The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing...The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing effect of RE can refine the structure of spray-welding layers,and change the amount,size,shape and distri- bution of hard phase in spray-welding layers.The wearability of spray-welding layers is increased consequently.展开更多
In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five repre...In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five representative smart textiles are introduced and their respective wearability is described around preparation methods.Secondly,it is concluded that the preparation methods of smart textiles can be divided into two categories:fiber methods and finishing methods.The fiber methods refer to making smart fibers into smart textiles.Textiles made by fiber methods are breathable and feel good in the hand,but the mechanical properties are influenced by the production equipment,and the process cost is high.The finishing methods refer to the functional finishing of ordinary textiles.Although the finishing method is simple and convenient,it may reduce the comfort of the textile.Finally,applications and new research in various fields of smart textiles are presented with promising prospects.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a theoretical basis for future research and development of smart textiles.Researchers are expected to create new technologies to overcome the tension between functionality and usability,as well as to increase user comfort and convenience.展开更多
The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trac...The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trace amount of yttrium and the optimal adding amount is about 0 27%(wt)(in binder) Experimental results indicate that owing to adding yttrium, in as sintered cemented carbides the sizes of carbide grains and Co rich binder regions are reduced and their size homogeneity is improved, while in the binder, both dissolved contents of tungsten and titanium and volume proportion of the ductile α Co phase with f c c lattice are increased Therefore, the strength toughness of the binder and the cemented carbide which consists of the carbides and the binder are apparently enhanced Besides, it is found that many Y 2WO 6 particles appear along the WC/WC or WC/Co rich phase interfaces in as sintered carbide alloy with yttrium addition until 4 5%(wt), showing that during liquid phase sintering process of the alloys the segregation of yttrium atoms and Y 2WO 6 forming reaction might take place on the carbide particles/liquid binder interfaces, reducing the oxide films on the surface of WC particles and strengthening the cohesion of WC particles with Co rich binder展开更多
A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic ...A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic reaction. The results show the hardness ofsurfacing metal increases with the increase of ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti), ferrovanadium (Fe-V) andgraphite in the coat. However, when graphite reaches the volume fraction of 11 percent, the hardnessreaches its peak value, and when beyond 11 percent, the hardness falls off. As Fe-Ti, Fe-V andgraphite increase, the cracking resistance of deposited metal and usability of electrode declines.Carbides are dispersedly distributed in the matrix structure. The matrix micro structure ofdeposited metal is lath martensite. Carbides present irregular block. When using the researchedsurfacing electrode to continue weld with non-preheated, no seeable crack or only a few micro-crackscan be observed in the surface of deposited metal. The hardness is above 60 HRC. The wearresistance is better than that of EDZCr-C-15.展开更多
Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes...Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes embedded in theleather layer simultaneously working as a polyelectrolyte. This design totally reserves textiles underneath and thus addresses the well-known challenge of wearing comfortability. It provides a revolutionary configuration of wearable supercapacitors: the artificial leather on garment is also a supercapacitor.Unlike the polyvinyl alcohol-based acidic electrolytes, which are widely used, sodium chloride is used to modify the intrinsically fluorescent polyurethane leather for ionic transportation, which has no harm to human. The fluorescent leather supercapacitor is easily transferrable from any arbitrary substrates to form various patterns, enabling multifunctionalities of practical wearability, fashion, and energy storage.展开更多
Flexible electronics are transforming our lives by making daily activities more convenient.Central to this innovation are field-effect transistors(FETs),valued for their efficient signal processing,nanoscale fabricati...Flexible electronics are transforming our lives by making daily activities more convenient.Central to this innovation are field-effect transistors(FETs),valued for their efficient signal processing,nanoscale fabrication,low-power consumption,fast response times,and versatility.Graphene,known for its exceptional mechanical properties,high electron mobility,and biocompatibility,is an ideal material for FET channels and sensors.The combination of graphene and FETs has given rise to flexible graphene field-effect transistors(FGFETs),driving significant advances in flexible electronics and sparked a strong interest in flexible biomedical sensors.Here,we first provide a brief overview of the basic structure,operating mechanism,and evaluation parameters of FGFETs,and delve into their material selection and patterning techniques.The ability of FGFETs to sense strains and biomolecular charges opens up diverse application possibilities.We specifically analyze the latest strategies for integrating FGFETs into wearable and implantable flexible biomedical sensors,focusing on the key aspects of constructing high-quality flexible biomedical sensors.Finally,we discuss the current challenges and prospects of FGFETs and their applications in biomedical sensors.This review will provide valuable insights and inspiration for ongoing research to improve the quality of FGFETs and broaden their application prospects in flexible biomedical sensing.展开更多
The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activit...The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.展开更多
The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an over...The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency,providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management.Among many candidates,two-dimensional(2D)materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical,electrical,optical,and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films.While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene,the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications,particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities.This review aims to consolidate recent progress,highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials,and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices.We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages,sensing mechanisms,and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication.Following this,we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body.Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices,mainly including self-power supply,integrated diagnosis/treatment,and human–machine interaction.Finally,the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of2D materials for advanced biodevices.展开更多
Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealin...Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealing for individuals to track their real-time health and exercise data seamlessly. While numerous devices enable sports and health monitoring, maintaining comfort over long periods remains a considerable challenge, especially in high-intensity and sweaty sports scenarios. Textiles, with their breathability, deformability, and moisture-wicking abilities, ensure exceptional comfort during prolonged wear, making them ideal for wearable platforms. This review summarized the progress of research on textile-based sports monitoring devices. First, the design principles and fabrication methods of smart textiles were introduced systematically. Textiles undergo a distinctive fiber-yarn-fabric or fiber-fabric manufacturing process that allows for the regulation of performance and the integration of functional elements at every step. Then, the performance requirements for precise sports data collection of smart textiles, including main vital signs, joint movement, and data transmission, were discussed. Lastly, the applications of smart textiles in various sports scenarios are demonstrated. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for the research and development of sports-oriented smart textiles. Smart textiles not only maintain comfort and accuracy in sports, but also serve as inexpensive and efficient information-gathering terminals. Therefore, developing multifunctional, cost-effective textile-based systems for personalized sports and healthcare is a pressing need for the future of intelligent sports.展开更多
Diabetes is highly prevalent among the elderly worldwide,with the highest number of diabetes cases in China.Yet,the management of diabetes remains unsatisfactory.Recent advances in digital health technologies have fac...Diabetes is highly prevalent among the elderly worldwide,with the highest number of diabetes cases in China.Yet,the management of diabetes remains unsatisfactory.Recent advances in digital health technologies have facilitated the establishment of smart wards for diabetes patients.There is a lack of smart wards tailored specifically for older diabetes patients who encounter unique challenges in glycemic control and diabetes management,including an increased vulnerability to hypoglycemia,the presence of multiple chronic diseases,and cognitive decline.In this review,studies on digital health technologies for diabetes in China and beyond were summarized to elucidate how the adoption of digital health technologies,such as real-time continuous glucose monitoring,sensor-augmented pump technology,and their integration with 5th generation networks,big data cloud storage,and hospital information systems,can address issues specifically related to elderly diabetes patients in hospital wards.Furthermore,the challenges and future directions for establishing and implementing smart wards for elderly diabetes patients are discussed,and these challenges may also be applicable to other countries worldwide,not just in China.Taken together,the smart wards may enhance clinical outcomes,address specific issues,and eventually improve patient-centered hospital care for elderly patients with diabetes.展开更多
The rise of large-scale artificial intelligence(AI)models,such as ChatGPT,Deep-Seek,and autonomous vehicle systems,has significantly advanced the boundaries of AI,enabling highly complex tasks in natural language proc...The rise of large-scale artificial intelligence(AI)models,such as ChatGPT,Deep-Seek,and autonomous vehicle systems,has significantly advanced the boundaries of AI,enabling highly complex tasks in natural language processing,image recognition,and real-time decisionmaking.However,these models demand immense computational power and are often centralized,relying on cloud-based architectures with inherent limitations in latency,privacy,and energy efficiency.To address these challenges and bring AI closer to real-world applications,such as wearable health monitoring,robotics,and immersive virtual environments,innovative hardware solutions are urgently needed.This work introduces a near-sensor edge computing(NSEC)system,built on a bilayer AlN/Si waveguide platform,to provide real-time,energy-efficient AI capabilities at the edge.Leveraging the electro-optic properties of AlN microring resonators for photonic feature extraction,coupled with Si-based thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometers for neural network computations,the system represents a transformative approach to AI hardware design.Demonstrated through multimodal gesture and gait analysis,the NSEC system achieves high classification accuracies of 96.77%for gestures and 98.31%for gaits,ultra-low latency(<10 ns),and minimal energy consumption(<0.34 pJ).This groundbreaking system bridges the gap between AI models and real-world applications,enabling efficient,privacy-preserving AI solutions for healthcare,robotics,and next-generation human-machine interfaces,marking a pivotal advancement in edge computing and AI deployment.展开更多
Wearable sensing systems have been designed to monitor health conditions in real-time by detecting analytes in human biofluids.Wound diagnosis remains challenging,necessitating suitable materials for high-performance ...Wearable sensing systems have been designed to monitor health conditions in real-time by detecting analytes in human biofluids.Wound diagnosis remains challenging,necessitating suitable materials for high-performance wearable sensors to offer prompt feedback.Existing devices have limitations in measuring pH and the concentration of pH-dependent electroactive species simultaneously,which is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of wound status and optimizing biosensors.Therefore,improving materials and analysis system accuracy is essential.This article introduces the first example of a flexible array capable of detecting pyocyanin,a bacterial virulence factor,while correcting dynamic pH fluctuations.We demonstrate that this combined sensor enhances accuracy by mitigating the impact of pH variability on pyocyanin sensor response.Customized screen-printable inks were developed to enhance analytical performance.The analytical performances of two sensitive sensor systems(i.e.,fully-printed porous graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotube(CNT)and polyaniline/CNT composites for pyocyanin and pH sensors)are evaluated.Partial least square regression is employed to analyze nonzero-order data arrays from square wave voltammetric and potentiometric measurements of pyocyanin and pH sensors to establish a predictive model for pyocyanin concentration in complex fluids.This sensitive and effective strategy shows potential for personalized applications due to its affordability,ease of use,and ability to adjust for dynamic pH changes.展开更多
