The 6.8 magnitude earthquake in Dingri County,Xigaze,Southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region,is tugging at the hearts of all Chinese people and garnered widespread attention from the international community.Intern...The 6.8 magnitude earthquake in Dingri County,Xigaze,Southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region,is tugging at the hearts of all Chinese people and garnered widespread attention from the international community.International figures,including UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres,Russian President Vladimir Putin,French President Emmanuel Macron,Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic,and Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba,have extended their condolences to China.展开更多
Experimental and analytical investigations on the residual strength of the stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with widespread fatigue damage （WFD） are conducted. Nine stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with ...Experimental and analytical investigations on the residual strength of the stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with widespread fatigue damage （WFD） are conducted. Nine stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with three different types of damage are tested for residual strength. Each specimen is pre-cracked at rivet holes by saw cuts and subjected to a monotonically increasing tensile load until failure is occurred and the failure load is recorded. The stress intensity factors at the tips of the lead crack and the adjacent WFD cracks of the stiffened aluminum alloy panels are calculated by compounding approach and finite element method （FEM） respectively. The residual strength of the stiffened panels with WFD is evaluated by the engineering method with plastic zone linkup criterion and the FEM with apparent fracture toughness criterion respectively. The predicted residual strength agrees well with the experiment results. It indicates that in engineering practice these methods can be used for residual strength evaluation with the acceptable accuracy. It can be seen from this research that WFD can significantly reduce the residual strength and the critical crack length of the stiffened panels with WFD. The effect of WFD crack length on residual strength is also studied.展开更多
The survival and development of human society highly depends on the water availability. Driven by the growth of population and economy, global water demand has increased more than eightfold since the 1900s. Meanwhile,...The survival and development of human society highly depends on the water availability. Driven by the growth of population and economy, global water demand has increased more than eightfold since the 1900s. Meanwhile, the commonly deteriorated freshwater quality cause a large proportion of available water resources unsuitable for human uses. This inter-coupled challenge of insufficient water quantity and inadequate water quality has rendered water scarcity a widespread problem in many parts of the world.展开更多
The westem slope of the Okinawa trough has been considered to experience important methane seep activities. Abundant terrigenous sediments supply and widely developed normal faults make this area an ideal place for me...The westem slope of the Okinawa trough has been considered to experience important methane seep activities. Abundant terrigenous sediments supply and widely developed normal faults make this area an ideal place for methane production, methane fluids migration and associated anaerobic oxidation of methane.展开更多
BACKGROUND Osteomalacia(OM)is frequently confused with various musculoskeletal or other rheumatic diseases,especially in patients with adult-onset widespread musculoskeletal pain because of its low prevalence and non-...BACKGROUND Osteomalacia(OM)is frequently confused with various musculoskeletal or other rheumatic diseases,especially in patients with adult-onset widespread musculoskeletal pain because of its low prevalence and non-specific manifestations.AIM To facilitate the early diagnosis and etiology-specific treatment of adult-onset hypophosphatemic OM.METHODS A retrospective review of medical records was performed to screen adult patients who visited a physiatry locomotive medicine clinic(spine and musculoskeletal pain clinic)primarily presenting with widespread musculoskeletal pain at a single tertiary hospital between January 2011 and December 2019.We enrolled patients with hypophosphatemia,high serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels,and at least one imaging finding suggestive of OM.RESULTS Eight patients with adult-onset hypophosphatemic OM were included.The back was the most common site of pain.Proximal dominant symmetric muscle weakness was observed in more than half of the patients.Bone scintigraphy was the most useful imaging modality for diagnosing OM because radiotracer uptake in OM showed characteristic patterns.Six patients were diagnosed with adefovir(ADV)-induced Fanconi syndrome,and the other two patients were diagnosed with tumor-induced OM and light-chain nephropathy,respectively.After phosphorus and vitamin D supplementation and treatment for the underlying etiologies,improvements in pain,muscle strength,and gait were observed in all patients.CONCLUSION Mechanical pain characteristics,hypophosphatemia,and distinctive bone scintigraphy patterns are the initial diagnostic indicators of adult-onset hypophosphatemic OM.ADV-induced Fanconi syndrome is the most common etiology of hypophosphatemic OM in hepatitis B virus-endemic countries.展开更多
