in energy and calcium metabolism pathways,along with upregulation of genes governing key cellular processes such as cell proliferation(e.g.,MYC),cell cycle progression(e.g.,CCND2),and apoptosis inhibition(e.g.,DASP6).Cellular experiments demonstrated that SUP-B15 cells overexpressing P2RX1 displayed elevated intracellular levels of ATP,calcium,and glucose,together with enhanced glycolytic capacity,compared to empty vector controls.Treatment of SUP-B15 cells with dexamethasone(Dex),Imatinib,or their combination significantly suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis,which was accompanied by increases in intracellular ATP,calcium,and glucose.Moreover,exogenous ATP administration(a P2RX1 agonist)enhanced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in control cells.Conversely,treatment with NF449(a P2RX1 inhibitor)increased proliferation in both P2RX1-overexpressing and control SUP-B15 cells.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that P2RX1 may exert this function through modulating energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis,resulting in elevated intracellular calcium levels.Sustained elevation of calcium promotes apoptosis,whereas exogenous ATP activates P2RX1,enhances calcium influx,and attenuates the suppression of apoptosis associated with P2RX1 underexpression,ultimately correlating with improved treatment response.展开更多
Given the considerable global interest in the preparation of Ti and TiC,a novel reduction method for TiO_(2) in a CH_(4)-H_(2) atmosphere was proposed,and the reduction thermodynamic behavior,phase equilibrium,and ene...Given the considerable global interest in the preparation of Ti and TiC,a novel reduction method for TiO_(2) in a CH_(4)-H_(2) atmosphere was proposed,and the reduction thermodynamic behavior,phase equilibrium,and energy consumption of TiO_(2) during its reaction with a CH_(4)-H_(2) gas mixture were investigated.The results indicate that the reaction proceeds via a stepwise reduction pathway from TiO_(2) to Ti(C,O),with the Magnéli phase(TinO_(2n-1))and Ti_(3)O_(5) serving as intermediate phases.Notably,the reduction of TiO_(2) by H_(2) is more challenging than that by CH_(4),which may be attributed to the inhibitory effect of H_(2) on the surface carbon precipitation.For the complete carbonization of 1 mol TiO_(2),the total energy required at 1000,1100,and 1200℃is 1159,925,and 977 kJ/mol,respectively,which may be related to the shift of gas-phase equilibrium and the increase in side reactions at high temperatures.展开更多
NASICON type solid electrolyte Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ge_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LAGP)is one of the most potential candidates in view of their high ionic conductivity,high oxidation resistance and excellent air stability.However,ine...NASICON type solid electrolyte Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ge_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LAGP)is one of the most potential candidates in view of their high ionic conductivity,high oxidation resistance and excellent air stability.However,inevitable interface issues often cause severe performance degradation,seriously affecting its commercial application.Herein,a lithiophilic carbon buffer layer is constructed on the LAGP surface adjacent to the Li electrode side by a facile pyrolysis reaction,then the LiC_(x) interlayer is generated in situ between the carbon buffer layer and lithium metal,which can guide uniform ion transport while improving interface contact.Thus,the LiC_(x)-LAGP showed excellent ionic conductivity,high flexibility and lithiophilic interphase.Specially,the Li|LiC_(x)-LAGP|Li battery has achieved a 1000 h stable cycles at 0.1 mA/cm^(2),remarkably,the Li|LiC_(x)-LAGP|LFP battery retains 85%of their initial capacity after 200 cycles under 1 C,even for the NCM811 cathode,the battery still has a good cycle performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is linked to an earlier onset and heightened severity of urinary complications,particularly bladder dysfunction,which profoundly impacts patient quality of life.Overactive bladder(OAB)i...BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is linked to an earlier onset and heightened severity of urinary complications,particularly bladder dysfunction,which profoundly impacts patient quality of life.Overactive bladder(OAB)is a common storage disorder of the lower urinary tract and is characterized by urgency,frequency,and nocturia.Several factors contribute to bladder dysfunction in diabetic individuals,including changes in urothelial signaling,detrusor morphology,and central nervous system regulation.The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel,expressed by bladder urothelial cells,is upregulated in OAB and plays a crucial role in ATP release during bladder filling.This ATP release subsequently activates purinergic receptor P2X3,further exacerbating OAB symptoms.AIM To clarify the mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)metabolic surgery to improve OAB in type 2 DM(T2DM).METHODS The model of T2DM was induced by feeding a high-fat diet to mice for 16 weeks.After 16 weeks,sham operation and RYGB operation were performed.The related indexes of glucose metabolism were also detected to evaluate the therapeutic effect,and the recovery degree of bladder function and micturition behavior of mice was assessed by urodynamics and micturition spot analysis.RESULTS Compared with the normal mice in the sham group,T2DM mice had increased urine spot count,uncontrolled urination behavior,shortened urination interval,and reduced bladder capacity.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence costaining showed that Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)and purinergic receptor P2X3 were both expressed in mouse bladder epithelial layer,and they had the same localization.In the bladder of T2DM mice,the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 were significantly increased.The ATP content in urine of T2DM mice was significantly higher than that of the sham group.After RYGB operation,the glucose metabolism index of the RYGB group was significantly improved compared with the OAB group.Comparing the results of urine spots,urodynamics,and histology,it was found that the function and morphological structure of the bladder in the RYGB group also recovered obviously.Compared with the OAB group,the expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 in the RYGB group was downregulated,and the level of inflammatory factors was significantly decreased.RYGB significantly decreased the content of ATP in urine and activated AMPK signaling.CONCLUSION RYGB downregulated the expression of TRPV1 by inhibiting inflammatory factors,thus inhibiting the enhancement of P2X3 by TRPV1.RYGB directly inhibited the activity of P2X3 by inhibiting ATP synthesis in the bladder epithelium to improve OAB.展开更多