Wearable wristband systems leverage deep learning to revolutionize hand gesture recognition in daily activities.Unlike existing approaches that often focus on static gestures and require extensive labeled data,the pro...Wearable wristband systems leverage deep learning to revolutionize hand gesture recognition in daily activities.Unlike existing approaches that often focus on static gestures and require extensive labeled data,the proposed wearable wristband with selfsupervised contrastive learning excels at dynamic motion tracking and adapts rapidly across multiple scenarios.It features a four-channel sensing array composed of an ionic hydrogel with hierarchical microcone structures and ultrathin flexible electrodes,resulting in high-sensitivity capacitance output.Through wireless transmission from a Wi-Fi module,the proposed algorithm learns latent features from the unlabeled signals of random wrist movements.Remarkably,only few-shot labeled data are sufficient for fine-tuning the model,enabling rapid adaptation to various tasks.The system achieves a high accuracy of 94.9%in different scenarios,including the prediction of eight-direction commands,and air-writing of all numbers and letters.The proposed method facilitates smooth transitions between multiple tasks without the need for modifying the structure or undergoing extensive task-specific training.Its utility has been further extended to enhance human–machine interaction over digital platforms,such as game controls,calculators,and three-language login systems,offering users a natural and intuitive way of communication.展开更多
The purpose of this review is to explore the intersection of computational engineering and biomedical science,highlighting the transformative potential this convergence holds for innovation in healthcare and medical r...The purpose of this review is to explore the intersection of computational engineering and biomedical science,highlighting the transformative potential this convergence holds for innovation in healthcare and medical research.The review covers key topics such as computational modelling,bioinformatics,machine learning in medical diagnostics,and the integration of wearable technology for real-time health monitoring.Major findings indicate that computational models have significantly enhanced the understanding of complex biological systems,while machine learning algorithms have improved the accuracy of disease prediction and diagnosis.The synergy between bioinformatics and computational techniques has led to breakthroughs in personalized medicine,enabling more precise treatment strategies.Additionally,the integration of wearable devices with advanced computational methods has opened new avenues for continuous health monitoring and early disease detection.The review emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to further advance this field.Future research should focus on developing more robust and scalable computational models,enhancing data integration techniques,and addressing ethical considerations related to data privacy and security.By fostering innovation at the intersection of these disciplines,the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery and outcomes becomes increasingly attainable.展开更多
Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart...Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.展开更多
High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on ...High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on an experimental study on the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck of the Bengbu Bridge in Tianjin,China.The line friction test of standard specimens was adopted,and the aluminum alloy bridge deck＇s wearability was calculated.The electrochemical test was conducted to measure the corrosion rate and morphology characteristics of specimens that were corroded in various solutions that simulated the atmospheric environment.The test results show that the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck are sufficient and met the project＇s requirements.The test methods proposed have practical significance for future engineering research,and the test results are useful for other engineering applications of aluminum alloys.展开更多
MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices tak...MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices take the advantage of the exceptional electrical conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility of two-dimensional MXenes to enable noninvasive,tear-based monitoring of key physiological markers such as intraocular pressure and glucose levels.Recent developments focus on the integration of transparent MXene films into the conventional lens materials,allowing multifunctional performance including photothermal therapy,antimicrobial and anti-inflammation protection,and dehydration resistance.These innovations offer promising strategies for ocular disease management and eye protection.In addition to their multifunctionality,improvements in MXene synthesis and device engineering have enhanced the stability,transparency,and wearability of these lenses.Despite these advances,challenges remain in long-term biostability,scalable production,and integration with wireless communication systems.This review summarizes the current progress,key challenges,and future directions of MXene-based smart contact lenses,highlighting their transformative potential in next-generation digital healthcare and ophthalmic care.展开更多
Introduction:Consumer wearables increasingly provide users with Composite Health Scores(CHS)–integrated biometric indices that claim to quantify readiness,recovery,stress,or overall well-being.Despite their growing a...Introduction:Consumer wearables increasingly provide users with Composite Health Scores(CHS)–integrated biometric indices that claim to quantify readiness,recovery,stress,or overall well-being.Despite their growing adoption,the validity,transparency,and physiological relevance of these scores remain unclear.This study systematically evaluates CHS fromleading wearablemanufacturers to assess their underlying methodologies,contributors,and scientific basis.Content:Information was synthesised from publicly available company documentation,including technical white papers,user manuals,app interfaces,and research literature where available.We identified 14 CHS across 10 major wearable manufacturers,including Fitbit(Daily Readiness),Garmin(Body Battery^(TM)and Training Readiness),Oura(Readiness and Resilience),WHOOP(Strain,Recovery,and Stress Monitor),Polar(Nightly Recharge^(TM)),Samsung(Energy Score),Suunto(Body Resources),Ultrahuman(Dynamic Recovery),Coros(Daily Stress),and Withings(Health Improvement Score).The most frequently incorporated biometric contributors in this catalogue of CHS were heart rate variability(86%),resting heart rate(79%),physical activity(71%),and sleep duration(71%).However,significant discrepancies were identified in data collection timeframes,metric weighting,and proprietary scoring methodologies.None of the manufacturers disclosed their exact algorithmic formulas,and few provided empirical validation or peer-reviewed evidence supporting the accuracy or clinical relevance of their scores.Summary and outlook:While the concept of CHS represent a promising innovation in digital health,their scientific validity,transparency,and clinical applicability remain uncertain.Future research should focus on establishing standardized sensor fusion frameworks,improving algorithmic transparency,and evaluating CHS across diverse populations.Greater collaboration between industry,researchers,and clinicians is essential to ensure these indices serve as meaningful health metrics rather than opaque consumer tools.展开更多