Childhood sexual abuse(CSA)is a widespread and serious public health concern,with long-term impacts on overall health in adulthood.According to a systematic review published in 2018,the prevalence of CSA in China rang...Childhood sexual abuse(CSA)is a widespread and serious public health concern,with long-term impacts on overall health in adulthood.According to a systematic review published in 2018,the prevalence of CSA in China ranges from 11.6%to 20.2%[1].A longitudinal study from New Zealand demonstrated that CSA negatively influences a broad range of adult developmental outcomes,including mental disorders,psychological wellbeing,sexual risk-taking,physical health,and socioeconomic wellbeing[2].Therefore,CSA is considered a longterm hazard to the overall health of adults and is associated with poor quality of life(QoL).展开更多
In an age where digitization is widespread in clinical and preclinical workflows,pathology is still predominantly practiced by microscopic evaluation of stained tissue specimens affixed on glass slides.Over the last d...In an age where digitization is widespread in clinical and preclinical workflows,pathology is still predominantly practiced by microscopic evaluation of stained tissue specimens affixed on glass slides.Over the last decade,new high throughput digital scanning microscopes have ushered in the era of digital pathology that,along with recent advances in machine vision,have opened up new possibilities for Computer-Aided-Diagnoses.Despite these advances,the high infrastructural costs related to digital pathology and the perception that the digitization process is an additional and nondirectly reimbursable step have challenged its widespread adoption.Here,we discuss how emerging virtual staining technologies and machine learning can help to disrupt the standard histopathology workflow and create new avenues for the diagnostic paradigm that will benefit patients and healthcare systems alike via digital pathology.展开更多
Dear Editor：Numerous magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）studies have demonstrated that patients with early-onset schizophrenia（EOS）have widespread structural abnormalities in the cortical gray matter[1],suggesting th...Dear Editor：Numerous magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）studies have demonstrated that patients with early-onset schizophrenia（EOS）have widespread structural abnormalities in the cortical gray matter[1],suggesting that neurobiological processes play a central role in the structural abnormalities underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia[2].In addition,volumetric abnormalities have been used to identify individuals at risk of mental states of展开更多
The 2014 Western Ebolavirus infectionis the serious emerging disease at present[1-3].This disease result in high fatality and rapidly widespread in Africa.hence.it becomes the present concern for medical society[1-3]....The 2014 Western Ebolavirus infectionis the serious emerging disease at present[1-3].This disease result in high fatality and rapidly widespread in Africa.hence.it becomes the present concern for medical society[1-3].The knowledge on clinical presentation on this new Ebola virus infection is extremely limited.It is known展开更多
Weathering crust of carbonate rocks refers to the terra rossa formation, which is derived from limestone, dolomite and transitional rocks between the two. Terra rossa is widespread in the tropical and subtropical area...Weathering crust of carbonate rocks refers to the terra rossa formation, which is derived from limestone, dolomite and transitional rocks between the two. Terra rossa is widespread in the tropical and subtropical areas over the world. It is also well distributed in southern China, such as Yunnan. Guizhou Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces. Its thickness is generally 7-8展开更多
Cynomolgus macaques(Macaca fascicularis)belong to the genus Macaca.They are the most widespread nonhuman primate(NHP)and share a common ancestor with humans from about 25 million years ago(Kumar and Hedges,1998).Becau...Cynomolgus macaques(Macaca fascicularis)belong to the genus Macaca.They are the most widespread nonhuman primate(NHP)and share a common ancestor with humans from about 25 million years ago(Kumar and Hedges,1998).Because of their phylogenetic proximity to humans,macaques are an attractive NHP research model for a wide range of biomedical research(Yan et al.,2011).展开更多
Saline lakes are widespread on all continents.Since 1979,an informal international association of salt lake researchers from a variety of disciplines has sponsored a series of triennial conferences to foster scientifi...Saline lakes are widespread on all continents.Since 1979,an informal international association of salt lake researchers from a variety of disciplines has sponsored a series of triennial conferences to foster scientific exchange and our understanding of saline lakes.International Society for Salt Lake Research(ISSLR,www.isslr.org)was founded in 1994 to establish effective liaison between persons interested in any aspect of inland saline waters,to encourage these interests,and to educate the public in the scientific use,management,and conservation of salt lakes.ISSLR conferences are held triennially.The conferences are usually hosted by a local University or research institution and provide an excellent opportunity for networking among globally dispe rsed researchers.展开更多