It is of great importance to explore sustainable and eco-friendly recycling strategies for spent Li-ion batteries(LIBs).As such,the closed-loop resynthesis of LiNi_(x)CoyMn_(z)O_(2)(NCM)becomes recently popular as exe...It is of great importance to explore sustainable and eco-friendly recycling strategies for spent Li-ion batteries(LIBs).As such,the closed-loop resynthesis of LiNi_(x)CoyMn_(z)O_(2)(NCM)becomes recently popular as exemplified by the commercialization of low-and mid-Ni content NCM(33%-60%).However,there has been suspicion as to the successful deployment of Ni-rich NCM resynthesis process.Therefore,we systematically increase the Ni content of NCM from 60%to 90%from the industrial leachate of spent LIBs containing various metallic and nonmetallic impurities.The utilization rate of the leachate decreases from 71.8 mol%for NCM622 to 18.0 mol%for NCM955 as the Ni content in the NCM composition increases with the Co recycling rate being 100%in all resynthesized NCM(RNCM).The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of RNCM are systematically compared with its pristine NCM counterparts.As a result,various physicochemical properties of RNCM including impurity content,crystallographic information,morphology,particle size,porosity,specific surface area,elemental distribution,residual lithium compounds,and thermal stability are correlated with its electrochemical properties.It is found out that Al is the most critical impurity that determines the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of RNCM.It is noteworthy that RNCM955 prepared from spent LIBs without any purification step surpasses NCM955 in terms of rate and cycle performance.Further,this resynthesis approach toward Nirich NCM could meet the forthcoming 2031 EU's legislative target on the mandatory minimum recycling usage of valuable metals from spent LIBs.The anode active material was resynthesized using industrial leachate as the maximum.The amount of leachate used and the amount of impurities were proportional.展开更多
BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine offers many valuable remedies for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Bile powder(BP)is a powdered form of bile derived from pigs.It ...BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine offers many valuable remedies for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Bile powder(BP)is a powdered form of bile derived from pigs.It has been used historically in various medicinal applications.Currently,the therapeutic potential of BP in regulating glucose homeostasis remains unclear.Bile acids(BAs)are increasingly recognized for their role in glucose metabolism particularly through the modu-lation of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1).AIM To investigate BP effects on glucose homeostasis and elucidate its mechanistic role through GLP-1 and farnesoid X receptor(FXR)signaling.METHODS A diabetic mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin administration.Mice were treated with BP at doses of 25,50,or 75 mg/kg/day for 45 days.Glucose homeostasis was assessed via the oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test.Serum GLP-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A GLP-1 receptor antagonist and an FXR agonist were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms.In vitro STC-1 murine enteroendocrine cells were treated with a BP-mimicking BA mixture to assess GLP-1 secretion and proglucagon gene expression.RESULTS BP treatment significantly improved glucose homeostasis in the diabetic mouse model as indicated by lower blood glucose(P<0.05)and improved insulin sensitivity.BP enhanced GLP-1 secretion(P<0.05),which was an effect abolished by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist.This observation confirmed its dependence on GLP-1 signaling.In STC-1 cells,BP-derived BA mixtures stimulated GLP-1 secretion and upregulated proglucagon expression(P<0.05).Mechanistically,BP inhibited FXR signaling as evidenced by the reversal of its effects upon fexaramine administration.In addition,long-term BP treatment suppressed FXR signaling,resulting in elevated GLP-1 levels and preventing glucose dysregulation.CONCLUSION BP improved glucose homeostasis by promoting GLP-1 secretion via FXR inhibition,highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders.展开更多
The reduction of N2 to NH_(3) is an important reaction for the industrial production of ammonia gas.Here,we theoretically study the thermal synthesis of ammonia catalyzed by Ru1@Mo_(2)CO_(x)single-atom catalyst(SAC),w...The reduction of N2 to NH_(3) is an important reaction for the industrial production of ammonia gas.Here,we theoretically study the thermal synthesis of ammonia catalyzed by Ru1@Mo_(2)CO_(x)single-atom catalyst(SAC),where Ru atoms are anchored on the oxygen vacancy of the defective Mo2COx.The results show that Ru1@Mo_(2)CO_(x)exhibits excellent stability,and can effectively adsorb and activate N2,owing to up to0.87|e|charge transfer from it to N2.The optimal pathway of N2-to-NH_(3) conversion is association pathway I,of which the rate-determining step is*NH_(2)→*NH_(3) with the barrier energy of 1.26 eV.Especially,the Mo_(2)CO_(x)center functions as an electron reservoir,donating electrons to the NxHy species,while the Ru single atom serves as a charge transfer pathway,thereby enhancing the reaction activity.This finding provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of MXene-based SACs for thermal catalytic NH_(3) synthesis.展开更多
The mechanical,thermodynamic properties and electrical conductivities of L1_(2)-Al_(3)X(X=Zr,Sc,Er,Yb,Hf)structural phases in aluminum conductors were investigated through a first-principles study.The results demonstr...The mechanical,thermodynamic properties and electrical conductivities of L1_(2)-Al_(3)X(X=Zr,Sc,Er,Yb,Hf)structural phases in aluminum conductors were investigated through a first-principles study.The results demonstrate that all structural phases have good alloy-forming ability and structural stability,where Al_(3)Zr is the most superior.Al_(3)Zr,Al_(3)Hf and Al_(3)Sc have enhanced shear and deformation resistance in comparison to other phases.Within the temperature range of 200−600 K,Al_(3)Er and Al_(3)Yb possess the greatest thermodynamic stability,followed by Al_(3)Hf,Al_(3)Zr and Al_(3)Sc.Al_(3)Er and Al_(3)Yb have higher thermodynamic stability than Al_(3)Hf,Al_(3)Zr and Al_(3)Sc.All structural phases exhibit substantial metallic properties,indicating their good electrical conductivity.The electrical conductivities of Al_(3)Hf and Al_(3)Zr are higher than those of Al_(3)Er,Al_(3)Yb and Al_(3)Sc.The covalent bond properties in Al_(3)Sc,Al_(3)Er and Al_(3)Yb enhance the hardness,brittleness and thermodynamic stability of the structural phase.The thermodynamic stability of Al_(3)Sc is significantly reduced by ionic bonds.展开更多
探讨核因子Y(nuclear factor Y,NFY)和调节因子X1(regulatory factors that bind to the X box,RFX1)对人PNRC(proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator)基因的调控作用及机制.根据凝胶电泳迁移率变化实验,分析NFY和RFX1与PNRC启动...探讨核因子Y(nuclear factor Y,NFY)和调节因子X1(regulatory factors that bind to the X box,RFX1)对人PNRC(proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator)基因的调控作用及机制.根据凝胶电泳迁移率变化实验,分析NFY和RFX1与PNRC启动子区域的结合.将含有NFY和RFX1的真核表达质粒(pCMV-NFY,pCMV-RFX1)和含有PNRC启动子的荧光素酶报告基因质粒共转染HepG2细胞,检测转染细胞的荧光素酶活性,并用RT-PCR和Western印迹检测PNRC的表达情况.Quick-Change法对PNRC启动子区NFY和RFX1结合位点进行突变,将包含突变点的重组荧光素酶报告质粒与含有NFY和RFX1的真核表达质粒共同转染HepG2细胞,检测各组荧光素酶活性.结果发现,NFY和RFX1能与PNRC启动子区域特异性结合;转染pCMV-NFY和pCMV-RFX1可抑制PNRC启动子活性并下调PNRC在HepG2细胞中的表达;包含NFY和RFX1结合位点的突变质粒与pCMV-NFY和pCMV-RFX1共转染后,NFY和RFX1对PNRC启动子活性的抑制作用消失.以上结果提示,NFY和RFX1能调控PNRC基因的表达,其机制是与PNRC启动子区域的特异性结合位点相结合,发挥其反式抑制作用.展开更多
Interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β aggravate neuronal injury by mediating the inf1αmmatory reaction following ischemic/hypoxic brain injury. It remains unclear whether interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β are release...Interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β aggravate neuronal injury by mediating the inf1αmmatory reaction following ischemic/hypoxic brain injury. It remains unclear whether interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β are released by microglia or astrocytes. This study prepared hippocampal slices that were subsequently subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining verified that neurons exhibited hypoxic changes. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found that interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β participated in this hypoxic process. Moreover, when hypoxic injury occurred in the hippocampus, the release of interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β was mediated by the P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that during ischemia/hypoxia, the P2X4 receptor, P2X7 receptor, interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β expression was detectable in rat hippocampal microglia, but only P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor expression was detected in astrocytes. Results suggested that the P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor, respectively, mediated interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β released by microglia, resulting in hippocampal ischemic/hypoxic injury. Astrocytes were activated, but did not synthesize or release interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β.展开更多
Achieving a strong redox ability and high visible-light absorption ability in a single semiconductor material is difficult.Designing a heterojunction between two semiconductor materials is a feasible method.The new st...Achieving a strong redox ability and high visible-light absorption ability in a single semiconductor material is difficult.Designing a heterojunction between two semiconductor materials is a feasible method.The new step(S-scheme)heterojunction can effectively promote the separation and trans-fer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and retain strong redox ability.We designed and pre-pared a Cd Se_(0.8)S_(0.2)-diethylenetriamine(DETA)/Sn Nb_(2)O_(6)heterostructure material via the sol-vothermal method.When Cd Se_(0.8)S_(0.2)-DETA and Sn Nb_(2)O_(6)form an S-scheme heterojunction,30%Cd Se_(0.8)S_(0.2)-DETA/Sn Nb_(2)O_(6)exhibits the highest CO production rate(17.31μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),which is factors of 2.8 and 4.8 higher than that of traditional solvothermal Sn Nb_(2)O_(6)(6.2μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))and Cd Se_(0.8)S_(0.2)-DETA(3.6μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),respectively.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization data provided evidence that the transfer pathway of space charge in the CO_(2)reduction process was in accordance with the S-scheme.This research provides a simple strategy through which one can optimize the band structure to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers and achieve a high efficiency of CO_(2)reduction.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of GW4064 on the expression of adipokines and their receptors during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in HepG2 cells.
Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common clinical serious illness.Esculin(ES)is a coumarin compound of traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Fraxini.Our previous study has found that ES protects against inflammation and rena...Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common clinical serious illness.Esculin(ES)is a coumarin compound of traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Fraxini.Our previous study has found that ES protects against inflammation and renal damage in diabetic rats.In the present study,we aimed to investigate the effects and the possible mechanism of ES against lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced AKI in mice.Renal morphology was observed by H&E staining.Renal function was evaluated by blood urea nitrogen(BUN)level and creatinine content in serum.Inflammatory factor levels were measured by ELISA assay.The inflammatory proteins were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.The results showed that ES alleviated LPS-induced pathological injury and renal dysfunction,and decreased BUN level and creatinine content in serum.In addition,ES significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory factors,including IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,chemokine MCP-1 and cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1.Furthermore,the expressions of inflammatory pathway proteins P2 X7,HMGB1,TLR4 and MyD88 both at the mRNA and protein levels were all down-regulated by ES in the kidney tissue of LPS-challenged mice.These results suggested ES protected against LPS-induced AKI through inhibiting P2 X7 expression and HMGB1/TLR4 inflammatory pathway.展开更多
As a class of metal-free two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor materials,polymeric carbon nitrides have attracted wide attention recently due to its facile regulation of the molecular and electronic structures,availability...As a class of metal-free two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor materials,polymeric carbon nitrides have attracted wide attention recently due to its facile regulation of the molecular and electronic structures,availability in abundance and high stability.According to the different ratios of C and N atoms in the fra mework,a series of C_(x)N_(y)materials have been successfully synthesized by virtue of various precursors,which further triggers extensive investigations of broad applications ranging from sustainable photocatalytic reactions and highly sensitive optoelectronic biosensing.In view of topological structures on their electronic structures and material properties,the as-reported C_(x)N_(y)could be generally classified into two main categories with three-or six-bond-extending frameworks.Owing to the effective n→π*transition in most C_(x)N_(y)materials,the relative energy level of the lone-pair electrons on N atoms is high,which thus endows the mate rials with the capability of visible light absorption.Meanwhile,the different repeating units,bridging groups and defect sites of these two kinds of C_(x)N_(y)allow them to effectively drive a diverse of promising applications that require specific electronic,inte rfacial and geometric properties.This review paper aims to summarize the recent progress in topological structure design and the relevant electronic band structures and striking properties of C_(x)N_(y)materials,In the final part,we also discuss the existing challenges of C_(x)N_(y)and outlook the prospect possibilities.展开更多
Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water-splitting holds huge promise for resolving the current energy shortage and environmental issues.Nevertheless,it is still challenging so far to develop non-noble-metal phot...Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water-splitting holds huge promise for resolving the current energy shortage and environmental issues.Nevertheless,it is still challenging so far to develop non-noble-metal photocatalysts which are efficient toward solar-powered hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this work,through an ultrasonic water-bath strategy combined with solvothermal and electrostatic assembly processes,we obtain homogeneous Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S–Ni_(2)P–MoS_(2) hybrid nano-spheres consisting of Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S solid solutions decorated by Ni_(2)P and 1 T/2 H MoS_(2) cocatalysts,which demonstrate excellent activity and stability for visible-light-responsive(λ>420 nm)H_(2) production.Specifically,the Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S-Ni_(2)P-MoS_(2) nano-spheres with 2 wt%Ni_(2)P and 0.2 wt%MoS_(2)(CZ_(0.7)S–2 N–0.2 M)exhibit the optimal HER activity of 55.77 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),about 47 and 32 times more than that of CZ_(0.7)S and Pt–CZ_(0.7)S,respectively.The outstanding HER performance of Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S–Ni_(2)P–MoS_(2) can be ascribed to the presence of abundant HER active sites in Ni2 P nanoparticles and 1 T/2 H MoS_(2) nanosheets as well as the effective transfer and separation of charge carriers.Moreover,the coupling sequence of cocatalysts in Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S–Ni_(2)P–MoS_(2) is found to be critical in the regulation of charge transfer pathways and thus the resultant photocatalytic efficiency.The results displayed here could facilitate the engineering of high-performance photocatalysts employing multi-component cocatalysts for sustainable solar-to-fuel conversion.展开更多
A new kind of adsorbent Li（1＋x）AlxTi（2-x）（PO4）3 was synthesized by solid state reaction method. The influence of the content of doping aluminum on the adsorbent Li（1＋x）AlxTi（2-x）（PO4）3 was investigated b...A new kind of adsorbent Li（1＋x）AlxTi（2-x）（PO4）3 was synthesized by solid state reaction method. The influence of the content of doping aluminum on the adsorbent Li（1＋x）AlxTi（2-x）（PO4）3 was investigated by XRD, while the morphology of powders was observed by SEM. The investigation of the adsorption properties showed that the adsorbent can selectively adsorb sodium with the adsorption capacity of 11.76 mg/g. The optimum conditions of adsorption are at pH 10.0-11.0 in LiCl solution.展开更多
Background: PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) is a powerful regulator of fibrinolysis and plasma level is high in type 2 diabetes and cardio-vascular disease, which is determined by genetic polymorphisms in PA...Background: PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) is a powerful regulator of fibrinolysis and plasma level is high in type 2 diabetes and cardio-vascular disease, which is determined by genetic polymorphisms in PAI-1 gene and environmental factors. The aim of the study was to examine the determinants of plasma PAI-1 Ag level among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: 491 Tunisian type 2 diabetes patients had clinical evaluation (weight, high, BMI, Waist Circumference), laboratory investigations including FBG Hb1Ac, cholesterol, triglyceride;HDL-cholesterol was done;plasma PAI-1 antigen level was done with ELISA;−675 4G/5G and −844 G/A polymorphisms of PAI-1 gene was done by PCR-ASA and PCR-RFLP respectively. Results: The mean age for our patients was 58.3 ± 10.5 years;sex-ratio = 0.92;mean PAI-1 level was 34.6 ± 21.3 ng/ml. We didn’t find correlation between PAI-1 level and BMI, but we have found significant correlation between PAI-1 and waist circumference (p = 0.032), most enhanced in men (P = 0.002), T2D patients who have FBG > 11 mmol/l had PAI-1 Ag level higher than those who have FBG P = 0.034), but no difference found between T2D with high Hb1Ac > 8% and those with Hb1Ac < 8%, significant correlation was seen between PAI-1 level and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.05), high correlation between PAI-1 Ag level and −675 4G/5G polymorphism genotype was seen, 4G/4G carriers had the highest PAI-1 level, 4G/5G had intermediary level and 5G/5G had the lowest level (P −844G/A polymorphism genotypes. Using multiple variable linear regression analysis, the independent factor associated with plasma PAI-1 level was −675 4G/5G polymorphism (regression coefficient β = 4.6, P Conclusion: the present study identifies −675 4G/5G not −844 G/A polymorphism of PAI gene as the principal determinant of plasma PAI-1 level in Tunisian T2D patients, the android fat distribution, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia play a modest role in this variation.展开更多
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(CDDP)is widely used for the treatment of various solid cancers.Here we reported that CDDP increased the expression and enzymatic activities of carboxylesterase 1(CES1)and carboxylesterase ...cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(CDDP)is widely used for the treatment of various solid cancers.Here we reported that CDDP increased the expression and enzymatic activities of carboxylesterase 1(CES1)and carboxylesterase 2(CES2),along with the upregulation of pregnane X receptor(PXR)and the downregulation of differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 1(DEC1)in human hepatoma cells,primary mouse hepatocytes,mouse liver and intestine.The overexpression or knockdown of PXR alone upregulated or downregulated the CES1 and CES2 expression,respectively.The increases in CES1 and CES2 expression levels induced by CDDP abolished or enhanced by PXR knockdown or overexpression,implying that CDDP induces carboxylesterases through the activation of PXR.Likewise,the overexpression or knockdown of DEC1 alone significantly decreased or increased PXR and its targets.Moreover,the increases of PXR and its targets induced by CDDP were abolished or alleviated by the overexpression or knockdown of DEC1.The overexpression or knockdown of DEC1 affected the response of PXR to CDDP,but not vice versa,suggesting that CDDP increases carboxylesterases by upregulating PXR mediated by the decrease of DEC1.In addition,CDDP did not increase DEC1 mRNA degradation but suppressed DEC1 promoter reporter activity,indicating that it suppresses DEC1 transcriptionally.The combined use of CDDP and irinotecan had a synergistic effect on two cell lines,especially when CDDP was used first.展开更多
基金supported by Guangdong Province Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(2023A1515220104)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Hepatoaplenic Surgery,Ministry of Education(Award Number:GPKF202407).