Hydrogel-based flexible sensors are emerging as ideal candidates for wearable devices and soft robotics.However,most current hydrogels possess limited physicochemical properties,which hinder their practical applicatio...Hydrogel-based flexible sensors are emerging as ideal candidates for wearable devices and soft robotics.However,most current hydrogels possess limited physicochemical properties,which hinder their practical application in long-term and complex scenarios.Herein,inspired by the unique structure of the barnacle,we design multifunctional poly(DMAPA-co-PHEA)hydrogels(CP hydrogels)by employing multiple physical crosslinks in the presence of Ag nanoparticles and NaCl additives.Owing to the synergistic effect of cation-πinteractions,hydrophobic interactions,and ionic bonds,the CP hydrogels exhibit high stretchability(strain up to 1430%),strong adhesion(22.8 kPa),satisfactory antibacterial activity,stable anti-icing ability(<20 kPa after 20 icing-deicing cycles),and high electrical conductivity(18.5 mS/cm).Additionally,the CP hydrogels show fast and sensitive responsiveness and cycling stability and can attach directly to human skin to accurately detect both human motions and tiny physiological signals as a flexible wearable sensor.Collectively,this work significantly contributes a straightforward and efficient design strategy for the development of multifunctional hydrogels,broadening their application scenarios.展开更多
The integration of wearable technology and remote monitoring (RM) has significantlytransformed the early detection, continuous monitoring, and managementof cardiac arrhythmias. These conditions, characterized by irreg...The integration of wearable technology and remote monitoring (RM) has significantlytransformed the early detection, continuous monitoring, and managementof cardiac arrhythmias. These conditions, characterized by irregular heart rhythms,arise from various etiological factors, including congenital, structural, immunological,metabolic, and infectious diseases, with atrial fibrillation being themost prevalent type. Diagnosing arrhythmias remains challenging due to variableclinical presentations and episodic symptom manifestations, necessitating individualizedmanagement strategies. Recent advances in wearable technology offerscalable, cost-effective solutions for real-time arrhythmia monitoring. These devicesare equipped with sophisticated sensors and data analytics that enable earlydetection and personalized interventions, while empowering patients to activelyengage in their healthcare. Integrating RM systems enhances diagnostic accuracyand facilitates timely medical interventions. Despite their potential, regulatory,legal, privacy, security, and infrastructural challenges hinder the widespreadadoption of wearable technology and RM. Addressing these barriers requirescollaboration among stakeholders and rigorous clinical trials to assess theirefficacy and feasibility. Future research should focus on refining wearable technology,improving user experience, and integrating these innovations into existinghealthcare frameworks. Overcoming these challenges will maximize the potentialof wearable technology and RM, ultimately enhancing the management of cardiacarrhythmias and improving patient outcomes.展开更多
文摘The mechansim of the effect of rare earth(RE)on wearability of spray-welding layers has been investi- gated by adding RE in ppm into Nickel base self-fluxing alloy powder.The test results show that the microalloy- ing effect of RE can refine the structure of spray-welding layers,and change the amount,size,shape and distri- bution of hard phase in spray-welding layers.The wearability of spray-welding layers is increased consequently.
基金Innovation Team Building Program of Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology,China。
文摘In recent years,smart textiles have attracted the attention of scholars from all walks of life,but there is an imbalance between functionality and usability,which affects their marketization process.Firstly,five representative smart textiles are introduced and their respective wearability is described around preparation methods.Secondly,it is concluded that the preparation methods of smart textiles can be divided into two categories:fiber methods and finishing methods.The fiber methods refer to making smart fibers into smart textiles.Textiles made by fiber methods are breathable and feel good in the hand,but the mechanical properties are influenced by the production equipment,and the process cost is high.The finishing methods refer to the functional finishing of ordinary textiles.Although the finishing method is simple and convenient,it may reduce the comfort of the textile.Finally,applications and new research in various fields of smart textiles are presented with promising prospects.It is anticipated that this review will serve as a theoretical basis for future research and development of smart textiles.Researchers are expected to create new technologies to overcome the tension between functionality and usability,as well as to increase user comfort and convenience.
文摘The influence of yttrium addition on microstructure and wearability of WC78 TiC14 Co8 cemented carbide has been studied It is shown that the wearability of the carbide tool is significantly improved by adding trace amount of yttrium and the optimal adding amount is about 0 27%(wt)(in binder) Experimental results indicate that owing to adding yttrium, in as sintered cemented carbides the sizes of carbide grains and Co rich binder regions are reduced and their size homogeneity is improved, while in the binder, both dissolved contents of tungsten and titanium and volume proportion of the ductile α Co phase with f c c lattice are increased Therefore, the strength toughness of the binder and the cemented carbide which consists of the carbides and the binder are apparently enhanced Besides, it is found that many Y 2WO 6 particles appear along the WC/WC or WC/Co rich phase interfaces in as sintered carbide alloy with yttrium addition until 4 5%(wt), showing that during liquid phase sintering process of the alloys the segregation of yttrium atoms and Y 2WO 6 forming reaction might take place on the carbide particles/liquid binder interfaces, reducing the oxide films on the surface of WC particles and strengthening the cohesion of WC particles with Co rich binder
基金This project is supported by Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Shandong, China(No.Z2000F02).