Widespread species that inhabit diverse environments possess large population sizes and exhibit a high capacity for environmental adaptation,thus enabling range expansion.In contrast,narrow-range species are confined ...Widespread species that inhabit diverse environments possess large population sizes and exhibit a high capacity for environmental adaptation,thus enabling range expansion.In contrast,narrow-range species are confined to restricted geographical areas and are ecologically adapted to narrow environmental conditions,thus limiting their ability to expand into novel environments.However,the genomic mechanisms underlying the differentiation between closely related species with varying distribution ranges remain poorly understood.The Niviventer niviventer species complex(NNSC),consisting of highly abundant wild rats in Southeast Asia and China,offers an excellent opportunity to investigate these questions due to the presence of both widespread and narrow-range species that are phylogenetically closely related.In the present study,we combined ecological niche modeling with phylogenetic analysis,which suggested that sister species cannot be both widespread and dominant within the same geographical region.Moreover,by assessing heterozygosity,linkage disequilibrium decay,and Tajima's D analysis,we found that widespread species exhibited higher genetic diversity than narrow-range species.In addition,by exploring the“genomic islands of speciation”,we identified 13 genes in highly divergent regions that were shared by the two widespread species,distinguishing them from their narrow-range counterparts.Functional annotation analysis indicated that these genes are involved in nervous system development and regulation.The adaptive evolution of these genes likely played an important role in the speciation of these widespread species.展开更多
Some plant species traits may not be uniform across populations distributed across a wide latitudinal range. This study examined intraspecies variation in the effects of cold stratification on the germination of seeds...Some plant species traits may not be uniform across populations distributed across a wide latitudinal range. This study examined intraspecies variation in the effects of cold stratification on the germination of seeds of two widespread trees, Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Rosaceae) and Melia azedarach (Meliaceae), collected from the subtropical Ogasawara Islands (southern seeds) and the temperate Japan mainland (northern seeds). Under the no-treatment control, the southern seeds germinated faster in R. umbellata and achieved a higher germination percentage in M. azedarach. The regional differences in germination performance were reduced by cold stratification. It was reasonable that these germination traits increase fitness under each climate region. Because the remote Ogasawara populations are sufficiently isolated to have developed some distinct characteristics, even common, widespread species may have important conservation value where they exist within insular biota.展开更多
Widespread hotels represent a new Italian phenomenon still not much investigated, both on theoretical and empirical side, which cannot be ignored anymore. Indeed they meet the need to implement techniques and manageme...Widespread hotels represent a new Italian phenomenon still not much investigated, both on theoretical and empirical side, which cannot be ignored anymore. Indeed they meet the need to implement techniques and management tools which are able to improve the culture-tourism binomial. This would permit to transform into valid instruments of national economical development, the shared declaration of intents for which culture and tourism, especially in Italy and in this particular fragile period, represent even more the main strategic levers for the sustainable development. This article intends to describe the potentiality of these widespread hotels as innovations particularly suitable with trends recently emerged in tourism sector and outline the phenomenon pattern in ltaly with particular attention on Umbria region, in order to identify his main strength and weakness and some innovation to improve performance. To this end, it starts from the analysis of the national and international economic-managerial literature concerning in particular cultural and experienced trends shown in tourism. Then it introduces the main acquisitions about widespread hotels in Italy, updating and extending them through a desk survey based on indirect sources of various natures. Lastly, it describes the case of Umbria, analyzing more in depth making use of interviews with entrepreneurs/managers of hotels and based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The aspects of indeterminateness which were found, starting from the normative one, testify how the potentiality of the widespread hotels as far as regards the value creation for the enterprise itself and the territorial stakeholder, are still not properly understood and therefore used. It is clear that, therefore, new behaviors are needed for entrepreneurs and, most importantly, for local policy makers in order to create the conditions for the full success of these hospitality models.展开更多