文摘Objectives:Philadelphia chromosome-positive B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Philadelphia-like B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(Ph+/Ph-like ALL)constitute the majority of relapsed/refractory B-ALL(R/R B-ALL)cases,highlighting an urgent need to discover new therapeutic targets.This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying poor prognosis in Ph+/Ph-like ALL through transcriptome sequencing and functional cytological assays,with the goal of informing new clinical treatment strategies.Results:Transcriptomic analysis of Ph+/Ph-like ALL patients revealed that low expression of P2X Purinoceptor 1(P2RX1)was associated with unfavorable outcomes.Specifically,patients with poor prognosis and low P2RX1 expression exhibited downregulation of genes involved in energy and calcium metabolism pathways,along with upregulation of genes governing key cellular processes such as cell proliferation(e.g.,MYC),cell cycle progression(e.g.,CCND2),and apoptosis inhibition(e.g.,DASP6).Cellular experiments demonstrated that SUP-B15 cells overexpressing P2RX1 displayed elevated intracellular levels of ATP,calcium,and glucose,together with enhanced glycolytic capacity,compared to empty vector controls.Treatment of SUP-B15 cells with dexamethasone(Dex),Imatinib,or their combination significantly suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis,which was accompanied by increases in intracellular ATP,calcium,and glucose.Moreover,exogenous ATP administration(a P2RX1 agonist)enhanced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in control cells.Conversely,treatment with NF449(a P2RX1 inhibitor)increased proliferation in both P2RX1-overexpressing and control SUP-B15 cells.Conclusion:Our findings indicate that P2RX1 may exert this function through modulating energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis,resulting in elevated intracellular calcium levels.Sustained elevation of calcium promotes apoptosis,whereas exogenous ATP activates P2RX1,enhances calcium influx,and attenuates the suppression of apoptosis associated with P2RX1 underexpression,ultimately correlating with improved treatment response.
文摘Given the considerable global interest in the preparation of Ti and TiC,a novel reduction method for TiO_(2) in a CH_(4)-H_(2) atmosphere was proposed,and the reduction thermodynamic behavior,phase equilibrium,and energy consumption of TiO_(2) during its reaction with a CH_(4)-H_(2) gas mixture were investigated.The results indicate that the reaction proceeds via a stepwise reduction pathway from TiO_(2) to Ti(C,O),with the Magnéli phase(TinO_(2n-1))and Ti_(3)O_(5) serving as intermediate phases.Notably,the reduction of TiO_(2) by H_(2) is more challenging than that by CH_(4),which may be attributed to the inhibitory effect of H_(2) on the surface carbon precipitation.For the complete carbonization of 1 mol TiO_(2),the total energy required at 1000,1100,and 1200℃is 1159,925,and 977 kJ/mol,respectively,which may be related to the shift of gas-phase equilibrium and the increase in side reactions at high temperatures.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52372188,51902090)Henan Key Research Project Plan for Higher Education Institutions(Nos.24A150019,23A150038)+4 种基金Key Scientific Research Project of Education Department of Henan Province(No.22A150042)the National students’platform for innovation and entrepreneurship training program(No.201910476010)CAS Henan Industrial Technology Innovation&Incubation Center(No.2024121)2023 Introduction of studying abroad talent program,the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019 M652546)the Henan Province Postdoctoral Start-Up Foundation(No.1901017).
文摘NASICON type solid electrolyte Li_(1+x)Al_(x)Ge_(2-x)(PO_(4))_(3)(LAGP)is one of the most potential candidates in view of their high ionic conductivity,high oxidation resistance and excellent air stability.However,inevitable interface issues often cause severe performance degradation,seriously affecting its commercial application.Herein,a lithiophilic carbon buffer layer is constructed on the LAGP surface adjacent to the Li electrode side by a facile pyrolysis reaction,then the LiC_(x) interlayer is generated in situ between the carbon buffer layer and lithium metal,which can guide uniform ion transport while improving interface contact.Thus,the LiC_(x)-LAGP showed excellent ionic conductivity,high flexibility and lithiophilic interphase.Specially,the Li|LiC_(x)-LAGP|Li battery has achieved a 1000 h stable cycles at 0.1 mA/cm^(2),remarkably,the Li|LiC_(x)-LAGP|LFP battery retains 85%of their initial capacity after 200 cycles under 1 C,even for the NCM811 cathode,the battery still has a good cycle performance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81860268 and No.82201000Ningxia Natural Science Foundation,No.2021AAC02025+3 种基金Ningxia Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Training ProjectNo.2020GKLRLX06 and No.2020GKLRLX11Ningxia Medical University Research Project,No.XJKF240315Ningxia Key Research and Development Project,No.2023BEG03021 and No.2021BEB04034.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus(DM)is linked to an earlier onset and heightened severity of urinary complications,particularly bladder dysfunction,which profoundly impacts patient quality of life.Overactive bladder(OAB)is a common storage disorder of the lower urinary tract and is characterized by urgency,frequency,and nocturia.Several factors contribute to bladder dysfunction in diabetic individuals,including changes in urothelial signaling,detrusor morphology,and central nervous system regulation.The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 channel,expressed by bladder urothelial cells,is upregulated in OAB and plays a crucial role in ATP release during bladder filling.This ATP release subsequently activates purinergic receptor P2X3,further exacerbating OAB symptoms.AIM To clarify the mechanism of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)metabolic surgery to improve OAB in type 2 DM(T2DM).METHODS The model of T2DM was induced by feeding a high-fat diet to mice for 16 weeks.After 16 weeks,sham operation and RYGB operation were performed.The related indexes of glucose metabolism were also detected to evaluate the therapeutic effect,and the recovery degree of bladder function and micturition behavior of mice was assessed by urodynamics and micturition spot analysis.RESULTS Compared with the normal mice in the sham group,T2DM mice had increased urine spot count,uncontrolled urination behavior,shortened urination interval,and reduced bladder capacity.Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence costaining showed that Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)and purinergic receptor P2X3 were both expressed in mouse bladder epithelial layer,and they had the same localization.In the bladder of T2DM mice,the mRNA and protein expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 were significantly increased.The ATP content in urine of T2DM mice was significantly higher than that of the sham group.After RYGB operation,the glucose metabolism index of the RYGB group was significantly improved compared with the OAB group.Comparing the results of urine spots,urodynamics,and histology,it was found that the function and morphological structure of the bladder in the RYGB group also recovered obviously.Compared with the OAB group,the expression of TRPV1 and P2X3 in the RYGB group was downregulated,and the level of inflammatory factors was significantly decreased.RYGB significantly decreased the content of ATP in urine and activated AMPK signaling.CONCLUSION RYGB downregulated the expression of TRPV1 by inhibiting inflammatory factors,thus inhibiting the enhancement of P2X3 by TRPV1.RYGB directly inhibited the activity of P2X3 by inhibiting ATP synthesis in the bladder epithelium to improve OAB.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(RS-2023-00254424)by the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center)support program(IITP-2024-RS-2024-00437494)supervised by the IITP(Institute for Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation)funded by the MSIT(Ministry of Science and ICT),Korea。