文摘A new surfacing electrode is developed with cracking resistance andwearability based on high microhardness of TiC and VC, carbides of Ti and V are formed in depositedmetal by means of high temperature arc metallurgic reaction. The results show the hardness ofsurfacing metal increases with the increase of ferrotitanium (Fe-Ti), ferrovanadium (Fe-V) andgraphite in the coat. However, when graphite reaches the volume fraction of 11 percent, the hardnessreaches its peak value, and when beyond 11 percent, the hardness falls off. As Fe-Ti, Fe-V andgraphite increase, the cracking resistance of deposited metal and usability of electrode declines.Carbides are dispersedly distributed in the matrix structure. The matrix micro structure ofdeposited metal is lath martensite. Carbides present irregular block. When using the researchedsurfacing electrode to continue weld with non-preheated, no seeable crack or only a few micro-crackscan be observed in the surface of deposited metal. The hardness is above 60 HRC. The wearresistance is better than that of EDZCr-C-15.
基金Funding of Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) (DD45001015)NSFC/RGC Joint Research Scheme (Project N_City U123/15)+2 种基金the Science Technology and Innovation Committee of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20130401145617276 and R-IND4903)City University of Hong Kong (PJ7004645)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1-BBA3) supported this work
文摘Inspired by the sophisticated artificial leather garment industry and toward enhancing wearability of energy storage devices, we demonstrate a polyurethane artificial leather supercapacitor with large sheet electrodes embedded in theleather layer simultaneously working as a polyelectrolyte. This design totally reserves textiles underneath and thus addresses the well-known challenge of wearing comfortability. It provides a revolutionary configuration of wearable supercapacitors: the artificial leather on garment is also a supercapacitor.Unlike the polyvinyl alcohol-based acidic electrolytes, which are widely used, sodium chloride is used to modify the intrinsically fluorescent polyurethane leather for ionic transportation, which has no harm to human. The fluorescent leather supercapacitor is easily transferrable from any arbitrary substrates to form various patterns, enabling multifunctionalities of practical wearability, fashion, and energy storage.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan of China(Grant No.2023YFB3210400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62174101)+2 种基金the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2021CXGC010603)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong University(2020QNQT001)Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong,Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong,the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao-Original exploration project(No.24-4-4-zrjj-139-jch).
文摘Flexible electronics are transforming our lives by making daily activities more convenient.Central to this innovation are field-effect transistors(FETs),valued for their efficient signal processing,nanoscale fabrication,low-power consumption,fast response times,and versatility.Graphene,known for its exceptional mechanical properties,high electron mobility,and biocompatibility,is an ideal material for FET channels and sensors.The combination of graphene and FETs has given rise to flexible graphene field-effect transistors(FGFETs),driving significant advances in flexible electronics and sparked a strong interest in flexible biomedical sensors.Here,we first provide a brief overview of the basic structure,operating mechanism,and evaluation parameters of FGFETs,and delve into their material selection and patterning techniques.The ability of FGFETs to sense strains and biomolecular charges opens up diverse application possibilities.We specifically analyze the latest strategies for integrating FGFETs into wearable and implantable flexible biomedical sensors,focusing on the key aspects of constructing high-quality flexible biomedical sensors.Finally,we discuss the current challenges and prospects of FGFETs and their applications in biomedical sensors.This review will provide valuable insights and inspiration for ongoing research to improve the quality of FGFETs and broaden their application prospects in flexible biomedical sensing.
基金funded in part by the German Research Foundation(Grant reference:496846758).
文摘The ongoing revolution in information technology is reshaping human life. In the realm of health behavior, wearable technology emerges as a leading digital solution,capturing physical behaviors (i.e., physical activity, sedentary habits, sleep patterns) within the 24-h cycle of daily life. Wearables are applied in research, clinical practice, and as lifestyle devices;most obvious, they promise to be a key element for increasing human physical activity, one of the biggest health challenges nowadays.