The bending characteristics of dual-hole polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber(PM-PCF) are demonstrated in this paper. The modal interference is induced by the LP_(01) mode and LP_(11) mode propagating in a ...The bending characteristics of dual-hole polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber(PM-PCF) are demonstrated in this paper. The modal interference is induced by the LP_(01) mode and LP_(11) mode propagating in a single PM-PCF with the same polarization direction. Simulation results demonstrate that the bending radius induces the phase difference between LP_(01) mode and LP_(11) mode, which leads to the change of light interference intensity on the fiber output facet. The relationship between bending radius and normalized interference intensity with three different bending angles is discussed, where the bending angle is defined as the angle between hole axis and the x axis. The bending sensitivity is obtained to be about-188.78/m around the bending radius of 1.5 cm with the bending angle of 90°. The bending characteristics can contribute for online bending detection in widespread areas.展开更多
The epic show Great Journey,celebrating The 100th Anniversary of the Founding of The Communist Party of China(CPC),presents CPC's glorious journey over the past century.It energized and inspired Chinese people,win...The epic show Great Journey,celebrating The 100th Anniversary of the Founding of The Communist Party of China(CPC),presents CPC's glorious journey over the past century.It energized and inspired Chinese people,winning widespread acclaims and evoking resonance among all walks of life.展开更多
Overeducation is widespread across the countries in the world.However,not much is known about the patterns of overeducation in China.This paper examines levels,trends and patterns of overeducation in China over the la...Overeducation is widespread across the countries in the world.However,not much is known about the patterns of overeducation in China.This paper examines levels,trends and patterns of overeducation in China over the last 20 years.Overeducation rate in China increased from 7.24%in 1990to 12.26%in 2000,and further to28.16%in 2010.The pace was much more rapid in the second decade than in the first decade.Overeducation is substantial across all the population subgroups.with widening differentials.Overeducation rates in the big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are much higher than elsewhere in China.China’s rapidly increasing overeducation is largely a result of the implementation of college expansion policy started in the late 1990s.展开更多
As is known, widespread fatigue damage （WFD） is a common phenomenon of aging aircraft being a negative impact on safety and reliability. The current FAR 25. 571 （b） requires that ＂An LOV （ Limit of Validi- ty） ...As is known, widespread fatigue damage （WFD） is a common phenomenon of aging aircraft being a negative impact on safety and reliability. The current FAR 25. 571 （b） requires that ＂An LOV （ Limit of Validi- ty） must be established, during which it is demonstrated that widespread fatigue damage will not occur in the air- craft structures＂. The FAA issued AC 91-82A in August 2011 providing guidance on developing and implemen- ting a Fatigue Management Program （FMP） system to address in-service issues for metallic fatigue critical struc- tures. This action brings new challenges to aircraft manufacturers in China. This paper introduces the problem of widespread fatigue damage including the MSD（ multiple site damage） and MED（ multiple element damage） and the differences between them and the steps to establish the LOV/ELOV（ Extended limit of validity）. Authors in this paper is also proposing some management indicators to control WFD during the design phase and mainte- nance. Developing and implementing the management indicators to address WFD which are involved in the FMP system may provide guidance on the estimation and management to address WFD for present and future aircraft. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to provide the theoretical basis for large civil aircraft design and airwor- thiness.展开更多
文摘The 6.8 magnitude earthquake in Dingri County,Xigaze,Southwest China’s Xizang Autonomous Region,is tugging at the hearts of all Chinese people and garnered widespread attention from the international community.International figures,including UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres,Russian President Vladimir Putin,French President Emmanuel Macron,Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic,and Japanese Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba,have extended their condolences to China.
文摘Experimental and analytical investigations on the residual strength of the stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with widespread fatigue damage （WFD） are conducted. Nine stiffened LY12CZ aluminum alloy panels with three different types of damage are tested for residual strength. Each specimen is pre-cracked at rivet holes by saw cuts and subjected to a monotonically increasing tensile load until failure is occurred and the failure load is recorded. The stress intensity factors at the tips of the lead crack and the adjacent WFD cracks of the stiffened aluminum alloy panels are calculated by compounding approach and finite element method （FEM） respectively. The residual strength of the stiffened panels with WFD is evaluated by the engineering method with plastic zone linkup criterion and the FEM with apparent fracture toughness criterion respectively. The predicted residual strength agrees well with the experiment results. It indicates that in engineering practice these methods can be used for residual strength evaluation with the acceptable accuracy. It can be seen from this research that WFD can significantly reduce the residual strength and the critical crack length of the stiffened panels with WFD. The effect of WFD crack length on residual strength is also studied.