文摘It is of great importance to explore sustainable and eco-friendly recycling strategies for spent Li-ion batteries(LIBs).As such,the closed-loop resynthesis of LiNi_(x)CoyMn_(z)O_(2)(NCM)becomes recently popular as exemplified by the commercialization of low-and mid-Ni content NCM(33%-60%).However,there has been suspicion as to the successful deployment of Ni-rich NCM resynthesis process.Therefore,we systematically increase the Ni content of NCM from 60%to 90%from the industrial leachate of spent LIBs containing various metallic and nonmetallic impurities.The utilization rate of the leachate decreases from 71.8 mol%for NCM622 to 18.0 mol%for NCM955 as the Ni content in the NCM composition increases with the Co recycling rate being 100%in all resynthesized NCM(RNCM).The physicochemical and electrochemical properties of RNCM are systematically compared with its pristine NCM counterparts.As a result,various physicochemical properties of RNCM including impurity content,crystallographic information,morphology,particle size,porosity,specific surface area,elemental distribution,residual lithium compounds,and thermal stability are correlated with its electrochemical properties.It is found out that Al is the most critical impurity that determines the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of RNCM.It is noteworthy that RNCM955 prepared from spent LIBs without any purification step surpasses NCM955 in terms of rate and cycle performance.Further,this resynthesis approach toward Nirich NCM could meet the forthcoming 2031 EU's legislative target on the mandatory minimum recycling usage of valuable metals from spent LIBs.The anode active material was resynthesized using industrial leachate as the maximum.The amount of leachate used and the amount of impurities were proportional.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82122012,No.82270917,No.82170833 and No.82170601Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Project,No.ynjq202401 and No.ynms202117Shanghai Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases,No.2022ZZ01002.
文摘BACKGROUND Traditional Chinese medicine offers many valuable remedies for maintaining blood glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Bile powder(BP)is a powdered form of bile derived from pigs.It has been used historically in various medicinal applications.Currently,the therapeutic potential of BP in regulating glucose homeostasis remains unclear.Bile acids(BAs)are increasingly recognized for their role in glucose metabolism particularly through the modu-lation of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1).AIM To investigate BP effects on glucose homeostasis and elucidate its mechanistic role through GLP-1 and farnesoid X receptor(FXR)signaling.METHODS A diabetic mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin administration.Mice were treated with BP at doses of 25,50,or 75 mg/kg/day for 45 days.Glucose homeostasis was assessed via the oral glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test.Serum GLP-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A GLP-1 receptor antagonist and an FXR agonist were used to clarify the underlying mechanisms.In vitro STC-1 murine enteroendocrine cells were treated with a BP-mimicking BA mixture to assess GLP-1 secretion and proglucagon gene expression.RESULTS BP treatment significantly improved glucose homeostasis in the diabetic mouse model as indicated by lower blood glucose(P<0.05)and improved insulin sensitivity.BP enhanced GLP-1 secretion(P<0.05),which was an effect abolished by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist.This observation confirmed its dependence on GLP-1 signaling.In STC-1 cells,BP-derived BA mixtures stimulated GLP-1 secretion and upregulated proglucagon expression(P<0.05).Mechanistically,BP inhibited FXR signaling as evidenced by the reversal of its effects upon fexaramine administration.In addition,long-term BP treatment suppressed FXR signaling,resulting in elevated GLP-1 levels and preventing glucose dysregulation.CONCLUSION BP improved glucose homeostasis by promoting GLP-1 secretion via FXR inhibition,highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for metabolic disorders.
基金the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479032,22363001 and 22250710677)the NSFC Center for Single-Atom Catalysis(22388102)+2 种基金the National Key R&D Project(2022YFA1503900)the Natural Science Special Foundation of Guizhou University(No.202140)Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory Platform Project(ZSYS[2025]008).
文摘The reduction of N2 to NH_(3) is an important reaction for the industrial production of ammonia gas.Here,we theoretically study the thermal synthesis of ammonia catalyzed by Ru1@Mo_(2)CO_(x)single-atom catalyst(SAC),where Ru atoms are anchored on the oxygen vacancy of the defective Mo2COx.The results show that Ru1@Mo_(2)CO_(x)exhibits excellent stability,and can effectively adsorb and activate N2,owing to up to0.87|e|charge transfer from it to N2.The optimal pathway of N2-to-NH_(3) conversion is association pathway I,of which the rate-determining step is*NH_(2)→*NH_(3) with the barrier energy of 1.26 eV.Especially,the Mo_(2)CO_(x)center functions as an electron reservoir,donating electrons to the NxHy species,while the Ru single atom serves as a charge transfer pathway,thereby enhancing the reaction activity.This finding provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of MXene-based SACs for thermal catalytic NH_(3) synthesis.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52274403)。
文摘The mechanical,thermodynamic properties and electrical conductivities of L1_(2)-Al_(3)X(X=Zr,Sc,Er,Yb,Hf)structural phases in aluminum conductors were investigated through a first-principles study.The results demonstrate that all structural phases have good alloy-forming ability and structural stability,where Al_(3)Zr is the most superior.Al_(3)Zr,Al_(3)Hf and Al_(3)Sc have enhanced shear and deformation resistance in comparison to other phases.Within the temperature range of 200−600 K,Al_(3)Er and Al_(3)Yb possess the greatest thermodynamic stability,followed by Al_(3)Hf,Al_(3)Zr and Al_(3)Sc.Al_(3)Er and Al_(3)Yb have higher thermodynamic stability than Al_(3)Hf,Al_(3)Zr and Al_(3)Sc.All structural phases exhibit substantial metallic properties,indicating their good electrical conductivity.The electrical conductivities of Al_(3)Hf and Al_(3)Zr are higher than those of Al_(3)Er,Al_(3)Yb and Al_(3)Sc.The covalent bond properties in Al_(3)Sc,Al_(3)Er and Al_(3)Yb enhance the hardness,brittleness and thermodynamic stability of the structural phase.The thermodynamic stability of Al_(3)Sc is significantly reduced by ionic bonds.