基金the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22272004,62272041)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YWF-22-L-1256)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3402600)the Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars(No.1870011182126)。
文摘The proliferation of wearable biodevices has boosted the development of soft,innovative,and multifunctional materials for human health monitoring.The integration of wearable sensors with intelligent systems is an overwhelming tendency,providing powerful tools for remote health monitoring and personal health management.Among many candidates,two-dimensional(2D)materials stand out due to several exotic mechanical,electrical,optical,and chemical properties that can be efficiently integrated into atomic-thin films.While previous reviews on 2D materials for biodevices primarily focus on conventional configurations and materials like graphene,the rapid development of new 2D materials with exotic properties has opened up novel applications,particularly in smart interaction and integrated functionalities.This review aims to consolidate recent progress,highlight the unique advantages of 2D materials,and guide future research by discussing existing challenges and opportunities in applying 2D materials for smart wearable biodevices.We begin with an in-depth analysis of the advantages,sensing mechanisms,and potential applications of 2D materials in wearable biodevice fabrication.Following this,we systematically discuss state-of-the-art biodevices based on 2D materials for monitoring various physiological signals within the human body.Special attention is given to showcasing the integration of multi-functionality in 2D smart devices,mainly including self-power supply,integrated diagnosis/treatment,and human–machine interaction.Finally,the review concludes with a concise summary of existing challenges and prospective solutions concerning the utilization of2D materials for advanced biodevices.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52073051, 52373054)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2232022A-04, 24D110109/005, 2232024G-06-01)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (23ZR1400900)Shanghai Frontier Science Research Center for Modern Textiles。
文摘Advances in wearable electronics and information technology drive sports data collection and analysis toward real-time visualization and precision. The growing pursuit of athleticism and healthy life makes it appealing for individuals to track their real-time health and exercise data seamlessly. While numerous devices enable sports and health monitoring, maintaining comfort over long periods remains a considerable challenge, especially in high-intensity and sweaty sports scenarios. Textiles, with their breathability, deformability, and moisture-wicking abilities, ensure exceptional comfort during prolonged wear, making them ideal for wearable platforms. This review summarized the progress of research on textile-based sports monitoring devices. First, the design principles and fabrication methods of smart textiles were introduced systematically. Textiles undergo a distinctive fiber-yarn-fabric or fiber-fabric manufacturing process that allows for the regulation of performance and the integration of functional elements at every step. Then, the performance requirements for precise sports data collection of smart textiles, including main vital signs, joint movement, and data transmission, were discussed. Lastly, the applications of smart textiles in various sports scenarios are demonstrated. Additionally, the review provides an in-depth analysis of the emerging challenges, strategies, and opportunities for the research and development of sports-oriented smart textiles. Smart textiles not only maintain comfort and accuracy in sports, but also serve as inexpensive and efficient information-gathering terminals. Therefore, developing multifunctional, cost-effective textile-based systems for personalized sports and healthcare is a pressing need for the future of intelligent sports.
基金Supported by Post-Subsidy Funds from the National Clinical Research Center,Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.303-01-001-0272-08Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program,No.PX2022032Beijing Municipal Public Welfare Development and Reform Pilot Project for Medical Research Institutes(PWD&RPP-MRI),No.JYY2023-13.
文摘Diabetes is highly prevalent among the elderly worldwide,with the highest number of diabetes cases in China.Yet,the management of diabetes remains unsatisfactory.Recent advances in digital health technologies have facilitated the establishment of smart wards for diabetes patients.There is a lack of smart wards tailored specifically for older diabetes patients who encounter unique challenges in glycemic control and diabetes management,including an increased vulnerability to hypoglycemia,the presence of multiple chronic diseases,and cognitive decline.In this review,studies on digital health technologies for diabetes in China and beyond were summarized to elucidate how the adoption of digital health technologies,such as real-time continuous glucose monitoring,sensor-augmented pump technology,and their integration with 5th generation networks,big data cloud storage,and hospital information systems,can address issues specifically related to elderly diabetes patients in hospital wards.Furthermore,the challenges and future directions for establishing and implementing smart wards for elderly diabetes patients are discussed,and these challenges may also be applicable to other countries worldwide,not just in China.Taken together,the smart wards may enhance clinical outcomes,address specific issues,and eventually improve patient-centered hospital care for elderly patients with diabetes.
基金the National Research Foundation(NRF)Singapore mid-sized center grant(NRF-MSG-2023-0002)FrontierCRP grant(NRF-F-CRP-2024-0006)+2 种基金A*STAR Singapore MTC RIE2025 project(M24W1NS005)IAF-PP project(M23M5a0069)Ministry of Education(MOE)Singapore Tier 2 project(MOE-T2EP50220-0014).
文摘The rise of large-scale artificial intelligence(AI)models,such as ChatGPT,Deep-Seek,and autonomous vehicle systems,has significantly advanced the boundaries of AI,enabling highly complex tasks in natural language processing,image recognition,and real-time decisionmaking.However,these models demand immense computational power and are often centralized,relying on cloud-based architectures with inherent limitations in latency,privacy,and energy efficiency.To address these challenges and bring AI closer to real-world applications,such as wearable health monitoring,robotics,and immersive virtual environments,innovative hardware solutions are urgently needed.This work introduces a near-sensor edge computing(NSEC)system,built on a bilayer AlN/Si waveguide platform,to provide real-time,energy-efficient AI capabilities at the edge.Leveraging the electro-optic properties of AlN microring resonators for photonic feature extraction,coupled with Si-based thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometers for neural network computations,the system represents a transformative approach to AI hardware design.Demonstrated through multimodal gesture and gait analysis,the NSEC system achieves high classification accuracies of 96.77%for gestures and 98.31%for gaits,ultra-low latency(<10 ns),and minimal energy consumption(<0.34 pJ).This groundbreaking system bridges the gap between AI models and real-world applications,enabling efficient,privacy-preserving AI solutions for healthcare,robotics,and next-generation human-machine interfaces,marking a pivotal advancement in edge computing and AI deployment.