文摘The survival and development of human society highly depends on the water availability. Driven by the growth of population and economy, global water demand has increased more than eightfold since the 1900s. Meanwhile, the commonly deteriorated freshwater quality cause a large proportion of available water resources unsuitable for human uses. This inter-coupled challenge of insufficient water quantity and inadequate water quality has rendered water scarcity a widespread problem in many parts of the world.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.41306062)the Key Laboratory of Gas Hydrate Foundation(grant No.SHW [2014]-DX-04)
文摘The westem slope of the Okinawa trough has been considered to experience important methane seep activities. Abundant terrigenous sediments supply and widely developed normal faults make this area an ideal place for methane production, methane fluids migration and associated anaerobic oxidation of methane.
基金This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Samsung Medical Center(approval number:2020-09-027-001).
文摘BACKGROUND Osteomalacia(OM)is frequently confused with various musculoskeletal or other rheumatic diseases,especially in patients with adult-onset widespread musculoskeletal pain because of its low prevalence and non-specific manifestations.AIM To facilitate the early diagnosis and etiology-specific treatment of adult-onset hypophosphatemic OM.METHODS A retrospective review of medical records was performed to screen adult patients who visited a physiatry locomotive medicine clinic(spine and musculoskeletal pain clinic)primarily presenting with widespread musculoskeletal pain at a single tertiary hospital between January 2011 and December 2019.We enrolled patients with hypophosphatemia,high serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels,and at least one imaging finding suggestive of OM.RESULTS Eight patients with adult-onset hypophosphatemic OM were included.The back was the most common site of pain.Proximal dominant symmetric muscle weakness was observed in more than half of the patients.Bone scintigraphy was the most useful imaging modality for diagnosing OM because radiotracer uptake in OM showed characteristic patterns.Six patients were diagnosed with adefovir(ADV)-induced Fanconi syndrome,and the other two patients were diagnosed with tumor-induced OM and light-chain nephropathy,respectively.After phosphorus and vitamin D supplementation and treatment for the underlying etiologies,improvements in pain,muscle strength,and gait were observed in all patients.CONCLUSION Mechanical pain characteristics,hypophosphatemia,and distinctive bone scintigraphy patterns are the initial diagnostic indicators of adult-onset hypophosphatemic OM.ADV-induced Fanconi syndrome is the most common etiology of hypophosphatemic OM in hepatitis B virus-endemic countries.
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers:82204071,81874268,and 82173539]a Scientific Research of BSKY grant from Anhui Medical University[grant number:0303033201].
文摘Childhood sexual abuse(CSA)is a widespread and serious public health concern,with long-term impacts on overall health in adulthood.According to a systematic review published in 2018,the prevalence of CSA in China ranges from 11.6%to 20.2%[1].A longitudinal study from New Zealand demonstrated that CSA negatively influences a broad range of adult developmental outcomes,including mental disorders,psychological wellbeing,sexual risk-taking,physical health,and socioeconomic wellbeing[2].Therefore,CSA is considered a longterm hazard to the overall health of adults and is associated with poor quality of life(QoL).
基金This study was financially supported by the NSF Biophotonics Program (USA).
