The Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer(VISSR) onboard the Fengyun-2(FY-2) satellite can provide valuable thermal infrared observations to help create a precipitable water vapor(PWV) product with high spatial an...The Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer(VISSR) onboard the Fengyun-2(FY-2) satellite can provide valuable thermal infrared observations to help create a precipitable water vapor(PWV) product with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The current FY-2/VISSR PWV product in operation is produced by using a traditional two-band physical split-window(PSW) method, which produces low quality results under dry atmospheric conditions. Based on the sensitivity characteristics of FY-2 F/VISSR water vapor channel and two split-window channels to atmospheric water vapor, this study developed a new, robust operational PWV retrieval algorithm for FY-2 F to improve the operational precision of the current PWV product. The algorithm uses a modified three-band PSW method, which adds a scale for the water vapor channel in the improved three-band PSW method. Integrated PWV products from the radiosonde data in 2016 are used here to validate the precision of the PWV retrieved by the modified three-band and traditional two-band PSW methods. The mean bias, root mean square error(RMSE), and correlation coefficient of the PWV retrieved by the modified three-band PSW method are 0.28 mm, 4.53 mm, and 0.969, respectively. The accuracy is much better than the PWV retrieved by the two-band method, whose mean bias, RMSE, and correlation coefficient are 12.67 mm, 29.35 mm, and 0.23. Especially, in mid-or high-latitude regions, the RMSE of the PWV is improved from 10 to 2 mm by changing the inversion in the two-band method to the modified three-band PSW method. Furthermore, the modified three-band PSW results show a better consistency with the radiosonde PWV at any zonal belt and season than the two-band PSW results. This new algorithm could significantly improve the quality of the current FY-2 F/VISSR PWV product, especially at sites where the actual PWV are lower than 15 mm.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to establish a new method for preparing paraffin sections of cattle eyebal s. [Method] The conventional method was used to prepare paraffin sections for cattle eyebal s in the control and ...[Objective] This study aimed to establish a new method for preparing paraffin sections of cattle eyebal s. [Method] The conventional method was used to prepare paraffin sections for cattle eyebal s in the control and a new method termed＆quot;opening a window on cornea and refixation＆quot; was used to prepare paraffin sections for cattle eyebal s in the treatment group. [Result] After the prepared specimens in the treatment group were fixed, it could be macroscopical y observed that retina and choroid were closely connected, with detachment occurring at a smal portion be-tween the two. According to the paraffin sections, it was microscopical y observed that the continuity of trabecular meshwork was intact, as wel as the continuity be-tween different layers of eyebal wal , without detachment between them, no retinal detachment, no shrinkage of each layer of tissue cells. [Conclusion] This study pro-vides a foundation for the basic research and pathological study of eyebal s.展开更多
【目的】青藏高原作为中国最大,世界海拔最高的高原,地表温度垂直递减率(Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate,LTLR)的时空分布特征对气候变化、生态系统以及水文过程研究具有重要意义。已有研究无法准确表达复杂地形条件下的山区近地...【目的】青藏高原作为中国最大,世界海拔最高的高原,地表温度垂直递减率(Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate,LTLR)的时空分布特征对气候变化、生态系统以及水文过程研究具有重要意义。已有研究无法准确表达复杂地形条件下的山区近地表气温直减率在时空分布与变化上的精细特征。因此本研究利用地表温度日变化模型估算出青藏高原逐小时地表温度,进而计算出逐小时月均LTLR,以获得青藏高原地区高时空分辨率的LTLR分布。【方法】本研究基于2022年中国西部逐日1 km全天候地表温度数据集TRIMS,利用地表温度日变化模型对青藏高原逐小时地表温度进行估算,进而采用滑动窗口法计算逐小时月均LTLR,分析了研究区LTLR在季节尺度上的时空分布与差异特征。弥补了青藏高原地区缺少高时空分辨率LTLR研究的现状。【结果】(1)4个季节平均LTLR分别为-6.12、-7.63、-5.89和-3.23℃/km,春夏季节整体高于秋冬季节,但横断山脉区域相反,冬季平均LTLR较夏季高出约0.57℃/km;(2)春夏季最大LTLR分别为-14.45℃/km、-13.92℃/km,相对于秋、冬季最大LTLR的-13.60℃/km、-11.61℃/km,更高,因高海拔和干旱晴朗天气影响,羌塘高原区不同季节的最大LTLR差异显著,其中冬季最大LTLR最小,为-13.67℃/km;(3)夏季最小LTLR最为大,高出其他季节约3.05℃/km,其中横断山脉四季最小LTLR均较大,其中春季最小LTLR为-1.16℃/km,比其他3个季节更高,最小的秋季最小LTLR为0.03℃/km,而羌塘高原区四季最小LTLR最小;(4)日变化曲线显示,春秋冬3个季节的LTLR在11:00—14:00最大,春季最小LTLR出现在20:00—23:00,秋季最小LTLR出现时间较春季提前了约1 h,而夏季一天中出现2次最大LTLR,分别在4:00—7:00和15:00—18:00,在21:00—23:00呈现出日最小LTLR特征。【结论】本研究对深入揭示青藏高原地表温度垂直递减率在季节尺度上的时空变化特征与相关影响机制有重要作用。展开更多
