Invasive exotic （alien） species have not been taken into enough consideration concerning the European Water Framework Directive （WFD） and other European directives until recently. The Dutch ministry responsible fo...Invasive exotic （alien） species have not been taken into enough consideration concerning the European Water Framework Directive （WFD） and other European directives until recently. The Dutch ministry responsible for water management is looking for ways to establish the impacts that invasive alien species may have on specified water types. This paper concentrates on the vulnerability of such water types to the introduction of exotic species. This new approach focusses on the system where the alien species are introduced into rather than only on the alien species themselves. We propose an equation that combines threats to and in water types with effects of particular species （observed or prognosticated）. Numerical values used in the formula have been found by scoring a number of properties in different water types and species, which are specified in questionnaires. The results of the calculations are given as relative vulnerability scores （scale 1-10）. By testing as many as 8 water types and 13 species, we demonstrate that this method is flexible and easy to use for water managers. Our results can be translated into classes of vulner- ability, which are represented on geographical maps with colour codes to indicate different degrees of vulnerability in the different water bodies. This readily corresponds to the way countries are required to report to the European Union in the context of the WFD. The method can also be generalized using functional groups of （exotic） species instead of particular species展开更多
We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin （Germany） using an area differentiated （100 m × 1...We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin （Germany） using an area differentiated （100 m × 100 m） approach. REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil. For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union （EU） groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3-N/L, effective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015. The effects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015. The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the effects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate. From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures. Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin.展开更多
From 2009 until 2012 the project“Watershed Management of Forest Land in Beijing,Restoration of Small Water Bodies(SWBR)”was implemented,combining Close to Nature Forest Management and Restoration of Small Water Bodi...From 2009 until 2012 the project“Watershed Management of Forest Land in Beijing,Restoration of Small Water Bodies(SWBR)”was implemented,combining Close to Nature Forest Management and Restoration of Small Water Bodies.The targets were to improve flood control,to enhance the ecological conditions by copying nature and to support the recreational value of small water bodies,all in cooperation with people living there.The efficiency of each project was proofed by comparison of biological and hydro-morphological assessment before the projects started and 2-3 years after they were finished.The results confirmed the ecological improvements of the restored river sections and showed the achievements.Guidelines to assess the biological and hydro-morphological status of rivers were developed and there are plans to introduce them as Beijing Standards.Planning and implementation of measures,based on experiences in Central Europe,will be documented in a handbook.&2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press.Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
Background The global freshwater biodiversity crisis has led to widespread implementation of measures to counteract environmental degradation and biodiversity loss.While these efforts aim to foster recovery,intensifyi...Background The global freshwater biodiversity crisis has led to widespread implementation of measures to counteract environmental degradation and biodiversity loss.While these efforts aim to foster recovery,intensifying stressors continue to drive complex biotic responses,the trajectories and drivers of which are insufficiently understood.This study examines the roles of abiotic stressors,biotic interactions(e.g.,competition),and land use in shaping ecological status changes across Germany,using data from 1599 river sites sampled at least twice between 2004 and 2022.Results Changes in abiotic stressors emerged as the most consistent drivers of ecological status,explaining substantial variation(R^(2)=0.39)and similar slopes for recovery(β=-0.11)and degradation(β=-0.10).Biotic interactions,particularly interspecific competition,also influenced the ecological status(R^(2)=0.11),with stronger positive effects observed during recovery(β=2.99)compared to degradation(β=1.59).Land use effects varied by context:Streams in catchments with higher cropland or urban areas showed greater likelihood of recovery,whereas streams in forested catchments were more prone to degradation.These results highlight the interplay of abiotic and biotic factors in driving ecological processes of recovery and degradation.Conclusion These findings emphasize the critical role of improving water quality for enhancing biodiversity and ecological status in rivers,while also demonstrating the importance of biotic interactions and land use context in driving recovery dynamics.Integrating these insights into management and restoration efforts can enhance freshwater ecosystem resilience in the face of escalating environmental pressures.展开更多
文摘Invasive exotic （alien） species have not been taken into enough consideration concerning the European Water Framework Directive （WFD） and other European directives until recently. The Dutch ministry responsible for water management is looking for ways to establish the impacts that invasive alien species may have on specified water types. This paper concentrates on the vulnerability of such water types to the introduction of exotic species. This new approach focusses on the system where the alien species are introduced into rather than only on the alien species themselves. We propose an equation that combines threats to and in water types with effects of particular species （observed or prognosticated）. Numerical values used in the formula have been found by scoring a number of properties in different water types and species, which are specified in questionnaires. The results of the calculations are given as relative vulnerability scores （scale 1-10）. By testing as many as 8 water types and 13 species, we demonstrate that this method is flexible and easy to use for water managers. Our results can be translated into classes of vulner- ability, which are represented on geographical maps with colour codes to indicate different degrees of vulnerability in the different water bodies. This readily corresponds to the way countries are required to report to the European Union in the context of the WFD. The method can also be generalized using functional groups of （exotic） species instead of particular species
基金The research work presented in this article is carried out in the framework of the AGRUM Weser project which was funded on behalf of the German Federal Ministry of Food,Agriculture and Consumer protection (BMELV) and the River Basin Commission Weser (FGG).