文摘探讨核因子Y(nuclear factor Y,NFY)和调节因子X1(regulatory factors that bind to the X box,RFX1)对人PNRC(proline-rich nuclear receptor coactivator)基因的调控作用及机制.根据凝胶电泳迁移率变化实验,分析NFY和RFX1与PNRC启动子区域的结合.将含有NFY和RFX1的真核表达质粒(pCMV-NFY,pCMV-RFX1)和含有PNRC启动子的荧光素酶报告基因质粒共转染HepG2细胞,检测转染细胞的荧光素酶活性,并用RT-PCR和Western印迹检测PNRC的表达情况.Quick-Change法对PNRC启动子区NFY和RFX1结合位点进行突变,将包含突变点的重组荧光素酶报告质粒与含有NFY和RFX1的真核表达质粒共同转染HepG2细胞,检测各组荧光素酶活性.结果发现,NFY和RFX1能与PNRC启动子区域特异性结合;转染pCMV-NFY和pCMV-RFX1可抑制PNRC启动子活性并下调PNRC在HepG2细胞中的表达;包含NFY和RFX1结合位点的突变质粒与pCMV-NFY和pCMV-RFX1共转染后,NFY和RFX1对PNRC启动子活性的抑制作用消失.以上结果提示,NFY和RFX1能调控PNRC基因的表达,其机制是与PNRC启动子区域的特异性结合位点相结合,发挥其反式抑制作用.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,No.S2011010004096
文摘Interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β aggravate neuronal injury by mediating the inf1αmmatory reaction following ischemic/hypoxic brain injury. It remains unclear whether interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β are released by microglia or astrocytes. This study prepared hippocampal slices that were subsequently subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining verified that neurons exhibited hypoxic changes. Results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found that interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β participated in this hypoxic process. Moreover, when hypoxic injury occurred in the hippocampus, the release of interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β was mediated by the P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that during ischemia/hypoxia, the P2X4 receptor, P2X7 receptor, interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β expression was detectable in rat hippocampal microglia, but only P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor expression was detected in astrocytes. Results suggested that the P2X4 receptor and P2X7 receptor, respectively, mediated interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β released by microglia, resulting in hippocampal ischemic/hypoxic injury. Astrocytes were activated, but did not synthesize or release interleukin-1α and interleukin-1β.
文摘Achieving a strong redox ability and high visible-light absorption ability in a single semiconductor material is difficult.Designing a heterojunction between two semiconductor materials is a feasible method.The new step(S-scheme)heterojunction can effectively promote the separation and trans-fer of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and retain strong redox ability.We designed and pre-pared a Cd Se_(0.8)S_(0.2)-diethylenetriamine(DETA)/Sn Nb_(2)O_(6)heterostructure material via the sol-vothermal method.When Cd Se_(0.8)S_(0.2)-DETA and Sn Nb_(2)O_(6)form an S-scheme heterojunction,30%Cd Se_(0.8)S_(0.2)-DETA/Sn Nb_(2)O_(6)exhibits the highest CO production rate(17.31μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),which is factors of 2.8 and 4.8 higher than that of traditional solvothermal Sn Nb_(2)O_(6)(6.2μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))and Cd Se_(0.8)S_(0.2)-DETA(3.6μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)),respectively.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization data provided evidence that the transfer pathway of space charge in the CO_(2)reduction process was in accordance with the S-scheme.This research provides a simple strategy through which one can optimize the band structure to promote the separation of photogenerated carriers and achieve a high efficiency of CO_(2)reduction.
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Projects,No.2011B050400009Scientific Research Projects of Hubei Province Education Department,No.B2014055
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of GW4064 on the expression of adipokines and their receptors during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and in HepG2 cells.
基金The National Key Research&Development Plan(Grant No.2018YFC0311005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81473383)+2 种基金the Significant New-Drugs Creation of Science and Technology Major Projects(Grant No.2012ZX09103101-078)the Medical and Health Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(Grant No.2016-I2M-3-007)Innovation Fund for Doctoral Students of Beijing Union Medical College(Grant No.2018-1007-04).
文摘Acute kidney injury(AKI)is a common clinical serious illness.Esculin(ES)is a coumarin compound of traditional Chinese medicine Cortex Fraxini.Our previous study has found that ES protects against inflammation and renal damage in diabetic rats.In the present study,we aimed to investigate the effects and the possible mechanism of ES against lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced AKI in mice.Renal morphology was observed by H&E staining.Renal function was evaluated by blood urea nitrogen(BUN)level and creatinine content in serum.Inflammatory factor levels were measured by ELISA assay.The inflammatory proteins were analyzed by RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis.The results showed that ES alleviated LPS-induced pathological injury and renal dysfunction,and decreased BUN level and creatinine content in serum.In addition,ES significantly reduced the release of pro-inflammatory factors,including IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α,chemokine MCP-1 and cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1.Furthermore,the expressions of inflammatory pathway proteins P2 X7,HMGB1,TLR4 and MyD88 both at the mRNA and protein levels were all down-regulated by ES in the kidney tissue of LPS-challenged mice.These results suggested ES protected against LPS-induced AKI through inhibiting P2 X7 expression and HMGB1/TLR4 inflammatory pathway.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21775018,21675022)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20170084)+1 种基金the Open Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry(No.SKLEAC201909)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘As a class of metal-free two-dimensional(2D)semiconductor materials,polymeric carbon nitrides have attracted wide attention recently due to its facile regulation of the molecular and electronic structures,availability in abundance and high stability.According to the different ratios of C and N atoms in the fra mework,a series of C_(x)N_(y)materials have been successfully synthesized by virtue of various precursors,which further triggers extensive investigations of broad applications ranging from sustainable photocatalytic reactions and highly sensitive optoelectronic biosensing.In view of topological structures on their electronic structures and material properties,the as-reported C_(x)N_(y)could be generally classified into two main categories with three-or six-bond-extending frameworks.Owing to the effective n→π*transition in most C_(x)N_(y)materials,the relative energy level of the lone-pair electrons on N atoms is high,which thus endows the mate rials with the capability of visible light absorption.Meanwhile,the different repeating units,bridging groups and defect sites of these two kinds of C_(x)N_(y)allow them to effectively drive a diverse of promising applications that require specific electronic,inte rfacial and geometric properties.This review paper aims to summarize the recent progress in topological structure design and the relevant electronic band structures and striking properties of C_(x)N_(y)materials,In the final part,we also discuss the existing challenges of C_(x)N_(y)and outlook the prospect possibilities.