Windows Mobile Standard是主流的手机操作系统之一,但其中的汉字输入法少,用户选择余地小。首先比较了Windows Mobile Standard中文输入法与桌面Windows中文输入法的异同,分析了Windows Mobile Standard的输入接口,然后讲解了设计并实...Windows Mobile Standard是主流的手机操作系统之一,但其中的汉字输入法少,用户选择余地小。首先比较了Windows Mobile Standard中文输入法与桌面Windows中文输入法的异同,分析了Windows Mobile Standard的输入接口,然后讲解了设计并实现一个Windows Mobile Standard纵横码中文输入法的过程,描述了其中的一些关键问题。纵横码汉字输入法的开发对于各种输入法向手持设备上移植具有借鉴意义。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0600101 and 2018YFA0605502)China Meteorological Administration Special Public Welfare Research Fund(GYHY201406001)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571348)
文摘The Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer(VISSR) onboard the Fengyun-2(FY-2) satellite can provide valuable thermal infrared observations to help create a precipitable water vapor(PWV) product with high spatial and temporal resolutions. The current FY-2/VISSR PWV product in operation is produced by using a traditional two-band physical split-window(PSW) method, which produces low quality results under dry atmospheric conditions. Based on the sensitivity characteristics of FY-2 F/VISSR water vapor channel and two split-window channels to atmospheric water vapor, this study developed a new, robust operational PWV retrieval algorithm for FY-2 F to improve the operational precision of the current PWV product. The algorithm uses a modified three-band PSW method, which adds a scale for the water vapor channel in the improved three-band PSW method. Integrated PWV products from the radiosonde data in 2016 are used here to validate the precision of the PWV retrieved by the modified three-band and traditional two-band PSW methods. The mean bias, root mean square error(RMSE), and correlation coefficient of the PWV retrieved by the modified three-band PSW method are 0.28 mm, 4.53 mm, and 0.969, respectively. The accuracy is much better than the PWV retrieved by the two-band method, whose mean bias, RMSE, and correlation coefficient are 12.67 mm, 29.35 mm, and 0.23. Especially, in mid-or high-latitude regions, the RMSE of the PWV is improved from 10 to 2 mm by changing the inversion in the two-band method to the modified three-band PSW method. Furthermore, the modified three-band PSW results show a better consistency with the radiosonde PWV at any zonal belt and season than the two-band PSW results. This new algorithm could significantly improve the quality of the current FY-2 F/VISSR PWV product, especially at sites where the actual PWV are lower than 15 mm.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-38)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to establish a new method for preparing paraffin sections of cattle eyebal s. [Method] The conventional method was used to prepare paraffin sections for cattle eyebal s in the control and a new method termed＆quot;opening a window on cornea and refixation＆quot; was used to prepare paraffin sections for cattle eyebal s in the treatment group. [Result] After the prepared specimens in the treatment group were fixed, it could be macroscopical y observed that retina and choroid were closely connected, with detachment occurring at a smal portion be-tween the two. According to the paraffin sections, it was microscopical y observed that the continuity of trabecular meshwork was intact, as wel as the continuity be-tween different layers of eyebal wal , without detachment between them, no retinal detachment, no shrinkage of each layer of tissue cells. [Conclusion] This study pro-vides a foundation for the basic research and pathological study of eyebal s.
文摘【目的】青藏高原作为中国最大,世界海拔最高的高原,地表温度垂直递减率(Land Surface Temperature Lapse Rate,LTLR)的时空分布特征对气候变化、生态系统以及水文过程研究具有重要意义。已有研究无法准确表达复杂地形条件下的山区近地表气温直减率在时空分布与变化上的精细特征。因此本研究利用地表温度日变化模型估算出青藏高原逐小时地表温度,进而计算出逐小时月均LTLR,以获得青藏高原地区高时空分辨率的LTLR分布。【方法】本研究基于2022年中国西部逐日1 km全天候地表温度数据集TRIMS,利用地表温度日变化模型对青藏高原逐小时地表温度进行估算,进而采用滑动窗口法计算逐小时月均LTLR,分析了研究区LTLR在季节尺度上的时空分布与差异特征。弥补了青藏高原地区缺少高时空分辨率LTLR研究的现状。【结果】(1)4个季节平均LTLR分别为-6.12、-7.63、-5.89和-3.23℃/km,春夏季节整体高于秋冬季节,但横断山脉区域相反,冬季平均LTLR较夏季高出约0.57℃/km;(2)春夏季最大LTLR分别为-14.45℃/km、-13.92℃/km,相对于秋、冬季最大LTLR的-13.60℃/km、-11.61℃/km,更高,因高海拔和干旱晴朗天气影响,羌塘高原区不同季节的最大LTLR差异显著,其中冬季最大LTLR最小,为-13.67℃/km;(3)夏季最小LTLR最为大,高出其他季节约3.05℃/km,其中横断山脉四季最小LTLR均较大,其中春季最小LTLR为-1.16℃/km,比其他3个季节更高,最小的秋季最小LTLR为0.03℃/km,而羌塘高原区四季最小LTLR最小;(4)日变化曲线显示,春秋冬3个季节的LTLR在11:00—14:00最大,春季最小LTLR出现在20:00—23:00,秋季最小LTLR出现时间较春季提前了约1 h,而夏季一天中出现2次最大LTLR,分别在4:00—7:00和15:00—18:00,在21:00—23:00呈现出日最小LTLR特征。【结论】本研究对深入揭示青藏高原地表温度垂直递减率在季节尺度上的时空变化特征与相关影响机制有重要作用。
文摘Windows Mobile Standard是主流的手机操作系统之一,但其中的汉字输入法少,用户选择余地小。首先比较了Windows Mobile Standard中文输入法与桌面Windows中文输入法的异同,分析了Windows Mobile Standard的输入接口,然后讲解了设计并实现一个Windows Mobile Standard纵横码中文输入法的过程,描述了其中的一些关键问题。纵横码汉字输入法的开发对于各种输入法向手持设备上移植具有借鉴意义。