基金the Talent Management Project of Prince of Songkla University
文摘Wearable sensing systems have been designed to monitor health conditions in real-time by detecting analytes in human biofluids.Wound diagnosis remains challenging,necessitating suitable materials for high-performance wearable sensors to offer prompt feedback.Existing devices have limitations in measuring pH and the concentration of pH-dependent electroactive species simultaneously,which is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of wound status and optimizing biosensors.Therefore,improving materials and analysis system accuracy is essential.This article introduces the first example of a flexible array capable of detecting pyocyanin,a bacterial virulence factor,while correcting dynamic pH fluctuations.We demonstrate that this combined sensor enhances accuracy by mitigating the impact of pH variability on pyocyanin sensor response.Customized screen-printable inks were developed to enhance analytical performance.The analytical performances of two sensitive sensor systems(i.e.,fully-printed porous graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotube(CNT)and polyaniline/CNT composites for pyocyanin and pH sensors)are evaluated.Partial least square regression is employed to analyze nonzero-order data arrays from square wave voltammetric and potentiometric measurements of pyocyanin and pH sensors to establish a predictive model for pyocyanin concentration in complex fluids.This sensitive and effective strategy shows potential for personalized applications due to its affordability,ease of use,and ability to adjust for dynamic pH changes.
基金supported by the Research Grant Fund from Kwangwoon University in 2023,the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(62311540155)the Taishan Scholars Project Special Funds(tsqn202312035)the open research foundation of State Key Laboratory of Integrated Chips and Systems.
文摘Wearable wristband systems leverage deep learning to revolutionize hand gesture recognition in daily activities.Unlike existing approaches that often focus on static gestures and require extensive labeled data,the proposed wearable wristband with selfsupervised contrastive learning excels at dynamic motion tracking and adapts rapidly across multiple scenarios.It features a four-channel sensing array composed of an ionic hydrogel with hierarchical microcone structures and ultrathin flexible electrodes,resulting in high-sensitivity capacitance output.Through wireless transmission from a Wi-Fi module,the proposed algorithm learns latent features from the unlabeled signals of random wrist movements.Remarkably,only few-shot labeled data are sufficient for fine-tuning the model,enabling rapid adaptation to various tasks.The system achieves a high accuracy of 94.9%in different scenarios,including the prediction of eight-direction commands,and air-writing of all numbers and letters.The proposed method facilitates smooth transitions between multiple tasks without the need for modifying the structure or undergoing extensive task-specific training.Its utility has been further extended to enhance human–machine interaction over digital platforms,such as game controls,calculators,and three-language login systems,offering users a natural and intuitive way of communication.
文摘The purpose of this review is to explore the intersection of computational engineering and biomedical science,highlighting the transformative potential this convergence holds for innovation in healthcare and medical research.The review covers key topics such as computational modelling,bioinformatics,machine learning in medical diagnostics,and the integration of wearable technology for real-time health monitoring.Major findings indicate that computational models have significantly enhanced the understanding of complex biological systems,while machine learning algorithms have improved the accuracy of disease prediction and diagnosis.The synergy between bioinformatics and computational techniques has led to breakthroughs in personalized medicine,enabling more precise treatment strategies.Additionally,the integration of wearable devices with advanced computational methods has opened new avenues for continuous health monitoring and early disease detection.The review emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to further advance this field.Future research should focus on developing more robust and scalable computational models,enhancing data integration techniques,and addressing ethical considerations related to data privacy and security.By fostering innovation at the intersection of these disciplines,the potential to revolutionize healthcare delivery and outcomes becomes increasingly attainable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22376159)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Gas sensor is an indispensable part of modern society withwide applications in environmental monitoring,healthcare,food industry,public safety,etc.With the development of sensor technology,wireless communication,smart monitoring terminal,cloud storage/computing technology,and artificial intelligence,smart gas sensors represent the future of gassensing due to their merits of real-time multifunctional monitoring,earlywarning function,and intelligent and automated feature.Various electronicand optoelectronic gas sensors have been developed for high-performancesmart gas analysis.With the development of smart terminals and the maturityof integrated technology,flexible and wearable gas sensors play an increasingrole in gas analysis.This review highlights recent advances of smart gassensors in diverse applications.The structural components and fundamentalprinciples of electronic and optoelectronic gas sensors are described,andflexible and wearable gas sensor devices are highlighted.Moreover,sensorarray with artificial intelligence algorithms and smart gas sensors in“Internet of Things”paradigm are introduced.Finally,the challengesand perspectives of smart gas sensors are discussed regarding the future need of gas sensors for smart city and healthy living.
基金Supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No 20090002110046)
文摘High-performing wearability and corrosion resistance are required for an exposed aluminum alloy bridge deck,but existing experimental research remains limited.In this paper,feasible test methods are proposed based on an experimental study on the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck of the Bengbu Bridge in Tianjin,China.The line friction test of standard specimens was adopted,and the aluminum alloy bridge deck＇s wearability was calculated.The electrochemical test was conducted to measure the corrosion rate and morphology characteristics of specimens that were corroded in various solutions that simulated the atmospheric environment.The test results show that the wearability and corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy bridge deck are sufficient and met the project＇s requirements.The test methods proposed have practical significance for future engineering research,and the test results are useful for other engineering applications of aluminum alloys.