基金supported by the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry(20190021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802170,21801150,51772162)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018BEM014,ZR2019JQ14,ZR2019MB001)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong Province。
文摘Photocatalytic hydrogen generation from water-splitting holds huge promise for resolving the current energy shortage and environmental issues.Nevertheless,it is still challenging so far to develop non-noble-metal photocatalysts which are efficient toward solar-powered hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this work,through an ultrasonic water-bath strategy combined with solvothermal and electrostatic assembly processes,we obtain homogeneous Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S–Ni_(2)P–MoS_(2) hybrid nano-spheres consisting of Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S solid solutions decorated by Ni_(2)P and 1 T/2 H MoS_(2) cocatalysts,which demonstrate excellent activity and stability for visible-light-responsive(λ>420 nm)H_(2) production.Specifically,the Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S-Ni_(2)P-MoS_(2) nano-spheres with 2 wt%Ni_(2)P and 0.2 wt%MoS_(2)(CZ_(0.7)S–2 N–0.2 M)exhibit the optimal HER activity of 55.77 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1),about 47 and 32 times more than that of CZ_(0.7)S and Pt–CZ_(0.7)S,respectively.The outstanding HER performance of Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S–Ni_(2)P–MoS_(2) can be ascribed to the presence of abundant HER active sites in Ni2 P nanoparticles and 1 T/2 H MoS_(2) nanosheets as well as the effective transfer and separation of charge carriers.Moreover,the coupling sequence of cocatalysts in Cd_(1-x)Zn_(x)S–Ni_(2)P–MoS_(2) is found to be critical in the regulation of charge transfer pathways and thus the resultant photocatalytic efficiency.The results displayed here could facilitate the engineering of high-performance photocatalysts employing multi-component cocatalysts for sustainable solar-to-fuel conversion.
文摘A new kind of adsorbent Li（1＋x）AlxTi（2-x）（PO4）3 was synthesized by solid state reaction method. The influence of the content of doping aluminum on the adsorbent Li（1＋x）AlxTi（2-x）（PO4）3 was investigated by XRD, while the morphology of powders was observed by SEM. The investigation of the adsorption properties showed that the adsorbent can selectively adsorb sodium with the adsorption capacity of 11.76 mg/g. The optimum conditions of adsorption are at pH 10.0-11.0 in LiCl solution.
文摘Background: PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) is a powerful regulator of fibrinolysis and plasma level is high in type 2 diabetes and cardio-vascular disease, which is determined by genetic polymorphisms in PAI-1 gene and environmental factors. The aim of the study was to examine the determinants of plasma PAI-1 Ag level among type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: 491 Tunisian type 2 diabetes patients had clinical evaluation (weight, high, BMI, Waist Circumference), laboratory investigations including FBG Hb1Ac, cholesterol, triglyceride;HDL-cholesterol was done;plasma PAI-1 antigen level was done with ELISA;−675 4G/5G and −844 G/A polymorphisms of PAI-1 gene was done by PCR-ASA and PCR-RFLP respectively. Results: The mean age for our patients was 58.3 ± 10.5 years;sex-ratio = 0.92;mean PAI-1 level was 34.6 ± 21.3 ng/ml. We didn’t find correlation between PAI-1 level and BMI, but we have found significant correlation between PAI-1 and waist circumference (p = 0.032), most enhanced in men (P = 0.002), T2D patients who have FBG > 11 mmol/l had PAI-1 Ag level higher than those who have FBG P = 0.034), but no difference found between T2D with high Hb1Ac > 8% and those with Hb1Ac < 8%, significant correlation was seen between PAI-1 level and LDL-cholesterol (P = 0.05), high correlation between PAI-1 Ag level and −675 4G/5G polymorphism genotype was seen, 4G/4G carriers had the highest PAI-1 level, 4G/5G had intermediary level and 5G/5G had the lowest level (P −844G/A polymorphism genotypes. Using multiple variable linear regression analysis, the independent factor associated with plasma PAI-1 level was −675 4G/5G polymorphism (regression coefficient β = 4.6, P Conclusion: the present study identifies −675 4G/5G not −844 G/A polymorphism of PAI gene as the principal determinant of plasma PAI-1 level in Tunisian T2D patients, the android fat distribution, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia play a modest role in this variation.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82073934 and 81872937)to J.Y.
文摘cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(CDDP)is widely used for the treatment of various solid cancers.Here we reported that CDDP increased the expression and enzymatic activities of carboxylesterase 1(CES1)and carboxylesterase 2(CES2),along with the upregulation of pregnane X receptor(PXR)and the downregulation of differentiated embryonic chondrocyte-expressed gene 1(DEC1)in human hepatoma cells,primary mouse hepatocytes,mouse liver and intestine.The overexpression or knockdown of PXR alone upregulated or downregulated the CES1 and CES2 expression,respectively.The increases in CES1 and CES2 expression levels induced by CDDP abolished or enhanced by PXR knockdown or overexpression,implying that CDDP induces carboxylesterases through the activation of PXR.Likewise,the overexpression or knockdown of DEC1 alone significantly decreased or increased PXR and its targets.Moreover,the increases of PXR and its targets induced by CDDP were abolished or alleviated by the overexpression or knockdown of DEC1.The overexpression or knockdown of DEC1 affected the response of PXR to CDDP,but not vice versa,suggesting that CDDP increases carboxylesterases by upregulating PXR mediated by the decrease of DEC1.In addition,CDDP did not increase DEC1 mRNA degradation but suppressed DEC1 promoter reporter activity,indicating that it suppresses DEC1 transcriptionally.The combined use of CDDP and irinotecan had a synergistic effect on two cell lines,especially when CDDP was used first.