文摘In an age where digitization is widespread in clinical and preclinical workflows,pathology is still predominantly practiced by microscopic evaluation of stained tissue specimens affixed on glass slides.Over the last decade,new high throughput digital scanning microscopes have ushered in the era of digital pathology that,along with recent advances in machine vision,have opened up new possibilities for Computer-Aided-Diagnoses.Despite these advances,the high infrastructural costs related to digital pathology and the perception that the digitization process is an additional and nondirectly reimbursable step have challenged its widespread adoption.Here,we discuss how emerging virtual staining technologies and machine learning can help to disrupt the standard histopathology workflow and create new avenues for the diagnostic paradigm that will benefit patients and healthcare systems alike via digital pathology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30900486, 81371480, 81271484, 81471361, 81100996, and 81200838)the National Basic Research Development Program (973) of China (2012CB517904)supported by the Sheng-Hua Yuying Project of Central South University, China
文摘Dear Editor：Numerous magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）studies have demonstrated that patients with early-onset schizophrenia（EOS）have widespread structural abnormalities in the cortical gray matter[1],suggesting that neurobiological processes play a central role in the structural abnormalities underlying the pathophysiology of schizophrenia[2].In addition,volumetric abnormalities have been used to identify individuals at risk of mental states of
文摘The 2014 Western Ebolavirus infectionis the serious emerging disease at present[1-3].This disease result in high fatality and rapidly widespread in Africa.hence.it becomes the present concern for medical society[1-3].The knowledge on clinical presentation on this new Ebola virus infection is extremely limited.It is known
文摘Weathering crust of carbonate rocks refers to the terra rossa formation, which is derived from limestone, dolomite and transitional rocks between the two. Terra rossa is widespread in the tropical and subtropical areas over the world. It is also well distributed in southern China, such as Yunnan. Guizhou Sichuan, Hunan, Guangxi and other provinces. Its thickness is generally 7-8
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province(202001BC070001,202102AA100053)the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program(No.32070580)。
文摘Cynomolgus macaques(Macaca fascicularis)belong to the genus Macaca.They are the most widespread nonhuman primate(NHP)and share a common ancestor with humans from about 25 million years ago(Kumar and Hedges,1998).Because of their phylogenetic proximity to humans,macaques are an attractive NHP research model for a wide range of biomedical research(Yan et al.,2011).
基金supported by the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(No.0287-2021-0019)。
文摘Saline lakes are widespread on all continents.Since 1979,an informal international association of salt lake researchers from a variety of disciplines has sponsored a series of triennial conferences to foster scientific exchange and our understanding of saline lakes.International Society for Salt Lake Research(ISSLR,www.isslr.org)was founded in 1994 to establish effective liaison between persons interested in any aspect of inland saline waters,to encourage these interests,and to educate the public in the scientific use,management,and conservation of salt lakes.ISSLR conferences are held triennially.The conferences are usually hosted by a local University or research institution and provide an excellent opportunity for networking among globally dispe rsed researchers.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key R&D Program (2022B1111040001)the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (2019QZKK0402/2019QZKK0501)National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170426)。
文摘Widespread species that inhabit diverse environments possess large population sizes and exhibit a high capacity for environmental adaptation,thus enabling range expansion.In contrast,narrow-range species are confined to restricted geographical areas and are ecologically adapted to narrow environmental conditions,thus limiting their ability to expand into novel environments.However,the genomic mechanisms underlying the differentiation between closely related species with varying distribution ranges remain poorly understood.The Niviventer niviventer species complex(NNSC),consisting of highly abundant wild rats in Southeast Asia and China,offers an excellent opportunity to investigate these questions due to the presence of both widespread and narrow-range species that are phylogenetically closely related.In the present study,we combined ecological niche modeling with phylogenetic analysis,which suggested that sister species cannot be both widespread and dominant within the same geographical region.Moreover,by assessing heterozygosity,linkage disequilibrium decay,and Tajima's D analysis,we found that widespread species exhibited higher genetic diversity than narrow-range species.In addition,by exploring the“genomic islands of speciation”,we identified 13 genes in highly divergent regions that were shared by the two widespread species,distinguishing them from their narrow-range counterparts.Functional annotation analysis indicated that these genes are involved in nervous system development and regulation.The adaptive evolution of these genes likely played an important role in the speciation of these widespread species.
文摘Some plant species traits may not be uniform across populations distributed across a wide latitudinal range. This study examined intraspecies variation in the effects of cold stratification on the germination of seeds of two widespread trees, Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Rosaceae) and Melia azedarach (Meliaceae), collected from the subtropical Ogasawara Islands (southern seeds) and the temperate Japan mainland (northern seeds). Under the no-treatment control, the southern seeds germinated faster in R. umbellata and achieved a higher germination percentage in M. azedarach. The regional differences in germination performance were reduced by cold stratification. It was reasonable that these germination traits increase fitness under each climate region. Because the remote Ogasawara populations are sufficiently isolated to have developed some distinct characteristics, even common, widespread species may have important conservation value where they exist within insular biota.