文摘MXene-based smart contact lenses demonstrate a cutting-edge advancement in wearable ophthalmic technology,combining real-time biosensing,therapeutic capabilities,and user comfort in a single platform.These devices take the advantage of the exceptional electrical conductivity,mechanical flexibility,and biocompatibility of two-dimensional MXenes to enable noninvasive,tear-based monitoring of key physiological markers such as intraocular pressure and glucose levels.Recent developments focus on the integration of transparent MXene films into the conventional lens materials,allowing multifunctional performance including photothermal therapy,antimicrobial and anti-inflammation protection,and dehydration resistance.These innovations offer promising strategies for ocular disease management and eye protection.In addition to their multifunctionality,improvements in MXene synthesis and device engineering have enhanced the stability,transparency,and wearability of these lenses.Despite these advances,challenges remain in long-term biostability,scalable production,and integration with wireless communication systems.This review summarizes the current progress,key challenges,and future directions of MXene-based smart contact lenses,highlighting their transformative potential in next-generation digital healthcare and ophthalmic care.
基金funded by the Health Research Board in Ireland(Grant ID:HRB ILP-PHR-2024-005)Research Ireland(Grant ID:12/RC/2289_P2).
文摘Introduction:Consumer wearables increasingly provide users with Composite Health Scores(CHS)–integrated biometric indices that claim to quantify readiness,recovery,stress,or overall well-being.Despite their growing adoption,the validity,transparency,and physiological relevance of these scores remain unclear.This study systematically evaluates CHS fromleading wearablemanufacturers to assess their underlying methodologies,contributors,and scientific basis.Content:Information was synthesised from publicly available company documentation,including technical white papers,user manuals,app interfaces,and research literature where available.We identified 14 CHS across 10 major wearable manufacturers,including Fitbit(Daily Readiness),Garmin(Body Battery^(TM)and Training Readiness),Oura(Readiness and Resilience),WHOOP(Strain,Recovery,and Stress Monitor),Polar(Nightly Recharge^(TM)),Samsung(Energy Score),Suunto(Body Resources),Ultrahuman(Dynamic Recovery),Coros(Daily Stress),and Withings(Health Improvement Score).The most frequently incorporated biometric contributors in this catalogue of CHS were heart rate variability(86%),resting heart rate(79%),physical activity(71%),and sleep duration(71%).However,significant discrepancies were identified in data collection timeframes,metric weighting,and proprietary scoring methodologies.None of the manufacturers disclosed their exact algorithmic formulas,and few provided empirical validation or peer-reviewed evidence supporting the accuracy or clinical relevance of their scores.Summary and outlook:While the concept of CHS represent a promising innovation in digital health,their scientific validity,transparency,and clinical applicability remain uncertain.Future research should focus on establishing standardized sensor fusion frameworks,improving algorithmic transparency,and evaluating CHS across diverse populations.Greater collaboration between industry,researchers,and clinicians is essential to ensure these indices serve as meaningful health metrics rather than opaque consumer tools.
基金financial support from the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515012218)Macao Science and Technology Development Fund(Nos.FDCT 0009/2020/AMJ,0027/2023/RIB1)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32301104)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.23ptpy165).
文摘Hydrogel-based flexible sensors are emerging as ideal candidates for wearable devices and soft robotics.However,most current hydrogels possess limited physicochemical properties,which hinder their practical application in long-term and complex scenarios.Herein,inspired by the unique structure of the barnacle,we design multifunctional poly(DMAPA-co-PHEA)hydrogels(CP hydrogels)by employing multiple physical crosslinks in the presence of Ag nanoparticles and NaCl additives.Owing to the synergistic effect of cation-πinteractions,hydrophobic interactions,and ionic bonds,the CP hydrogels exhibit high stretchability(strain up to 1430%),strong adhesion(22.8 kPa),satisfactory antibacterial activity,stable anti-icing ability(<20 kPa after 20 icing-deicing cycles),and high electrical conductivity(18.5 mS/cm).Additionally,the CP hydrogels show fast and sensitive responsiveness and cycling stability and can attach directly to human skin to accurately detect both human motions and tiny physiological signals as a flexible wearable sensor.Collectively,this work significantly contributes a straightforward and efficient design strategy for the development of multifunctional hydrogels,broadening their application scenarios.
文摘The integration of wearable technology and remote monitoring (RM) has significantlytransformed the early detection, continuous monitoring, and managementof cardiac arrhythmias. These conditions, characterized by irregular heart rhythms,arise from various etiological factors, including congenital, structural, immunological,metabolic, and infectious diseases, with atrial fibrillation being themost prevalent type. Diagnosing arrhythmias remains challenging due to variableclinical presentations and episodic symptom manifestations, necessitating individualizedmanagement strategies. Recent advances in wearable technology offerscalable, cost-effective solutions for real-time arrhythmia monitoring. These devicesare equipped with sophisticated sensors and data analytics that enable earlydetection and personalized interventions, while empowering patients to activelyengage in their healthcare. Integrating RM systems enhances diagnostic accuracyand facilitates timely medical interventions. Despite their potential, regulatory,legal, privacy, security, and infrastructural challenges hinder the widespreadadoption of wearable technology and RM. Addressing these barriers requirescollaboration among stakeholders and rigorous clinical trials to assess theirefficacy and feasibility. Future research should focus on refining wearable technology,improving user experience, and integrating these innovations into existinghealthcare frameworks. Overcoming these challenges will maximize the potentialof wearable technology and RM, ultimately enhancing the management of cardiacarrhythmias and improving patient outcomes.