文摘We used the interdisciplinary model network REGFLUD to predict the actual mean nitrate concentration in percolation water at the scale of the Weser river basin （Germany） using an area differentiated （100 m × 100 m） approach. REGFLUD combines the agro-economic model RAUMIS for estimating nitrogen surpluses and the hydrological models GROWA/DENUZ for assessing the nitrate leaching from the soil. For areas showing predicted nitrate concentrations in percolation water above the European Union （EU） groundwater quality standard of 50 mg NO3-N/L, effective agri-environmental reduction measures need to be derived and implemented to improve groundwater and surface water quality by 2015. The effects of already implemented agricultural policy are quantified by a baseline scenario projecting the N-surpluses from agricultural sector to 2015. The REGFLUD model is used to estimate the effects of this scenario concerning groundwater and surface water pollution by nitrate. From the results of the model analysis the needs for additional measures can be derived in terms of required additional N-surplus reduction and in terms of regional prioritization of measures. Research work will therefore directly support the implementation of the Water Framework Directive of the European Union in the Weser basin.
文摘From 2009 until 2012 the project“Watershed Management of Forest Land in Beijing,Restoration of Small Water Bodies(SWBR)”was implemented,combining Close to Nature Forest Management and Restoration of Small Water Bodies.The targets were to improve flood control,to enhance the ecological conditions by copying nature and to support the recreational value of small water bodies,all in cooperation with people living there.The efficiency of each project was proofed by comparison of biological and hydro-morphological assessment before the projects started and 2-3 years after they were finished.The results confirmed the ecological improvements of the restored river sections and showed the achievements.Guidelines to assess the biological and hydro-morphological status of rivers were developed and there are plans to introduce them as Beijing Standards.Planning and implementation of measures,based on experiences in Central Europe,will be documented in a handbook.&2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press.Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
基金funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research FoundationCRC 1439/1,project number:426547801)
文摘Background The global freshwater biodiversity crisis has led to widespread implementation of measures to counteract environmental degradation and biodiversity loss.While these efforts aim to foster recovery,intensifying stressors continue to drive complex biotic responses,the trajectories and drivers of which are insufficiently understood.This study examines the roles of abiotic stressors,biotic interactions(e.g.,competition),and land use in shaping ecological status changes across Germany,using data from 1599 river sites sampled at least twice between 2004 and 2022.Results Changes in abiotic stressors emerged as the most consistent drivers of ecological status,explaining substantial variation(R^(2)=0.39)and similar slopes for recovery(β=-0.11)and degradation(β=-0.10).Biotic interactions,particularly interspecific competition,also influenced the ecological status(R^(2)=0.11),with stronger positive effects observed during recovery(β=2.99)compared to degradation(β=1.59).Land use effects varied by context:Streams in catchments with higher cropland or urban areas showed greater likelihood of recovery,whereas streams in forested catchments were more prone to degradation.These results highlight the interplay of abiotic and biotic factors in driving ecological processes of recovery and degradation.Conclusion These findings emphasize the critical role of improving water quality for enhancing biodiversity and ecological status in rivers,while also demonstrating the importance of biotic interactions and land use context in driving recovery dynamics.Integrating these insights into management and restoration efforts can enhance freshwater ecosystem resilience in the face of escalating environmental pressures.