文摘Widespread hotels represent a new Italian phenomenon still not much investigated, both on theoretical and empirical side, which cannot be ignored anymore. Indeed they meet the need to implement techniques and management tools which are able to improve the culture-tourism binomial. This would permit to transform into valid instruments of national economical development, the shared declaration of intents for which culture and tourism, especially in Italy and in this particular fragile period, represent even more the main strategic levers for the sustainable development. This article intends to describe the potentiality of these widespread hotels as innovations particularly suitable with trends recently emerged in tourism sector and outline the phenomenon pattern in ltaly with particular attention on Umbria region, in order to identify his main strength and weakness and some innovation to improve performance. To this end, it starts from the analysis of the national and international economic-managerial literature concerning in particular cultural and experienced trends shown in tourism. Then it introduces the main acquisitions about widespread hotels in Italy, updating and extending them through a desk survey based on indirect sources of various natures. Lastly, it describes the case of Umbria, analyzing more in depth making use of interviews with entrepreneurs/managers of hotels and based on a semi-structured questionnaire. The aspects of indeterminateness which were found, starting from the normative one, testify how the potentiality of the widespread hotels as far as regards the value creation for the enterprise itself and the territorial stakeholder, are still not properly understood and therefore used. It is clear that, therefore, new behaviors are needed for entrepreneurs and, most importantly, for local policy makers in order to create the conditions for the full success of these hospitality models.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61475133)the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.F2015203270)+3 种基金the Yanshan University Doctor Foundation(No.B872)the Yanshan University Youth Foundation(No.14LGB015)the College Youth Talent Project of Hebei Province(No.BJ2014057)the Hebei Educational Committee Natural Science Youth Fund(No.QN2014034)
文摘The bending characteristics of dual-hole polarization maintaining photonic crystal fiber(PM-PCF) are demonstrated in this paper. The modal interference is induced by the LP_(01) mode and LP_(11) mode propagating in a single PM-PCF with the same polarization direction. Simulation results demonstrate that the bending radius induces the phase difference between LP_(01) mode and LP_(11) mode, which leads to the change of light interference intensity on the fiber output facet. The relationship between bending radius and normalized interference intensity with three different bending angles is discussed, where the bending angle is defined as the angle between hole axis and the x axis. The bending sensitivity is obtained to be about-188.78/m around the bending radius of 1.5 cm with the bending angle of 90°. The bending characteristics can contribute for online bending detection in widespread areas.
文摘The epic show Great Journey,celebrating The 100th Anniversary of the Founding of The Communist Party of China(CPC),presents CPC's glorious journey over the past century.It energized and inspired Chinese people,winning widespread acclaims and evoking resonance among all walks of life.
文摘Overeducation is widespread across the countries in the world.However,not much is known about the patterns of overeducation in China.This paper examines levels,trends and patterns of overeducation in China over the last 20 years.Overeducation rate in China increased from 7.24%in 1990to 12.26%in 2000,and further to28.16%in 2010.The pace was much more rapid in the second decade than in the first decade.Overeducation is substantial across all the population subgroups.with widening differentials.Overeducation rates in the big cities like Beijing and Shanghai are much higher than elsewhere in China.China’s rapidly increasing overeducation is largely a result of the implementation of college expansion policy started in the late 1990s.
文摘As is known, widespread fatigue damage （WFD） is a common phenomenon of aging aircraft being a negative impact on safety and reliability. The current FAR 25. 571 （b） requires that ＂An LOV （ Limit of Validi- ty） must be established, during which it is demonstrated that widespread fatigue damage will not occur in the air- craft structures＂. The FAA issued AC 91-82A in August 2011 providing guidance on developing and implemen- ting a Fatigue Management Program （FMP） system to address in-service issues for metallic fatigue critical struc- tures. This action brings new challenges to aircraft manufacturers in China. This paper introduces the problem of widespread fatigue damage including the MSD（ multiple site damage） and MED（ multiple element damage） and the differences between them and the steps to establish the LOV/ELOV（ Extended limit of validity）. Authors in this paper is also proposing some management indicators to control WFD during the design phase and mainte- nance. Developing and implementing the management indicators to address WFD which are involved in the FMP system may provide guidance on the estimation and management to address WFD for present and future aircraft. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to provide the theoretical basis for large civil aircraft design and airwor- thiness.
